Brachymyrmex depilis

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Brachymyrmex depilis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Formicinae
Tribe: Myrmelachistini
Genus: Brachymyrmex
Species: B. depilis
Binomial name
Brachymyrmex depilis
Emery, 1893

Brachymyrmex depilis casent0005338 profile 1.jpg

Brachymyrmex depilis casent0005338 dorsal 1.jpg

Specimen Label

Synonyms

Colonies or nest chambers that form part of a nest of Brachymyrmex depilis can be found in the soil under stones or in rotting wood in a wide variety of habitats: open forest, dense moist forest, grasslands, and fields. The workers lead almost wholly subterranean lives. In addition to being general scavengers workers also tend root aphids and coccids in underground galleries. The gastral tergites of Brachymyrmex depilis workers have flexible connections that permit their gaster to easily expand and contract. Their crops can be filled with a large amount of liquid, at least relative to the overall size of a worker.


Photo Gallery

  • Brachymyrmex-depilis 7159.jpg

Identification

Very small yellow ants. Their color distinguishes this species from other named North American Brachymyrmex, which vary from grey to dark brown.

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2019) - Brachymyrmex depilis resembles Brachymyrmex heeri and Brachymyrmex giardi as all three taxa have the mesonotum bulging dorsally above the pronotum in lateral view, and a gaster with dense pubescence. However, B. depilis differs from B. heeri by its shorter scapes and the lack of erect hairs on the mesosoma, and from B. giardi by its smaller eyes, its appressed hairs on the dorsum of the mesosoma, its yellowish color, and its Nearctic distribution, i.e. from the South of Canada to the North of Mexico.

Keys including this Species

Distribution

Range United States, S Canada, Mexico. Most U.S. states and south into Mexico. This species is putatively wide ranging. A badly needed taxonomic revision of the North America forms will likely reveal Brachymyrmex depilis is a number of distinctive species.

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 50.73° to 10.85433°.

     
North
Temperate 		North
Subtropical 		Tropical South
Subtropical 		South
Temperate

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Nearctic Region: Canada, United States (type locality).
Neotropical Region: Mexico.

Distribution based on AntMaps

AntMapLegend.png

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.
pChart

Biology

Brachymyrmex depilis are opportunistic nesters, making galleries in downed wood, at the base of living vegetation, under bark, under stones, in litter, along roots and in the soil. Their small size and thin integument means individuals desiccate quickly, leading colonies to settle in places where they can have humid nest chambers.

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2019) - Grundmann (1952) collected a nest of B. depilis subsp. flavescens from among the roots of the scrub oak Quercus gambelii and suggested that this species is subterraneous and tends aphids and coccids on the roots of plants. This association was also highlighted by Yensen et al. (1980) and Wheeler and Wheeler (1986). Small colonies of B. depilis were found in the soil under stones or in rotting wood in a wide variety of habitats: open forest, dense moist forest, grass lands, and dry fields (Wheeler and Wheeler 1986). Surprisingly, Yensen et al. (1980) reported B. depilis from an intertidal halophyte-covered mud flat in the Gulf of California in Mexico, where colonies are regularly inundated by sea water. The authors suggest that the mechanisms that allow the species to survive heavy rains elsewhere may have preadapted their survival in this unusual habitat. Page (1982) reported on copulatory behavior and observed a queen of B. depilis with attached to her abdomen three motionless males, that she dragged around. As such he suggested that B. depilis seems to have multiple copulations but whether insemination occurs by several partners is unknown.

Headley (1943) reported finding nests of Brachymyrmex depilis in Oak acorns.

Flight Period

X X
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

Explore-icon.png Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Castes

Brachymyrmex depilis illus.jpg
.

Worker

MCZ-ENT00672722 Brachymyrmex depilis hef.jpgMCZ-ENT00672722 Brachymyrmex depilis hal.jpgMCZ-ENT00672722 Brachymyrmex depilis had.jpgMCZ-ENT00672722 Brachymyrmex depilis lbs.JPG
. Owned by Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Images from AntWeb

Brachymyrmex depilis casent0102085 head 1.jpgBrachymyrmex depilis casent0102085 profile 1.jpgBrachymyrmex depilis casent0102085 dorsal 1.jpgBrachymyrmex depilis casent0102085 label 1.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0102085. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Images from AntWeb

Brachymyrmex depilis casent0102085 dorsal 2.jpg
Worker. Specimen code casent0102085. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

  • depilis. Brachymyrmex heeri subsp. depilis Emery, 1893i: 635 (w.) U.S.A. (District of Columbia, Dakota, New Jersey, Virginia).
    • Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Ortiz-Sepúlveda, et al. 2019: 491), 36 paralectotype workers, 1 paralectotype queen, 10 paralectotype males.
    • [Note: the original description does not mention queens or males.]
    • Type-locality: lectotype U.S.A.: District of Columbia, Georgetown College, 10.viii.1885 (T. Pergande) (invalid restriction of type-locality by Creighton, 1950a: 359; no lectotype designated).
    • [Note: other original syntype localities: U.S.A.: Dakota (T. Pergande), U.S.A.: New Jersey (T. Pergande), U.S.A.: Virginia (T. Pergande).]
    • Type-depository: MSNG.
    • Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 139 (l.).
    • Subspecies of heeri: Wheeler, W.M. 1900c: 47; Wheeler, W.M. 1904e: 304; Wheeler, W.M. 1905f: 389; Wheeler, W.M. 1908f: 622; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 569; Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 591; Wheeler, W.M. 1917i: 462; Smith, M.R. 1930a: 5; Wheeler, W.M. 1932a: 13; Dennis, 1938: 294; Wing, 1939: 163; Wesson, L.G. & Wesson, R.G. 1940: 100.
    • Status as species: Santschi, 1923b: 663; Emery, 1925b: 42; Buren, 1944a: 292; Creighton, 1950a: 359; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 839; Cole, 1953h: 266; Cole, 1954f: 271; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 141; Carter, 1962a: 7 (in list); Smith, M.R. 1967: 366; Hunt & Snelling, 1975: 22; Francoeur, 1977b: 207; Yensen, et al. 1977: 183; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424; Snelling, R.R. & George, 1979: 177; Allred, 1982: 454; Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 59; DuBois & LaBerge, 1988: 145; Mackay, Lowrie, et al. 1988: 104; Deyrup, et al. 1989: 99; Blacker, 1992: 9; Wheeler, G.C., et al. 1994: 305; Bolton, 1995b: 82; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 278; Deyrup, 2003: 44; Coovert, 2005: 113; MacGown & Forster, 2005: 64; Ward, 2005: 28; Ellison, et al. 2012: 110; Deyrup, 2017: 180; Ortiz-Sepúlveda, et al. 2019: 491; Jallow & Gomez, 2024: 4.
    • Senior synonym of flavescens: Cole, 1953h: 266; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 141; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424; Snelling, R.R. & George, 1979: 177; Bolton, 1995b: 82; Ortiz-Sepúlveda, et al. 2019: 492.
    • Senior synonym of nanellus: Creighton, 1950a: 359; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 141; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424; Snelling, R.R. & George, 1979: 177; Bolton, 1995b: 82; Ortiz-Sepúlveda, et al. 2019: 492.
    • Distribution
    • Afrotropical: Gambia (introduction).
    • New World: Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.
  • flavescens. Brachymyrmex depilis subsp. flavescens Grundmann, 1952: 117 (w.) U.S.A. (Utah).
    • Type-material: 22 syntype workers.
    • Type-locality: U.S.A.: Utah, nr Salt Lake City, lower portion of Big Cottonwood Canyon, 24.vi.1947 (A.W. Grundmann).
    • Type-depositories: USNM, USUL.
    • Junior synonym of depilis: Cole, 1953h: 266; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 141; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424; Snelling, R.R. & George, 1979: 177; Bolton, 1995b: 82; Ortiz-Sepúlveda, et al. 2019: 492.
  • nanellus. Brachymyrmex nanellus Wheeler, W.M. 1903b: 102, fig. 7b (w.m.) U.S.A. (Texas).
    • Type-material: 12 syntype workers, 1 syntype male.
    • Type-locality: U.S.A.: Texas, Austin, 25.v.1901 (W.M. Wheeler).
    • Type-depository: MCZC.
    • Status as species: Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 569; Santschi, 1923b: 664; Emery, 1925b: 43; Smith, M.R. 1927: 313; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 839.
    • Junior synonym of depilis: Creighton, 1950a: 359; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 141; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1424; Snelling, R.R. & George, 1979: 177; Bolton, 1995b: 82; Ortiz-Sepúlveda, et al. 2019: 492.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Taxonomic Notes

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2019) - Fisher and Cover (2007) suggested that B. depilis may constitute a complex of several species. The material studied here is perhaps to limited to accurately comment on this issue; however, we did not find consistent morphological differences between samples, except perhaps in body size.

Description

Worker

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2019) - Lectotype and paralectotypes (n = 10). HL1 0.47–0.49; HL2 0.33–0.37; HL3 0.10–0.18; HW 0.39–0.45; SL 0.35–0.41; EL 0.08–0.12; WL 0.39–0.51; PnL 0.12–0.20; PnW 0.27–0.33; ML 0.10–0.14; MW 0.20– 0.21; Indices CI 80.00–92.00; SI1 85.71–100.00; SI2 100.00– 117.65; OI1 18.18–30.00; OI1 20.00–36.00. Additional material (n = 10). HL1 0.31–0.50; HL2 0.19–0.35; HL3 0.05–0.14; HW 0.29–0.46; SL 0.27–0.42; EL 0.08–0.10; WL 0.31–0.46; PnL 0.08–0.18; PnW 0.22–0.31; ML 0.07–0.13; MW 0.17– 0.22; Indices CI 88.89–94.74; SI1 85.71–95.74; SI2 110.71– 142.86; OI1 19.57–30.30; OI2 17.14–30.00.

Head. Slightly longer than wide in full face view; posterior cephalic margin slightly concave. Clypeus with a rounded anterior margin and five long, erect hairs of which a single, usually conspicuous hair is near the anterior margin, two hairs are in mediolateral position and two more near the toruli; other hairs on the clypeus are markedly shorter and appressed or decumbent. Toruli surpassing the posterior clypeal margin in oblique anterodorsal view. The scapes are short, usually barely reaching the posterior margin of the head, and never surpassing it by a length that equals the maximal diameter of the eye. Ocelli are absent. Eyes are small and positioned on the cephalic midline; they have 6–8 ommatidia along their maximal diameter.

Mesosoma. Not bearing any erect hairs. The mesonotum is inflated and bulges dorsally above the pronotum in lateral view. Metanotal groove absent or narrower than the diameter of the metathoracic spiracles. Metathoracic spiracles are small, in dorsolateral position, not protruding, but touching the propodeal suture. Dorsum of the propodeum is weakly convex and much shorter than the propodeal slope. Propodeal spiracles are circular, positioned on the posterior propodeal margin at the middle of the propodeal slope. Legs with appressed hairs. Petiole short and inclined forward.

Gaster. With dense pubescence and scattered long erect hairs at the edges of the segments.

Color and sculpture. Body opaque with inconspicuous sculpture. Body yellowish, sometimes with the gaster a bit darker than the mesosoma.

Type Material

Ortiz-Sepulveda et al. (2019) - Lectotype worker (Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa: USNMENT00757228) and paralectotype workers, queen, male (MCSN: USNMENT00757225–00757232; here designated): 37 workers, one queen, ten males [examined]. USA: District of Columbia: Georgetown College, 10 Aug. 1885, leg. Pergrande.

The lectotype is designated here as the worker on pin USNMENT00757229 and the other specimens are paralectotypes.

Etymology

Descriptive. depilis = "without hair"

References

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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