Cardiocondyla brachyceps

Cardiocondyla brachyceps
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Crematogastrini
Genus:	Cardiocondyla
Species group:	elegans
Species:	C. brachyceps
Binomial name
Cardiocondyla brachyceps Seifert, 2003 Specimen Labels

A nest sample from Georgia was collected on a sandy riverbank with scattered bushes (Seifert, 2023).

Identification

Seifert (2003) - A member of the Cardiocondyla elegans group. Cardiocondyla brachyceps workers are similar to eastern Cardiocondyla elegans workers, which may show an elongated petiolar peduncle as it is typical for C. brachyceps. Discrimination from C. elegans seems possible by the more strongly reticulate meso- and metapleurae which appear at lower magnifications more dull, contrasting the shining lateral parts of mesonotum and pronotum and by the orange-yellowish colour component of mesosoma.

Cardiocondyla brachyceps differs from any species of the C. batesii group by the shape of postpetiolar sternite, the elongated petiolar peduncle, the longer gastral pubescence, and the well-demarcated, bicoronate vertex foveolae with narrow interspaces.

Seifert (2023) - Relatively large, CS 559 µm. Head rather short, CL/CW 1.131. Postocular distance very low, PoOc/CL 0.380. Scape rather long, SL/CS 0.831. Eye rather large, EYE/CS 0.251. Occipital margin suggestively concave. Frons rather broad (FRS/CS 0.257), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.044). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a deep metanotal depression (Mgr/CS 4.39 %). Propodeal spines slightly longer and slightly thinner than in related species (SP/CS 0.128), their axis in profile deviating by about 35° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases more approached (SPBA/CS 0.237). Petiole narrower than in C. elegans and as high as wide (PeW/CS 0.299, PeH/CS 0.301); in profile with a long peduncle that is about 1.8 fold as long as wide and an extremely steep anterior slope of the node (about 85° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole much narrower and lower than in related species (PpW/CS 0.522, PpH/CS 0.260), in dorsal view heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite with the anteromedian portion significantly more bulging than its anteroparamedian portion; in lateral view this anteromedian bulge forms a small, obtusely angled, rounded corner and changes into the helcium with a distinct angle. Frontal laminae, paramedian vertex, and lateral clypeus with weak longitudinal sculpture. vertex with strongly demarcated, bicoronate foveolae of 18–21 µm diameter; interspaces narrower than foveolar diameter, near to eyes larger; the interspaces between foveolae shiny and in places with fragments of a very delicate microreticulum. Mesosoma on most of its surface shining and with very fine microreticulum. Dorsal promesonotum finely longitudinally rugulose and with scattered bicoronate foveolae. Lateral meso- and metapleurae delicately longitudinally striate-reticulate; at lower magnifications appearing duller, contrasting the shining lateral parts of mesonotum and pronotum. Dorsum of waist glabrous except for a very delicate microreticulum. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on whole body long but less dense than in related species, PLg/CS 7.96 %, sqPDg 4.65. Color variable: head medium brown to blackish brown; mesosoma and petiole usually light orange-brown, in specimens with to dark brown mesosoma an orange-yellowish color component is still visible; postpetiole and gaster dark to blackish brown.

Cardiocondyla brachyceps is obviously a member of the C. elegans species group but differs from Cardiocondyla elegans, Cardiocondyla dalmatica and Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides by much narrower and lower waist segments, more dilute pubescence and the differing petiole profile (compare Figs. 7, 11, 15 and 19). In numeric terms, C. brachyceps is strongly separable from the other three species by a PCA of the characters PpH/CS, dFOv, SL/CS, PoOc/CL, sqPDg, SP/CS, PLg/CS and PeW/CS (Fig. 135).

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  Seifert (2023), Figs. 6–9. Cardiocondyla elegans; Fig. 6: head in dorsal view; Fig. 7 lateral view; Fig. 8: dorsal view; Fig. 9: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. France: Brehemont-1.1 km E, 2010.07.15.
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  Seifert (2023), Figs. 10–13. Cardiocondyla dalmatica, Fig. 10: head in dorsal view; Fig. 11: lateral view; Fig. 12: dorsal view; Fig. 13: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Hungary: Balassagyarmat, 2007.06.31
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  Seifert (2023), Figs. 14–17. Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides, holotype; Fig. 14: head in dorsal view; Fig. 15: lateral view, postpetiole and gaster in full lateral view shown upper left; Fig. 16: dorsal view, postpetiole and gaster in full dorsal view shown lower left; Fig. 17: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Turkey: Reyhauli-2 km N, 1993.06.09
• 

  Seifert (2023), Figs. 18–21. Cardiocondyla brachyceps; Fig. 18: head in dorsal view; Fig. 19: lateral view; Fig. 20: dorsal view; Fig. 21: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Iran: Fars, 1997.09.19
• 

  Seifert (2023), Fig. 135. Separation of nest samples of Cardiocondyla brachyceps (black rhombs, n=4), C. dalmatica (black dots, n=32), C. dalmaticoides (crosses, n=3) and C. elegans (white dots, n=50 ) by a principal component analysis considering the morphometric characters PpH/CS, dFOv, SL/CS, PoOc/CL, sqPDg, SP/CS, PLg/CS and PeW/CS.

Keys including this Species

• Key to Holartic Cardiocondyla
• Key to Palaearctic Cardiocondyla

Distribution

Seifert (2023) - From southern Georgia and northeastern Turkey (41.7°E) eastwards through Iran to eastern Afghanistan (69.5°E). The altitudinal range extends from 5 m in Georgia to 2000 m in Iran.

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 41.7° to 29.7°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps, Seifert (2023)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran (type locality), Türkiye.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Castes

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  Seifert (2023), Figs. 18–21. Cardiocondyla brachyceps; Fig. 18: head in dorsal view; Fig. 19: lateral view; Fig. 20: dorsal view; Fig. 21: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Iran: Fars, 1997.09.19

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• brachyceps. Cardiocondyla brachyceps Seifert, 2003a: 228, fig. 23 (w.) IRAN, TURKEY.
  • Type-material: holotype worker, 27 paratype workers.
  • Type-locality: holotype Iran: Fars, 51 road-km. W Shiraz, Chehel Chesmeh, 1940 m., 17.ix.1997 (15) (S. Schödl); paratypes: 24 workers with same data, 3 workers Turkey: Taslica, 10 km. W Artvin, 1000 m., 2.vii.1989 (A Schulz).
  • Type-depositories: NHMW (holotype); NHMW, SMNG (paratypes).
  • Status as species: Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 17; Borowiec, L. 2014: 45; Bračko, 2019: 170; Seifert, 2023a: 31 (diagnosis).
  • Distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Turkey.

Type Material

• Holotype worker and 15 paratype workers labelled “Iran, Fars 1997 (15), 51 road-km W Shiraz, Chehel Chesmeh, 1940 m, 17.9.; leg. Schodl”, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna.
• 9 worker paratypes from the same sample in Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz.
• 3 worker paratypes labelled “ARTVlN - Taslica, 10 km W Artvin, 1000 mH, Laubmischwald, Steinmauer, leg. Schulz 02.07.89 TURKEI", Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz.

Description

Worker

Head very short and rather straight-sided, CL/CW 1.132. Postocular distance small, PoOc/CL 0.381. Scape long, SL/CS 0.835. Occipital margin slightly excavated. Eyes moderately large, EYE 0.253. Frontal laminae, paramedian vertex, and lateral area of clypeus with weak longitudinal sculpture. Frontal carinae immediately posterior of FRS level parallel or converging. Vertex with strongly demarcated, bicoronate foveolae of 18 - 21 mm diameter; interspaces narrower than foveolar diameter. Most of mesosoma surface shining and with very fine microreticulum. Dorsal area of promesonotum finely longitudinally rugulose and with bicoronate foveolae. Meso- and metapleurae laterally reticulate; at lower magnifications appearing more dull, contrasting the shining lateral parts of mesonotum and pronotum. Propodeal spines relatively thin and steep. Dorsum of waist glabrous except for a very delicate microreticulum. Petiole with elongated peduncle that is about 1 .8x as long as wide; petiole node as high as wide, much wider than peduncle. Postpetiolar sternite with anteromedian portion significantly more bulging than anteroparamedian portion; in lateral view this anteromedian bulge forming small, obtusely-angled, rounded corner and changing into helcium with distinct angle. Pubescence longer. Colour variable: head medium brown to blackish brown; mesosoma and petiole usually light-orange-brown, in specimens with dark brown mesosoma orange-yellowish colour component still visible; postpetiole and gaster dark to blackish brown.

References

• Seifert, B. 2003. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Serie B Botanik und Zoologie. 104:203-338. (page 228, fig. 23 worker described)
• Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
• Bračko, G. 2019. New data on the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Azerbaijan. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 15, 165–175 (doi:10.23885/181433262019151-165175).
• Kiran, K., Karaman, C. 2020. Additions to the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoosystema 42(18), 285-329 (doi:10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a18).
• Seifert, B. 2022. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): The species groups with Oriental and Australasian origin. Diversity 15, 25 (doi:10.3390/d15010025).
• Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1).
• Sharaf, M.R., Al Dhafer, H.M., Abdel-Dayem, M.S., Aldawood, A.S. 2024. Cardiocondyla hashemi sp. n., a new species of the C. batesii species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with a key to the Saudi species. Zoology in the Middle East]] (doi:10.1080/09397140.2024.2321640).
• Snegovaya, N., Shigayev, C. 2021. A checklist of the ants (Insecta, Formicidae) of Azerbaijan Republic. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 17(2): 179-207 (doi:10.22067/ijab.2022.67343.1000).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Paknia O., A. Radchenko, H. Alipanah, and M. Pfeiffer. 2008. A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Iran. Myrmecological News 11: 151-159.
• Seifert B. 2003. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. B, Botanik, Zoologie 104: 203-338.