Tetramorium pacificum

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Tetramorium pacificum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Myrmicinae
Tribe: Crematogastrini
Genus: Tetramorium
Species group: bicarinatum
Species: T. pacificum
Binomial name
Tetramorium pacificum
Mayr, 1870

Tetramorium pacificum casent0005829 profile 1.jpg

Tetramorium pacificum casent0005829 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen labels

Synonyms

Hita Garcia and Fisher (2011) - Tetramorium pacificum has a vast distribution range in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and, as the species epithet suggests, is present in most Pacific island systems. In addition, T. pacificum has been introduced to Canada, California, Florida, Central America and the Caribbean, Switzerland (one record from the zoo in Zurich), and the Malagasy region. Schlick-Steiner et al. (2006b) point out that it might not be possible to delimit its native range due to frequent transfers by humans. However, its distribution suggests the native range of this species is most probably in the Indo-Australian region, including the island systems of the Pacific Ocean (McGlynn, 1999). Heterick & Kitching (2022) collected this species in the canopy of a lowland dipterocarp forest in Brunei.

At a Glance • Invasive  

Identification

A member of the T. bicarinatum species group.

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 22.4° to -23°.

 
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Australasian Region: Australia, New Caledonia.
Indo-Australian Region: Borneo, Brunei Darussalam, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Indonesia, Krakatau Islands, Malaysia, Micronesia (Federated States of), New Guinea, Niue, Palau, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga (type locality), Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna Islands.
Nearctic Region: United States.
Oriental Region: India, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
Palaearctic Region: China.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
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Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.
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Biology

Association with Other Organisms

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
  • This species is a prey for the tiger beetle Cicindela duponti (a predator) in Western Ghats, India (Sinu et al., 2006).

Castes

Worker

Tetramorium-pacificumH5x.jpgTetramorium-pacificumL4x.jpgTetramorium-pacificumD3.2x.jpg
. Owned by Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Images from AntWeb

Tetramorium pacificum casent0055878 head 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0055878 profile 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0055878 dorsal 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0055878 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0055878. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Tetramorium pacificum casent0179060 head 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0179060 profile 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0179060 dorsal 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0179060 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0179060. Photographer Noel Tawatao, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Tetramorium pacificum casent0104991 head 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0104991 profile 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0104991 profile 2.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0104991 dorsal 1.jpgTetramorium pacificum casent0104991 label 1.jpg
Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0104991. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • pacificum. Tetramorium pacificum Mayr, 1870b: 976 (w.q.) TONGA. Imai, Kubota, et al. 1985: 47 (k.). Senior synonym of subscabrum: Bolton, 1977: 102. See also: Schlick-Steiner, Steiner & Zettel, 2006: 182; Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2011: 24.
  • subscabrum. Tetramorium pacificum var. subscabrum Emery, 1893f: 246 (w.) SRI LANKA. Subspecies of pacificum: Wheeler, W.M. 1909d: 340. Junior synonym of pacificum: Bolton, 1977: 102; Schlick-Steiner, Steiner & Zettel, 2006: 187.

Type Material

Hita Garcia and Fisher (2011):

  • Tetramorium pacificum. Syntype workers, queen, TONGA, Tongatabu (NMW, BMNH) [examined].
  • Tetramorium pacificum var. subscabrum Syntype workers, SRI LANKA, Kandy and Colombo (E. Simon) (MHNG) [examined].

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Hita Garcia and Fisher (2011) - HL 0.780 - 0.870 (0.845); HW 0.665 - 0.760 (0.737); SL 0.565 - 0.645 (0.626); EL 0.155 - 0.190 (0.178); PW 0.530 - 0.570 (0.554); WL 0.970 - 1.120 (1.067); PSL 0.215 - 0.255 (0.236); PTL 0.300 - 0.355 (0.332); PTH 0.290 0.340 (0.318); PTW 0.245 - 0.275 (0.259); PPL 0.270 - 0.300 (0.290); PPH 0.275 - 0.310 (0.296); PPW 0.310 - 0.350 (0.330); CI 85 - 90 (87); SI 81 - 88 (85); OI 23 - 25 (24); PSLI 26 - 30 (28); PeNI 44 - 49 (47); LPeI 101 - 106 (104); DPeI 75 - 82 (78); PpNI 56 - 62 (59); LPpI 93 - 101 (98); DPpI 110 - 120 (114); PPI 123 - 132 (127) (20 measured).

Head distinctly longer than wide (CI 85 - 90). Anterior clypeal margin with distinct median impression. Frontal carinae strongly developed, either reaching posterior head margin or ending shortly before. Antennal scrobes weakly developed, narrow and shallow, posterior and ventral margins never differentiated, not reaching posterior head margin. Antennal scapes of moderate length, not reaching posterior margin of head (SI 81 - 88). Eyes of moderate size (OI 23 - 25), with 11 to 14 ommatidia in longest row. Metanotal groove not impressed. Propodeal spines long, relatively narrow and acute (PSLI 26 - 30). Propodeal lobes elongate-triangular to triangular and acute. Node of petiole nodiform, in profile anterior and posterior faces roughly parallel, anterodorsal angle situated much lower than posterodorsal, dorsum slopes upwards posteriorly, node weakly longer than high (LPeI 101 - 106), in dorsal view node distinctly much longer than high (DPeI 75 - 82). Postpetiole in profile rounded, weakly higher than long to as high as long (LPpI 93 - 101), in dorsal view noticeably wider than long (DPpI 110 - 120) and much more voluminous than petiolar node (PPI 123 - 132). Mandibles unsculptured, smooth, and shiny. Clypeus with 3 well-developed longitudinal rugae. Most of head with reticulate-rugose sculpturation, area between frontal carinae close to posterior clypeal margin often more longitudinally rugose but always with cross-meshes; ground sculpturation on head weak and faint. Mesosoma and waist segments reticulate-rugose without any distinct ground sculpturation. First gastral tergite with basigastral costulae, rest of gaster completely unsculptured, smooth, and shiny. All dorsal surfaces of head, mesosoma, waist segments, and gaster with numerous long, standing hairs, depending on population hairs either fine or thick; hairs on antennal scapes and tibiae appressed to suberect. Colouration dark brown to blackish brown.

Karyotype

  • 2n = 22 (Indonesia) (Imai et al., 1985).

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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