https://antwiki.org/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Lubertazzi&feedformat=atomAntWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T13:40:49ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Formicoxenus_gebaueri&diff=709253Formicoxenus gebaueri2024-03-28T22:14:42Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Nomenclature */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Formicoxenus gebaueri''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Formicoxenus]]''<br />
|species = '''''F. gebaueri'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Formicoxenus gebaueri''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
The type sample was collected below a stone within a ''Picea''-''Pinus'' forest on a slope with rubble. The host species was an undescribed species of the ''Formica'', subgenus ''Serviformica''.<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1 = Xenobiotic<br />
|Link1 = Xenobiosis <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Worker (Figs 14–17, key). Numeric data given are arithmetic means based on measurement of 5 specimens (for standard deviation, minimum and maximum values see Tab. 1). Medium-sized, CS 738 µm.Head elongated, CL/CW 1.253. Genae in dorsal view nearly parallel. Median third of anterior margin of clypeus and hind margin of vertex in dorsal view straight. Frons narrower than in F. sibiricus (FRS/CS 0.432), scape slightly shorter (SL/CS 0.712. Eye very small, EYE/CS 0.164. Dorsal profile of promesonotum and propodeum slightly convex, metanotal depression moderately deep (MGr/CS 2.95 %). Spines rather short and acute (SP/CS 0.153), their bases moderately distant (SPBA/CS 0.289). Petiole with strong anterolateral corners, in profile without peduncle and with a less broad subpetiolar lobe. Postpetiolar sternite with a welldeveloped spine. All surfaces of head, mesosoma, waist and appendages matt due to a reticulate microsculpture. Dorsal vertex strongly longitudinally carinulaterugulose. Gaster smooth and shiny but in contrast to F. sibiricus with subdecumbent to semierect setae. Head, mesosoma, waist, and gaster with long (PnHL/CS 0.128) setae, tapering apicad (Fig. 17) and round in cross-section. Color of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster homogenously yellowish brown.<br />
<br />
As a combination of long, tapering setae, well-developed sculpture on head, mesosoma, waist and appendages and narrower frons, ''Formicoxenus gebaueri'' is unmistakable among the Palaearctic ''Formicoxenus'' species.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=36.8<br />
|south_latitude_limit=36.8<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Seifert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[China]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|gebaueri}}. Formicoxenus gebaueri'' Seifert, 2023: 137, figs. 14-17 (w.) CHINA.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype and 7 paratype workers from the same nest labelled ‘CHINA: 36.82°N, 102.53°E, Beishan Nat. Park, 2600 m, Picea-Pinus-Wald, Geröllhang. A. Gebauer 1996.05.30’<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=''Leptothorax zhengi''<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=China<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
Seifert (2023) described this species using detailed morphometric data (see Table 1 of his study), as explained in the diagnosis of ''F. gebaueri'' (see the identification section on this species page) in comparison with other Palaearctic ''Leptothorax'' and ''Formicoxenus''.<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
<br />
Etymology: dedicated to the collector Axel Gebauer.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. Two new species of Formicoxenus and Leptothorax from Tibet (10.25674@so95iss2id315).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. Two new species of ''Formicoxenus'' Mayr 1855 and ''Leptothorax'' Mayr 1855 from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Soil Organisms 95(2), 129-142]] ({{doi|10.25674/SO95ISS2ID315}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Formicoxenus]][[category:Formicoxenus gebaueri]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Formicoxenus species|gebaueri]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Formicoxenus_nitidulus&diff=709252Formicoxenus nitidulus2024-03-28T22:13:45Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Description */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Formicoxenus nitidulus''<br />
|image = Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173159 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|status = VU<br />
|status_system = IUCN2.3<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Formicoxenus]]''<br />
|species = '''''F. nitidulus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Formicoxenus nitidulus''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Nylander, 1846)<br />
----<br />
[[File:Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173159 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173159 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173159 label 1.jpg|Specimen Label]]<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Leptothorax nitidulus picea]]'' Wasmann, 1906<br />
*''[[Myrmica laeviuscula]]'' Foerster, 1850<br />
}}<br />
A [[Xenobiosis|xenobiont]] that is unique within ''Formicoxenus'' in being able to survive in the nests of at least 11 different ant host species.<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1 = Xenobiotic<br />
|Link1 = Xenobiosis <br />
|Item2 = Ergatoid queen<br />
|Link2 =The Ants Chapter 8 <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Reddish yellow to brown: whole surface of body smooth and shining with scattered acute pale hairs. Antennal club 3 segmented as long as rest of funiculus: propodeal spines short, set horizontally. Length: 2.8-3.4 mm (Collingwood 1979). <br />
<br />
Seifert (2023) - Worker. Numeric data given are arithmetic means based on measurement of 10 specimens (for standard deviation, minimum and maximum values see Tab. 1). Rather small size, CS 642 µm . Head much elongated, CL/CW 1.270. Clypeus extended caudad, semiglobular, in dorsal view with a semicircular anterior margin. Posterior margin of head straight. Frons extremely broad (FRS/CS 0.513). Scape rather short, SL/CS 0.677. Eye small, EYE/CS 0.186, with long setae (Fig. 9). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and propodeum weakly convex, metanotal depression shallow (MGr/CS 1.34 %). Spines rather short (SP/CS 0.143) and not very acute, their bases rather distant (SPBA/CS 0.324). Petiole with strong anterolateral corners, in profile without peduncle and with a broad subpetiolar lobe. Postpetiolar sternite with a well-developed spine. All surfaces of head, mesosoma, waist and appendages smooth and very shiny, sometimes frontal lobes and genae weakly longitudinally carinulate. Gaster glabrous and with very dilute pubescence. Head, mesosoma, waist, scape, femora and tibiae with scattered and short (PnHL/CS 0.077) setae, tapering apicad and round in cross-section. Color variable from light yellowish brown to nearly blackish brown.<br />
<br />
As a combination of smooth and shiny body surfaces, very broad frons, elongated head and extended semiglobular clypeus not to confuse.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Spain to Eastern Siberia. North Italy to latitude 70º N (Collingwood 1979). <br />
<br />
Eurosiberian, temperate-boreal. The very wide host spectrum allows continuous distribution from Scotland and France to Russian Far East. In Fennoscandia up to 70°N, in the Alps ascending to 2300 m. (Seifert, 2023)<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=70.377854<br />
|south_latitude_limit=40.133333<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Austria]], [[Belarus]], [[Belgium]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], [[Iberian Peninsula]], [[Italy]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Poland]], [[Republic of Moldova]], [[Romania]], [[Russian Federation]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spain]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Türkiye]], [[Ukraine]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=32}}<br />
<!--{{Estimated Abundance|count=}}--><br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Collingwood (1979) - This ant occurs only in the nests of ''[[Formica rufa]]'' and allied mound building species. It is ignored by its host among which the [[Xenobiosis|xenobiont]] species moves freely. Individual nests contain only a few individuals, up to about 100, but often several nests are present within one mound of the host. Nests are located in fragments of wood, hollow twigs, bases of old bracken stems and in the earth floor of the ''Formica'' mound. Individuals normally remain concealed within the nests but may wander on the mound surface on warm dull days. It is not known to feed on the ''Formica'' brood but in captivity will destroy ''Leptothorax'' larvae. Males and winged females may be found during July and August. Mating occurring on the surface of the ''Formica'' mound.<br />
<br />
Ergatoid queens (i.e. wingless at emergence) are frequent. Mated egg-layers include dealate queens and ergatoid queens. Workers and sexuals are able to solicit food from wood ants, either directly, or the guest ant climbs up the legs and thorax to the head of a host ant that is engaged in food exchange with another ''Formica'', then steals a little food from the droplet the two ants have between their mandibles.<br />
<br />
===Known Hosts===<br />
''Formicoxenus nitidulus'' is known to occur in the nests of the following species (Wilson 1971; Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007).<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=18em|content=<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica aquilonia''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica aquilonia|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline = yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica exsecta''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica exsecta|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica lugubris''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica lugubris|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica pisarskii''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica pisarskii|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica polyctena''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica polyctena|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica pratensis''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica pratensis|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica rufa''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica rufa|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica truncorum''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica truncorum|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica uralensis''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica uralensis|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Polyergus rufescens''|Associate Taxon Link = Polyergus rufescens|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Wilson 1971; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Tetramorium caespitum''|Associate Taxon Link = Tetramorium caespitum|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Wilson 1971; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===[[Nuptial Flights and Mating|Flight Period]]===<br />
{{FlightMonth<br />
|month= Jul;Aug<br />
|source=antkeeping.info<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Life History Traits===<br />
{{LifeHistoryTraits<br />
|queen_number=monogynous<br />
|queen_number_source=Buschinger & Winter, 1976; Frumhoff & Ward, 1992<br />
|queen_number_notes=functional monogyny<br />
|queen_type=<!--winged or dealate;ergatoid;dichthadiiform;brachypterous;gamergate--><br />
|queen_type_source=<br />
|queen_type_notes=<br />
|male_type=<!--winged;ergatoid;brachypterous--><br />
|male_type_source=<br />
|male_type_notes=<br />
|worker_caste=<!--present;absent--><br />
|worker_caste_source=<br />
|worker_caste_notes=<br />
|worker-produced_males=<!--present;absent--><br />
|worker-produced_males_source=<br />
|worker-produced_males_notes=<br />
|colony_type=<!--monodomous;polydomous;supercolony--><br />
|colony_type_source=<br />
|colony_type_notes=<br />
|mean_colony_size=<br />
|mean_colony_size_source=<br />
|mean_colony_size_notes=<br />
|max_colony_size=<br />
|max_colony_size_source=<br />
|max_colony_size_notes=<br />
|compound_colony_type=<!--free living;dulotic;inquiline;temporary parasite;xenobiotic--><br />
|compound_colony_type_source=<br />
|compound_colony_type_notes=<br />
|colony_founding=<!--claustral independent;non-claustral independent;dependent;facultative dependent;social parasite--><br />
|colony_founding_queen_number=<!--haplometrotic;pleometrotic--><br />
|colony_founding_source=<br />
|colony_founding_notes=<br />
|nest_site=<!--hypogaeic;epigeic;under objects;litter;dead wood;arboreal cavity; arboreal carton;hypogaeic carton;woven leaves;sand;cave;thatch mound--><br />
|nest_site_source=<br />
|nest_site_notes=<br />
|foraging_behaviour=<!--mass recruiter; group hunter; solitary forager; fungus grower; army ant; homopteran tender; tandem recruitment; trunk trail--><br />
|foraging_behaviour_source=<br />
|foraging_behaviour_notes=<br />
|activity_time=<!--diurnal; nocturnal; hypogaeic; crepuscular--><br />
|activity_time_source=<br />
|activity_time_notes=<br />
|diet=<!--generalist predator; generalist; seed harvester; sugar feeder; seed harvester; specialist predator; fungivore--><br />
|diet_source=<br />
|diet_notes=<br />
|invasiveness_status=<!--native; exotic; invasive--><br />
|invasiveness_status_source=<br />
|invasiveness_status_notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Francoeur et al. (1985) described ergatoid queens to have 1-3 ocelli and other traits resembling more or less the winged queens<br />
<br />
===Queen===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 profile 1.jpg<br />
|file3=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 profile 2.jpg<br />
|file4=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file5=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA<br />
|specimencode=casent0173160<br />
|photographer=April Nobile<br />
|photographerid=69<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=queen<br />
|subcaste=alate/dealate<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Male===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0178346 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0178346 profile 2.jpg<br />
|file3=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0178346 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file4=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0178346 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA<br />
|specimencode=casent0178346<br />
|photographer=April Nobile<br />
|photographerid=69<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=male<br />
|subcaste=alate<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|nitidulus}}. Myrmica nitidula'' Nylander, 1846b: 1058 (w.) FINLAND.<br />
**Type-material: holotype worker.<br />
**Type-locality: Finland: Helsingfors (= Helsinki) (''F.W. Maeklin'').<br />
**Type-depository: ZMHF.<br />
**Nylander, 1849: 34 (q.); Mayr, 1855: 419 (m.).<br />
**Combination in ''Formicoxenus'': Mayr, 1855: 418.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''Stenamma westwoodii'': Smith, F. 1871b: 4; André, 1874: 203 (in list); Forel, 1874: 102 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 456.<br />
**Status as species: Nylander, 1849: 34; Foerster, 1850a: 55; Mayr, 1855: 418 (redescription); Nylander, 1856b: 94; Smith, F. 1857b: 40; Smith, F. 1858b: 121; Meinert, 1861: 328; André, 1882c: 273 (in key); André, 1885: 844; Forel, 1886f: 131; Nasonov, 1889: 28; Lameere, 1892: 66; Dalla Torre, 1893: 62; Wasmann, 1894: 162; Emery, 1895c: 271; Ruzsky, 1896: 71; Saunders, E. 1896: 31; Wheeler, W.M. 1900c: 48; Wheeler, W.M. 1901b: 536; Ruzsky, 1902d: 20; Ruzsky, 1902e: 16; Ruzsky, 1905b: 551; Viehmeyer, 1906: 56; Wasmann, 1906: 120; Emery, 1908f: 551; Bondroit, 1910: 499; Stitz, 1914: 66; Forel, 1915d: 18 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 83; Emery, 1916b: 190; Ruzsky, 1916: 6; Escherich, 1917: 325; Bondroit, 1918: 141; Müller, 1921: 48; Soudek, 1922: 31; Müller, 1923b: 99; Emery, 1924d: 265; Ruzsky, 1925a: 289; Ruzsky, 1925b: 45; Betrem, 1926: 218; Stärcke, 1926: 84 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 89; Karavaiev, 1927a: 293; Karavaiev, 1927c: 268 (in key); Lomnicki, 1928: 5; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929a: 30; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 43; Gösswald, 1932: 96; Arnol'di, 1933b: 598 (in key); Karavaiev, 1934: 147 (redescription); Grandi, 1935: 101; Ruzsky, 1936: 93; Holgersen, 1940: 183; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 84 (in key); Holgersen, 1942: 7; Holgersen, 1944: 168; Ruzsky, 1946: 70; van Boven, 1947: 172 (in key); Dlussky, 1963: 191 (in key); Bernard, 1967: 225 (redescription); Kutter, 1968a: 60; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 73; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 132; Collingwood, 1971: 160; Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (in key); Pisarski, 1975: 24; van Boven, 1977: 85; Kutter, 1977c: 144; Arnol’di & Dlussky, 1978: 544 (in key); Collingwood, 1978: 76 (in key); Collingwood, 1979: 78; Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380 (redescription); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 55; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 266 (in key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 58; Radchenko, 1994b: 111 (in key); Bolton. 1995b: 207; Douwes, 1995: 90; Poldi, ''et al''. 1995: 5; Espadaler, 1997b: 29; Gallé, ''et al''. 1998: 215; Czechowski, ''et al''. 2002: 39; Markó & Csösz, 2002: 115; Schulz & Sanetra, 2002: 159; Csösz, & Markó, 2005: 239; Bračko, 2006: 136; Markó, Sipos, ''et al''. 2006: 69; Petrov, 2006: 85 (in key); Bračko, 2007: 17; Seifert, 2007: 230; Radchenko, 2007: 32; Werner & Wiezik, 2007: 140; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007: 231; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 488; Lapeva-Gjonova, ''et al''. 2010: 19; Boer, 2010: 47; Csösz, ''et al''. 2011: 57; Legakis, 2011: 16; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 497; Czechowski, ''et al''. 2012: 125; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 19; Borowiec, L. 2014: 80; Lebas, ''et al''. 2016: 278; Radchenko, 2016: 200; Steiner, ''et al''. 2017: 10; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 45; Seifert, 2018: 198; Werner, ''et al''. 2018: 7.<br />
**Senior synonym of ''laeviuscula'': Mayr, 1855: 418; Nylander, 1856b: 95; Smith, F. 1858b: 121; Dalla Torre, 1893: 63; Ruzsky, 1905b: 551; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 83; Emery, 1924d: 264; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 89; Karavaiev, 1934: 147; Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 2016: 200.<br />
**Senior synonym of ''picea'': Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 2016: 200.<br />
**Material of the ''nomen nudum Myrmica lucidula'' Smith, F. 1857b: 39 referred here by Donisthorpe, 1915d: 83; Emery, 1924d: 265; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 89; Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207.<br />
**Distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine.<br />
**[Note: distribution from Borowiec, L. 2014: 80.]<br />
*''laeviuscula. Myrmica laeviuscula'' Foerster, 1850a: 54 (q.) GERMANY.<br />
**Type-material: holotype queen.<br />
**Type-locality: Germany: Aachen (''A. Foerster'').<br />
**Type-depository: MNHU.<br />
**[Note: depository according to Horn & Kahle, 1935: 78.]<br />
**[Misspelled as ''laeviuscala'' by Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380.]<br />
**Status as species: Schenck, 1852: 132.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''Stenamma westwoodii'': André, 1874: 203 (in list); Forel, 1874: 102 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 456.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''nitidulus'': Mayr, 1855: 418; Nylander, 1856b: 95; Smith, F. 1858b: 121; Dalla Torre, 1893: 63; Ruzsky, 1905b: 551; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 83; Emery, 1924d: 264; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 89; Karavaiev, 1934: 147; Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 2016: 200.<br />
*''picea. Leptothorax nitidulus'' var. ''picea'' Wasmann, 1906: 120 (w.) LUXEMBURG.<br />
**Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).<br />
**Type-locality: Luxemburg: (no further data), in nest of ''Formica pratensis ''(''E. Wasmann'').<br />
**Type-depository: NMLL.<br />
**Subspecies of ''nitidulus'': Emery, 1908f: 552; Bondroit, 1918: 141; Emery, 1924d: 265; Stärcke, 1926: 85 (in key); Ruzsky, 1946: 70.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''nitidulus'': Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 2016: 200.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Seifert (2023) reports the following:<br />
<br />
'''''Myrmica nitidula''''': This species has been described from an ergatoid male from Helsingfors (=Helsinki), leg F.W. Maeklin. Investigated were two syntypes on different pins. The first is labelled ‘H: fors’, ‘W. Nyland.’, ‘Mus. Fenn’, ‘Mus. Zool. H: fors Spec. typ. No. 5072 Myrmica nitidula Nyl.’ and the second one with equal labels except for ‘... Spec. typ. No. 5073...’.<br />
<br />
'''''Myrmica laeviuscula''''': This taxon has been described from Aachen from a gyne. Types are probably lost but the original description clearly indicates a synonymy with ''F. nitidulus''. Foerster already considered a possible synonymy but decided to describe a new species because his gyne had 11 antennal segments whereas Nylander’s ‘worker’ (in fact an ergatoid male!) was reported to have 12 segments.<br />
<br />
'''''Formicoxenus nitidulus'' var. ''picea''''': This taxon was described from Luxembourg as a very dark (nearly blackish brown) color variant found in a nest of ''[[Formica pratensis]]''. The synonymy is obvious.<br />
<br />
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===Description===<br />
Seifert (2023) redescribed this species using detailed morphometric data (see Table 1 of his study), as explained in the diagnosis of ''F. nitidulus'' (see the identification section on this species page) in comparison with other Palaearctic ''Leptothorax'' and ''Formicoxenus''. <br />
<br />
====[[Karyotypes|Karyotype]]====<br />
*{{Karyotype|haploid=15|diploid=|karyotype=|locality=France|notes=|source=Buschinger et al., 1980; Francoeur et al., 1985; Fischer, 1987}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Adams, R.M.M., Wells, R.L. et al. 2020. Interspecific eavesdropping (10.3389@fevo.2020.00024).pdf|Adams, R.M.M., Wells, R.L., Yanoviak, S.P., Frost, C.J., Fox, E.G.P. 2020. Interspecific Eavesdropping on Ant Chemical Communication. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8.]] ({{doi|10.3389/fevo.2020.00024}}).<br />
*Adlerz, G. 1885 ("1884"). Myrmecologiska studier. I. Formicoxenus nitidulus Nyl. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 41(8):43-64. [1885]<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec 2014 Catalogue of ants of Europe.pdf|Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.]]<br />
*[[Media:Buschinger, A. 2009. Social parasitism among ants a review (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 12, 219-235.pdf|Buschinger, A. 2009. Social parasitism among ants: a review (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 12: 219-235.]]<br />
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*Collingwood, C. A. 1979. The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomol. Scand. 8:1-174.<br />
*[[Media:Csosz, S., Bathori, F. et al. 2021. The myrmecofauna of Hungary (10.3390@insects12010078).pdf|Csősz, S., Báthori, F., Gallé, L., Lőrinczi, G., Maák, I., Tartally, A., Kovács, É., Somogyi, A.Á., Markó, B. 2021. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: Survey of ant species with an annotated synonymic inventory. Insects 16;12(1):78]] ({{doi|10.3390/insects12010078}}).<br />
*[[Media:Csosz, S., Marko, B. et al. 2011. The myrmecofauna of Hungary.pdf|Csosz, S., Marko, B., Galle, L. 2011. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: an updated checklist. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7: 55-62.]]<br />
*[[Media:Czechowski, W., Radchenko, A. et al. 2002. The ants of Poland.pdf|Czechowski, W., Radchenko, A., Czechowska, W. 2002. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Poland. MIZ PAS Warsaw.]]<br />
*Czechowski, W.; Czechowska, W. 1999a. New sites in Poland and notes on the biology of socially parasitic ants Formicoxenus nitidulus (Nyl.) and Harpagoxenus sublaevis (Nyl.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Fragmenta Faunistica 42: 1-6 (page 1, record in Poland)<br />
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*Donisthorpe, H. 1915f. British ants, their life-history and classification. Plymouth: Brendon & Son Ltd., xv + 379 pp. (page 83, Material of the nomen nudum lucidula referred here by Donisthorpe.)<br />
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*Francoeur, A.; Loiselle, R.; Buschinger, A. 1985. Biosystématique de la tribu Leptothoracini (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). 1. Le genre Formicoxenus dans la région holarctique. Nat. Can. (Qué.) 112: 343-403 (page 380, Senior synonym of picea)<br />
*[[Media:Kiran, K., Karaman, C. 2020. Additions to the ant fauna of Turkey (10.5252@zoosystema2020v42a18).pdf|Kiran, K., Karaman, C. 2020. Additions to the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoosystema 42(18), 285-329]] ({{doi|10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a18}}).<br />
*Kutter, H. 1977c. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Insecta Helv. Fauna 6: 1-298 (page 144, see also)<br />
*[[Media:Lapeva-Gjonova, A., Antonova, V. 2022. An updated checklist of ants of Bulgaria (10.3897@BDJ.10.e95599).pdf|Lapeva-Gjonova, A., Antonova, V. 2022. An updated checklist of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria, after 130 years of research. Biodiversity Data Journal 10, e95599]] ({{doi|10.3897/bdj.10.e95599}}).<br />
*[[Media:Lenoir, A., Háva, J. et al. 2013. Chemical integration of Thorictus myrmecophilous beetles into Cataglyphis ant nests (10.1016@j.bse.2013.10.002).pdf|Lenoir, A., Háva, J., Hefetz, A., Dahbi, A., Cerdá, X., Boulay, R. 2013. Chemical integration of ''Thorictus'' myrmecophilous beetles into Cataglyphis ant nests. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 51, 335–342]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.bse.2013.10.002}}).<br />
*[[Media:Lenoir, A., D’Ettorre, P. et al. 2001. Chemical ecology and social parasitism in ants (10.1146@annurev.ento.46.1.573).pdf|Lenoir, A., P. D’Ettorre, P., Errard, C., Hefetz, A. 2001. Chemical ecology and social parasitism in ants. Annual Review of Entomology 46: 573–599.]]<br />
*[[Media:Martin, S.J., Jenner, E.A. et al. 2007. Chemical deterrent enables a socially parasitic to invade multiple hosts.pdf|Martin, S.J., Jenner, E.A., Drijfhout, F.P. 2007. Chemical deterrent enables a socially parasitic ant to invade multiple hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274: 2717–2721]] ({{doi|10.1098/rspb.2007.0795}}).<br />
*Mayr, G. 1855. Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver. Wien 5: 273-478 (page 419, male described; page 418, Combination in Formicoxenus, Senior synonym of laeviuscula)<br />
*Nylander, W. 1846b. Additamentum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 2 2: 1041-1062 (page 1058, worker described)<br />
*Nylander, W. 1849 [1848]. Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 3: 25-48 (page 34, queen described)<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. Two new species of Formicoxenus and Leptothorax from Tibet (10.25674@so95iss2id315).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. Two new species of ''Formicoxenus'' Mayr 1855 and ''Leptothorax'' Mayr 1855 from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Soil Organisms 95(2), 129-142]] ({{doi|10.25674/SO95ISS2ID315}}).<br />
*[[Media:Tartally, A., Somogyi, A.A. et al. 2020. Host ant changes of a socially parasitic butterfly (10.3390@insects11090556).pdf|Tartally, A., Somogyi, A.Á., Révész, T., Nash, D.R. 2020. Host ant change of a socially parasitic butterfly (''Phengaris alcon'') through host nest take-over. Insects 11, 556]] ({{doi|10.3390/INSECTS11090556}}).<br />
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*Fowles, A.P. 1996. A provisional checklist of the invertebrates recorded from Wales. 2. Aculeate wasps, bees and ants (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Countryside Council for Wales<br />
*Francoeur, A., R. Loiselle, and A. Buschinger. "Biosystématique de la tribu Leptothoracini (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). 1. Le genre Formicoxenus dans la région holarctique." Naturaliste Canadien (Québec) 112 (1985): 343-403.<br />
*Francois J. 1958. Contribution a l'etude ecologique des Formicides (Insectes, Hymenopteres) de la region Dijonnaise. Travaux du laboratoire de Zoologie et de la Station Aquicole Grimaldi de la Faculte des Sciences de Dijon 25, 39 pages.<br />
*Garcia Garcia F., and A. D. Cuesta-Esgura. 2017. First catalogue of the ants of Burgos province, Spain (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 60: 245–258.<br />
*Grandi G. 1935. Contributi alla conoscenza degli Imenotteri Aculeati. XV. Boll. R. Ist. Entomol. Univ. Studi Bologna 8: 27-121.<br />
*Holgersen H. 1940. Myrmekologiske notiser I. Nor. Entomol. Tidsskr. 5: 183-187.<br />
*Holgersen H. 1942. Ants of northern Norway (Hym., Form.). Tromso Mus. Årsh. 63(2): 1-34.<br />
*Holgersen H. 1943. Ant studies in Rogaland (south-western Norway). Avhandlingar utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. I. Matematisk-Naturvidenskapelig Klasse 1943(7): 1-75.<br />
*Holgersen H. 1944. The ants of Norway (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Nytt Magasin for Naturvidenskapene 84: 165-203.<br />
*IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection<br />
*Jeffery H. G. 1931. The Formicidae (or ants) of the Isle of Wight. Proceedings of the Isle of Wight Natural History and Archaeological Society 2: 125-128. <br />
*Karavaiev V. 1927. Übersicht der Ameisenfauna der Krim nebst einigen Neubeschreibungen. Konowia 5: 281-303.<br />
*Kofler A. 1995. Nachtrag zur Ameisenfauna Osttirols (Tirol, Österreich) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten 1: 14-25.<br />
*Kupianskaia A.N. 1990. Murav'I (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Dal'nego Vostoka SSSR (1989). Vladivostok. 258 pages.<br />
*Kvamme T. 1982. Atlas of the Formicidae of Norway (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Insecta Norvegiae 2: 1-56.<br />
*Lapeva-Gjonova, L., V. Antonova, A. G. Radchenko, and M. Atanasova. "Catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria." ZooKeys 62 (2010): 1-124.<br />
*Lebas C., C. Galkowski, P. Wegnez, X. Espadaler, and R. Blatrix. 2015. The exceptional diversity of ants on mount Coronat (Pyrénées-Orientales), and Temnothorax gredosi(Hymenoptera, Formicidae) new to France. R.A.R.E., T. XXIV (1): 24 33<br />
*Lelej A. S. 2012. Annotated catalogue of the Insects of Russian Far East. Volume 1. Hymenoptera. Dalnauka: Vladivostok. 635 p.<br />
*Lomnicki J. 1928. Spis mrówek Lwowa i okolicy. Ksiegi Pamiatkowej (Lecia Gimn. IV Jana Dlugosza Lwowie) 50: 1-10.<br />
*Maavara V. 1953. Ants of Estonian SSR. ABIKS loodusevaatlejale 10: 1-44.<br />
*Marikovsky P. I. 1979. Ants of the Semireche Desert. [In Russian.]. Alma Ata: Nauka, 263 pp.<br />
*Markó B., B. Sipos, S. Csősz, K. Kiss, I. Boros, and L. Gallé. 2006. A comprehensive list of the ants of Romania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten 9: 65-76.<br />
*Markó B., S. Csősz. 2001: Nine new ant species in the Romanian fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): morphology, biology and distribution. Entomologica Romanica 6: 127-132.<br />
*Martin, S.J., E.A. Jenner and F.P. Drijfhout. 2007. Chemical Deterrent Enables a Socially Parasitic Ant to Invade Multiple Hosts. Proceedings: Biological Sciences 274(1626):2717-2721<br />
*Martínez Ibáñez, M. D.. "Algunos datos sobre malformaciones de hormigas." Actas de las VIII Jornadas de la Asociación Española de Entomología (1986): 1035-1041.<br />
*Müller G. 1921. Due nuove formiche della regione Adriatica. Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. Trieste 27(2): 46-49.<br />
*Müller, G.. "Le formiche della Venezia Guilia e della Dalmazia." Bollettino della Società Adriatica di Scienze Naturali in Trieste 28 (1923): 11-180.<br />
*Neumeyer R., and B. Seifert. 2005. Commented check list of free living ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species of Switzerland. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Suisse 78: 1-17.<br />
*Nielsen M. G. 2011. A check list of Danish ants and proposed common names. Ent. Meddr. 79: 13-18.<br />
*Nylander, W.. "Synopsis des Formicides de France et d'Algérie." Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie (4)5 (1856): 51-109.<br />
*Petal J. M. 1963. Faune des fourmis de la reserve de tourbiere en projet a Rakowskie Bagno pres de Frampol (voivodie de Lublin). Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sk?odowska 58(7): 143-174.<br />
*Petrov I. Z., and C. A. Collingwood. 1992. Survey of the myrmecofauna (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) of Yugoslavia. Archives of Biological Sciences (Belgrade) 44: 79-91.<br />
*Pisarski B. 1982. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea) of Warsaw and Mazovia. Memorabilia Zool. 36: 73-90.<br />
*Punttila P., Y. Haila, and H. Tukia. 1996. Ant communities in taiga clearcuts: habitat effects and species interactions. Ecography 19: 16-28.<br />
*Radchenko A. G. 2007. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the collection of William Nylander. Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw) 50: 27-41.<br />
*Ruzsky M. 1916. On zoological research in Yeniseisk province, work of summer of 1915. Izv. Imp. Tomsk. Univ. 65 (3rd p part: 1-21.<br />
*Rzeszowski K., H. Babik, W. Czechowski, and B. Marko. 2013. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Chelmowa Gora in the Swietokrzyski National Park. Fragmenta Faunistica 56(1): 1-15.<br />
*Saaristo M. I. 1995. Distribution maps of the outdoor myrmicid ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Finland, with notes on their taxonomy and ecology. Entomol. Fennica 6: 153-162.<br />
*Schlick-Steiner B. C., and F. M. Steiner. 1999. Faunistisch-ökologische Untersuchungen an den freilebenden Ameisen (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Wiens. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 3: 9-53.<br />
*Seifert B. 1994. Die freilebenden Ameisenarten Deutschlands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) und Angaben zu deren Taxonomie und Verbreitung. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 67(3): 1-44.<br />
*Seifert B. 1998. Rote Liste der Ameisen. - in: M. Binot, R. Bless, P. Boye, H. Gruttke und P. Pretscher: Rote Liste gefährdeter Tiere Deutschlands. Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1998: 130-133.<br />
*Sellier Y., C. Galkowski, C. Lebas, and P. Wegnez. 2016. Découverte de Temnothorax pardoi (Tinaut, 1987) dans la réserve naturelle nationale du Pinail (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Revue de l’Association Roussillonnaise d’Entomologie 25(2): 106-113.<br />
*Sonnenburg H. 2005. Die Ameisenfauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Niedersachsens und Bremens. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften 7: 377-441.<br />
*Stroo A. 2003. Het ruggengraatloze soortnbeleid. Nieuwsbrief European Invertebrate Survey Nederland 36: 8-14.<br />
*Stumper R. 1953. Etudes myrmecologiques. XI. Fourmis luxembourgeoises. Bulletin Soc. Nat. luxemb. 57: 122-135.<br />
*Tausan I., M. M. Jerpel, I. R. Puscasu, C. Sadeanu, R. E. Brutatu, L. A. Radutiu, and V. Giurescu. 2012. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Sibiu County (Transylvania, Romania). Brukenthal. Acta Musei 7(3): 499-520.<br />
*Vespalainen K., B. Pisarski, R. Kantorek, and K. J. Laine. 1984. Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Inari Lapland. Kevo Notes 7: 115-116.<br />
*Vogrin, V.. "Prilog fauni Hymenoptera - Aculeata Jugoslavije." Zast. Bilja 31(suppl.) (1955): 1-74.<br />
*Wegnez P. 2018. Premières decouvertes de Myrmica bibikoffi Kutter, 1963 et de Ponera testacea Emery, 1895, au Luxembourg (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 154: 263–272.<br />
*Wegnez P., D. Ignace, E. Lommelen, M. Hardy, J. Bogaert, and C. Nilsson. 2015. Redécouverte de Teleutomyrmex schneideriKutter, 1950 dans les Alpes françaises (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 151: 52-57.<br />
*Wegnez P., S. De Greef, C. Degache, D. Ignace, and W. Dekoninck. 2011. Observations recentes de la fourmi Formicoxenus nitidulus (NYLANDER, 1846) en Belgique et en France (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bulletin de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie 20-26.<br />
*Wegnez P., and F. Mourey. 2016. Formica uralensis Ruzsky, 1895 une espèce encore présente en France mais pour combien de temps ? (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 152: 72-80.<br />
*Wegnez P., and M. Fichaux. 2015. Liste actualisee des especes de fourmis repertoriees au Grand-Duche de Luxembourg (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 151: 150-165<br />
*Zhuytszyuan D. 2016. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Nizhne-Svirsky reserve and their environmental features. Master's thesis Saint Petersburg State University.<br />
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<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Formicoxenus]][[category:Formicoxenus nitidulus]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Formicoxenus species|nitidulus]]<br />
[[category:IUCN Red List]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Formicoxenus_sibiricus&diff=709251Formicoxenus sibiricus2024-03-28T21:59:53Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Nomenclature */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Formicoxenus sibiricus''<br />
|status = VU<br />
|status_system = IUCN2.3<br />
|image = Formicoxenus_sibiricus__casent0909066_h_1_high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Formicoxenus]]''<br />
|species = '''''F. sibiricus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Formicoxenus sibiricus''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Forel, 1899)<br />
----<br />
[[File:Formicoxenus_sibiricus__casent0909066_p_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Formicoxenus_sibiricus__casent0909066_d_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Formicoxenus_sibiricus__casent0909066_l_1_high.jpg|Specimen Labels]]<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Formicoxenus orientalis]]'' Dlussky, 1963<br />
*''[[Leptothorax zhengi]]'' Zhou & Chen, 2011<br />
}}<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1 = Xenobiotic<br />
|Link1 = Xenobiosis <br />
}}<br />
Similar to the situation in ''[[Formicoxenus nitidulus]]'', there is obviously no host specificity in this xenobiotic ant. Confirmed host species are ''[[Formica clara]]'' and ''[[Formica pisarskii]]''. The latter host had originally been determined by Dlussky (1963) as ''[[Formica pressilabris]]'' but later he corrected the identification (Dlussky 1964). The mistake becomes already apparent by zoogeography: the site near Dunayevo (52.07°N, 117.06°E) should exclude ''F. pressilabris'' the known range of which does not extend east of 61°E (Seifert & Schultz 2021). (Seifert, 2023)<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - Worker: Numeric data given are arithmetic means based on measurement of 5 specimens (for standard deviation, minimum and maximum values see Tab. 1). Rather small size, CS 676 µm. Head much elongated, CL/CW 1.333. Genae in dorsal view parallel or even slightly diverging frontad. Anterior margin of clypeus in dorsal view semicircular. Occipital margin straight to weakly concave. Frons very broad (FRS/CS 0.478). Scape comparably long, SL/CS 0.737. Eye very small, EYE/CS 0.173, with notable microsetae. Dorsal profile of promesonotum largely linear, propodeum convex, metanotal depression moderately deep (MGr/CS 2.69 %). Spines rather short and acute (SP/CS 0.144), their bases moderately distant (SPBA/CS 0.294). Petiole with strong anterolateral corners, in profile without peduncle and with a broad subpetiolar lobe. Postpetiole narrower than in other species (PpW/CS 0.344), its sternite with a well developed spine. All surfaces of head, mesosoma, waist and appendages matt due to a reticulate microsculpture. Dorsal vertex strongly longitudinally carinulaterugulose. Gaster glabrous and with very dilute pubescence. Head, mesosoma, waist, scape, femora and tibiae with very short (PnHL/CS 0.062) setae, which widen from base to apex, are apically fringed (Fig. 13) and form in cross-section a tridentate star. Color of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster homogenously yellowish brown.<br />
<br />
As a combination of short, blunt and fringed setae with a well-developed sculpture on head, mesosoma, waist and appendages, ''Formicoxenus sibiricus'' is unmistakable.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Southern Central to East Siberia. The three collecting sites with useful geographical data are in the Saur Mountains (47.2933°N 85.6177°E), the Helanshan National Nature Reserve (38.7°N 105.9°E) and Kulinda waterfall near Dunayevo (52.501°N 116.720°E).<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=52.5<br />
|south_latitude_limit=38.7<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Seifert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Russian Federation]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=8}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
===Known Hosts===<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica clara''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica clara|Associate Relationship = xenobiont|Locality =|Source = Seifert, 2023|Notes =|Inline = }}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica pisarskii''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica pisarskii|Associate Relationship = xenobiont|Locality =|Source = Seifert, 2023|Notes =misidentified as ''Formica pressilabris''|Inline = }}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
===Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]===<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Formicoxenus sibiricus casent0909066 d 2 high.jpg<br />
|file2=Formicoxenus sibiricus casent0909066 p 2 high.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=MHNG, Geneva, Switzerland<br />
|specimencode=casent0909066<br />
|photographer=Will Ericson<br />
|photographerid=94<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=worker<br />
|subcaste=<br />
|typestatus=Lectotype of ''Formicoxenus sibiricus''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|sibiricus}}. Leptothorax sibiricus'' Forel, 1899b: 306 (w.) RUSSIA.<br />
**Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 382), 1 paralectotype worker..<br />
**Type-locality:'' ''lectotype'' ''Russia:'' ''eastern'' ''Siberia'' ''(''Nassonow'');'' ''paralectotype'' ''with'' ''same'' ''data.<br />
**Type-depository: MHNG.<br />
**Combination in ''L''. (''Mychothorax''): Ruzsky, 1904a: 288; Emery, 1924d: 262;<br />
**combination in ''Formicoxenus'': Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 382.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''hirticornis'': Ruzsky, 1905b: 622.<br />
**Subspecies of ''hirticornis'': Emery, 1924d: 262; Ruzsky, 1925b: 45.<br />
**Status as species: Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 382 (redescription); Radchenko, 1994b: 111 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 207.<br />
**Senior synonym of ''orientalis'': Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 382; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 1994b: 111.<br />
**Distribution: Russia.<br />
*''orientalis. Formicoxenus orientalis'' Dlussky, 1963: 193, figs. 6, 8 (w.) RUSSIA.<br />
**Type-material: holotype worker, 4 paratype workers.<br />
**Type-locality: holotype Russia: Eastern Transbaikalia, Chita Prov., Sretensk Dist., Dunayevskoye Forestry, Kulinda Creek, 2.ix.1957, from nest of ''Formica pressilabris ''(''G.M. Dlussky''); paratypes with same data.<br />
**Type-depositories: ZMUM (holotype); RASM (paratypes).<br />
**Status as species: Kupyanskaya, 1990: 149.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''sibiricus'': Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 382; Radchenko, 1994b: 111; Bolton, 1995b: 207.<br />
*''zhengi. Leptothorax zhengi'' Zhou & Chen, in Zhou, Peng, et al. 2011: 592, figs. 1-2 (w.) CHINA.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''Formicoxenus sibiricus'': Seifert, 2023: 136.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
'''''Leptothorax sibiricus''''':<br />
*Seifert (2023) [images of type specimen]: Forel (1899) described this taxon from East Siberia without giving a more precise type locality: ‘Sibérie orientale (recu de M. Nassonow).’ Investigated were the images of the lectotype worker, designated by A. Francoeur and labelled ‘L. sibiricus For’, ‘L. sibiricus For Nassonov’, ‘Siberie orient.’, ‘Typus’, ‘LECTOTYPE Formicoxenus sibiricus (FOREL) A.F.-1984’ and ‘ANTWEB CASENT 0909066’. This lectotype fixation was published by Francoeur et al.(1985). Depository: Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, Genève, Switzerland. We have a very good idea of the morphological characters of this species as the images of the type correspond very well to the characters of my own sample from East Kazakhstan on the basis of which the species is re-described below.<br />
<br />
'''''Formicoxenus orientalis''''':<br />
*Seifert (2023) [original description]: Dlussky (1963) described this taxon from East Siberia based on workers collected within a nest of ''[[Formica pressilabris]]''. He gave the data: „Golotyp. 1 rabotschi iz gnezda ''Formica pressilabris''. No 288, 9 IX 1957, Chitinskaya obl., Sretenskij raiyon, Dunayevskoje lesnichestvo, pad’ Kulinda.“ Type-depository: Zoological Museum of Moscow Lomonossov University, Moskva / Russia.<br />
**Dlussky’s description is very detailed and is in no character in disagreement with the re-description of ''Formicoxenus sibiricus'' presented below. This refers to any feature of body shape, sculpture and the characteristic shape of setae.<br />
<br />
'''''Leptothorax zhengi''''':<br />
*Holotype worker, Shatangzi Monitoring Station, Helanshan National Nature Reserve of Inner Mongolia, 29 July 2010, leg. CHEN Zhi-Lin. Paratypes; 3 workers, Shuimogou, Helanshan National Nture Reserve of Inner Mongolia, 26 July 2010, leg. CHEN Zhi-Lin. Specimens deposited in the Insect Collection of Guangxi Normal University and the College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Harbin Normal University, collected by the authors from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province.<br />
*Seifert (2023): Zhou et al. (2011) gave the following collecting data: ‘Holotype locality: Inner Mongolia: Shantangzi Monitoring Station, Helanshan National Nature Reserve, 29 July 2010, leg. Chen Zhi-Lin.’ The type depository was not specified but is possibly the collection of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China. As mean measurements of three type workers in mm can be derived from the data of Zhou et al. (2011) CL = 0.790, CW 0.581 (adapted to the measuring mode used here), SL 0.460, MW 0.385, ML 0.845. This translates into CS 0.686, CL/CW 1.360, SL/CS 0.671, MW/CS 0.560, ML/CS 1.230 (compare with Tab. 1). Even if considering some measuring inaccuracy, these measurements as well as images given in the original description indicate a junior synonymy with ''F. sibiricus''. This refers in particular to the much elongated head, the small eyes, the mesosoma and waist profile with a very broad subpetiolar process and an acute, well-developed spine of postpetiolar sternite, the characteristic sculpture on head, mesosoma and waist, and the short blunt setae on whole body. Hence there is in no character a disagreement with the re-description of ''Formicoxenus sibiricus'' presented below. No data on the circumstances of collecting were given.<br />
<br />
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===Description===<br />
Seifert (2023) redescribed this species using detailed morphometric data (see Table 1 of his study). Some of these details were provided in the diagnosis of ''F. sibiricus'' (see the identification section on this species page) in comparison with other Palaearctic ''Leptothorax'' and ''Formicoxenus''.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Dubovikoff, D.A., Yusupov, Z.M. 2017. Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. 69. Family Formicidae - Ants.pdf|Dubovikoff, D.A., Yusupov, Z.M. 2017. Family Formicidae - Ants. In Belokobylskij S. A. and A. S. Lelej: Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Proceedingss of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 6: 197-210.]]<br />
*Emery, C. 1922c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174B: 95-206 (page 262, Combination in L. (Mychothorax))<br />
*Emery, C. 1922c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174B: 95-206 (page 262, revived from synonymy as variety of hirticornis)<br />
*Forel, A. 1899c. Trois notices myrmécologiques. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 43: 303-310 (page 306, worker described)<br />
*Francoeur, A.; Loiselle, R.; Buschinger, A. 1984. Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Formicoxenus (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). [Abstract.] P. 528 in: XVII International Congress of Entomology. Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, August 20-26, 1984. Abst (page 528, new combination in Formicoxenus)<br />
*Francoeur, A.; Loiselle, R.; Buschinger, A. 1985. Biosystématique de la tribu Leptothoracini (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). 1. Le genre Formicoxenus dans la région holarctique. Nat. Can. (Qué.) 112: 343-403 (page 382, Revived status as species, and senior synonym of orientalis)<br />
*[[Media:Francoeur et al 1985.pdf|Francoeur, A.; Loiselle, R.; Buschinger, A. 1985. Biosystématique de la tribu Leptothoracini (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). 1. Le genre Formicoxenus dans la région holarctique. Nat. Can. (Qué.) 112: 343-403.]] (page 382, Combination in Formicoxenus)<br />
*Ruzsky, M. 1905b. The ants of Russia. (Formicariae Imperii Rossici). Systematics, geography and data on the biology of Russian ants. Part I. Tr. Obshch. Estestvoispyt. Imp. Kazan. Univ. 38(4-6 6: 1-800 (page 622, junior synonym of hirticornis)<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. Two new species of Formicoxenus and Leptothorax from Tibet (10.25674@so95iss2id315).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. Two new species of ''Formicoxenus'' Mayr 1855 and ''Leptothorax'' Mayr 1855 from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Soil Organisms 95(2), 129-142]] ({{doi|10.25674/SO95ISS2ID315}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Formicoxenus]][[category:Formicoxenus sibiricus]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Formicoxenus species|sibiricus]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]<br />
[[category:IUCN Red List]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Formicoxenus_nitidulus&diff=709250Formicoxenus nitidulus2024-03-28T20:39:26Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Formicoxenus nitidulus''<br />
|image = Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173159 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|status = VU<br />
|status_system = IUCN2.3<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Formicoxenus]]''<br />
|species = '''''F. nitidulus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Formicoxenus nitidulus''<br />
|binomial_authority = (Nylander, 1846)<br />
----<br />
[[File:Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173159 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173159 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173159 label 1.jpg|Specimen Label]]<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Leptothorax nitidulus picea]]'' Wasmann, 1906<br />
*''[[Myrmica laeviuscula]]'' Foerster, 1850<br />
}}<br />
A [[Xenobiosis|xenobiont]] that is unique within ''Formicoxenus'' in being able to survive in the nests of at least 11 different ant host species.<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1 = Xenobiotic<br />
|Link1 = Xenobiosis <br />
|Item2 = Ergatoid queen<br />
|Link2 =The Ants Chapter 8 <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Reddish yellow to brown: whole surface of body smooth and shining with scattered acute pale hairs. Antennal club 3 segmented as long as rest of funiculus: propodeal spines short, set horizontally. Length: 2.8-3.4 mm (Collingwood 1979). <br />
<br />
Seifert (2023) - Worker. Numeric data given are arithmetic means based on measurement of 10 specimens (for standard deviation, minimum and maximum values see Tab. 1). Rather small size, CS 642 µm . Head much elongated, CL/CW 1.270. Clypeus extended caudad, semiglobular, in dorsal view with a semicircular anterior margin. Posterior margin of head straight. Frons extremely broad (FRS/CS 0.513). Scape rather short, SL/CS 0.677. Eye small, EYE/CS 0.186, with long setae (Fig. 9). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and propodeum weakly convex, metanotal depression shallow (MGr/CS 1.34 %). Spines rather short (SP/CS 0.143) and not very acute, their bases rather distant (SPBA/CS 0.324). Petiole with strong anterolateral corners, in profile without peduncle and with a broad subpetiolar lobe. Postpetiolar sternite with a well-developed spine. All surfaces of head, mesosoma, waist and appendages smooth and very shiny, sometimes frontal lobes and genae weakly longitudinally carinulate. Gaster glabrous and with very dilute pubescence. Head, mesosoma, waist, scape, femora and tibiae with scattered and short (PnHL/CS 0.077) setae, tapering apicad and round in cross-section. Color variable from light yellowish brown to nearly blackish brown.<br />
<br />
As a combination of smooth and shiny body surfaces, very broad frons, elongated head and extended semiglobular clypeus not to confuse.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Spain to Eastern Siberia. North Italy to latitude 70º N (Collingwood 1979). <br />
<br />
Eurosiberian, temperate-boreal. The very wide host spectrum allows continuous distribution from Scotland and France to Russian Far East. In Fennoscandia up to 70°N, in the Alps ascending to 2300 m. (Seifert, 2023)<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=70.377854<br />
|south_latitude_limit=40.133333<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Austria]], [[Belarus]], [[Belgium]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Croatia]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], [[Iberian Peninsula]], [[Italy]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Poland]], [[Republic of Moldova]], [[Romania]], [[Russian Federation]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spain]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Türkiye]], [[Ukraine]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=32}}<br />
<!--{{Estimated Abundance|count=}}--><br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Collingwood (1979) - This ant occurs only in the nests of ''[[Formica rufa]]'' and allied mound building species. It is ignored by its host among which the [[Xenobiosis|xenobiont]] species moves freely. Individual nests contain only a few individuals, up to about 100, but often several nests are present within one mound of the host. Nests are located in fragments of wood, hollow twigs, bases of old bracken stems and in the earth floor of the ''Formica'' mound. Individuals normally remain concealed within the nests but may wander on the mound surface on warm dull days. It is not known to feed on the ''Formica'' brood but in captivity will destroy ''Leptothorax'' larvae. Males and winged females may be found during July and August. Mating occurring on the surface of the ''Formica'' mound.<br />
<br />
Ergatoid queens (i.e. wingless at emergence) are frequent. Mated egg-layers include dealate queens and ergatoid queens. Workers and sexuals are able to solicit food from wood ants, either directly, or the guest ant climbs up the legs and thorax to the head of a host ant that is engaged in food exchange with another ''Formica'', then steals a little food from the droplet the two ants have between their mandibles.<br />
<br />
===Known Hosts===<br />
''Formicoxenus nitidulus'' is known to occur in the nests of the following species (Wilson 1971; Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007).<br />
{{Div col|colwidth=18em|content=<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica aquilonia''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica aquilonia|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline = yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica exsecta''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica exsecta|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica lugubris''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica lugubris|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica pisarskii''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica pisarskii|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica polyctena''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica polyctena|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica pratensis''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica pratensis|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica rufa''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica rufa|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica truncorum''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica truncorum|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica uralensis''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica uralensis|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Polyergus rufescens''|Associate Taxon Link = Polyergus rufescens|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Wilson 1971; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = xenobiont|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Xenobiosis|Associate Taxon = ''Tetramorium caespitum''|Associate Taxon Link = Tetramorium caespitum|Associate Relationship = host|Locality =|Source = Wilson 1971; Martin et al. 2007|Notes =|Inline =yes}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===[[Nuptial Flights and Mating|Flight Period]]===<br />
{{FlightMonth<br />
|month= Jul;Aug<br />
|source=antkeeping.info<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Life History Traits===<br />
{{LifeHistoryTraits<br />
|queen_number=monogynous<br />
|queen_number_source=Buschinger & Winter, 1976; Frumhoff & Ward, 1992<br />
|queen_number_notes=functional monogyny<br />
|queen_type=<!--winged or dealate;ergatoid;dichthadiiform;brachypterous;gamergate--><br />
|queen_type_source=<br />
|queen_type_notes=<br />
|male_type=<!--winged;ergatoid;brachypterous--><br />
|male_type_source=<br />
|male_type_notes=<br />
|worker_caste=<!--present;absent--><br />
|worker_caste_source=<br />
|worker_caste_notes=<br />
|worker-produced_males=<!--present;absent--><br />
|worker-produced_males_source=<br />
|worker-produced_males_notes=<br />
|colony_type=<!--monodomous;polydomous;supercolony--><br />
|colony_type_source=<br />
|colony_type_notes=<br />
|mean_colony_size=<br />
|mean_colony_size_source=<br />
|mean_colony_size_notes=<br />
|max_colony_size=<br />
|max_colony_size_source=<br />
|max_colony_size_notes=<br />
|compound_colony_type=<!--free living;dulotic;inquiline;temporary parasite;xenobiotic--><br />
|compound_colony_type_source=<br />
|compound_colony_type_notes=<br />
|colony_founding=<!--claustral independent;non-claustral independent;dependent;facultative dependent;social parasite--><br />
|colony_founding_queen_number=<!--haplometrotic;pleometrotic--><br />
|colony_founding_source=<br />
|colony_founding_notes=<br />
|nest_site=<!--hypogaeic;epigeic;under objects;litter;dead wood;arboreal cavity; arboreal carton;hypogaeic carton;woven leaves;sand;cave;thatch mound--><br />
|nest_site_source=<br />
|nest_site_notes=<br />
|foraging_behaviour=<!--mass recruiter; group hunter; solitary forager; fungus grower; army ant; homopteran tender; tandem recruitment; trunk trail--><br />
|foraging_behaviour_source=<br />
|foraging_behaviour_notes=<br />
|activity_time=<!--diurnal; nocturnal; hypogaeic; crepuscular--><br />
|activity_time_source=<br />
|activity_time_notes=<br />
|diet=<!--generalist predator; generalist; seed harvester; sugar feeder; seed harvester; specialist predator; fungivore--><br />
|diet_source=<br />
|diet_notes=<br />
|invasiveness_status=<!--native; exotic; invasive--><br />
|invasiveness_status_source=<br />
|invasiveness_status_notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Francoeur et al. (1985) described ergatoid queens to have 1-3 ocelli and other traits resembling more or less the winged queens<br />
<br />
===Queen===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 profile 1.jpg<br />
|file3=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 profile 2.jpg<br />
|file4=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file5=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0173160 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA<br />
|specimencode=casent0173160<br />
|photographer=April Nobile<br />
|photographerid=69<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=queen<br />
|subcaste=alate/dealate<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
===Male===<br />
====Images from [https://www.antweb.org AntWeb]====<br />
{{SpecimenImage<br />
|file1=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0178346 head 1.jpg<br />
|file2=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0178346 profile 2.jpg<br />
|file3=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0178346 dorsal 1.jpg<br />
|file4=Formicoxenus nitidulus casent0178346 label 1.jpg<br />
|antwebimage=yes<br />
|ownedby=CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA<br />
|specimencode=casent0178346<br />
|photographer=April Nobile<br />
|photographerid=69<br />
|uploader=California Academy of Sciences<br />
|uploaderid=1<br />
|caste=male<br />
|subcaste=alate<br />
|typestatus=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|nitidulus}}. Myrmica nitidula'' Nylander, 1846b: 1058 (w.) FINLAND.<br />
**Type-material: holotype worker.<br />
**Type-locality: Finland: Helsingfors (= Helsinki) (''F.W. Maeklin'').<br />
**Type-depository: ZMHF.<br />
**Nylander, 1849: 34 (q.); Mayr, 1855: 419 (m.).<br />
**Combination in ''Formicoxenus'': Mayr, 1855: 418.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''Stenamma westwoodii'': Smith, F. 1871b: 4; André, 1874: 203 (in list); Forel, 1874: 102 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 456.<br />
**Status as species: Nylander, 1849: 34; Foerster, 1850a: 55; Mayr, 1855: 418 (redescription); Nylander, 1856b: 94; Smith, F. 1857b: 40; Smith, F. 1858b: 121; Meinert, 1861: 328; André, 1882c: 273 (in key); André, 1885: 844; Forel, 1886f: 131; Nasonov, 1889: 28; Lameere, 1892: 66; Dalla Torre, 1893: 62; Wasmann, 1894: 162; Emery, 1895c: 271; Ruzsky, 1896: 71; Saunders, E. 1896: 31; Wheeler, W.M. 1900c: 48; Wheeler, W.M. 1901b: 536; Ruzsky, 1902d: 20; Ruzsky, 1902e: 16; Ruzsky, 1905b: 551; Viehmeyer, 1906: 56; Wasmann, 1906: 120; Emery, 1908f: 551; Bondroit, 1910: 499; Stitz, 1914: 66; Forel, 1915d: 18 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 83; Emery, 1916b: 190; Ruzsky, 1916: 6; Escherich, 1917: 325; Bondroit, 1918: 141; Müller, 1921: 48; Soudek, 1922: 31; Müller, 1923b: 99; Emery, 1924d: 265; Ruzsky, 1925a: 289; Ruzsky, 1925b: 45; Betrem, 1926: 218; Stärcke, 1926: 84 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 89; Karavaiev, 1927a: 293; Karavaiev, 1927c: 268 (in key); Lomnicki, 1928: 5; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929a: 30; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 43; Gösswald, 1932: 96; Arnol'di, 1933b: 598 (in key); Karavaiev, 1934: 147 (redescription); Grandi, 1935: 101; Ruzsky, 1936: 93; Holgersen, 1940: 183; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 84 (in key); Holgersen, 1942: 7; Holgersen, 1944: 168; Ruzsky, 1946: 70; van Boven, 1947: 172 (in key); Dlussky, 1963: 191 (in key); Bernard, 1967: 225 (redescription); Kutter, 1968a: 60; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 73; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 132; Collingwood, 1971: 160; Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (in key); Pisarski, 1975: 24; van Boven, 1977: 85; Kutter, 1977c: 144; Arnol’di & Dlussky, 1978: 544 (in key); Collingwood, 1978: 76 (in key); Collingwood, 1979: 78; Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380 (redescription); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 55; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 266 (in key); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 58; Radchenko, 1994b: 111 (in key); Bolton. 1995b: 207; Douwes, 1995: 90; Poldi, ''et al''. 1995: 5; Espadaler, 1997b: 29; Gallé, ''et al''. 1998: 215; Czechowski, ''et al''. 2002: 39; Markó & Csösz, 2002: 115; Schulz & Sanetra, 2002: 159; Csösz, & Markó, 2005: 239; Bračko, 2006: 136; Markó, Sipos, ''et al''. 2006: 69; Petrov, 2006: 85 (in key); Bračko, 2007: 17; Seifert, 2007: 230; Radchenko, 2007: 32; Werner & Wiezik, 2007: 140; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007: 231; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 488; Lapeva-Gjonova, ''et al''. 2010: 19; Boer, 2010: 47; Csösz, ''et al''. 2011: 57; Legakis, 2011: 16; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 497; Czechowski, ''et al''. 2012: 125; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 19; Borowiec, L. 2014: 80; Lebas, ''et al''. 2016: 278; Radchenko, 2016: 200; Steiner, ''et al''. 2017: 10; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 45; Seifert, 2018: 198; Werner, ''et al''. 2018: 7.<br />
**Senior synonym of ''laeviuscula'': Mayr, 1855: 418; Nylander, 1856b: 95; Smith, F. 1858b: 121; Dalla Torre, 1893: 63; Ruzsky, 1905b: 551; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 83; Emery, 1924d: 264; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 89; Karavaiev, 1934: 147; Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 2016: 200.<br />
**Senior synonym of ''picea'': Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 2016: 200.<br />
**Material of the ''nomen nudum Myrmica lucidula'' Smith, F. 1857b: 39 referred here by Donisthorpe, 1915d: 83; Emery, 1924d: 265; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 89; Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207.<br />
**Distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine.<br />
**[Note: distribution from Borowiec, L. 2014: 80.]<br />
*''laeviuscula. Myrmica laeviuscula'' Foerster, 1850a: 54 (q.) GERMANY.<br />
**Type-material: holotype queen.<br />
**Type-locality: Germany: Aachen (''A. Foerster'').<br />
**Type-depository: MNHU.<br />
**[Note: depository according to Horn & Kahle, 1935: 78.]<br />
**[Misspelled as ''laeviuscala'' by Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380.]<br />
**Status as species: Schenck, 1852: 132.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''Stenamma westwoodii'': André, 1874: 203 (in list); Forel, 1874: 102 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 456.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''nitidulus'': Mayr, 1855: 418; Nylander, 1856b: 95; Smith, F. 1858b: 121; Dalla Torre, 1893: 63; Ruzsky, 1905b: 551; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 83; Emery, 1924d: 264; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 89; Karavaiev, 1934: 147; Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 2016: 200.<br />
*''picea. Leptothorax nitidulus'' var. ''picea'' Wasmann, 1906: 120 (w.) LUXEMBURG.<br />
**Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).<br />
**Type-locality: Luxemburg: (no further data), in nest of ''Formica pratensis ''(''E. Wasmann'').<br />
**Type-depository: NMLL.<br />
**Subspecies of ''nitidulus'': Emery, 1908f: 552; Bondroit, 1918: 141; Emery, 1924d: 265; Stärcke, 1926: 85 (in key); Ruzsky, 1946: 70.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''nitidulus'': Francoeur, Loiselle & Buschinger, 1985: 380; Bolton, 1995b: 207; Radchenko, 2016: 200.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Seifert (2023) reports the following:<br />
<br />
'''''Myrmica nitidula''''': This species has been described from an ergatoid male from Helsingfors (=Helsinki), leg F.W. Maeklin. Investigated were two syntypes on different pins. The first is labelled ‘H: fors’, ‘W. Nyland.’, ‘Mus. Fenn’, ‘Mus. Zool. H: fors Spec. typ. No. 5072 Myrmica nitidula Nyl.’ and the second one with equal labels except for ‘... Spec. typ. No. 5073...’.<br />
<br />
'''''Myrmica laeviuscula''''': This taxon has been described from Aachen from a gyne. Types are probably lost but the original description clearly indicates a synonymy with ''F. nitidulus''. Foerster already considered a possible synonymy but decided to describe a new species because his gyne had 11 antennal segments whereas Nylander’s ‘worker’ (in fact an ergatoid male!) was reported to have 12 segments.<br />
<br />
'''''Formicoxenus nitidulus'' var. ''picea''''': This taxon was described from Luxembourg as a very dark (nearly blackish brown) color variant found in a nest of ''[[Formica pratensis]]''. The synonymy is obvious.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Finland<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
====[[Karyotypes|Karyotype]]====<br />
*{{Karyotype|haploid=15|diploid=|karyotype=|locality=France|notes=|source=Buschinger et al., 1980; Francoeur et al., 1985; Fischer, 1987}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
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*Adlerz, G. 1885 ("1884"). Myrmecologiska studier. I. Formicoxenus nitidulus Nyl. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. Stockholm 41(8):43-64. [1885]<br />
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*[[Media:Buschinger, A. 2009. Social parasitism among ants a review (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 12, 219-235.pdf|Buschinger, A. 2009. Social parasitism among ants: a review (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 12: 219-235.]]<br />
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*Collingwood, C. A. 1979. The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomol. Scand. 8:1-174.<br />
*[[Media:Csosz, S., Bathori, F. et al. 2021. The myrmecofauna of Hungary (10.3390@insects12010078).pdf|Csősz, S., Báthori, F., Gallé, L., Lőrinczi, G., Maák, I., Tartally, A., Kovács, É., Somogyi, A.Á., Markó, B. 2021. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: Survey of ant species with an annotated synonymic inventory. Insects 16;12(1):78]] ({{doi|10.3390/insects12010078}}).<br />
*[[Media:Csosz, S., Marko, B. et al. 2011. The myrmecofauna of Hungary.pdf|Csosz, S., Marko, B., Galle, L. 2011. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: an updated checklist. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7: 55-62.]]<br />
*[[Media:Czechowski, W., Radchenko, A. et al. 2002. The ants of Poland.pdf|Czechowski, W., Radchenko, A., Czechowska, W. 2002. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Poland. MIZ PAS Warsaw.]]<br />
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*[[Media:Dubovikoff, D.A., Yusupov, Z.M. 2017. Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. 69. Family Formicidae - Ants.pdf|Dubovikoff, D.A., Yusupov, Z.M. 2017. Family Formicidae - Ants. In Belokobylskij S. A. and A. S. Lelej: Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Proceedingss of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 6: 197-210.]]<br />
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*[[Media:Kiran, K., Karaman, C. 2020. Additions to the ant fauna of Turkey (10.5252@zoosystema2020v42a18).pdf|Kiran, K., Karaman, C. 2020. Additions to the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoosystema 42(18), 285-329]] ({{doi|10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a18}}).<br />
*Kutter, H. 1977c. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Insecta Helv. Fauna 6: 1-298 (page 144, see also)<br />
*[[Media:Lapeva-Gjonova, A., Antonova, V. 2022. An updated checklist of ants of Bulgaria (10.3897@BDJ.10.e95599).pdf|Lapeva-Gjonova, A., Antonova, V. 2022. An updated checklist of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria, after 130 years of research. Biodiversity Data Journal 10, e95599]] ({{doi|10.3897/bdj.10.e95599}}).<br />
*[[Media:Lenoir, A., Háva, J. et al. 2013. Chemical integration of Thorictus myrmecophilous beetles into Cataglyphis ant nests (10.1016@j.bse.2013.10.002).pdf|Lenoir, A., Háva, J., Hefetz, A., Dahbi, A., Cerdá, X., Boulay, R. 2013. Chemical integration of ''Thorictus'' myrmecophilous beetles into Cataglyphis ant nests. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 51, 335–342]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.bse.2013.10.002}}).<br />
*[[Media:Lenoir, A., D’Ettorre, P. et al. 2001. Chemical ecology and social parasitism in ants (10.1146@annurev.ento.46.1.573).pdf|Lenoir, A., P. D’Ettorre, P., Errard, C., Hefetz, A. 2001. Chemical ecology and social parasitism in ants. Annual Review of Entomology 46: 573–599.]]<br />
*[[Media:Martin, S.J., Jenner, E.A. et al. 2007. Chemical deterrent enables a socially parasitic to invade multiple hosts.pdf|Martin, S.J., Jenner, E.A., Drijfhout, F.P. 2007. Chemical deterrent enables a socially parasitic ant to invade multiple hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274: 2717–2721]] ({{doi|10.1098/rspb.2007.0795}}).<br />
*Mayr, G. 1855. Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ver. Wien 5: 273-478 (page 419, male described; page 418, Combination in Formicoxenus, Senior synonym of laeviuscula)<br />
*Nylander, W. 1846b. Additamentum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 2 2: 1041-1062 (page 1058, worker described)<br />
*Nylander, W. 1849 [1848]. Additamentum alterum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 3: 25-48 (page 34, queen described)<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. Two new species of Formicoxenus and Leptothorax from Tibet (10.25674@so95iss2id315).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. Two new species of ''Formicoxenus'' Mayr 1855 and ''Leptothorax'' Mayr 1855 from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Soil Organisms 95(2), 129-142]] ({{doi|10.25674/SO95ISS2ID315}}).<br />
*[[Media:Tartally, A., Somogyi, A.A. et al. 2020. Host ant changes of a socially parasitic butterfly (10.3390@insects11090556).pdf|Tartally, A., Somogyi, A.Á., Révész, T., Nash, D.R. 2020. Host ant change of a socially parasitic butterfly (''Phengaris alcon'') through host nest take-over. Insects 11, 556]] ({{doi|10.3390/INSECTS11090556}}).<br />
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*Vespalainen K., B. Pisarski, R. Kantorek, and K. J. Laine. 1984. Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Inari Lapland. Kevo Notes 7: 115-116.<br />
*Vogrin, V.. "Prilog fauni Hymenoptera - Aculeata Jugoslavije." Zast. Bilja 31(suppl.) (1955): 1-74.<br />
*Wegnez P. 2018. Premières decouvertes de Myrmica bibikoffi Kutter, 1963 et de Ponera testacea Emery, 1895, au Luxembourg (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 154: 263–272.<br />
*Wegnez P., D. Ignace, E. Lommelen, M. Hardy, J. Bogaert, and C. Nilsson. 2015. Redécouverte de Teleutomyrmex schneideriKutter, 1950 dans les Alpes françaises (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 151: 52-57.<br />
*Wegnez P., S. De Greef, C. Degache, D. Ignace, and W. Dekoninck. 2011. Observations recentes de la fourmi Formicoxenus nitidulus (NYLANDER, 1846) en Belgique et en France (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bulletin de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie 20-26.<br />
*Wegnez P., and F. Mourey. 2016. Formica uralensis Ruzsky, 1895 une espèce encore présente en France mais pour combien de temps ? (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 152: 72-80.<br />
*Wegnez P., and M. Fichaux. 2015. Liste actualisee des especes de fourmis repertoriees au Grand-Duche de Luxembourg (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 151: 150-165<br />
*Zhuytszyuan D. 2016. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Nizhne-Svirsky reserve and their environmental features. Master's thesis Saint Petersburg State University.<br />
*Zryanin V. A., and T. A. Zryanina. 2007. New data on the ant fauna Hymenoptera, Formicidae in the middle Volga River Basin. Uspekhi Sovremennoi Biologii 127(2): 226-240.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Formicoxenus]][[category:Formicoxenus nitidulus]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Formicoxenus species|nitidulus]]<br />
[[category:IUCN Red List]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Eburopone_easoana&diff=709141Eburopone easoana2024-03-26T21:10:04Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Eburopone easoana''<br />
|image = Eburopone easoana F2a.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Dorylinae]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Eburopone]]''<br />
|species = '''''E. easoana'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Eburopone easoana''<br />
|binomial_authority = Yamada, Nguyen & Eguchi, 2023<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The collecting site of the type colony series of ''Eburopone easoana'' is primarily covered with a relatively disturbed secondary evergreen forest. The collector (K. Eguchi) did not record the exact microhabitat and collecting situation of the colony fragment.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 2.jpg<br />
|comment1=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 2. Habitus of ''Eburopone easoana'' worker, holotype, colony Eg17ix19-297. A, head in full-face view. B, habitus in lateral view. C, habitus in dorsal view. Abbreviation: fl – frontal line.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment2=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 3. Cranium morphology of ''Eburopone easoana'' workers, colony Eg17ix19-297, holotype (A–C, E) and nontype (D). A, head in lateral view. B, occipital corners in posterior view. C, anterior part of cranium in ventrofrontal view. D, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photograph of anterior part of cranium in dorsofrontal view, antennae and mandibles removed (left antennal bulbus remains). E, torulo-posttorular complex and parafrontal ridges in posterior vertical view against its posterior face. Black arrows in A and C indicate a weak protrusion on lateroclypeal teeth. Abbreviations: ala – atalar acetabulum; oc – occipital carina; fl – frontal line; lct – lateroclypeal teeth; pfr – parafrontal ridge; tptc – torulo-posttorular complex.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 4.jpg<br />
|comment3=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 4. Cranial venter and mouthparts morphology of ''Eburopone easoana'' workers, colony Eg17ix19-297, nontypes. A, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photograph of cranium in ventral view, mandibles removed. B, transmission light microscopic (TLM) photograph of labrum in frontal view, partly focus-stacked to emphasize lateral labral processes on caudal surface. C, TLM photograph of right maxilla in ventral view, with maxillary palpomeres indicated by black arrows. D, TLM photograph of labium in oblique lateral view, left side, with labial palpomeres indicated by black arrows. Abbreviations: oc – occipital carina; ala – atalar acetabulum; hyt – hypostomal teeth; lbrp – lateral labral process; pgr – postgenal ridge.<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 5.jpg<br />
|comment4=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 5. Mesosoma and abdominal segments II–III morphology of ''Eburopone easoana'' workers, colony Eg17ix19-297, holotype (A, B) and non-type (C, D). A, mesosoma and abdominal segment II–III in lateral view. B, mesosoma and abdominal segment II–III in dorsal view. C, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photograph of pronotomesopleural junction in lateral view. D, SEM photograph of promesonotum in dorsal view. Abbreviations: epp – pleural endophragmal pit; pmns – promesonotal suture.<br />
|size4=450px<br />
|name5=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 6.jpg<br />
|comment5=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 6. Abdominal segments IV–VII morphology of ''Eburopone easoana'' workers, colony Eg17ix19-297, holotype. A, abdominal segments IV–VII in dorsal view. B, abdominal segments IV–VII in ventral view, with the putative glandular patch of poststernite IV indicated by a black arrow. C, cinctus and presclerites of abdominal segment IV in dorsal view. D, abdominal tergite VII (pygidium) in dorsoposterior view.<br />
|size5=450px<br />
|name6=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 7.jpg<br />
|comment6=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 7. Habitus of dealate queens of ''Eburopone easoana'', colony Eg17ix19-297, paratypes (all except D are of the same individual). A, head in full-face view. B, habitus in lateral view. C, habitus in dorsal view. D, abdominal segment IV–VII in ventral view, with the putative glandular patch of poststernite IV indicated by a black arrow.<br />
|size6=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Yamada, Nguyen, and Eguchi (2023) - Body rather bicolored: abdominal segments III–VII distinctively paler-colored than most surfaces of cranium and mesosoma. Frontal line distinct, extending a little beyond mid-length of cranium. Occipital corner in lateral view strongly produced posteriad to form conspicuous angle. Anterior (frontoclypeal) margins of torulo-posttorular complex not forming conspicuous lobes protruding over anterior clypeal margin in full-face view. Mandibles when closed in full-face view forming only a little space between anterior clypeal margin and mandibles. Promesonotal suture faint and inconspicuous. Petiole in dorsal view almost as long as or slightly longer than wide, with weakly convex lateral margins. Subpetiolar process in lateral view rounded lobate, with anterobasal margin weakly emarginate; posteroventral slope gentle, weakly concave. Abdominal segment III in dorsal view subtrapezoidal, strongly wider posteriorly, distinctly wider than long.<br />
<br />
The worker of ''E. easoana' is morphologically easily distinguished from the only other valid congener ''[[Eburopone wroughtoni]]'' from southern Africa by the combination of following characteristics:<br />
#frontal line distinct, extending a little beyond mid-length of cranium<br />
#anterior (frontoclypeal) margins of torulo-posttorular complex not forming conspicuous lobes protruding over anterior clypeal margin in full-face view (anterior clypeal margin evenly weakly concave in full-face view)<br />
#mandibles when closed in full-face view forming only a little space between anterior clypeal margin and mandibles (basal angles nearly reaching center line of cranium when mandibles closed)<br />
#promesonotal suture faint and inconspicuous<br />
#abdominal segment III in dorsal view distinctly wider than long, with lateral margins only feebly convex<br />
<br />
The morphology of workers of ''E. easoana'' is generally consistent with the concept of ''Eburopone'' in Borowiec (2016), except for the number of labial palpomeres. Borowiec (2016) stated that both the maxillary and labial palps of Eburopone are bi-merous in workers. However, ''E. easoana'' has a bi-merous maxillary and tri-merous labial palps (Fig. 4C, D), indicating the inter-specific variation of the character within the genus. According to Borowiec (2016), in dorylines, the labial palps of workers have, as a rule, fewer palpomeres than the maxillary palps of the same individual, except for the New World army ants and ''[[Acanthostichus]]''. Therefore, ''E. easoana'' represents a new exception against this rule. The known palp formula of ''Eburopone'' worker is updated to 2, 2 or 2, 3.<br />
<br />
Borowiec (2016) described the condition of pronotomesopleural junction in ''Eburopone'' workers “pronotomesopleural suture visible as groove but not unfused”. However, the pronotomesopleural junction of the ''E. easoana'' workers can be interpretable as unfused in terms of the absence of sclerotized fusion, since the “groove” between the two sclerites seems membranous (Fig. 5A, C). Based on examination of the specimen images on [antweb.org AntWeb], the pronotomesopleural junction of ''E. wroughtoni'' also seems to be in the same condition.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Photo Gallery |noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 1.jpg<br />
|comment1=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 1. Distribution map of the genus ''Eburopone''. The red dots represent locality data of ''Eburopone'' specimens (including undescribed species) available from AntWeb (2023); the star indicates the type locality of ''E. easoana''.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=13<br />
|south_latitude_limit=13<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source = Yamada et al., 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Oriental Region|Oriental Region]]''': [[Vietnam]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|easoana}}. Eburopone easoana'' Yamada et al., 2023: 6, figs. 2-7 (q.w.) VIETNAM.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype: HL 0.63, HW 0.55, SL 0.31, WL 0.86, DML 0.73, PH 0.31, PW 0.37, MFL 0.43, PTH 0.26, PTL 0.29, PTW 0.28, A3L 0.35, A3W 0.46, A4L 0.58, A4W 0.62, CI 87, SI 50, DMI 43, DMI2 85, LMI 36, MFI 79, LPI 111, DPI 97, DA3I 131, DA4I 107.<br />
<br />
Paratypes (N = 6): HL 0.63–0.65, HW 0.55–0.57, SL 0.31–0.33, WL 0.89–0.92, DML 0.74–0.80, PH 0.32–0.35, PW 0.37–0.40, MFL 0.44–0.47, PTH 0.27–0.29, PTL 0.30–0.33, PTW 0.29–0.32, A3L 0.37–0.43, A3W 0.47–0.51, A4L 0.56–0.64, A4W 0.64–0.66, CI 86–88, SI 48–51, DMI 42–43, DMI2 84–87, LMI 36–38, MFI 80–83, LPI 111–114, DPI 95–98, DA3I 118–130, DA4I 103–112.<br />
<br />
Description. Worker. Body coloration. Body rather bicolored: cranium, mesosoma, and petiole, mostly dark reddish brown; antennae, anterior part of cranium, mandibles, legs, and abdominal segments III–VII paler brownish to yellowish. Pleural endophragmal pit conspicuously blackish.<br />
<br />
Head structure. Cranium in full-face view subrectangular, 1.14–1.17× longer than wide (CI, 86–88), with convex lateral margins; posterior margin widely weakly concave. Occipital corner in lateral view strongly produced posteriad to form conspicuous angle. Occipital carina distinct and completely encircles occiput, forming inconspicuous and slightly undulate carina dorsally and a conspicuous flange lateroventrally. Frontal line distinct, extending a little beyond mid-length of cranium. Torulo-posttorular complex in full-face view arrow-like shaped with narrowed median part; anterior (frontoclypeal) margins not forming conspicuous lobes protruding over anterior clypeal margin in full-face view; maximal width of posterior arrowhead-like part a little shorter than major diameter of antennal socket. Anterior clypeal margin evenly weakly concave in full-face view. Lateroclypeal teeth large, rounded lobate, strongly protruding latero-anteriad to form anteriormost points of cranium, lateroventrally with a weak protrusion. Parafrontal ridges conspicuous and strongly elevated, turning at posteriorly to incompletely surround antennal sockets, and forming well-marginated subtriangular mound-like lobes; its lateral margins evenly rounded arc-like in full-face view; minimal distance from medialmost end of parafrontal ridge to margin of torulo-posttorular complex in full-face view as long as major diameter of antennal socket. Eye and ocelli completely absent. Antenna 12-merous; scape short, just reaching approximately mid-length of cranium when laid backward; antennomere XII distinctively longer than summed length of three preceding antennomeres IX–XI. Mandible subtriangular, with rounded obtuse basal angle and blunt apex, when closed in full-face view forming only a little space between anterior clypeal margin and mandibles (basal angles nearly reaching center line of cranium when mandibles closed); masticatory margin virtually edentate but with a series of feeble inconspicuous denticles. Postgenal ridge externally recognizable as a broad cross-ribbed furrow, ending a little before the level of occipital carina. Hypostomal teeth large and conspicuous with rounded apex in ventral view. Atalar acetabulum strongly produced anterolaterad. Labrum subrectangular with distal margin weakly bilobed with a small median notch; lateral labral process not visible in frontal view, strongly produced distad and truncated tooth-like. Maxillary palps bi-merous; palpomere II elongate, much longer than palpomere I. Labial palps tri-merous; palpomere III distinctly shorter than preceding palpomeres; palpomere II strongly curved basally.<br />
<br />
Mesosomal structure. Mesosoma with evenly and slightly convex dorsum in lateral view; lateral margins in dorsal view almost parallel, weakly and widely compressed laterally around mesopleura. Pronotal flange only weakly marginated posteriorly from collar. Pronotum and mesopleuron unfused in terms of absence of sclerotized fusion, with dorsal part of pronotomesopleural junction apparently connected by a narrow intersegmental membrane. Promesonotal suture inconspicuous, only faintly recognizable as a shallow groove (may be hardly recognizable under normal optical observation, but the weak suture can be recognizable by changing angle of observation or lighting condition). Concavity surrounding pleural endophragmal pit deep and conspicuous. Propodeal declivity only weakly marginate dorsally, almost immarginate laterally; dorsal margin weakly arched anteriad in dorsal view. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum in lateral view blunt, only weakly angulated. Propodeal lobe evenly rounded in lateral view. Pretarsal claws simple without teeth.<br />
<br />
Metasomal structure. Petiole (abdominal segment II) in dorsal view 1.02–1.05× longer than wide (length measured from anterodorsal corner to posterior margin of posterior petiolar peduncle; DPI, 95–98), with weakly convex lateral margins; posterior margin of posterior petiolar peduncle slightly arched anteriad. Dorsal outline of petiole in lateral view roundly convex; anterolateral petiolar carina dorsally protrude to form a stout prominence with acute apex. Subpetiolar process in lateral view rounded lobate, with anterobasal margin weakly emarginate; posteroventral slope gentle, weakly concave. Abdominal segment III in dorsal view subtrapezoidal, strongly wider posteriorly, 1.18–1.31× wider than long (DA3I, 118–131); lateral margins only feebly evenly convex; 1.59–1.62× wider than petiole. Abdominal posttergite III subrectangular in lateral view, with almost vertical anterior face; distinctly larger in height than fused poststernite III. Abdominal segment IV in dorsal view 1.03–1.12× wider than long (DA4I, 103–112), with strongly convex lateral margins. Putative glandular patch near posterior edge of abdominal poststernite IV feebly recognizable as oval pale area contrasted by little darker-colored proximate surrounding (no specialized structure such as gland opening recognizable on the external sternal surface).<br />
<br />
Setation and sculpture. Body setation relatively sparse. Anterolateral surfaces of cranium coarsely longitudinally rugose; other areas of cranium basically smooth except having sparse seta-bearing foveae; posterolateral surfaces very smooth with few setae and sculpturing. Frontal face of labrum reticulate. Proximal face of maxillary stipes mostly smooth. Dorsum of mesosoma and petiole smooth and shiny with sparse seta-bearing foveae; pronotal flange, lateral surfaces of mesosoma and petiole shiny but superficially reticulate-imbricate; propodeal declivity and anterior face of petiole smooth. Abdominal postsclerites III and IV smooth, except sparse seta-bearing foveae. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV almost smooth, with coarse short longitudinal ribs near its anterior margin. Presclerites of abdominal segment IV reticulate-imbricate. Abdominal tergites V–VI largely smooth with superficially imbricate anterior face. Abdominal tergite VII (pygidium) coarsely areolate-reticulate except superficially imbricate anterior face, armed with numerous stout chaetae arranged in two or three irregular oblique-longitudinal rows along each posterolateral margin.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
Largely similar to the worker except for some queen-specific features. Eyes and ocelli large and conspicuous; eyes circular with ~ 20 ommatidia at maximum diameter in lateral view; minimal distance between margins of median and lateral ocellus as long as major diameter of median ocellus; minimal distance between margins of lateral ocelli ~ 2× major diameter of median ocellus. Mesosoma with fully developed flight sclerites and wing basal remnants; pronotum dorsolaterally coarsely foveolate-reticulate; notauli weakly present as coarse groove; parapsidal lines distinct; mesopleuron almost smooth; oblique mesopleural sulcus deep and conspicuous. Petiole in dorsal view almost as long as wide (DPI, 100–101); abdominal segment III in dorsal view 1.15–1.19× wider than long (DA3I, 115–119); abdominal segment IV in dorsal view 1.10–1.12× longer than wide (DA4I, 89–91). Putative glandular patch near posterior edge of abdominal poststernite IV feebly recognizable as in worker.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype. Worker; Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Ea Kar District, Ea So Nature Reserve; 12.9676°N, 108.5230°E, 478 m alt.; 17 Sept. 2019; K. Eguchi leg.; colony code Eg17ix19-297; IEBR.<br />
*Paratypes. 6 workers and 2 dealate queens from the same colony as the holotype; IEBR, MCZC, MHNG, MNHAH.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
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|material=<br />
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|country=Vietnam<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
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|specimenidentifier=<br />
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}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
The specific epithet is named after the type locality, Ea So Nature Reserve: ''easo'' combined with the Latin feminine suffix -''ana'', adjective.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702).pdf|Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D., Eguchi, K. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus ''Eburopone'' Borowiec, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Oriental realm, with description of a new species from Vietnam. ZooKeys 1184, 1–17]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1184.109702}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Dorylinae]][[category:Eburopone]][[category:Eburopone easoana]]<br />
[[category:Dorylinae species]][[category:Eburopone species|easoana]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Eburopone_easoana_F2a.jpg&diff=709140File:Eburopone easoana F2a.jpg2024-03-26T21:08:40Z<p>Lubertazzi: Figure 2A. Holotype.
Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D., Eguchi, K. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus ''Eburopone'' Borowiec, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Oriental realm, with description of a new species from Vietnam. ZooKeys 1184, 1–17 ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1184.109702}}).
category:Eburoponecategory:Eburopone easoana</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Figure 2A. Holotype. <br />
<br />
[[Media:Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702).pdf|Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D., Eguchi, K. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus ''Eburopone'' Borowiec, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Oriental realm, with description of a new species from Vietnam. ZooKeys 1184, 1–17]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1184.109702}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Eburopone]][[category:Eburopone easoana]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Eburopone_easoana&diff=709138Eburopone easoana2024-03-26T21:03:52Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Nomenclature */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Eburopone easoana''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Dorylinae]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Eburopone]]''<br />
|species = '''''E. easoana'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Eburopone easoana''<br />
|binomial_authority = Yamada, Nguyen & Eguchi, 2023<br />
}}<br />
The collecting site of the type colony series of ''Eburopone easoana'' is primarily covered with a relatively disturbed secondary evergreen forest. The collector (K. Eguchi) did not record the exact microhabitat and collecting situation of the colony fragment.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 2.jpg<br />
|comment1=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 2. Habitus of ''Eburopone easoana'' worker, holotype, colony Eg17ix19-297. A, head in full-face view. B, habitus in lateral view. C, habitus in dorsal view. Abbreviation: fl – frontal line.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment2=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 3. Cranium morphology of ''Eburopone easoana'' workers, colony Eg17ix19-297, holotype (A–C, E) and nontype (D). A, head in lateral view. B, occipital corners in posterior view. C, anterior part of cranium in ventrofrontal view. D, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photograph of anterior part of cranium in dorsofrontal view, antennae and mandibles removed (left antennal bulbus remains). E, torulo-posttorular complex and parafrontal ridges in posterior vertical view against its posterior face. Black arrows in A and C indicate a weak protrusion on lateroclypeal teeth. Abbreviations: ala – atalar acetabulum; oc – occipital carina; fl – frontal line; lct – lateroclypeal teeth; pfr – parafrontal ridge; tptc – torulo-posttorular complex.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 4.jpg<br />
|comment3=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 4. Cranial venter and mouthparts morphology of ''Eburopone easoana'' workers, colony Eg17ix19-297, nontypes. A, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photograph of cranium in ventral view, mandibles removed. B, transmission light microscopic (TLM) photograph of labrum in frontal view, partly focus-stacked to emphasize lateral labral processes on caudal surface. C, TLM photograph of right maxilla in ventral view, with maxillary palpomeres indicated by black arrows. D, TLM photograph of labium in oblique lateral view, left side, with labial palpomeres indicated by black arrows. Abbreviations: oc – occipital carina; ala – atalar acetabulum; hyt – hypostomal teeth; lbrp – lateral labral process; pgr – postgenal ridge.<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 5.jpg<br />
|comment4=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 5. Mesosoma and abdominal segments II–III morphology of ''Eburopone easoana'' workers, colony Eg17ix19-297, holotype (A, B) and non-type (C, D). A, mesosoma and abdominal segment II–III in lateral view. B, mesosoma and abdominal segment II–III in dorsal view. C, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photograph of pronotomesopleural junction in lateral view. D, SEM photograph of promesonotum in dorsal view. Abbreviations: epp – pleural endophragmal pit; pmns – promesonotal suture.<br />
|size4=450px<br />
|name5=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 6.jpg<br />
|comment5=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 6. Abdominal segments IV–VII morphology of ''Eburopone easoana'' workers, colony Eg17ix19-297, holotype. A, abdominal segments IV–VII in dorsal view. B, abdominal segments IV–VII in ventral view, with the putative glandular patch of poststernite IV indicated by a black arrow. C, cinctus and presclerites of abdominal segment IV in dorsal view. D, abdominal tergite VII (pygidium) in dorsoposterior view.<br />
|size5=450px<br />
|name6=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 7.jpg<br />
|comment6=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 7. Habitus of dealate queens of ''Eburopone easoana'', colony Eg17ix19-297, paratypes (all except D are of the same individual). A, head in full-face view. B, habitus in lateral view. C, habitus in dorsal view. D, abdominal segment IV–VII in ventral view, with the putative glandular patch of poststernite IV indicated by a black arrow.<br />
|size6=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Body rather bicolored: abdominal segments III–VII distinctively paler-colored than most surfaces of cranium and mesosoma. Frontal line distinct, extending a little beyond mid-length of cranium. Occipital corner in lateral view strongly produced posteriad to form conspicuous angle. Anterior (frontoclypeal) margins of torulo-posttorular complex not forming conspicuous lobes protruding over anterior clypeal margin in full-face view. Mandibles when closed in full-face view forming only a little space between anterior clypeal margin and mandibles. Promesonotal suture faint and inconspicuous. Petiole in dorsal view almost as long as or slightly longer than wide, with weakly convex lateral margins. Subpetiolar process in lateral view rounded lobate, with anterobasal margin weakly emarginate; posteroventral slope gentle, weakly concave. Abdominal segment III in dorsal view subtrapezoidal, strongly wider posteriorly, distinctly wider than long.<br />
<br />
The worker of ''E. easoana' is morphologically easily distinguished from the only other valid congener ''[[Eburopone wroughtoni]]'' from southern Africa by the combination of following characteristics:<br />
#frontal line distinct, extending a little beyond mid-length of cranium<br />
#anterior (frontoclypeal) margins of torulo-posttorular complex not forming conspicuous lobes protruding over anterior clypeal margin in full-face view (anterior clypeal margin evenly weakly concave in full-face view)<br />
#mandibles when closed in full-face view forming only a little space between anterior clypeal margin and mandibles (basal angles nearly reaching center line of cranium when mandibles closed)<br />
#promesonotal suture faint and inconspicuous<br />
#abdominal segment III in dorsal view distinctly wider than long, with lateral margins only feebly convex<br />
<br />
The morphology of workers of ''E. easoana'' is generally consistent with the concept of ''Eburopone'' in Borowiec (2016), except for the number of labial palpomeres. Borowiec (2016) stated that both the maxillary and labial palps of Eburopone are bi-merous in workers. However, ''E. easoana'' has a bi-merous maxillary and tri-merous labial palps (Fig. 4C, D), indicating the inter-specific variation of the character within the genus. According to Borowiec (2016), in dorylines, the labial palps of workers have, as a rule, fewer palpomeres than the maxillary palps of the same individual, except for the New World army ants and ''[[Acanthostichus]]''. Therefore, ''E. easoana'' represents a new exception against this rule. The known palp formula of ''Eburopone'' worker is updated to 2, 2 or 2, 3.<br />
<br />
Borowiec (2016) described the condition of pronotomesopleural junction in ''Eburopone'' workers “pronotomesopleural suture visible as groove but not unfused”. However, the pronotomesopleural junction of the ''E. easoana'' workers can be interpretable as unfused in terms of the absence of sclerotized fusion, since the “groove” between the two sclerites seems membranous (Fig. 5A, C). Based on examination of the specimen images on [antweb.org AntWeb], the pronotomesopleural junction of ''E. wroughtoni'' also seems to be in the same condition.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Photo Gallery |noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702), Fig. 1.jpg<br />
|comment1=Yamada et al. (2023), Figure 1. Distribution map of the genus ''Eburopone''. The red dots represent locality data of ''Eburopone'' specimens (including undescribed species) available from AntWeb (2023); the star indicates the type locality of ''E. easoana''.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=13<br />
|south_latitude_limit=13<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source = Yamada et al., 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Oriental Region|Oriental Region]]''': [[Vietnam]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|easoana}}. Eburopone easoana'' Yamada et al., 2023: 6, figs. 2-7 (q.w.) VIETNAM.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype: HL 0.63, HW 0.55, SL 0.31, WL 0.86, DML 0.73, PH 0.31, PW 0.37, MFL 0.43, PTH 0.26, PTL 0.29, PTW 0.28, A3L 0.35, A3W 0.46, A4L 0.58, A4W 0.62, CI 87, SI 50, DMI 43, DMI2 85, LMI 36, MFI 79, LPI 111, DPI 97, DA3I 131, DA4I 107.<br />
<br />
Paratypes (N = 6): HL 0.63–0.65, HW 0.55–0.57, SL 0.31–0.33, WL 0.89–0.92, DML 0.74–0.80, PH 0.32–0.35, PW 0.37–0.40, MFL 0.44–0.47, PTH 0.27–0.29, PTL 0.30–0.33, PTW 0.29–0.32, A3L 0.37–0.43, A3W 0.47–0.51, A4L 0.56–0.64, A4W 0.64–0.66, CI 86–88, SI 48–51, DMI 42–43, DMI2 84–87, LMI 36–38, MFI 80–83, LPI 111–114, DPI 95–98, DA3I 118–130, DA4I 103–112.<br />
<br />
Description. Worker. Body coloration. Body rather bicolored: cranium, mesosoma, and petiole, mostly dark reddish brown; antennae, anterior part of cranium, mandibles, legs, and abdominal segments III–VII paler brownish to yellowish. Pleural endophragmal pit conspicuously blackish.<br />
<br />
Head structure. Cranium in full-face view subrectangular, 1.14–1.17× longer than wide (CI, 86–88), with convex lateral margins; posterior margin widely weakly concave. Occipital corner in lateral view strongly produced posteriad to form conspicuous angle. Occipital carina distinct and completely encircles occiput, forming inconspicuous and slightly undulate carina dorsally and a conspicuous flange lateroventrally. Frontal line distinct, extending a little beyond mid-length of cranium. Torulo-posttorular complex in full-face view arrow-like shaped with narrowed median part; anterior (frontoclypeal) margins not forming conspicuous lobes protruding over anterior clypeal margin in full-face view; maximal width of posterior arrowhead-like part a little shorter than major diameter of antennal socket. Anterior clypeal margin evenly weakly concave in full-face view. Lateroclypeal teeth large, rounded lobate, strongly protruding latero-anteriad to form anteriormost points of cranium, lateroventrally with a weak protrusion. Parafrontal ridges conspicuous and strongly elevated, turning at posteriorly to incompletely surround antennal sockets, and forming well-marginated subtriangular mound-like lobes; its lateral margins evenly rounded arc-like in full-face view; minimal distance from medialmost end of parafrontal ridge to margin of torulo-posttorular complex in full-face view as long as major diameter of antennal socket. Eye and ocelli completely absent. Antenna 12-merous; scape short, just reaching approximately mid-length of cranium when laid backward; antennomere XII distinctively longer than summed length of three preceding antennomeres IX–XI. Mandible subtriangular, with rounded obtuse basal angle and blunt apex, when closed in full-face view forming only a little space between anterior clypeal margin and mandibles (basal angles nearly reaching center line of cranium when mandibles closed); masticatory margin virtually edentate but with a series of feeble inconspicuous denticles. Postgenal ridge externally recognizable as a broad cross-ribbed furrow, ending a little before the level of occipital carina. Hypostomal teeth large and conspicuous with rounded apex in ventral view. Atalar acetabulum strongly produced anterolaterad. Labrum subrectangular with distal margin weakly bilobed with a small median notch; lateral labral process not visible in frontal view, strongly produced distad and truncated tooth-like. Maxillary palps bi-merous; palpomere II elongate, much longer than palpomere I. Labial palps tri-merous; palpomere III distinctly shorter than preceding palpomeres; palpomere II strongly curved basally.<br />
<br />
Mesosomal structure. Mesosoma with evenly and slightly convex dorsum in lateral view; lateral margins in dorsal view almost parallel, weakly and widely compressed laterally around mesopleura. Pronotal flange only weakly marginated posteriorly from collar. Pronotum and mesopleuron unfused in terms of absence of sclerotized fusion, with dorsal part of pronotomesopleural junction apparently connected by a narrow intersegmental membrane. Promesonotal suture inconspicuous, only faintly recognizable as a shallow groove (may be hardly recognizable under normal optical observation, but the weak suture can be recognizable by changing angle of observation or lighting condition). Concavity surrounding pleural endophragmal pit deep and conspicuous. Propodeal declivity only weakly marginate dorsally, almost immarginate laterally; dorsal margin weakly arched anteriad in dorsal view. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum in lateral view blunt, only weakly angulated. Propodeal lobe evenly rounded in lateral view. Pretarsal claws simple without teeth.<br />
<br />
Metasomal structure. Petiole (abdominal segment II) in dorsal view 1.02–1.05× longer than wide (length measured from anterodorsal corner to posterior margin of posterior petiolar peduncle; DPI, 95–98), with weakly convex lateral margins; posterior margin of posterior petiolar peduncle slightly arched anteriad. Dorsal outline of petiole in lateral view roundly convex; anterolateral petiolar carina dorsally protrude to form a stout prominence with acute apex. Subpetiolar process in lateral view rounded lobate, with anterobasal margin weakly emarginate; posteroventral slope gentle, weakly concave. Abdominal segment III in dorsal view subtrapezoidal, strongly wider posteriorly, 1.18–1.31× wider than long (DA3I, 118–131); lateral margins only feebly evenly convex; 1.59–1.62× wider than petiole. Abdominal posttergite III subrectangular in lateral view, with almost vertical anterior face; distinctly larger in height than fused poststernite III. Abdominal segment IV in dorsal view 1.03–1.12× wider than long (DA4I, 103–112), with strongly convex lateral margins. Putative glandular patch near posterior edge of abdominal poststernite IV feebly recognizable as oval pale area contrasted by little darker-colored proximate surrounding (no specialized structure such as gland opening recognizable on the external sternal surface).<br />
<br />
Setation and sculpture. Body setation relatively sparse. Anterolateral surfaces of cranium coarsely longitudinally rugose; other areas of cranium basically smooth except having sparse seta-bearing foveae; posterolateral surfaces very smooth with few setae and sculpturing. Frontal face of labrum reticulate. Proximal face of maxillary stipes mostly smooth. Dorsum of mesosoma and petiole smooth and shiny with sparse seta-bearing foveae; pronotal flange, lateral surfaces of mesosoma and petiole shiny but superficially reticulate-imbricate; propodeal declivity and anterior face of petiole smooth. Abdominal postsclerites III and IV smooth, except sparse seta-bearing foveae. Cinctus of abdominal segment IV almost smooth, with coarse short longitudinal ribs near its anterior margin. Presclerites of abdominal segment IV reticulate-imbricate. Abdominal tergites V–VI largely smooth with superficially imbricate anterior face. Abdominal tergite VII (pygidium) coarsely areolate-reticulate except superficially imbricate anterior face, armed with numerous stout chaetae arranged in two or three irregular oblique-longitudinal rows along each posterolateral margin.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
Largely similar to the worker except for some queen-specific features. Eyes and ocelli large and conspicuous; eyes circular with ~ 20 ommatidia at maximum diameter in lateral view; minimal distance between margins of median and lateral ocellus as long as major diameter of median ocellus; minimal distance between margins of lateral ocelli ~ 2× major diameter of median ocellus. Mesosoma with fully developed flight sclerites and wing basal remnants; pronotum dorsolaterally coarsely foveolate-reticulate; notauli weakly present as coarse groove; parapsidal lines distinct; mesopleuron almost smooth; oblique mesopleural sulcus deep and conspicuous. Petiole in dorsal view almost as long as wide (DPI, 100–101); abdominal segment III in dorsal view 1.15–1.19× wider than long (DA3I, 115–119); abdominal segment IV in dorsal view 1.10–1.12× longer than wide (DA4I, 89–91). Putative glandular patch near posterior edge of abdominal poststernite IV feebly recognizable as in worker.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype. Worker; Vietnam, Dak Lak Province, Ea Kar District, Ea So Nature Reserve; 12.9676°N, 108.5230°E, 478 m alt.; 17 Sept. 2019; K. Eguchi leg.; colony code Eg17ix19-297; IEBR.<br />
*Paratypes. 6 workers and 2 dealate queens from the same colony as the holotype; IEBR, MCZC, MHNG, MNHAH.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
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|country=Vietnam<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
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--><br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
The specific epithet is named after the type locality, Ea So Nature Reserve: ''easo'' combined with the Latin feminine suffix -''ana'', adjective.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702).pdf|Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D., Eguchi, K. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus ''Eburopone'' Borowiec, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Oriental realm, with description of a new species from Vietnam. ZooKeys 1184, 1–17]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1184.109702}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Dorylinae]][[category:Eburopone]][[category:Eburopone easoana]]<br />
[[category:Dorylinae species]][[category:Eburopone species|easoana]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_doryline_genera_of_the_Oriental_realm&diff=709137Key to doryline genera of the Oriental realm2024-03-26T20:55:49Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>The following key is modified from Yamada et al. (2023) and is based on the generic descriptions and global key to genera of [[Dorylinae]] by Borowiec (2016).<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*Abdominal tergite VII (last visible tergite, pygidium), not armed with numerous differentiated stout chaetae (“peg-like setae”), at most with only a few pairs of cuticular projections (Figures A, B) [[#2|.....2]]<br />
*Abdominal tergite VII armed with numerous stout chaetae (Figure C) [[#3|.....3]]<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Bor16_1.jpg|thumb|650px|Borowiec 2016]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==2==<br />
{{Return to|1}}<br />
*Abdominal segment III forms differentiated “postpetiole”, narrowly attached to segment IV (Figure A)..... ''[[Aenictus]]''<br />
*Abdominal segment III not differentiated and broadly attached to segment IV (Figure B)..... ''[[Dorylus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Bor16_4.jpg|thumb|650px|Borowiec 2016]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==3==<br />
{{Return to|1}}<br />
*Abdominal segment III broadly attached to segment IV, without a conspicuous anterior constriction of segment IV (Figure A)..... ''[[Yunodorylus]]''<br />
*Abdominal segment III at least weakly differentiated from segment IV, with a conspicuous anterior constriction of segment IV (Figure B) [[#4|.....4]]<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Bor16_11.jpg|thumb|650px|Borowiec 2016]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==4==<br />
{{Return to|3}}<br />
*Meso- and metatibiae each with two spurs (Figure A); most body surface with prominent costate sculpture<br />
''[[Chrysapace]]''<br />
*Mesotibiae with a single spur (Figure B) or without spurs (Figure C) and metatibiae always with a single spur [[#5|.....5]]<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Bor16_12.jpg|thumb|650px|Borowiec 2016]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==5==<br />
{{Return to|4}}<br />
*Mesotibiae without spurs..... ''[[Simopone]]''<br />
*Mesotibiae with a single spur [[#6|.....6]]<br />
<br />
==6==<br />
{{Return to|5}}<br />
*Petiole (abdominal segment II) dorsolaterally marginate at least in anterior portion (Figure B); metacoxae usually with a conspicuously lamellate posterior flange (Figure D)..... ''[[Lioponera]]''<br />
*Petiole (abdominal segment II) not conspicuously dorsolaterally marginate (Figure C); if petiole appearing marginate, metacoxae without a conspicuously lamellate posterior flange (Figure E) [[#7|.....7]]<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Bor16_18.jpg|thumb|550px|Borowiec 2016]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==7==<br />
{{Return to|6}}<br />
*Pronotum and mesopleuron completely fused, never with a deep cut of pronotomesopleural junction (Figures A, B) [[#8|.....8]]<br />
*Pronotum and mesopleuron unfused, with a deep cut of pronotomesopleural junction (Figures C, D) [[#9|.....9]]<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Bor16_19.jpg|thumb|550px|Borowiec 2016]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==8==<br />
{{Return to|7}}<br />
*Constrictions present at anterior end of abdominal segments V and VI (Figure A)..... ''[[Zasphinctus]]''<br />
*Constrictions absent at anterior end of abdominal segments V and VI (Figure B)..... ''[[Parasyscia]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Bor16_23.jpg|thumb|650px|Borowiec 2016]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==9==<br />
{{Return to|7}}<br />
*Constrictions present at anterior end of abdominal segments V and VI (similar to couplet 8, Figure A) ..... ''[[Eusphinctus]]''<br />
*Constrictions absent at anterior end of abdominal segments V and VI (similar to couplet 8, Figure B) [[#10|.....10]]<br />
<br />
==10==<br />
{{Return to|9}}<br />
*Antennae 12-merous [[#11|.....11]]<br />
*Antennae 8- to 11-merous [[#12|.....12]]<br />
<br />
==11==<br />
{{Return to|10}}<br />
*Eyes conspicuous with more than 20 ommatidia; abdominal sternite IV normal without a whitish patch near the posterior edge..... ''[[Cerapachys]]''<br />
*Eyes absent or perhaps vestigial with at most several weakly differentiated ommatidia; abdominal sternite IV with a unique whitish patch near the posterior edge (may be feeble)..... ''[[Eburopone]]''<br />
<br />
==12==<br />
{{Return to|10}}<br />
*Abdominal tergite IV in lateral view folding over sternite IV and the anterior portion of sternite at least partly obscured (Figure B); abdominal segment III relatively wide in dorsal view and larger than the preceding abdominal segment II (petiole)..... ''[[Syscia]]''<br />
*Abdominal tergite IV not folding over sternite IV and the anterior portion of the sternite visible (Figure A); abdominal segment III relatively narrow in dorsal view and similar in size to the preceding abdominal segment II (petiole)..... ''[[Ooceraea]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Bor16_28.jpg|thumb|650px|Borowiec 2016]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Borowiec, M.L. 2016. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys. 608:1–280. '''doi:[http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.608.9427 10.3897/zookeys.608.9427]'''<br />
*[[Media:Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D. et al. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm (10.3897@zookeys.1184.109702).pdf|Yamada, A., Nguyen, D.D., Eguchi, K. 2023. First discovery of the ant genus ''Eburopone'' Borowiec, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Oriental realm, with description of a new species from Vietnam. ZooKeys 1184, 1–17]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.1184.109702}}).<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Dorylinae]][[category:Key to genera|Dorylinae]][[Category:Dorylinae]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Keys_to_Oriental_Region_Leptogenys_chinensis_group_species&diff=709136Keys to Oriental Region Leptogenys chinensis group species2024-03-26T20:52:51Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>Based on Wachkoo et al. (2018) and modified from Xu & He (2015)<br />
<br />
''Leptogenys chinensis'' forms a species group with closely related species having little morphological changes Wilson (1958), Sarnat and Economo (2012). From the Oriental region, there are currently 9 species belonging to the ''L. chinensis'' group. The group is diagnosed by having edentate masticatory margin of the mandible, smooth body surface, elongate antennae and metallic green cuticle.<br />
<br />
*''[[Leptogenys]]''<br />
*[[China|Ants of China]]<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*Petiolar node strongly elongate in lateral view, about 1.5 times as long as high. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiolar node moderately to weakly elongate in lateral view, less than 1.2 times as long as high. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Antennal scape relatively shorter, surpassing posterior head corner by about two fifths of its length. Petiolar node elongate trapezoidal in lateral view, with very short but distinct anterior margin. Body colour reddish-brown. Relatively smaller species with total length 6.5-7.0 mm . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys assamensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_assamensis__casent0902617_h_1_high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_assamensis__casent0902617_p_1_high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Antennal scape very long, surpassing posterior head corner by half of its length. Petiolar node triangular in lateral view, without anterior margin. Body colour black. Large species with total length 13.0-13.5 mm. . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys pangui]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys pangui.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]] <br />
*Petiolar node moderately elongate, as long as high or distinctly longer than high in lateral view. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiolar node weakly elongate, distinctly higher than long in lateral view, about 1.3-1.4 times as high as long. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]] <br />
*Clypeus truncated at apex. Larger species with total length 8-11 mm. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Clypeus convex at apex. Smaller species with total length 4.5-7.0 mm. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Anterior clypeal margin distinctly laterally sinusoid; propodeal declivity transversely striate. . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys chinensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_chinensis__casent0270544_h_1_high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_chinensis__casent0270544_p_1_high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Anterolateral clypeal margin, smooth; propodeal declivity smooth and shiny, without transverse striations. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#5 |couplet #5]] <br />
*Gena smooth and shiny, without longitudinal rugae and third antennal segment slightly more than 2× the length of second segment . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys bhartii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys bhartii F1a.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys bhartii F1b.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Gena longitudinally rugulose and opaque and third antennal segment distinctly less than 2× the length of second segment. . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys kraepelini]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_kraepelini__casent0281936_h_1_high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_kraepelini__casent0281936_p_1_high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]] <br />
*Petiolar node distinctly longer than high in lateral view. Sides of mesothorax, metathorax and propodeum mostly smooth and shiny. Body colour black. Relatively larger species with total length 5.9-6.3 mm. . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys peuqueti]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_peuqueti__casent0281935_h_1_high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_peuqueti__casent0281935_p_1_high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node as high as long in lateral view. Sides of mesothorax, metathorax and propodeum mostly irregularly rugose and opaque. Body colour black, gaster blackish-brown. Relatively smaller species with total length 4.5 mm. . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys confucii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_confucii_focol0353_h_1_high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys_confucii_focol0353_p_1_high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*Clypeus truncated at apex. Eyes relatively smaller and occupying one fourth of head side. Petiolar node relatively longer in lateral view, about 1.3 times as high as long, dorsal margin distinctly longer than anterior margin, anterodorsal corner a rounded obtuse angle, the node obviously longer than broad in dorsal view. . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys laeviterga]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Zhou et al. 2012 Leptogenys laeviterga.jpg|thumb|350px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Clypeus pointed and strongly convex at apex. Eyes larger and occupying one third of head side. Petiolar node relatively higher in lateral view, about 1.4 times as high as long, dorsal margin as long as anterior margin, anterodorsal corner a rounded right angle, the node as broad as long in dorsal view. . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys sunzii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys sunzii h.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys sunzii p.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Wachkoo, A.A., Maqbool, A. et al. 2018. A new species of the ant genus Leptogenys from India.pdf|Wachkoo, A.A., Maqbool, A., Akbar, S.A., Sharaf, M.R. 2018. A new species of the ant genus ''Leptogenys'' Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from India. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e25016.]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Leptogenys]][[Category:Leptogenys]][[Category:China]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Oriental_Probolomyrmex&diff=709135Key to Oriental Probolomyrmex2024-03-26T20:52:37Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* 9 */</p>
<hr />
<div>This worker key is based on: [[Media:Eguchi Yoshimura Yamane 2006.pdf|Eguchi, K., Yoshimura, M. & Yamane, S. 2006. The Oriental species of the ant genus Probolomyrmex. Zootaxa 1376: 1-35.]]<br />
<br />
You may also be interested in<br />
<br />
''[[Probolomyrmex]]''<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==Key Image Gallery==<br />
Eguchi et al. 2006.<br />
<br />
<gallery perrow=4><br />
File:Eguchi et. al 2006 Page 06 Image 0001.jpg|Figure 1.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 02.jpg|Figure 2.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 03.jpg|Figure 3.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 04.jpg|Figure 4.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 05.jpg|Figure 5.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 06.jpg|Figure 6.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 07.jpg|Figure 7.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 08.jpg|Figure 8.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 09.jpg|Figure 9.<br />
File:EYY Probolomyrmex 10.jpg|Figure 10.<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==1==<br />
*Petiole posterodorsally with a pair of strong angles/teeth (in dorsal or lateral view) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiole posterodorsally without a pair of strong angles/teeth; posterodorsal margin at most weakly emarginated medially <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Petiole (including subpetiolar process) as long as high; subpetiolar process developed, subrectangular . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex bidens]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex bidens casent0101818 head 1.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Probolomyrmex bidens]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex bidens casent0101818 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiole (including subpetiolar process) distinctly longer than high; subpetiolar process low, with a small anteroventral projection . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex procne]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex procne casent0101988 head 1.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Probolomyrmex procne]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex procne casent0101988 profile 1.jpg|thumb|270px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Posterodorsal margin of petiole in dorsal view well produced medially into a horn (Fig. 8D) . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex watanabei]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex watanabei casent0102219 head 1.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Probolomyrmex watanabei]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex watanabei casent0102219 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Posterodorsal margin of petiole in dorsal view not produced (Figs. 1D, 6D, 7D), or produced but truncate or shallowly emarginate medially (Figs. 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*Posteroventral portion of subpetiolar process spinose, protruding or sharply angled (Figs. 5C, 7C) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Posteroventral portion of subpetiolar process rounded or obtusely angled (Figs. 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C, 6C) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Petiole in profile with its posterior outline straight and vertical (above the articulation with gaster); anteroventral projection of subpetiolar process relatively thin and Translucent (Fig. 7C) . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex vieti]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex vieti casent0905887 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|''[[Probolomyrmex vieti]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex vieti casent0905887 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiole in profile with its posterior outline concave (above the articulation with gaster); anteroventral projection of subpetiolar process relatively thick and not translucent (Fig. 5C) . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex maryatiae]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex maryatiae casent0911224 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|''[[Probolomyrmex maryatiae]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex maryatiae casent0911224 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|260px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Anteroventral portion of subpetiolar process in profile broadly expanded anteroventrad (Fig. 6C) . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex okinawensis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex okinawensis casent0172412 head 1.jpg|thumb|210px|''[[Probolomyrmex okinawensis]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex okinawensis casent0172412 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Anteroventral portion of subpetiolar process in profile narrowly expanded anteriad or anteroventrad (Figs. 1C, 2C, 3C, 4C) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#6 |couplet #6]]<br />
*Petiolar node in profile with an extremely long and flattened dorsal outline (Fig. 2C); SI>160 . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex itoi]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex itoi casent0911223 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|''[[Probolomyrmex itoi]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex itoi casent0911223 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node in profile with a dorsal outline which is moderately long (or short) and flattened or curved (Figs. 1C, 3C, 4C); SI<150 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#7 |couplet #7]]<br />
*Posterior face of propodeum margined laterally with a carina which is angulate dorsally but only rarely forms a conspicuous propodeal spine (1C); LPtI<135 . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex dammermani]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex dammermani casent0102220 head 1.jpg|thumb|210px|''[[Probolomyrmex dammermani]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Probolomyrmex dammermani casent0102220 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Posterior face of propodeum margined laterally with a carina which forms a triangular propodeal spine (Figs. 3C, 4C); LPtI>135 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
<br />
==9==<br />
return to [[#8 |couplet #8]]<br />
*Frontal carina in profile lower, with a semicircular outline (Fig. 9C); 4th antennal segment a little shorter than broad (Fig. 10C) . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex longinodus]]'' <br />
<br />
*Frontal carina in profile higher, with a gently triangular outline (Fig. 9D); 4th antennal segment a little longer than broad (Fig. 10D) . . . . . ''[[Probolomyrmex longiscapus]]''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Problomyrmex]][[Category:Problomyrmex]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Oriental_and_Sino-Japanese_Leptanilla&diff=709134Key to Oriental and Sino-Japanese Leptanilla2024-03-26T20:52:27Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following to Asian workers of ''[[Leptanilla]]'' is based on Bharti and Kumar (2012), Wong and Guénard (2016), Leong et al. (2018) and Saroj et al. (2022).<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*Masticatory margin of mandible with 2 teeth {{Go to|2}}<br />
*Masticatory margin of mandible with 3 teeth or more {{Go to|3}}<br />
<br />
==2==<br />
{{Return to|1}}<br />
*Anterolateral lobes of clypeus present. 3rd antennal segment with a distinct basal peduncle. Dorsal view of petiolar node with arched anterior margin. Promesonotal suture narrow {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla kebunraya]]'' <br />
*Anterolateral lobes of clypeus absent. 3rd antennal segment without distinct basal peduncle. Dorsal view of petiolar node rectangular. Promesonotal suture wide {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla butteli]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla butteli casent0901484 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla butteli casent0901484 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|270px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==3==<br />
{{Return to|1}}<br />
*Masticatory margin of mandible with 4 teeth {{Go to|4}}<br />
*Masticatory margin of mandible with 3 teeth {{Go to|5}}<br />
<br />
==4==<br />
{{Return to|3}}<br />
*Full face view of 3rd abdominal tergum weakly narrow in its anterior part (posterior margin al-most one half times as wide as anterior margin, and as long as its width (see Fig. 32 in Baroni- Urbani, 1977). The basal tooth of masticatory margin of mandible very small and difficult to distinguish {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla japonica]]''<br />
*Full face view of 3rd abdominal tergum strongly narrow in its anterior part (posterior margin more than two times as wide as anterior margin, and distinctly longer than its width (see Fig. 33 in Baroni-Urbani, 1977). The basal tooth of masticatory margin of mandible distinct {{Go to|4a}}<br />
<br />
==4a==<br />
{{Return to|4}}<br />
*Postpetiole trapezium shaped and posteriorly truncated (Japan) {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla tanakai]]''<br />
*Postpetiole with equal width at anterior and posterior margin; posteriorly not truncate (India) {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla ujjalai]]''<br />
<br />
==5==<br />
{{Return to|3}}<br />
*Metanotal groove present {{Go to|6}}<br />
*Metanotal groove absent {{Go to|7}}<br />
<br />
==6==<br />
{{Return to|5}}<br />
*In full-face view head approximately rectangular. Clypeus not protruding, with anterior margin roundly convex. In profile view dorsum of petiole almost straight. In dorsal view postpetiolar node much wider than petiolar node. Smaller species; HW: ca. 0.180 mm {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla hunanensis]]'' <br />
*In full-face view head distinctly narrowed anteriorly. Clypeus protruding, with anterior margin concave. In profile view dorsum of petiole roundly convex. In dorsal view postpetiolar node as wide as petiolar node. Larger species; HW: ca. 0.370 mm {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla kunmingensis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Zu and Zhang 2002 leptanillinae Fig 10-12.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==7==<br />
{{Return to|5}}<br />
*Anterior margin of clypeus more or less straight or weakly to strongly convex {{Go to|8}}<br />
*Anterior margin of clypeus medially incised, bilobed {{Go to|14}}<br />
<br />
==8==<br />
{{Return to|7}}<br />
*Clypeus not protruding anteriorly, and with straight or weakly convex anterior clypeal lobe (Fig. 12A) {{Go to|9}}<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 12a.png|thumb|200px|Figure 12A]]<br />
|}<br />
*Clypeus slightly or strongly protruding anteriorly, and with distinctly convex anterior clypeal lobe (Fig. 12B, C) {{Go to|12}}<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 12b.png|thumb|200px|Figure 12B]]<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 12c.png|thumb|200px|Figure 12C]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==9==<br />
{{Return to|8}}<br />
*Ventral margin of petiolar sternite in lateral view without well developed projection {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla kubotai]]'' <br />
*Ventral margin of petiolar sternite in lateral view with well developed and convex projection {{Go to|10}}<br />
<br />
==10==<br />
{{Return to|9}}<br />
*Petiolar node distinctly wider than long (PI ≥ 138) {{Go to|11}}<br />
*Petiolar node distinctly longer than wide (PI ≤ ca. 81) {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla morimotoi]]''<br />
<br />
==11==<br />
{{Return to|10}}<br />
*Postpetiolar node wider than long (PPI = 163–171). Larger species; HW: ca. 0.235 mm {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla yunnanensis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla yunnanensis casent0235340 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla yunnanensis casent0235340 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|280px|]]<br />
|}<br />
*Postpetiolar node almost as long as wide (PPI = 88). Smaller species; HW: ca. 0.140 mm {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla okinawensis]]'' <br />
<br />
==12==<br />
{{Return to|8}}<br />
*Larger species, with petiole longer than 0.13 mm {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla besucheti]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla besucheti casent0902779 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla besucheti casent0902779 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|270px|]]<br />
|}<br />
*Smaller species, with petiole shorter than 0.10 mm {{Go to|13}}<br />
<br />
==13==<br />
{{Return to|12}}<br />
*Ventral margin of petiolar sternite with triangular projection. Subpetiolar process absent. PPI = 122–138; CI ≥ 82; PI = 111–125 {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla buddhista]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla buddhista casent0902774 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla buddhista casent0902774 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|320px|]]<br />
|}<br />
*Ventral margin of petiolar sternite with sub-circular projection. Subpetiolar process present as a small and hook like spine. PPI = 80–86; CI ≤ 74; PI = 117–124 {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla macauensis]]'' <br />
<br />
==14==<br />
{{Return to|7}}<br />
*Petiole in dorsal view with sharp and protruding anterolateral corners, with well concave anterior margin (Fig. 13E, F) {{Go to|15}}<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 13e.png |thumb|200px|Figure 13E]]<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 13f.png |thumb|200px|Figure 13F]]<br />
|}<br />
*Petiole in dorsal view with blunt and non-protruding anterolateral corners, with slightly concave to convex anterior margin (Fig. 13 A, B, C, D) {{Go to|16}}<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 13a.png |thumb|200px|Figure 13A]]<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 13b.png |thumb|200px|Figure 13B]]<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 13c.png |thumb|200px|Figure 13C]]<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 13d.png |thumb|200px|Figure 13D]]<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==15==<br />
{{Return to|14}}<br />
*Petiolar node almost twice as long as wide (PI = 60). Postpetiolar node almost as wide as long (PPI = 90) (Fig. 13F) Propodeal dorsum and declivity in lateral view meeting at an angular corner. Masticatory margin of mandibles with a long and well-defined basal tooth {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla hypodracos]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Wong, M.K.L., Guénard, B hef.jpg|thumb|130px|]]<br />
|[[File:Wong, M.K.L., Guénard, B hal.jpg|thumb|360px|]]<br />
|}<br />
*Petiolar node almost as long as wide (PI = 82– 100). Postpetiolar node distinctly wider than long (PPI = 133–137) (Fig. 13E). Propodeal dorsum and declivity in lateral view meeting at a rather rounded corner. Masticatory margin of mandibles without a long and well-defined basal tooth {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla clypeata]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Wong and Guenard 2016 L. clypeata h.jpg|thumb|130px|]]<br />
|[[File:Wong and Guenard 2016 L. clypeata l.jpg|thumb|360px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==16==<br />
{{Return to|14}}<br />
*Anterior margin of clypeal disc almost as high as the lower level of antennal insertion (Fig. 14A), with shallowly notched anterior lobe {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla taiwanensis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 14a.png|thumb|200px|Figure 14A]]<br />
|}<br />
*Anterior margin of clypeal disc almost highly exceeding the lower level of antennal insertion (Fig. 14B, C), with distinctly bilobed anterior lobe {{Go to|17}}<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 14b.png|thumb|200px|Figure 14B]]<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 14c.png|thumb|200px|Figure 14C]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==17==<br />
{{Return to|16}}<br />
*Posterior margin of head deeply concave in full-face view (Fig. 15C) {{Go to|18}}<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 15c.png|thumb|200px|Figure 15C]]<br />
|}<br />
*Posterior margin of head almost straight in full-face view (Fig. 15A, B) {{Go to|19}}<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 15a.png|thumb|200px|Figure 15A]]<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 15b.png|thumb|200px|Figure 15B]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==18==<br />
{{Return to|17}}<br />
*Petiolar node rectangular with slightly concave anterior margin in dorsal view; anterior distinctly shorter than posterior margin. Smaller species; HW: ca. 0.155 mm {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla oceanica]]'' <br />
*Petiolar node square with straight anterior margin in dorsal view; anterior margin as long as pos-terior margin. Larger species; HW: ca. 0.29 mm {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla lamellata]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla lamellata antweb1008004 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|150px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla lamellata antweb1008004 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|350px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==19==<br />
{{Return to|17}}<br />
*Petiole sternite in lateral view distinctly protruding, with ventral margin bluntly angulate {{Go to|20}}<br />
*Petiole sternite in lateral view indistinctly protruding, with ventral margin almost straight {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla thai]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla thai casent0911455 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|140px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla thai casent0911455 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==20==<br />
{{Return to|19}}<br />
*Masticatory margin of mandible with a total of 3 teeth; basal tooth short and not well-defined. Anterolateral corners of petiole roundly convex in dorsal view (Fig. 13A). HW: ca. 0.245 mm {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla havilandi]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 13a.png |thumb|200px|Figure 13A]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla havilandi casent0101455 head 1.jpg|thumb|140px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla havilandi casent0101455 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
*Masticatory margin of mandible with a total of 4 teeth; basal tooth long and well-defined. An-terolateral corners of petiole forming a small and sharp angle in dorsal view (Fig. 13D). HW: ca. 0.280 {{Link to}} ''[[Leptanilla escheri]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leong et al. 2017 Fig. 13d.png |thumb|200px|Figure 13D]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla escheri antweb1008003 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|150px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptanilla escheri antweb1008003 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|300px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Baroni Urbani, C. 1977c. Materiali per una revisione della sottofamiglia Leptanillinae Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomol. Basil. 2: 427-488.<br />
*Bharti, H. & Kumar, R. 2012. A new species of ''Leptanilla'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) with a key to Oriental species. Annales Zoologici 62, 619-625.<br />
*[[Media:Leong, C.-M., Yamane, S., Guenard, B. 2018. Lost in the city discovery of the rare ant genus Leptanilla in Macau.pdf|Leong, C.-M., Yamane, S., Guenard, B. 2018. Lost in the city: discovery of the rare ant genus ''Leptanilla'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Macau with description of ''Leptanilla macauensis'' sp. nov. Asian Myrmecology 10: e010001, pp. 1-17]] ({{doi|10.20362/am.010001}}).<br />
*[[Media:Saroj, S., Mandi, A. et al. 2022. A new species of the rare ant genus, Leptanilla (10.20362@am.015005).pdf|Saroj, S., Mandi, A., Dubey, A.K. 2022. A new species of the rare ant genus, ''Leptanilla'' Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Eastern Himalaya, India. Asian Myrmecology 15, e015005]] ({{doi|10.20362/am.015005}}).<br />
*[[Media:Wong, M.K.L., Guénard, B. 2016. Leptanilla hypodracos sp. n., a new species of the cryptic ant genus Leptanilla from Singapore.pdf|Wong, M.K.L., Guénard, B. 2016. ''Leptanilla hypodracos'' sp. n., a new species of the cryptic ant genus ''Leptanilla'' (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Singapore, with new distribution data and an updated key to Oriental ''Leptanilla'' species. ZooKeys 551: 129–144]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.551.6686}}).<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Leptanilla]][[Category:Leptanilla]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Oriental_and_Palearctic_Stenamma&diff=709133Key to Oriental and Palearctic Stenamma2024-03-26T20:52:05Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* 29 */</p>
<hr />
<div>This worker key is based on: [[Media:Bharti Gul & Sharma 2012.pdf| Bharti, H.; Gul, I.; Sharma, Y. P. 2012. Two new species of Stenamma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Indian Himalaya with a revised key to the Palaearctic and Oriental species. Sociobiology. 59:317-330.]]<br />
<br />
You may also be interested in<br />
<br />
''[[Stenamma]]''<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*In full face view, antennal scapes distinctly surpassed occipital corners <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In full face view, antennal scapes reached to or not reached to occipital corners <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*In profile view, petiolar node distinctly shorter than anterior peduncle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In profile view, petiolar node as long as or longer than anterior peduncle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#2 |couplet #2]]<br />
*In full face view, occipital corners rounded. In profile view, metanotal groove deeply depressed. Propodeal plates narrow, nearly triangular (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Japan) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma nipponense]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma nipponense casent0605172 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|240px|''[[Stenamma nipponense]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma nipponense casent0605172 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full face view, occipital corners roundly prominent. In profile view, metanotal groove shallowly depressed. Propodeal plates broad, nearly trapezoid. (Distribution: China (Yunnan Province)) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma ailaoense]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Liu - xu 2011-9.jpg Stenamma ailaoense hef.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|[[File:Liu - xu 2011-9 Stenamma-ailaoense hal.jpg|thumb|260px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#2 |couplet #2]]<br />
*In full face view, occipital margin roundly convex <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In full face view, occipital margin nearly straight <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum evenly convex. Propodeal dorsum straight. Propodeal plates nearly trapezoid, truncated at apices (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma msilanum]]'' <br />
<br />
*In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum nearly straight. Propodeal dorsum weakly convex. Propodeal plates nearly semicircular, rounded at apices (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Southern Europe, mostly France and Italy) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma petiolatum]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Rigato 2011 Stenamma petiolatum h.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Rigato 2011 Stenamma petiolatum.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*In full face view, head broadest at back, narrowed forward, lateral sides relatively straight <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In full face view, head broadest in the middle, lateral sides evenly convex. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#6 |couplet #6]]<br />
*Mandibles with 7 teeth. In profile view, anteroventral corner of petiole extruding and forming a rightly angled tooth (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: England, Belgium) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma westwoodii]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Rigato 2011 Stenamma westwoodii wh.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Rigato 2011 Stenamma westwoodii wp2.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Mandibles with 9 teeth. In profile view, anteroventral corner of petiole weakly convex, not forming a tooth (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Russia) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma lippulum]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma lippulum casent0904151 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|''[[Stenamma lippulum]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma lippulum casent0904151 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#6 |couplet #6]]<br />
*In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum evenly convex. Dorsum of petiolar node roundly prominent (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Spain) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma sardoum]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma sardoum casent0904150 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma sardoum]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma sardoum casent0904150 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum nearly straight. Dorsum of petiolar node rounded (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Sardinia) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma sardoum]]''<br />
<br />
==9==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*In full face view, antennal scapes distinctly not reached to occipital corners <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#10|'''. . . . . 10''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In full face view, antennal scapes reached to occipital corners <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#16|'''. . . . . 16''']]</span><br />
<br />
==10==<br />
return to [[#9 |couplet #9]]<br />
*In profile view, petiolar node distinctly longer than anterior peduncle (Dubois, 1998). (Distribution: Eastern Russia) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma ussuriense]]'' <br />
<br />
*In profile view, petiolar node approximately as long as anterior peduncle . <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#11|'''. . . . . 11''']]</span><br />
<br />
==11==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
*In profile view, anteroventral corner of petiole extended and finger-like (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Morocco) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma punctiventre]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma punctiventre casent0913972 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma punctiventre]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma punctiventre casent0913972 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In profile view, anteroventral corner of petiole prominent, tooth-like or bluntly angled <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#12|'''. . . . . 12''']]</span><br />
<br />
==12==<br />
return to [[#11 |couplet #11]]<br />
*In profile view, anteroventral corner of petiole acutely toothed (Lyu etal., 2002). (Distribution: Korea) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma koreanense]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma koreanense casent0900944 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma koreanense]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma koreanense casent0900944 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In profile view, anteroventral corner of petiole bluntly angled <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#13|'''. . . . . 13''']]</span><br />
<br />
==13==<br />
return to [[#12 |couplet #12]]<br />
*In full face view, lateral sides of head strongly convex. In profile view, propodeal spines shorter than propodeal plates (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Pakistan) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma jeriorum]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma jeriorum casent0900947 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma jeriorum]]'' ]]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma jeriorum casent0900947 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full face view, lateral sides of head weakly convex or parallel. In profile view, propodeal spines as long as or longer than propodeal plates <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#14|'''. . . . . 14''']]</span><br />
<br />
==14==<br />
return to [[#13 |couplet #13]]<br />
*In full face view, lateral sides of head weakly convex. In profile view, propodeal spines as long as or longer than propodeal plates. Head dorsum above eyes with rugae forming concentric loop like structures (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Azerbaijan, Georgia, southern Russia) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma lippulum]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma lippulum casent0904151 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma lippulum]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma lippulum casent0904151 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full face view, lateral sides of head parallel. In profile view, propodeal spines longer or equal to propodeal plates. Head dorsum above eyes with rugae not forming loop like structures. (Distribution: Himalaya) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#15|'''. . . . . 15''']]</span><br />
<br />
==15==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #14]]<br />
*Dorsum of petiolar peduncle smooth without a central longitudinal carina. Postpetiolar anteroventral corner slightly extruding, tooth like. Propodeal plates broad, as long as is the length of propodeal spines . . . . . ''[[Stenamma wilsoni]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma wilsoni antweb1008038 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|''[[Stenamma wilsoni]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma wilsoni antweb1008038 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Dorsum of petiolar peduncle with a central longitudinal carina. Postpetiolar anteroventral corner strongly extruding. Propodeal plates broad, roughly rectangular, slightly shorter than propodeal spines . . . . . ''[[Stenamma jhitingriense]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma jhitingriense antweb1008039 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|''[[Stenamma jhitingriense]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma jhitingriense antweb1008039 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==16==<br />
return to [[#9 |couplet #9]]<br />
*In profile view, petiolar node distinctly shorter than anterior peduncle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#17|'''. . . . . 17''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In profile view, petiolar node as long as or longer than anterior peduncle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#18|'''. . . . . 18''']]</span><br />
<br />
==17==<br />
return to [[#6 |couplet #16]]<br />
*Eyes with 8-9 ommatidia in the maximum diameter. Mesopleura retirugose (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Japan, China (Sichuan Province) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma owstoni]]'' <br />
<br />
*Eyes with 4 ommatidia in the maximum diameter. Mesopleura longitudinally rugose. (Distribution: China (Yunnan Province)) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma wumengense]]''<br />
<br />
==18==<br />
return to [[#16 |couplet #16]]<br />
*In profile view, petiolar node distinctly longer than anterior peduncle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#19|'''. . . . . 19''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In profile view, petiolar node about as long as anterior peduncle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#21|'''. . . . . 21''']]</span><br />
<br />
==19==<br />
return to [[#18 |couplet #18]]<br />
*In profile view, propodeal spines longer than propodeal plates. Propodeal plates triangular, bluntly angled at apices (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma msilanum]]'' <br />
<br />
*In profile view, propodeal spines shorter than propodeal plates. Propodeal plates nearly trapezoid, truncated at apices <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#20|'''. . . . . 20''']]</span><br />
<br />
==20==<br />
return to [[#19 |couplet #19]]<br />
*In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum roundly convex. Propodeal spines posteriorly curved. Dorsum of petiolar node narrowly prominent (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Tajikstan) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma hissarianum]]'' <br />
<br />
*In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum relatively straight. Propodeal spines not posteriorly curved. Dorsum of petiolar node broadly rounded (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Kazakhstan, Kirghizia) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma picetojuglandeti]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma picetojuglandeti casent0280812 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma picetojuglandeti]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma picetojuglandeti casent0280812 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==21==<br />
return to [[#8 |couplet #18]]<br />
*In profile view, anteroventral corner of petiole acutely toothed. Petiolar node lower, with dorsum rounded (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Nepal) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma gurkhale]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma gurkhale casent0900945 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma gurkhale]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma gurkhale casent0900945 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In profile view, anteroventral corner of petiole bluntly angled or roundly prominent. Petiolar node higher, with dorsum roundly or narrowly prominent <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#22|'''. . . . . 22''']]</span><br />
<br />
==22==<br />
return to [[#21 |couplet #21]]<br />
*In full face view, head distinctly narrowed forward <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#23|'''. . . . . 23''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In full face view, head not distinctly narrowed forward <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#25|'''. . . . . 25''']]</span><br />
<br />
==23==<br />
return to [[#22 |couplet #22]]<br />
*In full face view, occipital margin weakly convex. In profile view, dorsum of petiolar node broadly rounded, both anterior and posterior faces convex (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: From Spain to Turkey) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma striatulum]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma striatulum casent0010683 head 1.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma striatulum]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma striatulum casent0010683 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full face view, occipital margin straight. In profile view, dorsum of petiolar node narrowly prominent, both anterior and posterior faces relatively straight <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#24|'''. . . . . 24''']]</span><br />
<br />
==24==<br />
return to [[#23 |couplet #23]]<br />
*In full face view, occipital corners roundly prominent. In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum weakly convex (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Southern Europe, mostly France and Italy) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma petiolatum]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Rigato 2011 Stenamma petiolatum h.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Rigato 2011 Stenamma petiolatum.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full face view, occipital corners rounded. In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum strongly convex (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Georgia, Southern Russia) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma georgii]]''<br />
<br />
==25==<br />
return to [[#22 |couplet #22]]<br />
*In full face view, occipital margin evenly roundly convex (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Throughout Europe) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma debile]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma debile casent0010691 head 1.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma debile]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma debile casent0010691 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full face view, occipital margin straight or weakly concave in the middle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#26|'''. . . . . 26''']]</span><br />
<br />
==26==<br />
return to [[#25 |couplet #25]]<br />
*In profile view, propodeal dorsum nearly horizontal <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#27|'''. . . . . 27''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In profile view, propodeal dorsum slope down backward ............ <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#28|'''. . . . . 28''']]</span><br />
<br />
==27==<br />
return to [[#26 |couplet #26]]<br />
*In profile view, dorsum of promesonotum roundly convex. Propodeal dorsum weakly convex (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: France (Corsica), Italy (Sardinia), Spain) . . . . . ''Stenamma orousseti'' ( = ''[[Stenamma debile]]'')<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma debile casent0010691 head 1.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma debile]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma debile casent0010691 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In profile view dorsum of promesonotum nearly straight. Propodeal dorsum straight (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: Russia (Kuril) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma kurilense]]''<br />
<br />
==28==<br />
return to [[#26 |couplet #26]]<br />
*In profile view, propodeal declivity roundly concave. Anterior face of petiolar node formed a strong depression with peduncle (DuBois, 1998. (Distribution: Uzebekistan) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma sogdianum]]'' <br />
<br />
*In profile view, propodeal declivity straight. Anterior face of petiolar node formed a weak depression with peduncle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#29|'''. . . . . 29''']]</span><br />
<br />
==29==<br />
return to [[#28 |couplet #28]]<br />
*In profile view, propodeal spines shorter than propodeal plates. Propodeal plates truncated at apices (DuBois, 1998). (Distribution: India (Kashimir), Pakistan) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma kashmirense]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Stenamma kashmirense casent0900946 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Stenamma kashmirense]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Stenamma kashmirense casent0900946 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In profile view, propodeal spines as long as propodeal plates. Propodeal plates rounded at apices. (Distribution: China (Tibet, Sichuan Province) . . . . . ''[[Stenamma yaluzangbum]]''<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Stenamma]][[Category:Stenamma]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Oriental_Myopias_species&diff=709132Key to Oriental Myopias species2024-03-26T20:52:03Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* 10 */</p>
<hr />
<div>This worker key is based on: [[Media:Xu, Z., Burwell, C.J. & Nakamura, A. 2014. A new species of the ponerine ant genus ''Myopias'' Roger from Yunnan, China, with a key to the known Oriental species.pdf|Xu, Z., Burwell, C.J. & Nakamura, A. 2014. A new species of the ponerine ant genus ''Myopias'' Roger from Yunnan, China, with a key to the known Oriental species. Sociobiology 61, 164-170.]]<br />
<br />
You may also be interested in<br />
<br />
''[[Myopias]]''<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*In full-face view, clypeus without protruding median lobe <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In full-face view, clypeus with protruding median lobe <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*In full-face view posterior head margin straight. The first tooth of mandible counting from base located at midpoint of mandible, not hooked. Metanotal groove absent. Dorsal margin of petiolar node horizontal. The whole body surface largely sparsely punctured. Body color reddish brown (Sri Lanka) . . . . . ''[[Myopias amblyops]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Myopias amblyops casent0104584 head 1.jpg|thumb|180px|''[[Myopias amblyops]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Myopias amblyops casent0104584 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full-face view posterior head margin weakly convex. The first tooth of mandible counting from base located before midpoint of mandible, weakly hooked. Metanotal groove deeply impressed. Dorsal margin of petiolar node descends anteriorly. The whole body surface longitudinally and somewhat irregularly rugose, vertex and cheeks of head, and pronotum largely sparsely punctured. Body color blackish brown (Philippines) . . . . . ''[[Myopias lobosa]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Myopias lobosa casent0902528 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Myopias lobosa]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Myopias lobosa casent0902528 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*In dorsal view mandible strongly elongate and roughly linear, masticatory margin divided into a long basal portion and a short apical portion; basal portion with a large tooth, about 2 or 3 times as long as the apical portion; apical portion obliquely truncate, with 1 or 2 basal teeth and an apical tooth <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In dorsal view, mandible weakly elongate and roughly triangular, masticatory margin not divided into two portions, with a large basal tooth, a large middle tooth, and 1 or 2 small apical teeth <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*In full-face view, median clypeal lobe roughly rectangular, anteriorly as broad as posteriorly, lateral margins parallel or nearly parallel, anterior margin deeply or moderately concave <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In full-face view, median clypeal lobe roughly trapezoidal, widened anteriorly, anterior margin slightly concave, straight or slightly convex <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Median clypeal lobe longer than broad. Basal portion of masticatory margin of mandible with a short blunt tooth. In dorsal view petiolar node as broad as long, lateral margins parallel. The whole body surface sparsely coarsely punctured; mesonotum, propodeum and petiole longitudinally striate (Philippines) . . . . . ''[[Myopias philippinensis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Myopias-philippinensisH4x.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Myopias philippinensis]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Myopias-philippinensisL3.2x.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Median clypeal lobe broader than long. Basal portion of masticatory margin of mandible with a long acute tooth. In dorsal view petiolar node longer than broad, narrowed anteriorly. The whole body surface smooth and shining (Philippines, Indonesia) . . . . . ''[[Myopias bidens]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Myopias bidens casent0903924 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|''[[Myopias bidens]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Myopias bidens casent0903924 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*In full-face view apices of scapes reach or slightly surpass posterior head corners. In lateral view ventral margin of subpetiolar process nearly straight posterior to anteroventral tooth. In dorsal view petiolar node about as broad as long. Sides of petiole and gaster sparsely punctured or smooth (China: Yunnan) . . . . . ''[[Myopias conicara]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Xu Burwell & Nakamura 2014-5Myopias-conicara hef.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Myopias conicara]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Xu Burwell & Nakamura 2014-5Myopias-conicara hal.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full-face view apices of scapes not reaching posterior head corners. In lateral view ventral margin of subpetiolar process evenly convex posterior to anteroventral tooth. In dorsal view petiolar node broader than long. Sides of petiole and gaster largely abundantly punctured (China: Yunnan) . . . . . ''[[Myopias hania]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Xu Burwell & Nakamura 2014-6Myopias-hania hef.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Myopias hania]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Xu Burwell & Nakamura 2014-6Myopias-hania hal.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*In lateral view petiolar node roughly trapezoidal, distinctly narrowed dorsally, posterodorsal corner rounded, without distinct angle. Eyes absent or very small, with less than three facets <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In lateral view petiolar node roughly rectangular, slightly or not narrowed dorsally, posterodorsal corner bluntly angled, with distinct angle. Eyes larger, with more than nine facets <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#10|'''. . . . . 10''']]</span><br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#7 |couplet #7]]<br />
*In full-face view posterior head margin strongly angularly concave. In lateral view dorsal margin of petiolar node weakly convex (India) . . . . . ''[[Myopias shivalikensis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Myopias shivalikensis antweb1008035 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Myopias shivalikensis]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Myopias shivalikensis antweb1008035 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full-face view posterior head margin straight. In lateral view dorsal margin of petiolar node straight <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
<br />
==9==<br />
return to [[#8 |couplet #8]]<br />
*In full-face view apex of scape almost reaching posterior head corner. Eyes absent. In lateral view subpetiolar process ventrally pointed. In dorsal view, petiolar node distinctly broader than long. Head, mesosoma and petiole finely retirugose. (China: Taiwan) . . . . . ''[[Myopias nops]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Myopias nops casent0902527 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Myopias nops]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Myopias nops casent0902527 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full-face view apex of scape fails to reach posterior head corner by apical scape width. Eyes present, with 2 facets. In lateral view subpetiolar process anteroventrally pointed. In dorsal view petiolar node about as broad as long. Head, mesosoma and petiole densely punctured (China: Tibet) . . . . . ''[[Myopias menba]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Xu Burwell & Nakamura 2014-6Myopias-menba hef.jpg|thumb|240px|''[[Myopias menba]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Xu Burwell & Nakamura 2014-6Myopias-menba hal.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==10==<br />
return to [[#7 |couplet #7]]<br />
*Eye with 6 facets in the maximum diameter. In lateral view petiolar node not narrowed dorsally, anterior and posterior margins parallel. Subpetiolar process anteroventrally pointed, anterior margin nearly vertical, posterior margin weakly concave. In dorsal view posterior margin of petiolar node straight. Head densely finely punctured. Body color blackish brown (China: Tibet) . . . . . ''[[Myopias luoba]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:XBN My f25.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Myopias luoba]]'' ]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Eye with 3 facets in the maximum diameter. In lateral view petiolar node weakly narrowed dorsally, anterior and posterior margins not parallel. Subpetiolar process ventrally pointed, anterior margin oblique, posterior margin weakly sinuate. In dorsal view posterior margin of petiolar node weakly concave. Head smooth and shining. Body color reddish brown (China: Yunnan) . . . . . ''[[Myopias daia]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Xu Burwell & Nakamura 2014-7Myopias-daia hef.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Myopias daia]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Xu Burwell & Nakamura 2014-7Myopias-daia hal.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Myopias]][[Category:Myopias]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Oriental_Meranoplus&diff=709131Key to Oriental Meranoplus2024-03-26T20:51:56Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* 13 */</p>
<hr />
<div>This worker key is based on: Schödl, S. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Oriental Meranoplus F. Smith, 1853 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B, Für Botanik und Zoologie. 100:361-394 with an addition from: [[Media:Schodl 1999.pdf|Schödl, S. 1999. Description of Meranoplus birmanus sp. nov. from Myanmar, and the first record of M. bicolor from Laos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomological Problems. 30: 61-65.]] <br />
<br />
You may also be interested in<br />
<br />
''[[Meranoplus]]''<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
[[File:Schödl 1998 F2-15.jpg|thumb|370px|Figures 2-15: Outline of promesonotal shield of ''Meranoplus'' workers (sculpture and pilosity omitted): (2) ''bellii'', (3) ''castaneus'', (4) ''malaysianus'', (5) ''borneensis'', (6) ''bicolor'', (7a) ''rothneyi'' (paralectotype; Cochin), (7b) ''rothneyi'' (specimen from Meghalaya), (8) ''laeviventris'', (9) ''levis'', (10) ''nepalensis'', (11) ''boltoni'', (12) ''montanus'', (13) ''loebli'', ( 1 4) ''biliran'', (15) ''mucronatus''.]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Schödl 1998 F16-22.jpg|thumb|370px|Figures 16-22: Lateral view of midbody of ''Meranoplus'' workers: (16) ''bellii'', (17) ''castaneus'', (18) ''malaysianus'',(9) ''borneensis'', (20) ''bicolor'', (21a) ''rothneyi'' (Paralectotype; Cochin), (21b) ''rothneyi'' (specimen from Meghalaya), (22) ''laeviventris''.]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Schödl 1998 F23-29.jpg|thumb|370px|Figures 23-29: Lateral view of midbody of ''Meranoplus'' workers: (23) ''levis,'' (24) ''nepalensis'' (25) ''boltoni'', (26) ''montanus'', (27) ''loebli'', (28) ''biliran'', (29) ''mucronatus'' (scales representing 1 mm scale a: Figs. 15, 29; scale b: Figs. 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23; scale c- Figs 4, 5, 7a, b, 10 - 14, 18, 19, 21a, b, 24-28).]]<br />
==1==<br />
*Petiolar crest distinctly bidentate, postpetiole with an acute, posteriorly directed short spine (Figs. 16, 17). Mandibles with five teeth. Posterior mesonotal margin not, or only slightly overhanging the propodeum, the latter constituting a part of the dorsal alitrunk <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiole never bidentate and postpetiole never with a short spine dorsally. Mandibles with four teeth, sometimes with an additional basal offset denticle. Posterior mesonotal margin usually distinctly overhanging the propodeum, the latter meeting the dorsum of the alitrunk almost at a right angle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1|couplet #1]]<br />
<br />
*Propodeum never overhung by the posterior mesonotal margin (Fig. 2). Suture <br />
between mesonotum and propodeum situated in the angle, where mesonotum and <br />
propodeum meet. Dorsal surface of first gastral tergite smooth and brilliant except for shagreened hair-pits. SW-India . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus bellii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus bellii casent0902023 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus bellii casent0902023 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|390px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Propodeum slightly overhung by the posterior translucent margin of promesonotal shield (Fig. 3). Suture between mesonotum and propodeum below protruding mesonotal hind margin. Dorsal surface of first gastral tergite dull, entirely shagreened. Thailand, Malaysia . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus castaneus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus castaneus casent0106276 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus castaneus casent0106276 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#1|couplet #1]]<br />
<br />
*Mandibles with five teeth, the basal tooth offset. Dorsal surfaces of head and promesonotum smooth, additionally distinctly carinulate. Southern India, Sri Lanka (Figs. 9, 23) . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus levis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus levis casent0902025 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus levis casent0902025 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|330px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Mandibles with four teeth. Dorsum of head and promesonotum always reticulate- <br />
rugulose <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#3|couplet #3]]<br />
*Promesonotal shield armed with a very long, acute spine at each corner. (Figs. 1, 15, 29). Large species (HL 1.4 - 1.7, TL 5.8 - 7.1). Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus mucronatus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus mucronatus casent0217857 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus mucronatus casent0217857 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Promesonotal shield without or with different armament, never with such long spines at the corners of the promesonotal shield. Distinctly smaller species (HL < 1.18, TL<5) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4|couplet #4]]<br />
<br />
*Promesonotal shield rectangular, lacking any armament (Figs. 4, 5). Small species (TL<3.0) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Promesonotal shield always with conspicuous, specific outstanding projections. Small to medium sized species (TL 3.0 - 4.5 mm) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#5|couplet #5]]<br />
<br />
*Petiole distinctly obliquely truncate. Dorsum of gaster distinctly shagreened. Pilosity consisting of short pubescence and longer outstanding hairs (Figs. 5, 19). Sabah, E-Malaysia . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus borneensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus borneensis casent0902030 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus borneensis casent0902030 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiolar crest only narrowly truncate. Dorsum of gaster either entirely smooth or occasionally with shagreening. Pilosity on dorsal surfaces consisting of a pelt of equal sized, short hairs (Figs. 4, 18). Malaysia, Indonesia . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus malaysianus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus malaysianus casent0179628 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus malaysianus casent0179628 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#5|couplet #5]]<br />
<br />
*Promesonotum with only one pair of posteriorly directed mesonotal spines, without additional postero-lateral and/or posterior paramedian mesonotal projections. (Figs. 6, 7a, b) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Promesonotum of different shape, always with additional postero-lateral and/or posterior paramedian mesonotal projections <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#7|couplet #7]]<br />
<br />
*Small species (HL 0.65 - 0.80). Promesonotal shield with a pair of posteriad directed shorter, blunt or acute projections in the posterior mesonotal comers. Dorsal surfaces and appendages without extremely long hairs (Figs. 7a, b, 21a, b). India, Nepal, Bhutan . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus rothneyi]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus rothneyi casent0904683 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus rothneyi casent0904683 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Larger species (HL 0.79 - 0.96). Promesonotal shield with a single pair of posteriorly directed longer spines in the posterior mesonotal comers. Dorsal surfaces and appendages with long hairs (Figs. 6, 20) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8a|'''. . . . . 8a''']]</span><br />
<br />
==8a==<br />
return to [[#8|couplet #8]]<br />
<br />
*Dorsal surfaces of head and promesonotal shield rugose to rugulose-reticulate; petiole in lateral view ± an equilateral triangle (PTI 93 - 100) . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus bicolor]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus bicolor casent0217854 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus bicolor casent0217854 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Dorsal surfaces of head and promesonotal shield shiny, with rugae and costulae, petiole in lateral view distinctly narrower (PTI 73 - 84) . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus birmanus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus birmanus casent0902034 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus birmanus casent0902034 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==9==<br />
return to [[#7|couplet #7]]<br />
<br />
*Outline of lateral margins of promesonotum convex in dorsal view; each margin with two large translucent fenestrae (Fig. 13); conspicuously wider than long, foliaceous (PMI 178 - 191). Sri Lanka . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus loebli]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus loebli casent0902032 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus loebli casent0902032 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Lateral margins of promesonotum in dorsal view not convex in outline, with lateral constrictions; margins never provided with four translucent fenestrae of that size; promesonotal shield less wide (PMI 134 - 155), rectangular or narrowed towards hind margin, never as foliaceous <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#10|'''. . . . . 10''']]</span><br />
<br />
==10==<br />
return to [[#9|couplet #9]]<br />
<br />
*Alitrunk in dorsal view rectangular; lateral margins parallel-sided with a weak constriction at the level of lateral fenestrae (Figs. 12, 14) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#11|'''. . . . . 11''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Alitrunk in dorsal view not rectangular, lateral margins never parallel-sided, conspicuously narrowed towards hind margin, with distinct lateral constrictions at the level of lateral fenestrae (Figs. 8, 10, 11) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#12|'''. . . . . 12''']]</span><br />
<br />
==11==<br />
return to [[#10|couplet #10]]<br />
<br />
*Hind margin of mesonotum sinuate, with blunt rounded projections, lacking distinct spines (Fig. 14). Anterior margin of clypeal mid-portion produced into a serrate apron. Philippines: Biliran Island . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus biliran]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus biliran casent0902033 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus biliran casent0902033 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|300px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Hind margin of mesonotum with distinct acute paramedian spines (Fig. 12). Anterior margin of clypeal mid-portion produced into an entire, narrow apron. Borneo (Fig. 30) . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus montanus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus-montanus-frontal-am-lg.jpg|thumb|150px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus-montanus-lateral-am-lg.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==12==<br />
return to [[#10|couplet #10]]<br />
<br />
*Petiole in profile distinctly truncate dorsally. Promesonotal shield with one pair of translucent fenestrae (Figs. 8, 22). Larger species (HL 0.98 - 1.07, TL 4.1 - 4.5). Myanmar, Thailand . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus laeviventris]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus laeviventris casent0904685 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus laeviventris casent0904685 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|350px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiole in profile cuneate dorsally. Promesonotal shield with two pairs of translucent fenestrae. Distinctly smaller species (HL 0.7 - 0.83, TL 3.0 - 3.4) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#13|'''. . . . . 13''']]</span><br />
<br />
==13==<br />
return to [[#12|couplet #12]]<br />
<br />
*Promesonotal shield with distinct spine-like postero-lateral and posterior projections (Figs. 11, 25). Anterior margin of clypeal mid-portion denticulate. Sri Lanka . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus boltoni ]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus boltoni casent0902031 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus boltoni casent0902031 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|225px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Promesonotal shield with spine-like projections only posteriorly (Figs. 10, 24). Anterior margin of clypeal mid-portion produced into a narrow, medially excavated apron. Nepal . . . . . ''[[Meranoplus nepalensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus nepalensis casent0246061 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|[[File:Meranoplus nepalensis casent0246061 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Meranoplus]][[Category:Meranoplus]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Oriental_Technomyrmex&diff=709130Key to Oriental Technomyrmex2024-03-26T20:51:53Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* 45 */</p>
<hr />
<div>This worker key is based on: Bolton, B. 2007b. Taxonomy of the dolichoderine ant genus ''Technomyrmex'' Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) based on the worker caste. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute. 35(1):1-149.<br />
<br />
NOTE. The locations and relative lengths of various setae are critical in the determination of many species. Abraded, or old and damaged, specimens may be difficult or impossible to identify correctly.<br />
<br />
You may also be interested in<br />
<br />
''[[Technomyrmex]]''<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*With head in profile the dorsal surface of the frontal carina, or the dorsum immediately mesad of the frontal carina, with setae present; at least with one seta present somewhere along the length of the frontal carina, or more usually with a row of 2 - 4 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
<br />
*With head in profile the dorsal surface of the frontal carina and the dorsum immediately mesad ofthe frontal carina, entirely without setae <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#31|'''. . . . . 31''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Either dorsal (outer) surfaces of middle and hind tibiae, or antennal scapes, or both with suberect to erect projecting setae present. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Both dorsal (outer) surfaces of middle and hind tibiae and antennal scapes without suberect to erect projecting setae <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#2 |couplet #2]]<br />
*Maxillary palp with 5 segments, labial palp with 3 segments. Anterior clypeal margin with a long, narrow median incision, the length of the incision at least equal to its maximum width or longer than its maximum width; inner margin of incision meets anterior clypeal margin in a sharp angle on each side. (India, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak, Sabah), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Batjan, Sulawesi)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex pratensis]]'' (in part - also [[#17]])<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex pratensis casent0616420 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex pratensis casent0616420 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
*Maxillary palp with 6 segments, labial palp with 4 segments. Anterior clypeal margin almost transverse or at most with a very shallow, weak median impression or feeble concavity that is much broader than long; if a weak concavity present it curves evenly into the more lateral portion of the anterior clypeal margin <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*With head in full-face view the dorsum glassy smooth and shining, unsculptured except for small pits from which setae arise. Scape shorter, SI 81 - 89. Promesonotum relatively short and stout, DTI < 125 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
*With head in full-face view the dorsum covered with fine sculpture. Scape longer, SI 123 - 140. Promesonotum relatively long and narrow, DTI > 130 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Dorsal surface of mandible with a longitudinal groove near its outer margin, the groove flanked by a cuticular rim on each side; groove extends from base almost the entire length of the mandible. Eyes located more posteriorly, EPI 96 – 1000. (Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sabah)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex mandibularis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex mandibularis casent0903049 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex mandibularis casent0903049 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Dorsal surface of mandible without a longitudinal groove anywhere. Eyes located more anteriorly, EPI ca 72. (Indonesia (Sumatra)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex convexifrons]]''<br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Longest setae on first gastral tergite longer than maximum diameter of eye. Eye located at or slightly behind midlength of head, EPI 100 - 120. Setae abundant everywhere, very dense, long and luxuriant on all body surfaces. Propodeum in profile with a long, shallowly convex dorsum. Larger species, HL 0.85 - 1.05. (Malaysia (West Malaysia), Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi), Philippines (Leyte, Mindanao, Negros, Bohol)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex grandis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex grandis casent0249785 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex grandis casent0249785 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Longest setae on first tergite shorter than maximum diameter of eye. Eye located slightly in front of midlength of head, EPI 80 - 86. Setae present on all dorsal surfaces but short and sparse everywhere. Propodeum in profile with a short, humped dorsum. Smaller species, HL 0.70 - 0.79. (Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak, Sabah), Brunei, Philippines (Luzon, Leyte, Romblon)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex wheeleri]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex-wheeleriH6.3.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex-wheeleriL3.2.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#2 |couplet #2]]<br />
*With head in full-face view the dorsum glassy smooth and shining, unsculptured except for small pits from which setae arise <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
*With head in full-face view the dorsum covered with fine sculpture, usually either reticulate-shagreenate or microreticulate everywhere; sometimes this sculpture reduced and superficial but surface never glassy smooth <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#7 |couplet #7]]<br />
*Anterior clypeal margin with a distinct near-semicircular median impression. Dorsum of mesonotum mostly smooth, with only faint traces of superficial sculpture; propodeal dorsum slightly more strongly sculptured than mesonotum. Eye slightly larger, OI 24 - 27. (Malaysia (Sabah)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex tatius]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex tatius casent0903040 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex tatius casent0903040 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Anterior clypeal margin transverse or nearly so, at most with an extremely weak median indentation, without a near-semicircular impression. Dorsum of mesonotum very densely finely reticulate-punctate; propodeal dorsum as densely sculptured as mesonotum: Eye slightly smaller, or 20 - 24. (Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak), Brunei, Singapore) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex strenuus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex strenuus casent0905788 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex strenuus casent0905788 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|270px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==9==<br />
return to [[#7 |couplet #7]]<br />
*With head in profile the dorsum behind the level of the posterior margin of the eye entirely lacks setae (i.e. setae on the dorsum of the head are restricted to the frontal carinae) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#10|'''. . . . . 10''']]</span><br />
<br />
*With head in profile the dorsum behind the level of the posterior margin of the eye with one or more pairs of setae present (i.e. setae on the dorsum of the head are not restricted to the frontal carinae) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#16|'''. . . . . 16''']]</span><br />
<br />
==10==<br />
return to [[#9 |couplet #9]]<br />
*Entire petiole not the same colour as the gaster; at least the anterior three-quarters of the petiole is yellow and much lighter than the dark brown to black gaster <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#11|'''. . . . . 11''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Entire petiole the same colour (or very nearly) as the gaster, uniformly brown or black. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#12|'''. . . . . 12''']]</span><br />
<br />
==11==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
*Tibiae of all legs yellow, contrasting strongly with the brown femora. Propodeum marked With yellow at least dorsally, sometimes entirely yellow. Scape somewhat longer, SI 120 - 121. (Indonesia (Sulawesi)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex pluto]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex pluto casent0903032 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex pluto casent0903032 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|270px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Tibiae of all legs dark brown, the same colour as the femora. Propodeum entirely dark brown to black, without yellow markings. Scape somewhat shorter, SI 112 - 115. (Indonesia (Sulawesi)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex hades]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex hades casent0903033 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex hades casent0903033 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|260px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==12==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
*Basal half of mandible with a longitudinal groove dorsally, close to its outer margin; the groove extends about half the length of the mandible and is bounded laterally by sharp longitudinal edges. In full-face view the eyes are located distinctly more posteriorly on the head, at or slightly behind the midlength, EPI > 110. (Sri Lanka, India, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, North Korea, Japan, Brunei) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex brunneus]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex brunneus casent0249777 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex brunneus casent0249777 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Basal half of mandible evenly transversely convex dorsally, without a longitudinal groove anywhere. In full-face view the eyes are located distinctly more anteriorly on the head, in front of the midlength, EPI 55 - 92 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#13|'''. . . . . 13''']]</span><br />
<br />
==13==<br />
return to [[#12 |couplet #12]]<br />
*In full-face view the posterior margin of the head is broadly emarginate across its width. Anterior clypeal margin with a small but sharply defined semicircular median notch. Head broader, CI 95 - 106. (India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Philippines (Luzon)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex elatior]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex elatior casent0249783 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex elatior casent0249783 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In full-face view the posterior margin of the head has a small, shallow median indentation only. Anterior clypeal margin with at most a weak and very shallow median concavity. Head narrower, CI 85 - 95 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#14|'''. . . . . 14''']]</span><br />
<br />
==14==<br />
return to [[#13 |couplet #13]]<br />
*Propodeum in profile with dorsum convex and curving broadly into the declivity. Setae on first gastral tergite distinctly longer than maximum diameter of eye, Pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum all Inflated and with a swollen appearance. Pronotum broader, PW 0.45 – 0.48. Scape relatively longer, SI 114 – 124. (Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak, Sabah), Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex butteli]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex butteli casent0249778 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex butteli casent0249778 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Propodeum in profile with dorsum flat or nearly flat and meeting the declivity in a blunt or sharply defined angle. Setae on first gastral tergite usually shorter than maximum diameter of eye, at most about equal to maximum diameter of eye. Pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum not inflated, without a swollen appearance. Pronotum narrower, PW 0.35 – 0.44. Scape relatively shorter, SI 91 – 115 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#15|'''. . . . . 15''']]</span><br />
<br />
==15==<br />
return to [[#14 |couplet #14]]<br />
*Scape relatively short and promesonotum relatively short and broad, SI 91 - 102, DTI 1 10- 124. Eye somewhat smaller, OI 24 - 27. With mesosoma in absolute profile the mesonoral dorsal outline convex, more or less evenly rounded. In same view the junction of the propodeal dorsum and declivity is blunt. (Tramp species: Sri Lanka, India, Vietnam, Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Singapore. Indonesia (Java, Bali, Lombok, Ambon, Sulawesi, Seram, Irian Jaya). Philippines (Mindoro, Luzon), Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is, Palau Is, Micronesia. Hawaii) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex albipes]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex albipes casent0178469 head 1.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex albipes casent0178469 profile 1.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Scape relatively long and promesonotum relatively long and narrow, SI 104 - 115, DTI 128 - 141. Eye somewhat larger, OI 29 - 32. With mesosoma in absolute profile the mesonotal dorsal outline with a more or less flat anterior section that passes through an obtuse angle to a distinctly more strongly sloped posterior declivity. In same view the junction of the propodeal dorsum and declivity is sharply angular. (Tramp species: India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia (West Malaysia), Indonesia (Sulawesi), Philippines (Palawan). Niue I., Vanuata, Samoa, Fiji Is, French Polynesia, Hawaii, Christmas I.) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex vitiensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex vitiensis casent0005326 head 1.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex vitiensis casent0005326 profile 1.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==16==<br />
return to [[#9 |couplet #9]]<br />
*Anterior clypeal margin with a sharply defined deep and very conspicuous median notch or incision that is semicircular to deeply U-shaped <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#17|'''. . . . . 17''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Anterior clypeal margin at most with a poorly defined feeble median indentation or very shallow median concavity <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#19|'''. . . . . 19''']]</span><br />
<br />
==17==<br />
return to [[#16 |couplet #16]]<br />
*Maxillary palp with 5 segments, labial palp with 3 segments. With head in profile a long dorsal seta present at level of both anterior and posterior margins of eye. Setae on first gastral tergite distinctly much longer than maximum diameter of eye. Dorsum of head with weak superficial sculpture only, not blanketed with dense reticulate-shagreenate sculpture. (India, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak, Sabah), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Batjan)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex pratensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex pratensis casent0616420 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex pratensis casent0616420 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
(in part - also [[#3]]) <br />
<br />
*Maxillary palp with 6 segments, labial palp with 4 segments. With head in profile a long dorsal seta present at level of anterior margin of eye but without one at level of posterior margin of eye. Setae on first gastral tergite at most equal to maximum diameter of eye. Dorsum of head blanketed with dense reticulate-shagreenate sculpture <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#18|'''. . . . . 18''']]</span><br />
<br />
==18==<br />
return to [[#17 |couplet #17]]<br />
*Dorsum of head in profile with setae present at the posterior margin. Inner margin of clypeal notch meets the anterior clypeal margin in a sharp angle on each side. Setae on gastral tergites 1 - 2 sparse and minute, the longest less then 0.50 x the maximum diameter of the eye. Setae on gastral tergite 4 about twice as long as those on gastral tergites 1 – 2. (Thailand, Vietnam) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex yamanei]]'' <br />
<br />
*Dorsum of head in profile without setae at the posterior margin. Inner margin of clypeal notch curves bluntly into the anterior clypeal margin on each side. Setae on gastral tergites 1 - 2 numerous and conspicuous, the longest about equal to the maximum diameter of the eye or only functionally shorter. Setae on gastral tergite 4 not twice as long as those on gastral tergites 1 - 2. (Laos, Thailand, Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex modiglianii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex modiglianii casent0616940 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex modiglianii casent0616940 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==19==<br />
return to [[#16 |couplet #16]]<br />
*With head in profile the dorsum without a pair of setae at, or extremely close to, the level of the posterior margin of the eye. Dorsum of head behind the level of the posterior margin of the eye usually with one, more rarely with two, pairs of setae <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#20|'''. . . . . 20''']]</span><br />
<br />
*With head in profile the dorsum with a pair of setae at, or extremely close to, the level of the posterior margin of the eye. Dorsum of head behind the level of the posterior margin of the eye with one or more pairs of setae present <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#26|'''. . . . . 26''']]</span><br />
<br />
==20==<br />
return to [[#19 |couplet #19]]<br />
*With head in profile the dorsum behind the level of the posterior margin of the eye with two pairs of inconspicuous short setae. (Tramp species: not yet recorded from these regions) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex pallipes]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex pallipes casent0109857 head 1.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex pallipes casent0109857 profile 1.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*With head in profile the dorsum behind the level of the posterior margin of the eye conspicuously with only a single pair of setae <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#21|'''. . . . . 21''']]</span><br />
<br />
==21==<br />
return to [[#20 |couplet #20]]<br />
*With propodeum in absolute profile the dorsum meets the declivity in a markied angle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#22|'''. . . . . 22''']]</span><br />
<br />
*With propodeum in absolute profile the dorsum meets the declivity through a rounded curve <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#24|'''. . . . . 24''']]</span><br />
<br />
==22==<br />
return to [[#21 |couplet #21]]<br />
*Eyes located relatively posteriorly on the head, EPI 100 or more. Basal two-thirds or more of hind basitarsus black, the same colour as the hind tibia. (Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak), Indonesia (Java)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex rotundiceps]]'' <br />
<br />
*Eyes located relatively anteriorly on the head EPI < 90. Entire hind basitarsus distinctly paler than the hind tibia <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#23|'''. . . . . 23''']]</span><br />
<br />
==23==<br />
return to [[#22 |couplet #22]]<br />
*Setae on first gastral tergite very long, about 1.50 x longer than the maximum diameter of the eye. Scape shorter, SI 88. Eve smaller) OI 21. Mesosoma relatively short and stocky, DTI 112 - 119. (Malaysia (West Malaysi)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex myops]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex myops casent0903036 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex myops casent0903036 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Setae on first gastral tergite short, the longest about equal to the maximum diameter of the eye. Scape longer, SI 95 - 107. Eye larger, OI 25 - 30. Mesosoma relatively more elongate. DTI 127 - 135. (Tramp species: Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sabah), Indonesia (Flores, Krakatau Is), Philippines (Luzon. Bayagnan), Papua New Guinea, Marianas Is, Micronesia) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex difficilis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex difficilis casent0003318 head 1.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex difficilis casent0003318 profile 1.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==24==<br />
return to [[#21 |couplet #21]]<br />
*Pronotum, mesonotum and propodeal declivity without setae. Posteriormost setae on dorsum of head and longest setae on first gastral tergite very short, only about 0.35 x the maximum diameter of the eye. (Papua New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex tonsuratus]]'' <br />
<br />
*Pronotum, mesonotum and propodeal declivity with setae present. Posteriormost setae on dorsum of head and longest setae on first gastral tergite much longer, > 0.60 x the maximum diameter of the eye <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#25|'''. . . . . 25''']]</span><br />
<br />
==25==<br />
return to [[#24 |couplet #24]]<br />
*Middle and hind coxae dark brown to black, the same colour as the mesosoma or very nearly so. Dorsume of head with coarse microreticulate-punctulate sculpture. Larger species, HW 0.71 - 0.73; scape relatively slightly shorter, eyes smaller and located somewhat more posteriorly, SI 108 - 117, OI 24 - 25, EPI 85 - 90. (Papua New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex mixtus]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex mixtus casent0249794 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex mixtus casent0249794 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Middle and hind coxae yellow, strongly contrasting with the blackish brown mesosoma. Dorsum of head with fine superficial microreticulate sculpture only. Smaller species, HW 0.56 - 0.58; scape relatively slightly longer, eyes larger and located somewhat more anteriorly SI 117 - 121, OI 27 - 29, EPI 77 - 81. (Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex albicoxis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex albicoxis casent0249774 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex albicoxis casent0249774 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==26==<br />
return to [[#19 |couplet #19]]<br />
*Posterior margin of head with a transverse row of 6 - 10 setae across its width, 3 – 5 on each side of the midline <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#27|'''. . . . . 27''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Posterior margin of head without a transverse row of setae across its width (margin may be crossed by 2 setae but these arise well in front of the margin) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#29|'''. . . . . 29''']]</span><br />
<br />
==27==<br />
return to [[#26 |couplet #26]]<br />
*Head, mesosoma, petiole, gaster and middle and hind coxae uniformly black. Small species with small eyes; HW 0.51, OI 23. (Brunei) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex certus]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex certus casent0903037 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex certus casent0903037 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head, mesosoma, petiole, gaster and middle and hind coxae not uniformly black. Larger species with larger eyes; HW 0.62 - 0.64, OI 26 - 28 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#28|'''. . . . . 28''']]</span><br />
<br />
==28==<br />
return to [[#27 |couplet #27]]<br />
*Petiole and middle and hind coxae yellow, lighter in colour than the mesosoma. Longest hairs on first gastral tergite shorter than the maximum diameter of the eye. (India) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex indicus]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex indicus casent0903039 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex indicus casent0903039 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiole and middle and hind coxae light brown, the same colour as the mesosoma. Longest hairs on first gastral tergite longer than the maximum diameter of the eye. (Indonesia (Irian Jaya)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex prevaricus]]''<br />
<br />
==29==<br />
return to [[#26 |couplet #26]]<br />
*Longest setae on first gastral tergite short and stubbly, only about 0.50 x the maximum diameter of the eye. Pair of setae on the dorsum of the head closest to posterior margin very short, only about 0.45 x maximum diameter of eve. With head in full-face view the eyes strongly convex, their outer margins conspicuously break the outlines of the sides. (Malaysia (Sabah)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex fornax]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex fornax casent0616671 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex fornax casent0616671 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Longest setae on first gastral tergite at least equal to the maximum diameter of the eye. Pair of setae on the dorsum of the head closest to posterior margin longer, at least 0.70 x maximum diameter of eye or usually more. With head in full-face view the eyes more weakly convex, their outer margins at most just touch the outlines of the sides <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#30|'''. . . . . 30''']]</span><br />
<br />
==30==<br />
return to [[#29 |couplet #29]]<br />
*In profile the propodeal dorsum and declivity meet in a distinct sharp angle. Eyes located at mid length of head in full-face view, EPI 98; eye relatively larger, OI 30. Frontal carinae each with 2 setae present; mesonotum with 1 pair of setae. Larger species with narrower head, HW 0.71, SL 0.84, CI 87. (Malaysia (Sabah)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex subgracilis]]'' <br />
<br />
*In profile the propodeal dorsum and declivity meet in a bluntly rounded angle or curve. Eyes located in front of midlength of head in full-face view, EPI 78 - 85; eye relatively smaller, OI 25 - 27. Frontal carinae each with 3 – 4 setae present; mesonotum with 2 - 3 pairs of setae. Smaller species with broader head, HW 0.56 - 0.62, SL 0.56 - 0.72, CI 92 - 95. (Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea; also in Australia (Queensland)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex cheesmanae]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex cheesmanae casent0249780 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex cheesmanae casent0249780 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==31==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Second gastral tergite without setae <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#32|'''. . . . . 32''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Second gastral tergite with at least one pair of setae <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#37|'''. . . . . 37''']]</span><br />
<br />
==32==<br />
return to [[#31 |couplet #31]]<br />
*Third gastral tergite with a transverse row of 6 - 8 setae present. Anterior clypeal margin in full-face view with a conspicuous long, U-shaped median incision. Strongly polymorphic species. (Malaysia (West Malaysia. Sarawak, Sabah), Brunel, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex lisae]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex lisae casent0249792 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex lisae casent0249792 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Third gastral tergite without setae. Anterior clypeal margin in full-face view at most with a small, shallow median impression or a weak indentation of the margin <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#33|'''. . . . . 33''']]</span><br />
<br />
==33==<br />
return to [[#32 |couplet #32]]<br />
*Leading edges of scapes and lateral margins of head in full-face view with dense, conspicuously elevated short pubescence. Metathoracic spiracles borne on strongly projecting tubercles. Polymorphic species. (Malaysia (Sabah)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex horrens]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex horrens casent0903042 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex horrens casent0903042 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Leading edges of scapes and lateral margins of head in full-face view with minute appressed pubescence only. Metathoracic spiracles not borne on strongly projecting tubercles. Monomorphic species <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#34|'''. . . . . 34''']]</span><br />
<br />
==34==<br />
return to [[#33 |couplet #33]]<br />
*Scape longer, SI 120 – 126. Eyes located more posteriorly, EPI 60 – 70. (Papua New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex gilvus]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex gilvus casent0903047 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex gilvus casent0903047 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|260px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Scape shorter, SI 85 - 100. Eyes located more anteriorly, EPI 44 - 58 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#35|'''. . . . . 35''']]</span><br />
<br />
==35==<br />
return to [[#34 |couplet #34]]<br />
*Eye relatively small, OI 23 - 25. In full-face view the outer margin of the eye far inset from the outline of the side of the head, the distance separating them almost equal to the basal width of the scape. (Malaysia (Sabah), Indonesia (Sulawesi), Papua New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex dubius]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex dubius casent0249782 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex dubius casent0249782 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Eye relatively large, OI 27 - 30. In full-face view the outer margin of the eye close to or even interrupting the outline of the side of the head, at maximum the distance separating them only a fraction of the basal width of the scape <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#36|'''. . . . . 36''']]</span><br />
<br />
==36==<br />
return to [[#35 |couplet #35]]<br />
*With mesosoma in profile the outline of the mesonotal dorsum with a long, more or less flat anterior section; the dorsum then passes through a distinct angle or step into a much more steeply descending. declivitous posterior face. Scape averaging slightly longer, SI 93 - 100. (Malaysia (West Malaysia), Indonesia (Java), Philippines (Palawan)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex textor]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex textor casent0905072 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex textor casent0905072 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*With mesosoma in profile the outline of the mesonotal dorsum consists of a single convex surface, not divided into a flat anterior section and a posterior declivity that are separated by a step or angle. Scape averaging slightly shorter, SI 85 - 93. (Japan, North Korea) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex gibbosus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex gibbosus casent0280683 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex gibbosus casent0280683 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==37==<br />
return to [[#31 |couplet #31]]<br />
*Maxillary palp with 4 segments, labial palp with 3 segments. Setae on gastral tergites 2 - 3 extremely short and inconspicuous, only about 0.20 x the maximum diameter of the eye<br />
. . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex reductus]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex reductus casent0903046 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex reductus casent0903046 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Maxillary palp with 6 segments, labial palp with 4 segments. Setae on gastral tergites 2 - 3 conspicuous, at least 0.50 x the maximum diameter of the eye <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#38|'''. . . . . 38''']]</span><br />
<br />
==38==<br />
return to [[#37 |couplet #37]]<br />
*With propodeum in absolute profile the dorsal surface with a conspicuous abrupt indentation or notch in its outline, close to or at its mid length; in dorsal view this indentation appears as a transverse groove <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#39|'''. . . . . 39''']]</span><br />
<br />
*With propodeum in absolute profile the dorsal surface without an indentation or notch in its outline; in dorsal view without a transverse groove <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#40|'''. . . . . 40''']]</span><br />
<br />
==39==<br />
return to [[#38 |couplet #38]]<br />
*Head, mesosoma and gaster dark brown to black; dorsal surfaces of head and pronotum matt and dull, blanketed with dense reticulate-punctulate sculpture everywhere. Mesopleuron entirely reticulate-punctulate. Middle and hind tarsi yellow, much lighter than the dark brown to black tibiae, the two strongly contrasting. (Malaysia (Sabah)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex impressus]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex impressus casent0616920 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex impressus casent0616920 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head, mesosoma and gaster light brown; dorsal surfaces of head and pronotum superficially sculptured. Mesopleuron smooth, or at most with faint superficial reticulation. Middle and hind tarsi dull yellow, approximately the same colour as the tibiae, the two not strongly contrasting. (Malaysia (Sarawak)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex gaudens]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex gaudens casent0903043 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex gaudens casent0903043 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==40==<br />
return to [[#38 |couplet #38]]<br />
*Head capsule and gaster very dark brown, almost black, very strongly contrasting to the mandibles, antennae, mesosoma, petiole and legs which are all the same shade of yellow. (Sri Lanka) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex bicolor]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex bicolor casent0905071 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex bicolor casent0905071 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head capsule and mesosoma unicolourous or nearly so; colours variable but head and body not strikingly bicoloured as described above <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#41|'''. . . . . 41''']]</span><br />
<br />
==41==<br />
return to [[#40 |couplet #40]]<br />
*In profile the full adult colour of the head, mesosoma and gaster brown to black, all three the same shade or very nearly so <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#42|'''. . . . . 42''']]</span><br />
<br />
*In profile either the full adult colour of the head, mesosoma and gaster all yellow to light yellowish brown, or the head or gaster, or often both, slightly darker in shade than the mesosoma. (Sri Lanka, China (Hong Kong), Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sabah), Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia (Krakatau Is) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex horni]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex horni casent0249786 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex horni casent0249786 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|}<br />
and ''[[Technomyrmex schimmeri]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex schimmeri focol2877 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex schimmeri focol2877 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|310px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==42==<br />
return to [[#41 |couplet #41]]<br />
*Propodeum in profile with a relatively long, flat dorsal surface: length of dorsum almost twice the depth of the declivity to the spiracle, or more. (Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal, China) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex obscurior]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex obscurior casent0249798 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex obscurior casent0249798 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Propodeum in profile with a relatively short, convex to almost flat dorsal surface: length of dorsum at most is equal to the depth of the declivity to the spiracle, often less <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#43|'''. . . . . 43''']]</span><br />
<br />
==43==<br />
return to [[#42 |couplet #42]]<br />
*Scape relatively very long, SI 130 - 135. (China (Guilin)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex antennus]]'' <br />
<br />
*Scape relatively shorter, SI 88 - 125 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#44|'''. . . . . 44''']]</span><br />
<br />
==44==<br />
return to [[#43 |couplet #43]]<br />
*Middle and hind tibiae yellow, the same colour as the tarsi. Median clypeal notch broad and shallow, less than semicircular; in full-face view the maximum depth of the notch only about 0.25 x the distance from the posterior margin of the notch to the clypeal suture. Second and third gastral tergites each apparently with one pair of long setae. (India) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex rector]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex rector casent0903045 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex rector casent0903045 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Middle and hind tibiae brown to blackish brown, darker than the off-white to dull yellow tarsi. Median clypeal notch longer; in full-face view the maximum length of the notch about 0.45 x the distance from the posterior margin of the notch to the clypeal suture, or more. Second gastral tergite with 2 pairs of long setae; third gastral tergite with 3 pairs <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#45|'''. . . . . 45''']]</span><br />
<br />
==45==<br />
return to [[#44 |couplet #44]]<br />
*Middle and hind coxae off-white to yellow, distinctly much lighter in colour than the femora and the mesosoma and strongly contrasting with them. (Thailand, Malaysia (West Malaysia, Sarawak, Sabah), Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi), Palau Is, Micronesia) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex kraepelini]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex kraepelini casent0178471 head 1.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex kraepelini casent0178471 profile 1.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Middle and hind coxae light to dark brown, about the same colour as the femora and mesosoma, not strongly contrasting. (Malaysia (Sarawak), Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines (Luzon, Romblon)) . . . . . ''[[Technomyrmex sundaicus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex sundaicus casent0904026 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Technomyrmex sundaicus casent0904026 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Technomyrmex]][[Category:Technomyrmex]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Oriental_Leptogenys&diff=709129Key to Oriental Leptogenys2024-03-26T20:51:50Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This worker key is based on K. Arimoto and S. Yamane, 2018 who in turn state "As supporting information, we update the key of Xu and He (2015) by adding information related to species described in Zryanin (2016), Arimoto (2017a, 2017b), and the current study."<br />
<br />
You may also be interested in<br />
<br />
*''[[Leptogenys]]''<br />
*[[Oriental and Australian Leptogenys species groups|Oriental and Australian ''Leptogenys'' species groups]]<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*Hypostomal tooth present and visible in full-face view <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Hypostomal tooth absent <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
<br />
*Median lobe of clypeus without apical median extension. Body surface mostly with shagreened sculpture, without standing long hairs <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Median lobe of clypeus with apical median extension. Body surface mostly with areolate-rugose sculpture, covered with standing long hairs <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#2 |couplet #2]]<br />
<br />
*Head, mesosoma and gaster finely punctate, not pruinose (Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Madagascar) . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys falcigera]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys falcigera casent0003814 head 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys falcigera casent0003814 profile 1.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head, mesosoma and gaster densely pruinose, not punctate (Sri Lanka) . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys pruinosa]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys pruinosa casent0281920 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys pruinosa casent0281920 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|260px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#2 |couplet #2]]<br />
<br />
*Petiole in profile longer than or almost as long as high (LPI: 94–102); dorsal face of node subhorizontal (Malaysia) . . . . .''[[Leptogenys breviloba]]''<br />
<br />
*Petiole in profile higher than long (LPI: 103– 122); dorsal face of node distinctly sloping anteriad <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
<br />
*Head in full-face view shorter (CI: 88–101). Mandible curved near base, becoming straight apically. Clypeus with lateral lobe <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head in full-face view longer (CI: 77–83). Mandible distinctly curved throughout. Clypeus without lateral lobe <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#5 |couplet #5]]<br />
<br />
*Head in full-face view almost as long as wide (CI: 98–101). Antennal scape distinctly long (SL: 1.83–1.95; SI: 115–121), surpassing posterior margin of head by two-fifths of its length. Median clypeal extension with truncate apex (Malaysia). . . . . .''[[Leptogenys malayana]]''<br />
<br />
*Head in full-face view longer than wide (CI: 88–95). Antennal scape long (SL: 1.40–1.80; SI: 99–110), surpassing posterior margin of head by one-fifth to one-third of its length. Median clypeal extension with convex apex. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#6 |couplet #6]]<br />
<br />
*Head in full-face view slightly longer than wide (CI: 93–95). Clypeus with blunt angle between lateral lobe and median extension. Petiole in profile distinctly higher than long (LPI: 109– 118); anterior face of node ventrally vertical and dorsally forming continuous curve with dorsum (Malaysia) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys itoi]]''<br />
<br />
*Head in full-face view distinctly longer than wide (CI: 88–90). Clypeus smoothly incurved between lateral lobe and median extension. Petiole in profile slightly higher than long (LPI: 103– 108); node with anterior and dorsal faces forming continuous curve (Indonesia) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys modiglianii]]''<br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#5 |couplet #5]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node with anterior and dorsal faces forming continuous curve. Gastral segment II covered with scalloped depressions, which close to each other. Body covered with understory layer of short dense hairs (Indonesia) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys curva]]''<br />
<br />
*Anterior face of petiolar node ventrally vertical and dorsally forming continuous curve with dorsum. Gastral segment II smooth. Short hairs not forming understory layer (Malaysia) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys kanaoi]]''<br />
<br />
==9==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar dorsal margin ends in blunt pointed tooth that projects beyond posterior margin (Vietnam) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys leleji]]''<br />
<br />
*Petiolar dorsal margin ends without pointed tooth <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#10|'''. . . . . 10''']]</span><br />
<br />
==10==<br />
return to [[#9 |couplet #9]]<br />
<br />
*Masticatory margin of mandible with more than two teeth and denticles in addition to the apical one <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#11|'''. . . . . 11''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Masticatory margin of mandible usually edentate, at most with one tooth in addition to the apical one <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#24|'''. . . . . 24''']]</span><br />
<br />
==11==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum rugose throughout. First gastral segment coarsely reticulate-rugose (Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand) . . . . . ''[[Leptogenys aspera]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys aspera casent0281940 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys aspera casent0281940 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum punctate or mostly smooth and shiny, if anteriorly striate then at least posterior half smooth and shiny. First gastral segment smooth and shiny <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#12|'''. . . . . 12''']]</span><br />
<br />
==12==<br />
return to [[#11 |couplet #11]]<br />
<br />
*Head quadrate or subquadrate in full-face view, about as broad as long. Petiolar node longitudinally compressed and squamiform in lateral view, acute at summit, without distinct dorsal margin, the node above anterior and posterior articulations at least 2 times as broad as long in dorsal view <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#13|'''. . . . . 13''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head rectangular in full-face view, distinctly longer than broad. Petiolar node longitudinally thickened or elongate, roughly triangular or cubical in lateral view, dorsal margin long or narrowly convex, always distinct, the node above anterior and posterior articulations at most 1.5 times as broad as long in dorsal view <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#15|'''. . . . . 15''']]</span><br />
<br />
==13==<br />
return to [[#12 |couplet #12]]<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum sparsely punctate throughout. Posterior head margin straight in full-face view. Apex of clypeus acutely toothed (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys dentilobis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys dentilobis casent0902609 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys dentilobis casent0902609 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum smooth and shiny. Posterior head margin weakly to strongly concave in full-face view. Apex of clypeus convex <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#14|'''. . . . . 14''']]</span><br />
<br />
==14==<br />
return to [[#13 |couplet #13]]<br />
<br />
*Posterior head margin weakly concave, anterior half of head dorsum longitudinally striate, the striations reaching posterior eye margin. Antennal segments IV–VI about as broad as long. Subpetiolar process broad and triangular. Body color reddish brown (Myanmar, India, China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys birmana]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys birmana casent0281921 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys birmana casent0281921 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Posterior head margin strongly concave, anterior third of head dorsum longitudinally striate, the striations not reaching posterior eye margin. Antennal segments IV–VI longer than broad. Subpetiolar process narrow and cuneiform. Body color brownish black (India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys processionalis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys processionalis casent0217534 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys processionalis casent0217534 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|260px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==15==<br />
return to [[#12 |couplet #12]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node longitudinally elongate and horizontally triangular, distinctly longer than high in lateral view, about twice as long as broad in dorsal view. Masticatory margin of mandible with 14 irregular teeth and denticles (Laos) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys khammouanensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys khammouanensis.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node longitudinally thickened, erectly triangular or subcubical, about as high as long or distinctly higher than long in lateral view, about as broad as long or distinctly broader than long in dorsal view. Masticatory margin of mandible with less than 10 teeth and denticles <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#16|'''. . . . . 16''']]</span><br />
<br />
==16==<br />
return to [[#15 |couplet #15]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node erectly triangular in lateral view, dorsal and anterior margins form a single arch, the two margins not separated by a distinct blunt angle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#17|'''. . . . . 17''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiolar node subquadrate in lateral view, dorsal and anterior margins not forming a single arch, the two margins separated by a distinct blunt angle <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#18|'''. . . . . 18''']]</span><br />
<br />
==17==<br />
return to [[#16 |couplet #16]]<br />
<br />
*Head largely sparsely punctate and opaque. Posterior head margin weakly convex in full-face view. Metanotal groove not impressed in lateral view. Head, mesosoma and petiole black, gaster blackish brown (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys moelleri]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys moelleri casent0281928 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys moelleri casent0281928 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|260px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head smooth and shiny. Posterior head margin weakly concave in full-face view. Metanotal groove distinctly impressed in lateral view. Body color reddish brown (Vietnam, China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys davydovi]]''<br />
<br />
==18==<br />
return to [[#16 |couplet #16]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node thickly trapezoidal in lateral view, dorsal margin as long as or longer than anterior margin. Body color brownish yellow <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#19|'''. . . . . 19''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiolar node thinly trapezoidal in lateral view, dorsal margin distinctly shorter than anterior margin. Body color reddish brown to black <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#20|'''. . . . . 20''']]</span><br />
<br />
==19==<br />
return to [[#18 |couplet #18]]<br />
<br />
*Dorsal margin of petiolar node about as long as anterior margin in lateral view; the node relatively narrow in dorsal view, about 1.2 times as broad as long. Declivity of propodeum without transverse striation (Myanmar, China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys crassicornis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys crassicornis casent0281924 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys crassicornis casent0281924 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Dorsal margin of petiolar node longer than anterior margin in lateral view; the node relatively broad in dorsal view, about 1.4 times as broad as long. Declivity of propodeum with transverse striation (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys emiliae]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys emiliae casent0907374 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==20==<br />
return to [[#18 |couplet #18]]<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum sparsely punctate throughout <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#21|'''. . . . . 21''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head dorsum mostly smooth and shiny <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#22|'''. . . . . 22''']]</span><br />
<br />
==21==<br />
return to [[#20 |couplet #20]]<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum largely sparsely punctate. Antennae relatively shorter, scape surpassing posterior head corner by about one fifth of its length, antennal segments III–VI about as broad as long. Metanotal groove not impressed in lateral view. Body color brownish black (India, Myanmar) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys roberti]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys roberti casent0281929 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys roberti casent0281929 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum finely sparsely punctate. Antennae relatively longer, scape surpassing posterior head corner by about one third of its length, antennal segments III–VI distinctly longer than broad. Metanotal groove distinctly impressed in lateral view. Body color black (Sri Lanka) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys yerburyi]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys yerburyi casent0281927 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys yerburyi casent0281927 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==22==<br />
return to [[#20 |couplet #20]]<br />
<br />
*Head distinctly longer than broad in full-face view, about 1.4 times as long as broad, posterior margin weakly convex. Inner margin of mandible distinctly denticulate (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys dalyi]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys dalyi casent0281930 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys dalyi casent0281930 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Head slightly longer than broad in full-face view, at most 1.2 times as long as broad, posterior margin straight or weakly concave. Inner margin of mandible edentate <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#23|'''. . . . . 23''']]</span><br />
<br />
==23==<br />
return to [[#22 |couplet #22]]<br />
<br />
*Mandible with 5 teeth on the masticatory margin. Subpetiolar process semicircular, rounded at apex. Body color reddish brown (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys strena]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys strena.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Mandible with 7–8 teeth and denticles on the masticatory margin. Subpetiolar process triangular, angled at apex. Body color black (India, Myanmar, China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys lucidula]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys lucidula casent0281926 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys lucidula casent0281926 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==24==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
<br />
*Eye located posterior to mid-length of head <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#25|'''. . . . . 25''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Eye located near mid-length of head <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#27|'''. . . . . 27''']]</span><br />
<br />
==25==<br />
return to [[#24 |couplet #24]]<br />
<br />
*Gastral segments I–II longitudinally striate (Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys cyanicatena]]''<br />
<br />
*Gastral segments I–II smooth <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#26|'''. . . . . 26''']]</span><br />
<br />
==26==<br />
return to [[#25 |couplet #25]]<br />
<br />
*Eye length in full-face view more than one-fourth of head lateral margin length. Outer margin of eye just breaking lateral outline of head. Head and petiolar node smooth except for anterior part of frons and gena weakly longitudinally striate (Malaysia) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys chalybaea]]''<br />
<br />
*Eye length in full-face view less than one-fourth of head lateral margin length. Eyes distinctly interrupts lateral outline of head. Head and petiolar node striate (Vietnam) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys atra]]''<br />
<br />
==27==<br />
return to [[#24 |couplet #24]]<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum striate throughout <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#28|'''. . . . . 28''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head dorsum punctate throughout or mostly smooth and shiny, at most punctate or rugose anterior to eyes <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#29|'''. . . . . 29''']]</span><br />
<br />
==28==<br />
return to [[#27 |couplet #27]]<br />
<br />
*Clypeus with distinct longitudinal central carina. Sides of pronotum smooth, finely rugulose or finely reticulate; sides of mesothorax, metathorax and propodeum irregularly rugose (India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, China, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys diminuta]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys diminuta casent0106010 head 1.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys diminuta casent0106010 profile 1.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Clypeus without longitudinal central carina. Mesosoma regularly longitudinally striate (India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys kitteli]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys kitteli casent0217530 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys kitteli casent0217530 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==29==<br />
return to [[#27 |couplet #27]]<br />
<br />
*Head dorsum punctate throughout <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#30|'''. . . . . 30''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head dorsum mostly smooth and shiny, at most punctate or rugose anterior to eyes.<span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#42|'''. . . . . 42''']]</span><br />
<br />
==30==<br />
return to [[#28 |couplet #28]]<br />
<br />
*First gastral segment mostly punctate <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#31|'''. . . . . 31''']]</span><br />
<br />
*First gastral segment smooth and shiny <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#35|'''. . . . . 35''']]</span><br />
<br />
==31==<br />
return to [[#30 |couplet #30]]<br />
<br />
*Head roughly rectangular in full-face view, not widening anteriorly, posterior margin roundly convex. Anterior apex of clypeus strongly convex <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#32|'''. . . . . 32''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head roughly trapezoidal in full-face view, distinctly widening anteriorly, posterior margin nearly straight. Anterior apex of clypeus truncate or nearly truncate <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#33|'''. . . . . 33''']]</span><br />
<br />
==32==<br />
return to [[#31 |couplet #31]]<br />
<br />
*Posterior head margin weakly convex in full-face view. Dorsum of promesonotum almost straight in lateral view, metanotal groove narrowly impressed. Petiolar node trapezoidal in dorsal view, anterolateral corners narrowly rounded. Head, mesosoma, and petiole densely reticulate-rugose. Body color blackish brown. Total length 4–5 mm (India, Sri Lanka) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys hysterica]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys hysterica casent0915229 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys hysterica casent0915229 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Posterior head margin strongly convex in full-face view. Dorsum of promesonotum moderately convex in lateral view, metanotal groove widely impressed. Petiolar node nearly semicircular in dorsal view, anterolateral corners rounded. Head, mesosoma, and petiole densely punctate. Body color blackish brown. Total length 7.9–8.5 mm (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys hezhouensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys hezhouensis.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==33==<br />
return to [[#31 |couplet #31]]<br />
<br />
*Antennae relatively shorter, only one fourth of length of scape surpassing posterior head corner, segments 3 and 4 about equal. Anterior margin of petiolar node straight and vertical, anterodorsal corner narrowly rounded. Total length 5.2–5.7 mm (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys yandii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys yandii h.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys yandii p.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Antennae relatively longer, one third or half of length of scape surpassing posterior head corner, segment 3 distinctly longer than segment 4. Anterior margin of petiolar node weakly convex and slope, anterodorsal corner broadly rounded <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#34|'''. . . . . 34''']]</span><br />
<br />
==34==<br />
return to [[#33 |couplet #33]]<br />
<br />
*Eyes larger and occupying one third of head side. Antennae shorter, about one third of scape length surpassing posterior head corner. Head dorsum finely densely punctate. Dorsa of mesosoma, petiole and first gastral segment sparsely punctate with interspaces relatively shiny; sides of mesosoma and petiolar node longitudinally rugose, posterior two thirds of side of first gastral segment smooth and shiny, second gastral segment smooth and shiny. Total length 5–6 mm (India, Philippines) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys punctiventris]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys punctiventris casent0281939 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys punctiventris casent0281939 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Eyes smaller and occupying one fourth of head side. Antennae longer, nearly half of scape length surpassing posterior head corner. Head, mesosoma, petiole and first gastral segment densely punctate with interspaces coarsely reticulate-rugose and dull, second gastral segment sparsely punctate. Total length 9–10 mm (Myanmar, India, China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys binghamii]]''<br />
<br />
==35==<br />
return to [[#30 |couplet #30]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node roughly conical in lateral view, without distinct dorsal margin, broader than long in dorsal view (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys jeanettei]]''<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node roughly trapezoidal in lateral view, dorsal margin long and slope down anteriorly, as broad as long or longer than broad in dorsal view <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#36|'''. . . . . 36''']]</span><br />
<br />
==36==<br />
return to [[#35 |couplet #35]]<br />
<br />
*Clypeus truncate at apex (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys huapingensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys huapingensis.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Clypeus convex at apex, not truncate <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#37|'''. . . . . 37''']]</span><br />
<br />
==37==<br />
return to [[#36 |couplet #36]]<br />
<br />
*Dorsal faces of head, mesosoma and petiolar node densely punctate and opaque <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#38|'''. . . . . 38''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Dorsal face of head loosely punctate with interspaces relatively shiny, dorsal faces of mesosoma and petiolar node smooth and shiny <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#39|'''. . . . . 39''']]</span><br />
<br />
==38==<br />
return to [[#37 |couplet #37]]<br />
<br />
*Inner margin of mandible roundly convex, basal corner bluntly angled. Pronotum densely punctate with sides longitudinally striate. Anterodorsal corner of petiolar node broadly rounded in lateral view. Body color black. Robust species with total length 7.1–7.8 mm (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys zhuangzii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys zhuangzii.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Inner margin of mandible nearly straight, basal corner rounded without clear angle. Pronotum finely rugulose with sides smooth and shiny. Anterodorsal corner of petiolar node narrowly rounded in lateral view. Body color blackish brown. Slender species with total length 4.5–5.0 mm (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys laozii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys laozii.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==39==<br />
return to [[#37 |couplet #37]]<br />
<br />
*Antennal segments relatively shorter, segment III about 1.5 times as long as broad, about as long as segment IV <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#40|'''. . . . . 40''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Antennal segments relatively longer, segment III about 2.4–2.9 times as long as broad, distinctly longer than segment IV <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#41|'''. . . . . 41''']]</span><br />
<br />
==40==<br />
return to [[#39 |couplet #39]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node higher than long in lateral view, with anterodorsal corner narrowly rounded. Mesopleuron and metapleuron mostly smooth and shiny. Body color black to blackish brown. Total length 4.5–5.2 mm (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys mengzii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys mengzii.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node as high as long in lateral view, with anterodorsal corner broadly rounded. Mesopleuron and metapleuron mostly densely rugose and opaque. Body color reddish brown. Total length 5.6–6.4 mm (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys rufida]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Zhou et al. 2012 Leptogenys rufida.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==41==<br />
return to [[#39 |couplet #39]]<br />
<br />
*Basal corner of mandible bluntly angled. Anterodorsal corner of petiolar node narrowly rounded. Body color black. Relatively smaller species with total length 5.5–5.7 mm (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys lattkei]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys lattkei antweb1008007 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys lattkei antweb1008007 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Basal corner of mandible rounded without clear angle. Anterodorsal corner of petiolar node broadly rounded. Body color blackish brown. Relatively larger species with total length 6.4–6.7 mm (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys transitionis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys transitionis antweb1008005 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys transitionis antweb1008005 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==42==<br />
return to [[#29 |couplet #29]]<br />
<br />
*Body color blackish brown, with metallic green iridescence. Total length 6.7 mm (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys stenocheilos]]''<br />
<br />
*Body color reddish brown to black, without metallic green iridescence <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#43|'''. . . . . 43''']]</span><br />
<br />
==43==<br />
return to [[#42 |couplet #42]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node strongly elongate in lateral view, about 1.5 times as long as high <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#44|'''. . . . . 44''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiolar node moderately to weakly elongate in lateral view, less than 1.2 times as long as high <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#45|'''. . . . . 45''']]</span><br />
<br />
==44==<br />
return to [[#43 |couplet #43]]<br />
<br />
*Antennal scape relatively shorter, surpassing posterior head corner by about two fifths of its length. Petiolar node elongate trapezoidal in lateral view, with very short but distinct anterior margin. Body color reddish brown. Relatively smaller species with total length 6.5–7 mm (India) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys assamensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys assamensis casent0902617 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys assamensis casent0902617 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Antennal scape very long, surpassing posterior head corner by half of its length. Petiolar node triangular in lateral view, without anterior margin. Body color black. Large species with total length 13–13.5 mm (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys pangui]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys pangui.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==45==<br />
return to [[#43 |couplet #43]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node moderately elongate, as long as high or distinctly longer than high in lateral view <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#46|'''. . . . . 46''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiolar node weakly elongate, distinctly higher than long in lateral view, about 1.3-1.4 times as high as long. <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#49|'''. . . . . 49''']]</span><br />
<br />
==46==<br />
return to [[#45 |couplet #45]]<br />
<br />
*Clypeus truncated at apex. Lager species with total length 8–11 mm <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#47|'''. . . . . 47''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Clypeus convex at apex. Smaller species with total length 4.5–7 mm <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#48|'''. . . . . 48''']]</span><br />
<br />
==47==<br />
return to [[#46 |couplet #46]]<br />
<br />
*Dorsal faces between eyes and antennal sockets smooth and shiny, without longitudinal rugae. Propodeal declivity transversely striate, not smooth. Petiolar node relatively broader in dorsal view, about 1.3 times as long as broad. Relatively smaller species with total length 8–10 mm (India, Sri Lanka, Philippines, China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys chinensis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys chinensis casent0270544 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys chinensis casent0270544 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Dorsal faces between eyes and antennal sockets longitudinal rugose and opaque. Propodeal declivity smooth and shiny, without transverse striations. Petiolar node relatively narrower in dorsal view, about twice as long as broad. Relatively larger species with total length 9–11 mm (Indonesia, Vietnam, China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys kraepelini]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys kraepelini casent0281936 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys kraepelini casent0281936 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==48==<br />
return to [[#46 |couplet #46]]<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node distinctly longer than high in lateral view. Sides of mesothorax, metathorax, and propodeum mostly smooth and shiny. Body color black. Relatively larger species with total length 5.9–6.3 mm (Vietnam, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys peuqueti]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys peuqueti casent0281935 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys peuqueti casent0281935 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiolar node as high as long in lateral view. Sides of mesothorax, metathorax, and propodeum mostly irregularly rugose and opaque. Body color black, gaster blackish brown. Relatively smaller species with total length 4.5 mm (Japan, China, Taiwan) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys confucii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys confucii focol0353 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys confucii focol0353 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|260px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==49==<br />
return to [[#45 |couplet #45]]<br />
<br />
*Clypeus truncated at apex. Eyes relatively smaller and occupying one fourth of head side. Petiolar node relatively longer in lateral view, about 1.3 times as high as long, dorsal margin distinctly longer than anterior margin, anterodorsal corner narrowly rounded, the node obviously longer than broad in dorsal view (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys laeviterga]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Zhou et al. 2012 Leptogenys laeviterga.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Clypeus pointed and strongly convex at apex. Eyes larger and occupying one third of head side. Petiolar node relatively higher in lateral view, about 1.4 times as high as long, dorsal margin as long as anterior margin, anterodorsal corner broadly rounded, the node as broad as long in dorsal view (China) . . . . . .''[[Leptogenys sunzii]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys sunzii h.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|[[File:Leptogenys sunzii p.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*Arimoto, K. (2017b) Redescription of ''Leptogenys aspera'' (André, 1889) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) from Southeast Asia. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 23(1):15 – 19.<br />
*[[Media:Arimoto, K. 2017. Taxonomy of the Leptogenys modiglianii species group from southeast Asia.pdf|Arimoto, K. 2017. Taxonomy of the ''Leptogenys modiglianii'' species group from southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). ZooKeys 651: 79–106 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.651.10366).]]<br />
*[[Media:Arimoto, K., Yamane, S. 2018. Taxonomy of the Leptogenys chalybaea species group from Southeast Asia.pdf|Arimoto, K., Yamane, S. 2018. Taxonomy of the ''Leptogenys chalybaea'' species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) from Southeast Asia. Asian Myrmecology 10, e010008 (DOI 10.20362/am.010008).]]<br />
*Xu, Z.-H., He and Q.-J. 2015. Taxonomic review of the ponerine ant genus ''Leptogenys'' Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with a key to the Oriental species. Myrmecological News. 21:137-161.<br />
*[[Media:Zryanin, V.A. 2016. A remarkable new species of Leptogenys from Vietnam.pdf|Zryanin, V.A. 2016. A remarkable new species of ''Leptogenys'' Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Vietnam. Euroasian Entomological Journal 1: 50–54.]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Leptogenys]][[Category:Leptogenys]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Oriental_Discothyrea&diff=709128Key to Oriental Discothyrea2024-03-26T20:51:39Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>This key to workers of Oriental ''[[Discothyrea]]'' is based on Xu, Burwell & Nakamura (2014) as modified by Bharti, Akbar & Singh (2015).<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*Propodeal declivity more gradual, in lateral view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum rounded or very bluntly angled, forming an angle much greater than 90° => [[#2|'''2''']]<br />
*Propodeal declivity abrupt, in lateral view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum narrowly to acutely toothed, forming an angle equal to or smaller than 90° => [[#5|'''5''']]<br />
<br />
==2==<br />
*Antennae 10-segmented => [[#3|'''3''']]<br />
*Antennae 9-segmented => [[#4|'''4''']]<br />
<br />
==3==<br />
*Frontal carinae extending posteriorly to 2/3 length of head, anterior margin of clypeus crenulate. Malaysia; China: Hainan => ''[[Discothyrea bryanti]]''<br />
*Frontal carinae only extending posteriorly to 1/2 length of head, anterior margin of clypeus not crenulate. India => ''[[Discothyrea periyarensis]]''<br />
<br />
==4==<br />
*In full-face view, posterior margin of head weakly convex, anterior clypeal margin straight. In lateral view, dorsum of mesosoma strongly convex, posterodorsal corner of propodeum forming an obtuse angle, propodeal lobes bluntly angled. Petiolar node relatively short and thin, height/length ratio = 2: 1 (LPI = 200). Japan => ''[[Discothyrea kamiteta]]''<br />
*In full-face view, posterior margin of head straight, anterior clypeal margin weakly convex. In lateral view, dorsum of mesosoma weakly convex, posterodorsal corner of propodeum rounded, propodeal lobes rounded. Petiolar node relatively long and thick, height/length ratio = 1.7: 1 (LPI = 170 with range of 156–188). China: Yunnan => ''[[Discothyrea banna]]''<br />
<br />
==5==<br />
*Frontal area much longer than broad, roughly rhombic. Frontal carinae long and well separated, extending posteriorly to 1/2 to 2/3 of head-length => [[#6|'''6''']]<br />
*Frontal area about as broad as long, roughly triangular, frontal carinae short and close to each other, extending posteriorly to about 1/3 of head-length => [[#8|'''8''']]<br />
<br />
==6==<br />
*Frontal carinae extending posteriorly to 2/3 of head-length. Anterior clypeal margin crenulate. In dorsal view, dorsum of petiolar node transversely depressed. Antennae 10-segmented. Total length about 3.1 mm. India => ''[[Discothyrea sringerensis]]''<br />
*Frontal carinae extending posteriorly to 1/2 of head-length. Anterior clypeal margin not crenulate. In dorsal view, dorsum of petiolar node not transversely depressed. Antennae 8- or 9-segmented. Total length 1.5–1.8 mm => [[#7|'''7''']]<br />
<br />
==7==<br />
*In full-face view, head distinctly broader than long, posterior margin of head nearly straight. In lateral view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum acutely toothed, subpetiolar process elongate and higher than half its length. In dorsal view, petiolar node thin and scale-form, about 6 times as broad as long. Antennae 9-segmented. Total length about 1.5 mm. Indonesia => ''[[Discothyrea globa]]''<br />
*In full-face view, head distinctly longer than broad, posterior margin of head weakly convex. In lateral view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum right angled, subpetiolar process short and about half its length. In dorsal view, petiolar node thick and node-form, about 3 times as broad as long. Antennae 8-segmented. Total length 1.6–1.8 mm. China; Taiwan; Japan => ''[[Discothyrea sauteri]]''<br />
<br />
==8==<br />
*In full-face view, posterior margin of head weakly concave medially. In dorsal view, dorsum of petiolar node transversely depressed. In lateral view, subpetiolar process large and roughly triangular. Antennae 7-segmented. China: Yunnan => ''[[Discothyrea diana]]''<br />
*In full-face view, posterior margin of head weakly convex, not concave medially. In dorsal view, dorsum of petiolar node not transversely depressed. In lateral view, subpetiolar process small and short. Antennae 9-segmented => [[#9|'''9''']]<br />
<br />
==9==<br />
*In full-face view, head distinctly longer than broad with CI = 89, sides strongly convex. In lateral view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum forming a right angle, apex of propodeal lobes bluntly angled. Total length 1.5 mm. Bhutan => ''[[Discothyrea stumperi]]''<br />
*In full-face view, head slightly broader than long with CI = 119, sides weakly convex. In lateral view, posterodorsal corner of propodeum forming an acute angle, apex of propodeal lobe rounded. Total length 1.7 mm. China; Taiwan => ''[[Discothyrea yueshen]]''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Bharti, H., Akbar, S. A., Singh, J. 2015. Discothyrea periyarensis sp. n., a new proceratiine ant species from India.pdf|Bharti, H., Akbar, S.A., Singh, J. 2015. ''Discothyrea periyarensis'' sp. n., a new proceratiine ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Proceratiinae) from India. Caucasian Entomoloigcal Bulletin, 11, 121–124.]]<br />
*[[Media:Xu, Z., Burwell, C.J. & Nakamura, A. 2014. Two new species of the proceratiine ant genus Discothyrea Roger from Yunnan, China.pdf|Xu, Z., Burwell, C.J. & Nakamura, A. 2014. Two new species of the proceratiine ant genus ''Discothyrea'' Roger from Yunnan, China, with a key to the known Oriental species. Asian Myrmecology 6, 33–41.]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Discothyrea]][[Category:Discothyrea]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Oriental_and_Australian_Leptogenys_species_groups&diff=709127Oriental and Australian Leptogenys species groups2024-03-26T20:50:20Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Leptogenys crassicornis group==<br />
*''[[Leptogenys birmana]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys crassicornis]]''<br />
*''Leptogenys huangdii'' (=''[[Leptogenys lucidula]]'')<br />
<br />
Xu, 2000<br />
<br />
Squared head; smooth, mandibles with dentate masticatory margin, antennae short.<br />
<br />
==Leptogenys chalybaea group==<br />
*''[[Leptogenys atra]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys chalybaea]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys cyanicatena]]''<br />
<br />
Arimoto and Yamane, 2018<br />
<br />
[[Key to Leptogenys chalybaea species group workers|Key to ''Leptogenys chalybaea'' species group workers]]<br />
<br />
'''Diagnosis''' The ''Leptogenys chalybaea'' species group is defined by the following character states: eyes situated in posterior half of head in full-face view, apex of median lobe of clypeus truncate, and a subrectangular petiolar node higher than long in profile.<br />
<br />
'''Distribution''' Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia (Borneo).<br />
<br />
'''Description''' <br />
<br />
'''Worker''' Head in full-face view longer than wide (CI: 75–87). Mandible without distinct teeth; masticatory margin three-fifths as long as basal margin. Eye in full-face view situated posterior to mid-length of head; outer margin protruding above or close to lateral outline of head. Anterior edge of torulus in full-face view posterior to transverse line extending across mandible bases. Lateral margin of clypeus with a shallow notch on each side; median lobe of clypeus abruptly extends anterad, one-fifth to one-fourth of head length; apex of median lobe truncate with weak concavity, with two or three peg-like setae. Hypostomal tooth absent. Metanotal groove distinctly impressed. Metapleuro-propodeal suture present. Petiolar node high and subrectangular (LPI: 121–151) and highest dorsoposteriorly in profile; anterior margin inclined anterad, basally straight and parallel to posterior margin, but then forms a convexity with anterodorsal margin. Subpetiolar process consisting of wide rectangular anterior lobe and thick posterior extension.<br />
<br />
'''Queen''' General morphology similar to worker; without ocelli; differs from worker by smaller body size except for voluminous gaster, petiolar node in profile shorter and higher, simpler-shaped subpetiolar process, and shorter gastral segment I.<br />
<br />
'''Male''' Known for ''[[Leptogenys atra]]'' and ''[[Leptogenys cyanicatena]]'' . See description of each species.<br />
<br />
'''Discussion''' The ''Leptogenys chalybaea'' group is most similar to the ''Leptogenys diminuta'' group, which Xu (2000) defined for Chinese species, having a worker caste with a wide mandibular masticatory margin, high and subrectangular petiolar node, and anterior margin of the node anteriorly inclined. The ''Leptogenys chalybaea'' and ''Leptogenys diminuta'' groups are restricted to the Oriental and Australian regions. The ''Leptogenys chalybaea'' group is sympatric with the ''Leptogenys diminuta'' group in Southeast Asia, but differs from the ''Leptogenys diminuta'' group in terms of the following characters (the ''Leptogenys diminuta'' group is in parentheses): median lobe of clypeus extends abruptly anterad (extends gradually); apex of clypeal median lobe truncate, (apex broadly rounded); lateral margin of clypeus medially with shallow notch (smoothly curved); eyes in full-face view situated posterior to mid-length of head (situated near mid-length of head); and subpetiolar process consisting of well-developed rectangular anterior lobe and thick posterior extension (consisting of a small narrow anterior lobe). <br />
We believe that the difference in eye position is an important diagnostic character distinguishing the species groups. The ''Leptogenys chalybaea'' species group is distinguished from the ''Leptogenys diminuta'' group and from other Oriental congeners in that its eyes are situated in the posterior half of the head in full-face view.<br />
<br />
'''Biology''' Our observations indicate that colonies of this species group contain many ergatoid queens. Because the gaster of one queen is expanded more than those of other queens in the colony, it is thought that only one queen reproduces, whereas the other queens do not reproduce but remain in the colon. We believe the virgin queens can either reproduce or function as helpers, making them a multi-purpose caste like that observed within ''[[Leptogenys diminuta]]'' or the subfamily Amblyoponinae (Molet et al., 2009). We could not observe their function as helpers directly in this study. ''Leptogenys diminuta'' has a similar colony composition in terms of ergatogynes (Itô and Ohkawara, 2000). There is probably an evolutionary relationship between the presence of many virgin ergatoid queens and multi-purpose queens. Further studies of the development of ovaries and spermatheca in each caste are needed to obtain a complete picture of the evolution of multi-purpose queens in ''[[Leptogenys]]''.<br />
Chain-making behavior for the collective transport of food was confirmed in ''[[Leptogenys atra]]'' and ''[[Leptogenys cyanicatena]]'' (Peeters and De Greef, 2015). Among congeners, this behavior occurs only in this species group.<br />
<br />
==Leptogenys chinensis group==<br />
*''[[Leptogenys chinensis]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys confucii]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys pangui]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys peuqueti]]''<br />
<br />
Xu, 2000 <br />
<br />
Elongate head smooth, mandibles with edentate masticatory margin, antennae elongate.<br />
<br />
==Leptogenys diminuta group==<br />
*''[[Leptogenys diminuta]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys kitteli]]''<br />
<br />
Xu, 2000 <br />
<br />
defined for Chinese species, having a worker caste with a wide mandibular masticatory margin, high and subrectangular petiolar node, and anterior margin of the node anteriorly inclined.<br />
<br />
Elongate head longitudinally striate, mandibles with edentate masticatory margin, antennae evenly elongate.<br />
<br />
==Leptogenys modiglianii group==<br />
*''[[Leptogenys breviloba]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys curva]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys itoi]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys kanaoi]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys malayana]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys modiglianii]]''<br />
<br />
Arimoto, 2017<br />
<br />
[[Leptogenys modiglianii species group|''Leptogenys modiglianii'' species group]]<br />
<br />
[[Key to Leptogenys modiglianii species group workers|Key to ''Leptogenys modiglianii'' species group workers]]<br />
<br />
==Leptogenys zhuangzii group==<br />
*''[[Leptogenys laozii]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys mengzii]]''<br />
*''[[Leptogenys zhuangzii]]''<br />
<br />
Xu, 2000<br />
<br />
Elongate head densely punctate, mandibles usually with edentate masticatory margin, antennae elongate.<br />
<br />
==Additional Resources==<br />
*''[[Leptogenys]]''<br />
*[[Key to Oriental Leptogenys|Key to Oriental ''Leptogenys'']]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Arimoto, K., Yamane, S. 2018. Taxonomy of the Leptogenys chalybaea species group from Southeast Asia.pdf|Arimoto, K. and S. Yamane. 2018. Taxonomy of the ''Leptogenys chalybaea'' species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) from Southeast Asia. Asian Myrmecology 10, e010008 (DOI 10.20362/am.010008).]]<br />
*[[Media:Arimoto, K. 2017. Taxonomy of the Leptogenys modiglianii species group from southeast Asia.pdf|Arimoto, K. 2017. Taxonomy of the ''Leptogenys modiglianii'' species group from southeast Asia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). ZooKeys 651: 79–106 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.651.10366).]]<br />
*Xu, Z. 2000a. Five new species and one new record of the ant genus Leptogenys Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Entomol. Sin. 7: 117-126 (new record for China)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Species Groups|Leptogenys]][[Category:Leptogenys]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]<br />
[[Category:Australian_species_identification_key]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Tetraponera_queens_of_the_Oriental_and_Australian_regions&diff=709126Key to Tetraponera queens of the Oriental and Australian regions2024-03-26T20:49:43Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* 22 */</p>
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<div>This queen key is based on: [[Media:Ward 2001.pdf| Ward, P. S. 2001. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the ant genus ''Tetraponera'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Oriental and Australian regions. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 15:589-665.]]<br />
<br />
This key should be used with caution. The queen caste is not known for all species, and the limits of variation remain uncertain in species for which only a few specimens are known. When a range of metric measurements is cited in the key, this is followed by the sample size (e.g. HW 1.88-2.29; n = 5). The sample size is the same for all subsequent measurements given within the same lug of a couplet. There are four species in the ''nigra''-group (out of 20) for which the queen caste is unknown (''T. buops'', ''T. mimula'', ''T. nodosa'' and ''T. polita''). I have inserted them in the key where I would expect the queens to come out, extrapolating from distinctive features of worker morphology. Such inferences are always accompanied by an explicit statement that the queen caste is actually unknown (e.g. couplet 6). The ''allaborans''-group is keyed no farther than species-group because the queens are known for too few taxa in this group.<br />
<br />
<br />
You may also be interested in:<br />
*''[[Tetraponera]]''<br />
*[[Key to Tetraponera of the Oriental and Australian regions|Key to ''Tetraponera'' of the Oriental and Australian regions]]<br />
*[[Key to Tetraponera males of the Oriental and Australian regions|Key to ''Tetraponera'' males of the Oriental and Australian regions]]<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*Pronotal humeri subangulate; most of upper (dorsal) surface of head densely punctate, and lacking extensive shiny interspaces between the punctures; large species, HW 1.26-2.29 (n = 10) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
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*Pronotal humeri varying from narrowly to broadly rounded, but not subangulate; head usually lucid or sublucid, with conspicuous shiny interspaces between the scattered punctures; size variable <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Larger species (HW 1.88-2.29; n = 5), with disproportionately small eyes (REL2 0.33-0.36); body usually bicolored, the dark head and gaster contrasting with orange-brown mesosoma (the latter infuscated in some populations) (Pakistan to southern China, south to Sumatra and Java; introduced to the Seychelles) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera rufonigra]]'' <br />
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*Smaller species (HW 1.26-1.51; n = 5), with larger eyes (REL2 0.50-0.55); body unicolorous dark brown (Myanmar to Vietnam, south to Palawan, Borneo, Sumatra and Java) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera pilosa]]'' <br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Forewing with one cubital cell; insertion of postpetiole into petiole shifted dorsad, and posteroventral margin of petiole developed as a semi-translucent, ventrally protruding hood, which is distinctly separated from the helcium when the postpetiole is in its normal horizontal position; mesosternum densely pubescent; relatively small species, range of HW approximately 0.55-1.08 (usually <0.90) .... ''allaborans''-group <br />
<br />
*Forewing usually with two cubital cells; insertion of postpetiole into petiole not shifted dorsad, the posteroventral margin of the petiole closely associated with the helcium, although it may be flanked by ventrolateral flanges; most of the mesosternum devoid of pubescence; medium to large species, HW 0.72-1.59 (n = 81 )( ''nigra''-group) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*Larger species, with long legs (HW 1.20-1.59, LHT 1.15-1.73; n = 18); standing pilosity common on dorsum of head, CSC 10-50 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Smaller species, on average, with shorter legs (HW 0.72-1.49, LHT 0.56-1.25; n = 63); standing pilosity usually sparse on dorsum of head, CSC 0-24; if CSC >9, then HW <1.05 and LHT <0.90 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Head very elongate (CI 0.59-0.62; n = 5) and petiole slender (PLI 0.37-0.42) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head broader (CI 0.68-0.83; n = 13); petiole shape variable (PLI 0.38-0.54) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#5 |couplet #5]]<br />
*Large species (HW 1.35-1.50; n = 5), with small eyes (REL 0.22-0.24) and relatively slender profemur (FI 0.42-0.46) (India and Nepal, east to southern China, south to West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera binghami]]'' <br />
<br />
*Queen caste unknown, but expected to be smaller (HW <1.30), with larger eyes (REL >0.30) and more robust profemur (FI >0.48) (Borneo) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera buops]]'' <br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#5 |couplet #5]]<br />
*Dense suberect pubescence conspicuous on dorsum of mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole; petiole slender, PLI 0.38--0.46 and PLI HL 0.77-0.83 (n = 6) (north-east India to China, south to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Palawan) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera attenuata]]'' <br />
<br />
*Suberect pubescence variably developed, usually relatively sparse and inconspicuous on at least the pronotum and anterior peduncle of petiole; petiole shorter and higher, PLI 0.47-0.54 and PL/HL 0.64-0.74 (n = 7) (Pakistan to Thailand, south to Borneo and Java) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nigra]]'' <br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Petiole with a pair of acute, posteroventral teeth, formed from ventrolateral extensions of the petiolar sternite; pronotum with dense punctate sculpture on its anterior quarter which contrasts with the shiny (and less densely sculptured) posterior half of head and with the more sparsely punctate posterior regions of the pronotum; scape length less than, or equal to, eye length (SI3 0.85-0.99; n = 12) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiole lacking a pair of posteroventral teeth; pronotal sculpture variable but punctures more evenly distributed, not concentrated solely on the anterior quarter (although they may be sparse medially) and usually not occurring in a density that contrasts strongly with that of the posterior half of the head; scape length usually greater than eye length (SI3 1.01-1.40; n = 61) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#12|'''. . . . . 12''']]</span><br />
<br />
==9==<br />
return to [[#8 |couplet #8]]<br />
*Head and petiole very elongate (CI 0.66, PLI 0.38 and PWI 0.32, in the only known queen specimen) (Thailand, West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera notabilis]]'' <br />
<br />
*Head slightly less elongate (CI 0.67-0.73; n = 11); petiole much shorter (PLI 0.54-0.61, PWI 0.42-0.46) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#10|'''. . . . . 10''']]</span><br />
<br />
==10==<br />
return to [[#9 |couplet #9]]<br />
*Small species (HW 0.74-0.91; n = 11); frontal carinae moderately well separated (MFC 0.10-0.14, FCI 0.13-0.16); pubescence generally sparse on postpetiole, the hairs separated by their lengths or more <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#11|'''. . . . . 11''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Queen caste not known but expected to be larger (HW >0.92) with frontal carinae more widely separated and with dense pubescence on the postpetiole (Borneo) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nodosa]]'' <br />
<br />
==11==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
*Short standing pilosity (0.03-0.08 mm in length) common on dorsum of head (CSC - 24; n = 1) and on sides of head, when head is observed in full-face view (northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nixa]]'' <br />
<br />
*Standing pilosity much less common on head (CSC 0-4; n = 10), absent or sparse on the sides when head is observed in full-face view (India to southern China, south to northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nitida]]'' <br />
<br />
==12==<br />
return to [[#8 |couplet #8]]<br />
*Legs short (LHT/HL 0.51-0.62; n = 13) and petiole relatively slender in dorsal view (PWI 0.39-0.47); species found west of Wallace's line (India to the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra and Java) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#18|'''. . . . . 18''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Either legs longer (LHT/HL ~0.62) and/or petiole broader (PWI >0.50); species found east of Wallace's line (Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#13|'''. . . . . 13''']]</span><br />
<br />
==13==<br />
return to [[#12 |couplet #12]]<br />
*Frontal carinae widely separated (FCI 0.24-0.25; n = 5); profemur very short and broad (FI 0.54-0.56, FW/PL 0.47-0.53); postpetiole 1.2-1.3x broader than long (Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera tucurua]]'' <br />
<br />
*Frontal carinae less widely separated (FCI 0.15-0.21; n = 33); profemur generally more slender (FI 0.44--0.54, FW/PL 0.33-0.48); postpetiole varying from slightly (1.1 x) broader than long to longer than broad <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#14|'''. . . . . 14''']]</span><br />
<br />
==14==<br />
return to [[#13 |couplet #13]]<br />
*Posterior half of petiolar sternite flat or weakly convex in profile; head broader (CI 0.74-0.85; n = 13) and petiole relatively long and slender (PLI 0.41-0.54; but probably greater than this in ''T. mimula'', for which the queen is unknown); punctures on dorsum of head between compound eyes larger, about 0.015-0.020 mm in diameter <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#15|'''. . . . . 15''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Posterior half of petiolar sternite with prominent ventral protrusion; head more elongate (CI 0.62-0.75; n = 20) and petiole usually more robust (PLI 0.54-0.75); punctures on dorsum of head between compound eyes finer, mostly 0.005-0.015 mm in diameter <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#17|'''. . . . . 17''']]</span><br />
<br />
==15==<br />
return to [[#14 |couplet #14]]<br />
*Head densely punctate, opaque; larger species (HW 1.12-1.32, LHT 0.97-1.19; n = 3), with disproportionately long legs (LHT/HL 0.68-0.73) (New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera atra]]'' <br />
<br />
*Head less densely sculptured, the punctures separated by about their diameters and the interspaces shiny; smaller species (HW 0.91-1.02, LHT 0.77-0.85; n = 10), with shorter legs (LHT/HL 0.62-0.66) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#16|'''. . . . . 16''']]</span><br />
<br />
==16==<br />
return to [[#15 |couplet #15]]<br />
*Frontal carinae moderately well separated (FCI 0.15-0.18; n = 10) and eyes relatively large (REL2 0.46-0.51); petiole generally long and slender (PLI 0.41-0.54) (New Guinea and adjacent islands; northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera laeviceps]]'' <br />
<br />
*Queen unknown but expected to have frontal carinae more widely separated (FCI >0.18), eyes smaller (REL2 <0.46), and petiole shorter and higher (PLI >0.54) (New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera mimula]]'' <br />
<br />
==17==<br />
return to [[#14 |couplet #14]]<br />
*Smaller species (HW 0.72-0.79; n = 4) with large eyes (REL 0.35-0.37); profemur slender (FI 0.44-0.49); punctures on dorsum of head and pronotum very fine, about 0.005 mm in diameter (New Guinea, northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera rotula]]'' <br />
<br />
*Larger species (HW 0.90-1.49; n = 16) with smaller eyes (REL 0.26-0.30); profemur usually more robust (FI 0.48-0.54); punctures on dorsum of head and pronotum mostly larger, approximately 0.010-0.015 mm in diameter (New Guinea, Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera punctulata]]''<br />
<br />
==18==<br />
return to [[#12 |couplet #12]]<br />
*Standing pilosity relatively sparse on dorsum and sides of head (CSC <6) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#19|'''. . . . . 19''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Standing pilosity common on dorsum and sides of head (CSC >10) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#22|'''. . . . . 22''']]</span><br />
<br />
==19==<br />
return to [[#18 |couplet #18]]<br />
*Larger species (HL 1.92-2.18, LHT 1.06-1.12; n = 3); head elongate (CI 0.62-0.64) and clypeal margin adorned with prominent teeth or a medial protrusion <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#20|'''. . . . . 20''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Smaller species (HL 1.32-1.73, LHT 0.76-1.00; n = 10); head less elongate (CI 0.68-0.75) and clypeal margin lacking prominent teeth or protrusions <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#21|'''. . . . . 21''']]</span><br />
<br />
==20==<br />
return to [[#19 |couplet #19]]<br />
*Anterior clypeal margin edentate, with a prominent spatulate protrusion underlying the margin; frontal carinae moderately well separated (FCI 0.18-0.19; n = 2); eyes smaller, REL2 0.38-0.40 (Singapore, Borneo, Java) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera vivax]]'' <br />
<br />
*Anterior clypeal margin with three strong, blunt teeth, but no underlying spatulate protrusion; frontal carinae very widely separated (FCI 0.27; n = 1); eyes larger, REL2 0.45 (Singapore) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera volucris]]'' <br />
<br />
==21==<br />
return to [[#19 |couplet #19]]<br />
*Smaller species (HW 0.94-0.98, LHT 0.76; n = 4) with disproportionately larger eyes (REL2 0.50-0.52) and shorter profemur (FL/HL 0.50-0.51) (Borneo, Palawan) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera inversinodis]]'' <br />
<br />
*Larger species (HW 1.05-1.26, LHT 0.88-1.00; n = 6) with smaller eyes (REL2 0.42-0.47) and longer profemur (FL/HL 0.51-0.56) (Malay Peninsula south and east to Sumatra Java, Borneo and the Philippines) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera difficilis]]'' <br />
<br />
==22==<br />
return to [[#18 |couplet #18]]<br />
*Pronotum with sharp lateral margins; petiole relatively thin (PWI 0.42; n = 1); pubescence moderately dense on abdominal tergite IV, appressed hairs separated by about their lengths (India, West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera aitkenii]]'' <br />
<br />
*Queen unknown, but expected to have weakly marginate pronotum, broader petiole (PWI >0.50), and sparse and inconspicuous pubescence on abdominal tergite IV (Borneo) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera polita]]'' <br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Tetraponera]][[Category:Tetraponera]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]<br />
[[Category:Australian_species_identification_key]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Tetraponera_males_of_the_Oriental_and_Australian_regions&diff=709125Key to Tetraponera males of the Oriental and Australian regions2024-03-26T20:49:33Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* 13 */</p>
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<div>This male key is based on: [[Media:Ward 2001.pdf| Ward, P. S. 2001. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the ant genus ''Tetraponera'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Oriental and Australian regions. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 15:589-665.]]<br />
<br />
This key will permit males to be identified at least to species-group. The ''allaborans''-group is taken no farther than this, but all the species in the ''nigra''-group for which males are known (11 of 20 species) have been included in the key, accompanied by cautionary notes regarding some of the related species whose males are as yet undiscovered. Some of the most distinctive features of the males reside in characteristics of the terminalia, and assessing these usually requires dissection.<br />
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You may also be interested in:<br />
*''[[Tetraponera]]''<br />
*[[Key to Tetraponera of the Oriental and Australian regions|Key to ''Tetraponera'' of the Oriental and Australian regions]]<br />
*[[Key to Tetraponera queens of the Oriental and Australian regions|Key to ''Tetraponera'' queens of the Oriental and Australian regions]]<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*Mesoscutum densely punctate or punctate-reticulate and (sub)opaque; larger species, HW > 1.20 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
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*Mesoscutum with scattered punctures mostly separated by their diameters or more, and interspaces weakly to strongly shining; smaller species, on average, range of HW approximately 0.50-1.45 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
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==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Head sublucid, with relatively small eyes (REL2 - 0.42); hypopygium semicircular; distal end of paramere lacking digitiform lobes; aedeagal plate elongaterectangular in profile (Pakistan to southern China, south to Sumatra and Java; introduced to the Seychelles) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera rufonigra]]'' <br />
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*Head opaque, with larger eyes (REL2 - 0.52); hypopygium subrectangular; distal end of paramere with a pair of digitiform lobes; aedeagal plate triangular in profile (Myanmar to Vietnam, south to Palawan, Borneo, Sumatra and Java) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera pilosa]]'' <br />
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==3==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Forewing with one cubital cell; anterolateral arms of hypopygium not protruding forward nor subtended by a lamellate, sclerotized extension; distal end of paramere with a very deep, obliquely transverse, dorsal impression; external face of aedeagus with a longitudinal carina that ends on the posterior margin, not terminating in a tooth or spine................................................ ''allaborans''-group<br />
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*Forewing usually with two cubital cells; anterolateral arms of hypopygium protruding forward and subtended by a lamellate, sclerotised extension; distal end of paramere lacking a deep transverse impression; external face of aedeagus with an arched carina terminating at or near a sharp posteroventral tooth or spine (''nigra''-group) ... 4<br />
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==4==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*Large species (HW 1.03-1.44, LHT 1.17-1.72; n = 9), with disproportionately long scapes (SI2 0.27-0.33) and legs (LHT/HL 1.06-1.45); distal end of paramere, as seen in dorsal view, not notably narrowed <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
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*Smaller species, on average (HW 0.67-1.24, LHT 0.60-1.15; n = 28), with shorter scapes (SI2 0.20-0.28) and legs (LHT/HL 0.74-1.08); distal end of paramere, as seen in dorsal view, conspicuously narrowing towards tip <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
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==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Head broader than long (CI 1.07-1.17; n = 6); posteromedial margin of hypopygium thickened but not deflected dorsally <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
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*Head longer than broad (CI 0.86-0.92; n = 3); posteromedial margin of hypopygium not thickened but with a thin ligulate extension that is deflected dorsally (India and Nepal, east to southern China, south to West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera binghami]]'' (Note: ''T. buops'' may also key out here.)<br />
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==6==<br />
return to [[#5 |couplet #5]]<br />
*Anterior portion of mesoscutum strongly narrowed and constricted; posterior margin of hypopygium convex; distal end of paramere, as seen in posterior view, with a deep mesial excavation; posterior half of aedeagus with a single oblique carina on its external face (north-east India to China, south to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Palawan) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera attenuata]]'' <br />
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*Anterior portion of mesoscutum not strongly constricted; posterior margin of hypopygium concave; distal end of paramere, as seen in posterior view, lacking a deep mesial excavation; posterior half of aedeagus with a pair of oblique carinae on its external face (Pakistan to Thailand, south to Borneo and Java) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nigra]]'' <br />
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==7==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Second funicular segment notably elongate, its length approaching the combined lengths of scape and fourth funicular segment (LF2/(SL + LF4) 0.82-1.00; n = 11); distal end of paramere, as seen in dorsal view, with saucer-shaped mesial concavity only partly visible <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
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*Second funicular segment not notably elongate, its length considerably less than the combined lengths of scape and fourth funicular segment (LF2/(SL + LF4) 0.47-0.72; n = 17); distal end of paramere, as seen in dorsal view, with saucer-shaped mesial concavity fully visible <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#10|'''. . . . . 10''']]</span><br />
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==8==<br />
return to [[#7 |couplet #7]]<br />
*Petiole lacking posteroventral teeth; eyes slightly smaller (REL2 0.53-0.58; n = 6); posteromedial margin of hypopygium convex in ventral view; distal end of paramere, when seen in posterior view, with well-developed, lamellate margin, which conceals the preceding saucer-shaped concavity <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
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*Petiole with a pair of posteroventral teeth formed by angular extensions of the petiolar sternite; eyes larger (REL2 0.59-0.61; n = 5); posteromedial margin of hypopygium narrowly concave in ventral view; distal end of paramere, when seen in posterior view, lacking well-developed, lamellate margin, the preceding saucer-shaped concavity easily visible (India to southern China, south to northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nitida]]'' (Note: ''T. nixa'', ''T. nodosa'' and ''T. notabilis'' also expected to key out here.)<br />
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==9==<br />
return to [[#8 |couplet #8]]<br />
*Smaller species (HW 0.76-0.81; n = 3), with shorter legs (LHT/HL 0.77-0.96); distal end of paramere lacking ventral protrusion (Borneo, Palawan) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera inversinodis]]'' <br />
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*Larger species (HW 0.87-0.92; n = 3), with disproportionately longer legs (LHT/HL 1.03-1.05); distal end of paramere with blunt posteroventral protrusion (Malay Peninsula south and east to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera difficilis]]'' (Note: with more material these differences may narrow.)<br />
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==10==<br />
return to [[#7 |couplet #7]]<br />
*Anterior portion of mesoscutum strongly narrowed and constricted; antenna very short, owing to unusually short funicular segments, such that second funicular segment shorter than scape (LF2/SL 0.72-0.85; n = 6) and combined lengths of funicular segments 2-4 about twice scape length ((LF2 + LF3 +LF4)/SL 1.83-2.15); distal end of paramere, as seen in posterior view, narrowly excavate mesially) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#11|'''. . . . . 11''']]</span><br />
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*Anterior portion of mesoscutum not strongly constricted; antenna longer, second funicular segment as long as or longer than scape (LF2/SL 1.00-1.69; n = 11) and combined lengths of funicular segments 2-4 much more than twice scape length ((LF2 + LF3 +LF4)/SL 3.03-4.52); distal end of paramere, as seen in posterior view, not narrowly excavate mesially <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#12|'''. . . . . 12''']]</span><br />
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==11==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
*Larger species (HW 0.85, LHT 1.03; n = 1) with disproportionately long legs (LHT/HL 1.08) (New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera atra]]'' <br />
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*Smaller species (HW 0.68-0.79, LHT 0.71-0.85; n = 5) with shorter legs (LHT/HL 0.98-1.05) (New Guinea and adjacent islands; northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera laeviceps]]'' (Note: ''T. mimula'' expected to key out here.)<br />
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==12==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
*Eye small (REL2 0.43-0.45; n = 3); distal end of paramere, as seen in dorsal view, lacking beak-like mesial protrusion (Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera tucurua]]'' <br />
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*Eye larger (REL2 0.48-0.57; n = 8); distal end of paramere, as seen in dorsal view, with beak-like mesial protrusion <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#13|'''. . . . . 13''']]</span><br />
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==13==<br />
return to [[#12 |couplet #12]]<br />
*Smaller species (HW 0.80-0.87; n = 3) with large eyes (REL2 0.57) (New Guinea, northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera rotula]]'' <br />
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*Larger species (HW 0.91-1.24; n = 5) with smaller eyes (REL2 0.48-0.52) (New Guinea, Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera punctulata]]''<br />
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[[Category:Identification key|Tetraponera]][[Category:Tetraponera]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]<br />
[[Category:Australian_species_identification_key]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Cataulacus_of_the_Indo-Australian_and_Oriental_Regions&diff=709124Key to Cataulacus of the Indo-Australian and Oriental Regions2024-03-26T20:49:15Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>This key is based on Bolton's world revision of the genus: Bolton, B. 1974. A revision of the Palaeotropical arboreal ant genus ''Cataulacus'' F. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. 30:1-105. <br />
<br />
A revised key to the Afrotropical species was published by Bolton in 1982 (Bolton, B. 1982. "Afrotropical species of the myrmicine ant genera ''Cardiocondyla, Leptothorax, Melissotarsus, Messor'' and ''Cataulacus'' (Formicidae)." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. 45:307-370). That key provided revisions that reflected revisionary changes of the African fauna. '''Afrotropical''' species should be keyed out using this 1982 [[Key to Afrotropical Cataulacus Species]].<br />
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The 1974 key is the only such resource for '''Malagasy''' species: [[Key to Cataulacus of the Malagasy Region|Key to ''Cataulacus'' of the Malagasy Region]]. There are now known to be a few undescribed species in the region that are not accounted for in this key.<br />
<br />
The key to '''Indo-Australian''' and '''Oriental''' species is given below.<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
=='''Key to the Species of the Indo-Australian and Oriental Regions'''==<br />
<br />
Key to workers. Note: the worker of ''longinodus'' is not known.<br />
<br />
==IO-1==<br />
*Sides of alitrunk without margination, the dorsum rounding into the sides and with a laterally projecting, broad, blunt tubercle at the level of the promesonotal junction. Occipital corners drawn out into a pair of long, acute, broadly triangular spines. Sculpturation on dorsum of alitrunk an extremely coarse foveolate-rugulation with a superimposed fine reticulate-puncturation. (West Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra) . . . . . ''Cataulacus insularis'' (now a junior synonym of ''[[Cataulacus horridus]]'')<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus insularis H casent0217825.jpg|thumb|240px|''[[Cataulacus horridus]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus insularis P casent0217825.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Sides of alitrunk marginate, at least on the pronotum; the margination consisting of a flange, ridge or acute angle, often denticulate separating the dorsum from the sides. No laterally projecting, broad, blunt tubercle present at the level of the promesonotal junction. Occipital corners usually dentate but never projecting as above. Sculpturation of dorsal alitrunk finer, usually a reticulate-rugulation and a fine and dense puncturation <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-2|'''. . . . . IO-2''']]</span><br />
<br />
==IO-2==<br />
return to [[#IO-1 |couplet #IO-1]]<br />
*Larger, very broad species, HL > 1.35 (usually 1.50 or more), HW > 1.60, IOD > 1.30, with relatively very small eyes, OI < 25 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-3|'''. . . . . IO-3''']]</span><br />
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*Smaller, less broad species, HL < 1.35, HW < 1.60, IOD 1.20 or less, with relatively larger eyes, OI > 25 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-4|'''. . . . . IO-4''']]</span><br />
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==IO-3==<br />
return to [[#IO-2 |couplet #IO-2]]<br />
*First gastral tergite sharply marginate laterally throughout its length. Lateral margins of pronotum and propodeal spines expanded into broad, projecting flanges or plates. Very broad-headed species CI > 140 (West Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus latissimus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus latissimus casent0904880 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Cataulacus latissimus]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus latissimus casent0904880 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|280px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*First gastral tergite without lateral margination. Lateral margins of pronotum and propodeal spines not expanded into broad, projecting flanges or plates. Less broad-headed species, CI < 135. (India, Burma) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus latus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus latus H casent0217828.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus latus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus latus P casent0217828.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus latus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==IO-4==<br />
return to [[#IO-2 |couplet #IO-2]]<br />
*Dorsum of head behind clypeus and dorsum of pronotum without short, erect hairs; a few short hairs may be present around the eyes and on the margins of the head and alitrunk, projecting laterally. In profile the pronotal dorsum usually without minute, raised peaks or tubercles <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-5|'''. . . . . IO-5''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Dorsum of head behind clypeus and usually dorsum of pronotum with numerous short, erect hairs, either simple or clavate; these are also present on the margins of the head and alitrunk, projecting laterally. In profile the pronotal dorsum with a number of minute raised peaks or tubercles, especially on the anterior half<span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-8|'''. . . . . IO-8''']]</span><br />
<br />
==IO-5==<br />
return to [[#IO-4 |couplet #IO-4]]<br />
*First gastral tergite marginate laterally, the margination consisting of a ridge or acute angle separating the dorsum of the sclerite from the sides <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-6|'''. . . . . IO-6''']]</span><br />
<br />
*First gastral tergite not marginate laterally, the dorsum of the sclerite rounding into the sides <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-7|'''. . . . . IO-7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==IO-6==<br />
return to [[#IO-5 |couplet #IO-5]]<br />
*Occipital crest complete, raised medially into a projecting ridge (Text-fig. 36). Mesonotum covered with a fine rugoreticulum. Dorsal surfaces of femora without stout, erect hairs. Smaller species, HW < 1.15, CI < 112, IOD < 0.85. (West Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus praetextus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus praetextus H casent0280798.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus praetextus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus praetextus P casent0280798.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus praetextus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Occipital crest complete and sharp but not raised medially into a projecting ridge (Text-fig. 37). Mesonotum with regular, more or less parallel longitudinal rugae. Dorsal surfaces of femora with distinct stout, blunt, erect hairs. Larger species HW > 1.20, CI > 112, IOD > 0.90. (Philippines) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus catuvolcus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus catuvolcus H casent0900257.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus catuvolcus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus catuvolcus P casent0900257.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus catuvolcus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==IO-7==<br />
return to [[#IO-5 |couplet #IO-5]]<br />
*Occipital crest complete, the median portion raised into a low, posteriorly projecting ridge (Text-fig. 35). Entirety of dorsal alitrunk covered with a fine rugoreticulum. (Borneo) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus reticulatus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus reticulatus H casent0280799.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus reticulatus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus reticulatus P casent0280799.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus reticulatus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Occipital crest absent, the dorsum of the head curving into the occiput. Dorsum of pronotum with a rugoreticulum but the mesonotum and propodeum with a series of regular, approximately parallel, longitudinal rugae. (Philippines) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus chapmani]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus chapmani H casent0900256.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus chapmani]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus chapmani P casent0900256h.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus chapmani]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==IO-8==<br />
return to [[#IO-4 |couplet #IO-4]]<br />
*Propodeal spines long, divergent, broad at the base and gradually tapering apically (Text-figs. 31, 41); each spine distinctly longer than half of the basal distance separating it from its twin, usually as long or longer than the complete distance separating the spines <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-9|'''. . . . . IO-9''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Propodeal spines short to virtually absent; weakly or not at all divergent, slightly or hardly tapering from base to apex, usually widely separated, and each spine is usually shorter than half the basal distance separating it from its twin (Text-figs. 38, 39) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-12|'''. . . . . IO-12''']]</span><br />
<br />
==IO-9==<br />
return to [[#IO-8 |couplet #IO-8]]<br />
*On the dorsum of the alitrunk the reticulate-rugulation tending to lose its cross-meshes and to become effaced on the mesonotum where it is secondary to a fine, dense reticulate-puncturation. Dorsa of the alitrunk and pedicel with only a few scattered, short, thick erect hairs, very indistinct <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-10|'''. . . . . IO-10''']]</span><br />
<br />
*On the dorsum of the alitrunk the reticulate-rugulation coarse and distinct over the entire surface, not fading out nor becoming secondary to a reticulate-puncturation on the mesonotum. Dorsa of the alitrunk and pedicel with numerous distinct, short erect hairs, very conspicuous <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-11|'''. . . . . IO-11''']]</span><br />
<br />
==IO-10==<br />
return to [[#IO-9 |couplet #IO-9]]<br />
*In profile the mesonotum forming a short but distinct step at its junction with the propodeum. Pronotum on each side with a prominent rectangular flange, denticulate on its outer margin (Text-fig. 31). The mesonotum with a number of regular, parallel, low, longitudinal rugae. (Sulawesi) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus flagitiosus]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus flagitiosus H casent0280801.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus flagitiosus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus flagitiosus P casent0280801.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus flagitiosus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*In profile the dorsa of the mesonotum and propodeum forming a continuous convexity at their junction. Pronotum denticulate on each side but without a prominent rectangular flange (Text-fig. 32). The mesonotum without regular, parallel, low, longitudinal rugae. (India, Ceylon) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus taprobanae]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus taprobanae casent0900254 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|''[[Cataulacus taprobanae]]'']]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus taprobanae casent0900254 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|280px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==IO-11==<br />
return to [[#IO-9 |couplet #IO-9]]<br />
*First gastral tergite finely longitudinally rugose throughout its length over the entire surface of the sclerite, the rugae distinct on the centre of the disc. Head longer, HL > 1.10, CI 105 or less. (Java) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus nenassus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus nenassus H casent0900258.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus nenassus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus nenassus P casent0900258.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus nenassus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*First gastral tergite not finely longitudinally rugose throughout its length over the entire surface of the sclerite; at least the disc not rugose. Head shorter, HL < 1.10, CI 109 or more. (Philippines, Moluccas, New Guinea: Waigo Islands) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus setosus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus setosus H casent0280800.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus setosus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus setosus P casent0280800.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus setosus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==IO-12==<br />
return to [[#IO-8 |couplet #IO-8]]<br />
*Propodeal spines represented by a pair of small, obtuse, blunt tubercles. Node of petiole in dorsal view distinctly longer than broad. (Burma) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus muticus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus muticus H casent0280803.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus muticus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus muticus P casent0280803.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus muticus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Propodeal spines distinct; of very short or dentiform they are acute and the node of the petiole in dorsal view is broader than long <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-13|'''. . . . . IO-13''']]</span><br />
<br />
==IO-13==<br />
return to [[#IO-12 |couplet #IO-12]]<br />
*Hairs on dorsum of head and on clypeus very short, clavate or subglobose. Sculpturation of mesonotum and propodeal dorsum predominantly of longitudinal rugae. In dorsal view the alitrunk without a distinct notch or constriction between the mesonotum and the propodeum. Small species, HL 1.00 or less, PW < 0.90, with relatively large eyes, OI > 36. (Ceylon, Andaman Islands) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus simoni]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus simoni H casent0280797.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus simoni]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus simoni P casent0280797.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus simoni]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Hairs on dorsum of head and on clypeus usually relatively long, simple, stout and blunt. If some cephalic hairs are clavate then the sculpturation of the mesonotum and propodeal dorsum is predominantly a rugoreticulum and in dorsal view the alitrunk has a distinct notch or constriction between the mesonotum and propodeum. Larger species, HL > 1.00, PW > 0.95, with relatively small eyes, OI < 36 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-14|'''. . . . . IO-14''']]</span><br />
<br />
==IO-14==<br />
return to [[#IO-13 |couplet #IO-13]]<br />
*Subpetiolar process complex; anteroventrally with a bluntly rounded angle or tooth and posteroventrally with a long, posteriorly directed spur. Dorsum of petiole in profile low, only shallowly convex (text-fig. 5) (Borneo, Sumatra) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus hispidulus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus hispidulus H casent0280802.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus hispidulus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus hispidulus P casent0280802.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus hispidulus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Subpetiolar process a simple rectangular or subrectangular rod of varying size and shape; the posteroventral angle may be acute but is without a projecting long spur. Dorsum of petiole in profile high and strongly convex (Text-fig. 6) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#IO-15|'''. . . . . IO-15''']]</span><br />
<br />
==IO-15==<br />
return to [[#IO-14 |couplet #IO-14]]<br />
*First gastral tergite very strongly and distinctly marginate laterally throughout its length, the dorsum markedly separated from the lateral portions of the sclerite. In dorsolateral view the marginations appear as strong as ridges. (China: Hainan Islands) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus marginatus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus marginatus H casent0900253.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus marginatus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus marginatus P casent0900253.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus marginatus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*First gastral tergite not marginate, the dorsum rounding into the lateral portions of the sclerite. In dorsolateral view only an uninterrupted, rounded surface is visible. (Throughout Oriental region, West Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java) . . . . . ''[[Cataulacus granulatus]]''<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus granulatus H casent0217823.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus granulatus]]'' worker]]<br />
|[[File:Cataulacus granulatus P casent0217823.jpg|thumb|''[[Cataulacus granulatus]]'' worker]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Cataulacus]][[Category:Cataulacus]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]<br />
[[Category:Australian_species_identification_key]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Key_to_Tetraponera_of_the_Oriental_and_Australian_regions&diff=709123Key to Tetraponera of the Oriental and Australian regions2024-03-26T20:47:38Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* 30 */</p>
<hr />
<div>This worker key is based on: [[Media:Ward 2001.pdf| Ward, P. S. 2001. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the ant genus ''Tetraponera'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Oriental and Australian regions. Invertebrate Taxonomy. 15:589-665.]]<br />
<br />
Most collections of Indo-Australian ''Tetraponera'' consist of isolated workers, unassociated with sexual alates, and often lacking biological data. Our knowledge of the ecology and behavior of these ants would be enhanced if more emphasis were placed on the procurement of nest series. This would also allow the accumulation of worker-associated queens and males, whose characteristics may prove to be more reliable for delimiting species. Males are known for only about half the species (and in small sample sizes for some of these) but the available data indicate that the genitalia provide good diagnostic traits for some species and clades. <br />
<br />
This key excludes ''[[Tetraponera vivax]]'' and ''[[Tetraponera volucris]]'', two species known only from the queen caste.<br />
<br />
You may also be interested in:<br />
*''[[Tetraponera]]''<br />
*[[Key to Tetraponera queens of the Oriental and Australian regions|Key to ''Tetraponera'' queens of the Oriental and Australian regions]]<br />
*[[Key to Tetraponera males of the Oriental and Australian regions|Key to ''Tetraponera'' males of the Oriental and Australian regions]]<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
==1==<br />
*Head with three distinct ocelli; in dorsal view pronotal humeri appearing subangulate; head densely punctate, and lacking extensive shiny interspaces between the punctures; large species, HW 1.14-2.07 <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#2|'''. . . . . 2''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head almost always lacking ocelli, very rarely with two or three faint ocelli (in a few large workers of ''T. nigra'' and ''T. punctulata''); pronotal humeri varying from narrowly to broadly rounded, but not subangulate; head usually less densely punctate and with conspicuous shiny interspaces between the punctures (always the case in species with HW > 1.1 0); size variable (HW 0.49-1.48) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#3|'''. . . . . 3''']]</span><br />
<br />
==2==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Larger species (HW 1.62-2.07), with smaller eyes (REL2 0.35-0.37); usually bicolored, the dark head and gaster contrasting with the orange-brown mesosoma (the latter infuscated in some populations); standing pilosity common on the mesosoma dorsum, including the propodeum, MSC 20-66 (Pakistan to southern China, south to Sumatra and Java; introduced into the Seychelles) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera rufonigra]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera rufonigra casent0106099 head 1.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera rufonigra casent0106099 profile 1.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Smaller species (HW 1.14-1.51), with larger eyes (REL2 0.49-0.56); body unicolorous dark brown; standing pilosity sparse on the mesosoma dorsum, absent from the propodeum, MSC 3-6 (Myanmar to Vietnam, south to Palawan, Borneo, Sumatra and Java) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera pilosa]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera pilosa casent0217596 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera pilosa casent0217596 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==3==<br />
return to [[#1 |couplet #1]]<br />
*Mandible slender, with three teeth on the masticatory margin, and 1-2 denticles on the basal margin; basal margin of mandible much longer than masticatory margin; posteroventral margin of petiole in the form of a thin, ventrally protruding hood, which is distinctly separated from the helcium venter when the postpetiole is in its normal horizontal position; mesosternum densely pubescent; abdominal tergite IV sparsely pubescent, the appressed hairs separated by their lengths or more; relatively small species, HW 0.49-0.93 (''allaborans''-group) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Mandible more robust, with four teeth on the masticatory margin, and 0-1 denticles on the basal margin; basal margin of mandible subequal to, or shorter than, masticatory margin; posteroventral margin of the petiole closely associated with the helcium venter, although it may be flanked by ventrolateral flanges; most of the mesosternum devoid of pubescence; abdominal tergite IV usually densely pubescent; size variable, HW 0.63-1.48 (''nigra''-group) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#4|'''. . . . . 4''']]</span> 4<br />
<br />
==4==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*Small, black species (HW 0.58-0.61, LHT 0.50-0.52), with disproportionately small eyes (REL 0.32-0.34), short scapes (SI2 0.42-0.45) and broad profemur (FI 0.47-0.48); pronotal dorsum rounding into sides, lateral margins poorly developed; mesopropodeal impression lacking a distinct metanotal plate but may be bisected by a weak transverse ridge that interrupts the longitudinally rugulate sculpture (Thailand) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera connectens]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera connectens casent0902826 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|150px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera connectens casent0902826 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Size, color, scapes and profemur variable but if small (HW <0.65 and LHT <0.55) and black, then eyes larger (REL 0.35-0.41); either lateral pronotal margins better developed or mesopropodeal impression with a distinct, flattened metanotal plate <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#5|'''. . . . . 5''']]</span><br />
<br />
==5==<br />
return to [[#4 |couplet #4]]<br />
*Mesopropodeal impression with irregular longitudinal rugulae, interrupted by a small, raised transverse welt (metanotal plate), which is bounded laterally by the metanotal spiracles and which lacks rugulate sculpture; pronotum lacking distinct lateral margins, the dorsum rounding gently into the sides, as seen in posterior view; profemur short and broad, FI 0.44-0.53; dark brown to black species <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#6|'''. . . . . 6''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Mesopropodeal impression with irregular longitudinal rugulae, sometimes crossed at the midpoint by a broken transverse rugule, but lacking a raised metanotal plate; pronotum with more or less distinct lateral margins, which vary from sharp to blunt-edged; in posterior view pronotal dorsum meeting the sides at a sharply rounded angle; profemur usually more slender (FI 0.36-0.48); color variable <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 9''']]</span><br />
<br />
==6==<br />
return to [[#5 |couplet #5]]<br />
*Median clypeal lobe subtriangular, protruding, and pointed; petiole narrow in dorsal view (DPW/MTW 0.61-0.64) (Borneo) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera apiculata]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera apiculata casent0902821 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera apiculata casent0902821 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Median portion of clypeus broadly convex, not prominently protruding and pointed; petiole broader in dorsal view (DPW/MTW 0.65-0.73) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#7|'''. . . . . 7''']]</span><br />
<br />
==7==<br />
return to [[#6 |couplet #6]]<br />
*Larger species, with broad head (HW 0.82, CI 0.92) and large eyes (REL 0.42); anterior clypeal margin edentate and nonprotruding; petiole slender (PLI 0.51); mesopleuron extensively longitudinally carinulate (West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera avia]]'' <br />
<br />
*Smaller, with more elongate head (HW 0.63-0.75, CI 0.73-0.84) and smaller eyes (REL 0.35-0.39); anterior margin of clypeus with a modestly protruding and crenulate median lobe; petiole more robust (PLI 0.58-0.67); mesopleuron predominantly smooth and shining <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#8|'''. . . . . 8''']]</span><br />
<br />
==8==<br />
return to [[#7 |couplet #7]]<br />
*Smaller species with more elongate head (HW 0.63-0.65, CI 0.73-0.75); eye larger in relation to scape length (SI3 1.19-1.21); petiole relatively slender (PLI 0.58-0.62) (Borneo, ?West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera bita]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera bita casent0281997 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|150px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera bita casent0281997 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|230px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Larger species with broader head (HW 0.73-0.75, CI 0.82-0.84); eye smaller in relation to scape length (SB 1.25-1.30); petiole shorter and more robust (PLI 0.63-0.67) (West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera brevis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera brevis casent0902825 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|170px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera brevis casent0902825 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==9==<br />
return to [[#5 |couplet #5]]<br />
*Small species (HW 0.60-0.64), with short scapes (SI 0.52-0.57, SI2 0.41-0.44); median clypeal lobe bidentate; pronotum relatively narrow (PrWM/MTW 1.14-1.21), with sharp, subparallel margins, as seen in dorsal view, and appearing rather flattened in posterior view; profemur broad (FI 0.42-0.48) (China, Vietnam) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera microcarpa]]'' <br />
<br />
*Scapes longer (SI 0.57-0.68, SI2 0.45-0.57); median clypeal lobe usually with three or four teeth, or lacking teeth altogether, rarely with a pair of well developed teeth; size variable but if falling within the above range then usually the pronotal margins are soft-edged and convex in dorsal view and the profemur is more slender; dorsal surface of pronotum more convex in posterior view <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#10|'''. . . . . 10''']]</span><br />
<br />
==10==<br />
return to [[#9 |couplet #9]]<br />
*Larger species (HW 0.62-0.93, usually >0.70); body predominantly black, although petiole, postpetiole and limb appendages may be lighter in color; propodeum typically low and broad, such that PDI 0.91-1.09; in one rare aberrant morph with HW >0. 79 the propodeum is inflated and prominently raised; pronotal margin varying from sharp- to soft-edged, and maximum width of the pronotum generally occurring below the margin (widespread and highly variable species, distributed from India to southern China, south to New Guinea and northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera allaborans]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera allaborans casent0103239 head 1.jpg|thumb|150px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera allaborans casent0103239 profile 1.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Smaller species (HW 0.49-0.79), color variable but often with at least the postpetiole-and sometimes most of the body-yellow or orange-brown; if HW >0.65 then body mostly dark brown to black but propodeum notably tall (lateral view) and slender (posterior view), such that PDI 1.12-1.24; pronotal margin usually relatively soft-edged and occurring at the point of maximum width of the pronotum <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#11|'''. . . . . 11''']]</span><br />
<br />
==11==<br />
return to [[#10 |couplet #10]]<br />
*Small species (HW 0.64) with large eyes (REL 0.42); propodeum conical in profile, the prominent apex located far forward, so that the short inclined dorsal face of the propodeum rounds into a much longer, sloping declivitous face; petiole short and broad (PWI 0.54, PL/LHT 0. 72), subtriangular in profile and without a well differentiated anterior peduncle; castaneous brown (Borneo) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera conica]]'' <br />
<br />
*Eyes smaller (REL 0.34-0.41); propodeum not conical in profile, the dorsal face convex and rounding gradually into a steep declivitous face of approximately the same length; petiole longer and narrower (PWI 0.38-0.54, PL/LHT 0.83-0.98), a differentiated anterior peduncle and posterior node evident in profile; size and color variable (''modesta''-complex) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#12|'''. . . . . 12''']]</span><br />
<br />
==12==<br />
return to [[#11 |couplet #11]]<br />
*Small species (HW 0.53-0.61), with a relatively short, high petiole (PLI 0.60-0.68, PWI 0.46-0.54, PLISL 1.09-1.19); body and legs dark to medium brown (pronotum, petiole and postpetiole may be lighter in color); standing pilosity tending to be rather common, with 8-10 long setae often visible in profile on the promesonotum (but sparse or abraded in some specimens) (Thailand, West Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera crassiuscula]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera crassiuscula casent0281871 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera crassiuscula casent0281871 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiole more slender (PLI 0.45-0.59, PWI 0.38-0.48, PL/SL 1.20-1.41); standing pilosity relatively sparse, 1-2 pairs of long erect setae visible in profile on the pronotum, none on the mesonotum; size (HW 0.51-0.79) and color variable <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#13|'''. . . . . 13''']]</span><br />
<br />
==13==<br />
return to [[#12 |couplet #12]]<br />
*Head, mesosoma, and most of gaster black or dark brownish black, the other body parts variable in color, postpetiole and tibiae often a contrasting lighter yellow or orange-brown; larger species, on average (HW 0.54-0.79, usually greater than 0.60) (Malay Peninsula south and east to Lombok, Sulawesi and the Philippines) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera extenuata]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera extenuata casent0217591 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera extenuata casent0217591 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Body color predominantly yellow- or orange-brown, the gaster sometimes partially or wholly dark brown; problematic specimens with more darkened head and mesosoma also occur, see discussion in text; smaller species (HW 0.51-0.64) (northeast India to China, south to New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera modesta]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera modesta casent0281872 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera modesta casent0281872 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==14==<br />
return to [[#3 |couplet #3]]<br />
*Larger species (HW 0.95-1.48), with long legs (LHT/HL 0.80-0.97); standing pilosity common, MSC 6-71 (usually >10) and CSC 10-40, the cephalic hairs scattered over the dorsal surface of the head and often grading into shorter, suberect pubescence; mesopropodeal impression flanked laterally by raised prominences (containing the metanotal spiracles) but otherwise more or less open, not bounded by lateral ridges that enclose a pit-like depression (a shallow pit present in ''T. binghami'') <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#15|'''. . . . . 15''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Smaller species, on average (HW 0.63-1.44); if HW >0.92, then standing pilosity less common (MSC 0-22, CSC 0-4) and the sparse cephalic hairs arranged in pairs on the dorsum of the head, distinct from the much shorter, appressed pubescence; legs generally shorter (LHT/HL 0.58-0.86, rarely >0.80); mesopropodeal impression partly or entirely flanked laterally by raised ridges that enclose a pit-like depression <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#18|'''. . . . . 18''']]</span><br />
<br />
==15==<br />
return to [[#14 |couplet #14]]<br />
*Head elongate (CI 0.70-0.77) and petiole very slender (PLI 0.34-0.43) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#16|'''. . . . . 16''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Head broader (CI 0.76-0.94, usually >0.80); petiole shape variable but if CI <0.80 (a few individuals of ''T. nigra'') then petiole more robust (PLI >0.50) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#17|'''. . . . . 17''']]</span><br />
<br />
==16==<br />
return to [[#15 |couplet #15]]<br />
*Smaller species (HW 0.96-0.97), with relatively large and conspicuous eyes (REL 0.40-0.42); profemur short and broad (FI 0.45-0.47) (Borneo) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera buops]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera buops casent0902827 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera buops casent0902827 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Larger species (HW 1.06-1.27), with relatively smaller eyes (REL 0.25-0.30); profemur slender (FI 0.37-0.40) (India and Nepal, east to southern China, south to West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera binghami]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera binghami casent0281873 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|150px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera binghami casent0281873 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==17==<br />
return to [[#15 |couplet #15]]<br />
*Petiole long and slender, PLI 0.38-0.47, PL/HL 0.74-0.92; mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole, when viewed in profile, with scattered standing pilosity accompanied by, and often grading into, a dense mat of shorter suberect hairs, present on all dorsal surfaces; (north-east India to China, south to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Palawan) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera attenuata]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera attenuata casent0246299 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|140px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera attenuata casent0246299 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiole shorter and higher, PLI 0.52-0.64, PL/HL 0.57-0.72; mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole, when viewed in profile, with standing pilosity and underlying suberect pubescence variably developed (and variably distinguishable), but at least the promesonotum and the anterior peduncle of petiole lacking a dense mat of short suberect hairs; (Pakistan to Thailand, south to Borneo and Java) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nigra]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera nigra casent0103313 head 1.jpg|thumb|140px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera nigra casent0103313 profile 1.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==18==<br />
return to [[#14 |couplet #14]]<br />
*Petiole with a pair of acute, posteroventral teeth, formed from ventrolateral extensions of the petiolar sternite; pronotum with dense punctate sculpture on its anterior quarter which contrasts with the shiny (and less densely sculptured) posterior half of head and with the more sparsely punctate posterior regions of the pronotum; scapes shorter than eye length (SI3 0.83-0.98) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#19|'''. . . . . 19''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Petiole lacking a pair of posteroventral teeth; pronotal sculpture variable but punctures more evenly distributed, not concentrated solely on the anterior quarter (although they may be sparse medially) and usually not occurring in a density that contrasts strongly with that of the posterior half of the head; scapes longer than eye length (SI3 1.02-1.55) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#22|'''. . . . . 22''']]</span><br />
<br />
==19==<br />
return to [[#18 |couplet #18]]<br />
*Head elongate (CI 0.73-0.77); petiole very slender (PLI 0.43-0.49) (Thailand, West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera notabilis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera notabilis casent0902829 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera notabilis casent0902829 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|240px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
*Head broader (CI 0.78-0.90); petiole much shorter (PLI 0.60-0.79) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#20|'''. . . . . 20''']]</span><br />
<br />
==20==<br />
return to [[#19 |couplet #19]]<br />
*Larger species (HW 0.83-0.95), with dense pubescence on postpetiole and abdominal tergite IV, which obscures the sheen of the integument; frontal carinae more widely separated (MFC 0.12-0.15, FCI 0.15-0.16) (Borneo, Thailand) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nodosa]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera nodosa casent0281874 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera nodosa casent0281874 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Smaller species (HW 0.63-0.83), pubescence generally sparser on postpetiole (hairs separated by about their lengths) and varying from sparse to moderately dense on abdominal tergite IV, not obscuring the sheen of the integument; frontal carinae less widely separated (MFC 0.07-0.10, FCI 0.10--0.14) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#21|'''. . . . . 21''']]</span><br />
<br />
==21==<br />
return to [[#20 |couplet #20]]<br />
*Short standing pilosity (0.03--0.05 mm in length) common on most body surfaces, including sides of head, dorsum of head (CSC 15-25), and mesosoma (MSC 30-56) (northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nixa]]'' <br />
<br />
*Standing pilosity much less common on head (CSC 0-6), absent or sparse on the sides when head is observed in full-face view; standing hairs generally sparse on mesosoma (MSC usually <10), but occasionally quite common; if MSC >20 then some hairs relatively long (0.1 0-0.20 mm in length) (India to southern China, south to northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera nitida]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera nitida casent0172004 head 1.jpg|thumb|140px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera nitida casent0172004 profile 1.jpg|thumb|200px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==22==<br />
return to [[#18 |couplet #18]]<br />
*Mesopropodeal impression flanked more or less entirely by lateral ridges, so that the pit-shaped depression extends to the posterior margin of the mesonotum; species found east of Wallace's line (Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#23|'''. . . . . 23''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Mesopropodeal impression with flanking ridges much reduced or lacking anteriorly, so that the pit-shaped depression is separated from the posterior margin of the mesonotum by an open, transverse strip of integument, with longitudinally rugulate sculpture; species found west of Wallace's line (India to the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra and Java) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#28|'''. . . . . 28''']]</span><br />
<br />
==23==<br />
return to [[#22 |couplet #22]]<br />
*Petiole short and very broad (PL/HW 0.57-0.59; PWI 0.79-0.88); postpetiole about 1.4x broader than long; frontal carinae widely separated (FCI 0.19-0.20) (Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera tucurua]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera tucurua casent0217597 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|150px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera tucurua casent0217597 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Petiole longer and less broad (PL/HW 0.62-0.96; PWI 0.33-0.70); postpetiole approximately as long as, or longer than, broad; frontal carinae less widely separated (FCI 0.12-0.19) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#24|'''. . . . . 24''']]</span><br />
<br />
==24==<br />
return to [[#23 |couplet #23]]<br />
*Posterior half of petiolar sternite flat or weakly convex in profile; petiole relatively slender (PLI 0.37-0.61, PWI 0.33-0.57); eyes larger (REL 0.36-0.45); punctures on head between compound eyes relatively coarse, mostly 0.010-0.020 mm in diameter; propodeum somewhat elevated (PDI 1.10-1.34), its dorsal face usually convex in profile, inclined downward posteriorly, and grading insensibly into declivitous face <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#25|'''. . . . . 25''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Posterior half of petiolar sternite with prominent ventral protrusion; petiole usually more robust (PLI 0.57-0.80, PWI 0.50-0.70) and eyes tending to be smaller (REL 0.30-0.41); punctures on head between compound eyes finer, mostly 0.005-0.015 mm in diameter; propodeum lower in profile (PDI 1.00-1.19), its dorsal usually flatter and more strongly differentiated from the declivitous face <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#27|'''. . . . . 27''']]</span><br />
<br />
==25==<br />
return to [[#24 |couplet #24]]<br />
*Head densely punctate, opaque; larger species (HW 0.94-1.04, LHT 0.84-1.00), with long legs and scapes (LHT/HL 0.79-0.86; SI2 0.53--0.55) (New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera atra]]'' <br />
<br />
*Head less densely sculptured, the punctures separated by about their diameters and the interspaces shiny; smaller species (HW 0.75--0.94; LHT 0.63-0.78), with shorter legs and scapes (LHT/HL 0.65-0.74; SI2 0.43-0.50) <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#26|'''. . . . . 26''']]</span><br />
<br />
==26==<br />
return to [[#25 |couplet #25]]<br />
*Frontal carinae widely separated (FCI 0.17-0.19) and eyes relatively small (REL 0.36-0.39, REL2 0.41-0.45), such that MFC/EL 0.38--0.45; pronotum slender, as seen in dorsal view (PrWM/MTW 1.04-1.16); petiole relatively short and broad (PLI 0.58-0.61, PWI 0.55-0.57) (New Guinea) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera mimula]]'' <br />
<br />
*Frontal carinae less widely separated (FCI 0.12-0.16) and eyes larger (REL 0.40-0.45, REL2 0.47-0.53), such that MFC/EL 0.25-0.30; pronotum slightly to strongly expanded laterally (PrWM/MTW 1.15-1.37); petiole shape variable but generally longer and more slender (PLI 0.45-0.59, PWI 0.40-0.49) (New Guinea and adjacent islands; northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera laeviceps]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera laeviceps casent0901932 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera laeviceps casent0901932 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|250px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==27==<br />
return to [[#24 |couplet #24]]<br />
*Small species (HW 0.73-0.81); petiole with short anterior peduncle and large globose node, with steep anterior and posterior faces (FW /PH 0.51-0.62); punctures on head and pronotum mostly very fine, about 0.005 mm in diameter (New Guinea, northern Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera rotula]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera rotula casent0902834 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera rotula casent0902834 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|210px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Larger species (HW 0.80--1.44), with less globose petiolar node, the anterior and posterior faces more gently sloping (FW/PH 0.60-0.88); punctures on head and mesosoma mostly larger, approximately 0.010-0.015 mm in diameter (New Guinea, Australia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera punctulata]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera punctulata casent0106098 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera punctulata casent0106098 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|220px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==28==<br />
return to [[#22 |couplet #22]]<br />
*Standing pilosity common on head and mesosoma (CSC 18-28, MSC 26-54), including mesonotum and propodeum <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#9|'''. . . . . 29''']]</span><br />
<br />
*Standing pilosity sparse on head and mesosoma (CSC 2-4, MSC 1-5), absent from mesonotum and propodeum <span style="background:#F5F5F5">[[#30|'''. . . . . 30''']]</span><br />
<br />
==29==<br />
return to [[#28 |couplet #28]]<br />
*Eyes large (REL 0.41-0.44); lateral pronotal margin sharp-edged; appressed hairs present in moderate density on abdominal tergite IV, in addition to scattered standing hairs (India, West Malaysia) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera aitkenii]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera aitkenii casent0907455 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera aitkenii casent0907455 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Eyes smaller (REL 0.33-0.36); lateral pronotal margin not well developed; abdominal tergite IV with abundant, short standing pilosity but appressed hairs very sparse and inconspicuous (Borneo) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera polita]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera polita casent0902835 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera polita casent0902835 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==30==<br />
return to [[#28 |couplet #28]]<br />
*Eyes larger (REL2 0.51-0.56); profemur shorter (FL/HL 0.53-0.62, EL/FL 0.74-0.82); petiolar node usually with a short, steep anterior face and much longer, more shallowly inclined posterior face (Borneo, Palawan) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera inversinodis]]''<br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera inversinodis casent0902832 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|160px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera inversinodis casent0902832 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|190px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*Eyes smaller (REL2 0.44-0.48); profemur longer (FL/HL 0.60-0.67, EL/FL 0.60-0.66); anterior face of petiolar node usually not much steeper than posterior face (Malay Peninsula south and east to Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines) . . . . . ''[[Tetraponera difficilis]]'' <br />
{|<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera difficilis casent0217589 h 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|[[File:Tetraponera difficilis casent0217589 p 1 high.jpg|thumb|180px|]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Identification key|Tetraponera]][[Category:Tetraponera]]<br />
[[Category:Oriental/Indomalayan_species_identification_keys]]<br />
[[Category:Australian_species_identification_key]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Crematogaster_gypsophila&diff=709096Crematogaster gypsophila2024-03-25T21:35:48Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Crematogaster gypsophila''<br />
|image = Crematogaster gypsophila F2h.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Crematogaster]]''<br />
|species = '''''C. gypsophila'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Crematogaster gypsophila''<br />
|binomial_authority = Mohseni, 2023<br />
}}<br />
<br />
''Crematogaster gypsophila'' appears to be restricted to gypseous soils, gypsum drylands poorly covered with herbaceous and plants such as ''Alhagi maurorum'', ''Artemisia sieberi'', ''Bassia indica'', ''Gypsophila aretioides'', ''Gypsophila viscosa'', ''Lepidium subulatum'', ''Ononis tridentata'', and ''Prosopis farcta''. Foragers were found near the nests; specimens were sampled from gypsum powder and close to the gypsum stones situated near a gypsum mine.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005), Fig. 1.jpg<br />
|comment1=Mohseni & Mikheyev (2023), Fig. 1. Locations of the holotype and paratypes of ''Crematogaster gypsophila''.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005), Fig. 2a.jpg<br />
|comment2=Mohseni & Mikheyev (2023), Fig. 2a. ''Crematogaster gypsophila'' (holotype): (A, H), head in full-face view; (B) head and mesosoma in profile; (C) mesosoma and waist in profile; (D, I) body in profile; (E, J) body in dorsal view; (F) waist and gaster in profile; (G) propodeum, waist, and gaster in dorsal view.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005), Fig. 2b.jpg<br />
|comment3=Mohseni & Mikheyev (2023), Fig. 2b. ''Crematogaster gypsophila'' (holotype).<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005), Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment4=Mohseni & Mikheyev (2023), Fig. 3. Qom Province, Gypsum Mine, type locality of ''C. gypsophila''.<br />
|size4=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Mohseni and Mikheyev (2023) -''Crematogaster gypsophila'' is distinguished by the following morphological features:<br />
*frons of head and coxa shining and without sculpturing and hairs<br />
*gena longitudinally striated in full-face view<br />
*scape with sparse short hairs<br />
*prothorax without striae laterally<br />
*with punctulate sculptured katepisternum and propodeum<br />
*propodeal spines short but completely developed in profile<br />
*petiole with only one pair of long pale hairs on posterior sides, from dorsal view, yellow<br />
*petiole lighter than other parts, petiole pentagonal form<br />
*gaster relatively brighter in the initial third part<br />
<br />
''Crematogaster gypsophila'' seems to be closely related to ''[[Crematogaster laestrygon]]'' as it has the same body color, same sculptured mesonotum, large compound eyes, similar propodeal spines, and same bilobed postpetiole. However, ''C. gypsophila'' can be separated by its hairless frons and coxa, nonsculptured sides of the prothorax, punctulate-sculptured katepisternum and propodeum, and the shape and color of the petiole; ''C. laestrygon'' possesses a hairy frons and coxa, prothorax punctulated laterally, and strong longitudinal striated propodeum and katepisternum. Since no habitat overlap was found for ''C. gypsophila'' and ''C. laestrygon'', and ''C. laestrygon'' in adjacent habitats with significantly lower gypsum gradient of soil was observed, considering detailed comparative morphological investigations, we firmly believe that ''C. gypsophila'' is an allopatric to the widespread ''C. laestrygon'', and the gypseous soil, as a barrier, have had a decisive role in the speciation process.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=34.2<br />
|south_latitude_limit=34.2<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Mohseni & Mikheyev, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Iran]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Queen and male: Unknown.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|gypsophila}}. Crematogaster gypsophila'' Mohseni, 2023: 490, figs. 1, 2 (w.) IRAN.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype TL ca 3 mm; EL 0.21; HL 0.90; HW 0.86; LHT 0.85; ML 0.98; PPL 0.15; PPW 0.20; PRW0.56; PTH 0.20; PTL 0.33; PTW0.35; SL 0.82; Indices: CI 96; OI 24; SI 95; PTHI 61; PTWI 106; PPI 57. <br />
<br />
Paratypes (n = 20). TL ca 2.8e3.1 mm; EL 0.18e0.23; HL 0.86e0.92; HW 0.82e0.90; LHT 0.82e0.88; ML 0.9e1.02; PPL 0.12e 0.16; PPW 0.16e0.25; PRW0.5e0.6; PTH 0.16e0.24; PTL 0.26e0.35; PTW 0.28e0.4; SL 0.75e0.86; Indices. CI 95e98; OI 22e26; SI 91e96; PTHI 61e69; PTWI 108e 114; PPI 57e63.<br />
Head. Head not or scarcely longer than broad; posterior margin of head smoothly rounded laterally; antennae with 11 segments, antennae with distal four or five segments forming somewhat indistinct club; in full-face view, antennal scapes reach the posterior margin of head; with relatively large compound eyes (OI: 22e26), situated above the midline of head in full-face view.<br />
<br />
Mesosoma. Promesonotum and mesonotum forming relatively continuous curve in profile; promesonotal suture not well developed; mesonotal keel very slight; propodeal spines fairly short but acute and well developed; propodeal spiracle round-shaped. Petiole. In lateral view, petiole longer than high (PTHI: 61e69; PTWI: 108e114); broader in anterior part than posterior in dorsal view; petiole pentagonal form; petiole wider than postpetiole; subpetiolar process well developed. <br />
<br />
Postpetiole. Postpetiole bilobed by median longitudinal furrow in dorsal view.<br />
<br />
Pilosity. Apart from frons, head with relatively abundant scattered fine suberect pubescence; clypeal margin with four long yellow setae in anterior part; frons and posterior part of clypeus with no hairs or pubescence; antennae and legs with abundant fine pubescence; pronotum with a few pale long hairs; petiole and postpetiole, each with a pair of long pale hairs on the sides and posterior part, respectively; from dorsal view, gaster with abundant appressed short and long hairs. <br />
<br />
Sculpture. Cephalic surface, particularly frons, smooth; vertex sculpture superficial or feebly imbricate; gena with rather strong longitudinal striae in full-face view; clypeal surface smooth; mesoscutum with fairly distinct sculpturing; anepisternum with longitudinal striae; katepisternum and propodeum with punctulate sculpturing; pronotum and coxa smooth, laterally; petiole and postpetiole finely sculptured; gaster smooth with fine superficial sculpturing.<br />
<br />
Color. General appearance shining; body relatively bicolored black-brown; head and the posterior two-thirds of the gaster blackish brown; mesosoma brown; petiole yellow; postpetiole and the basal third of the gaster brownish-yellow. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype (worker). Iran, Qom Province, Gypsum Mine (34.239765 N, 50.595631 E); Elevation: 1584 m; 2 v 2022; Mohseni M. R. leg.; (CASENT0001714, HMIM); <br />
*Paratypes. 5 workers from the same location, date, and nest of the holotype; 5 workers, Iran, Qom Province, Gypsum Mine (34.242046 N, 50.597275 E); Elevation: 1586 m; 2 v 2022; Mohseni M. R. leg.; (MRMC, HMIM); 10 workers, Iran, Qom Province, Gypsum Mine (34.242491 N, 50.597865 E); Elevation: 1587 m; 3 v 2022; Mohseni M. R. leg.; (MRMC, OUMNH).<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Iran<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
The species name gypsophila (gypsum loving) is a combination of Latin nouns in the nominative case used in apposition (Noun stem þ feminine adjectival suffix in the nominative) and refers to the nesting preference in gypsum soil.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005).pdf|Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of ''Crematogaster'' Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran with an identification key to Iranian ''Crematogaster'' species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 16(4), 484–492]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.japb.2023.08.005}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Crematogaster]][[category:Crematogaster gypsophila]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Crematogaster species|gypsophila]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Crematogaster_gypsophila&diff=709095Crematogaster gypsophila2024-03-25T21:33:57Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Nomenclature */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Crematogaster gypsophila''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Crematogaster]]''<br />
|species = '''''C. gypsophila'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Crematogaster gypsophila''<br />
|binomial_authority = Mohseni, 2023<br />
}}<br />
''Crematogaster gypsophila'' appears to be restricted to gypseous soils, gypsum drylands poorly covered with herbaceous and plants such as ''Alhagi maurorum'', ''Artemisia sieberi'', ''Bassia indica'', ''Gypsophila aretioides'', ''Gypsophila viscosa'', ''Lepidium subulatum'', ''Ononis tridentata'', and ''Prosopis farcta''. Foragers were found near the nests; specimens were sampled from gypsum powder and close to the gypsum stones situated near a gypsum mine.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005), Fig. 1.jpg<br />
|comment1=Mohseni & Mikheyev (2023), Fig. 1. Locations of the holotype and paratypes of ''Crematogaster gypsophila''.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005), Fig. 2a.jpg<br />
|comment2=Mohseni & Mikheyev (2023), Fig. 2a. ''Crematogaster gypsophila'' (holotype): (A, H), head in full-face view; (B) head and mesosoma in profile; (C) mesosoma and waist in profile; (D, I) body in profile; (E, J) body in dorsal view; (F) waist and gaster in profile; (G) propodeum, waist, and gaster in dorsal view.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005), Fig. 2b.jpg<br />
|comment3=Mohseni & Mikheyev (2023), Fig. 2b. ''Crematogaster gypsophila'' (holotype).<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005), Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment4=Mohseni & Mikheyev (2023), Fig. 3. Qom Province, Gypsum Mine, type locality of ''C. gypsophila''.<br />
|size4=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
''Crematogaster gypsophila'' is distinguished by the following morphological features:<br />
*frons of head and coxa shining and without sculpturing and hairs<br />
*gena longitudinally striated in full-face view<br />
*scape with sparse short hairs<br />
*prothorax without striae laterally<br />
*with punctulate sculptured katepisternum and propodeum<br />
*propodeal spines short but completely developed in profile<br />
*petiole with only one pair of long pale hairs on posterior sides, from dorsal view, yellow<br />
*petiole lighter than other parts, petiole pentagonal form<br />
*gaster relatively brighter in the initial third part<br />
<br />
''Crematogaster gypsophila'' seems to be closely related to ''[[Crematogaster laestrygon]]'' as it has the same body color, same sculptured mesonotum, large compound eyes, similar propodeal spines, and same bilobed postpetiole. However, ''C. gypsophila'' can be separated by its hairless frons and coxa, nonsculptured sides of the prothorax, punctulate-sculptured katepisternum and propodeum, and the shape and color of the petiole; ''C. laestrygon'' possesses a hairy frons and coxa, prothorax punctulated laterally, and strong longitudinal striated propodeum and katepisternum. Since no habitat overlap was found for ''C. gypsophila'' and ''C. laestrygon'', and ''C. laestrygon'' in adjacent habitats with significantly lower gypsum gradient of soil was observed, considering detailed comparative morphological investigations, we firmly believe that ''C. gypsophila'' is an allopatric to the widespread ''C. laestrygon'', and the gypseous soil, as a barrier, have had a decisive role in the speciation process.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=34.2<br />
|south_latitude_limit=34.2<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Mohseni & Mikheyev, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Iran]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
Queen and male: Unknown.<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|gypsophila}}. Crematogaster gypsophila'' Mohseni, 2023: 490, figs. 1, 2 (w.) IRAN.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Holotype TL ca 3 mm; EL 0.21; HL 0.90; HW 0.86; LHT 0.85; ML 0.98; PPL 0.15; PPW 0.20; PRW0.56; PTH 0.20; PTL 0.33; PTW0.35; SL 0.82; Indices: CI 96; OI 24; SI 95; PTHI 61; PTWI 106; PPI 57. <br />
<br />
Paratypes (n = 20). TL ca 2.8e3.1 mm; EL 0.18e0.23; HL 0.86e0.92; HW 0.82e0.90; LHT 0.82e0.88; ML 0.9e1.02; PPL 0.12e 0.16; PPW 0.16e0.25; PRW0.5e0.6; PTH 0.16e0.24; PTL 0.26e0.35; PTW 0.28e0.4; SL 0.75e0.86; Indices. CI 95e98; OI 22e26; SI 91e96; PTHI 61e69; PTWI 108e 114; PPI 57e63.<br />
Head. Head not or scarcely longer than broad; posterior margin of head smoothly rounded laterally; antennae with 11 segments, antennae with distal four or five segments forming somewhat indistinct club; in full-face view, antennal scapes reach the posterior margin of head; with relatively large compound eyes (OI: 22e26), situated above the midline of head in full-face view.<br />
<br />
Mesosoma. Promesonotum and mesonotum forming relatively continuous curve in profile; promesonotal suture not well developed; mesonotal keel very slight; propodeal spines fairly short but acute and well developed; propodeal spiracle round-shaped. Petiole. In lateral view, petiole longer than high (PTHI: 61e69; PTWI: 108e114); broader in anterior part than posterior in dorsal view; petiole pentagonal form; petiole wider than postpetiole; subpetiolar process well developed. <br />
<br />
Postpetiole. Postpetiole bilobed by median longitudinal furrow in dorsal view.<br />
<br />
Pilosity. Apart from frons, head with relatively abundant scattered fine suberect pubescence; clypeal margin with four long yellow setae in anterior part; frons and posterior part of clypeus with no hairs or pubescence; antennae and legs with abundant fine pubescence; pronotum with a few pale long hairs; petiole and postpetiole, each with a pair of long pale hairs on the sides and posterior part, respectively; from dorsal view, gaster with abundant appressed short and long hairs. <br />
<br />
Sculpture. Cephalic surface, particularly frons, smooth; vertex sculpture superficial or feebly imbricate; gena with rather strong longitudinal striae in full-face view; clypeal surface smooth; mesoscutum with fairly distinct sculpturing; anepisternum with longitudinal striae; katepisternum and propodeum with punctulate sculpturing; pronotum and coxa smooth, laterally; petiole and postpetiole finely sculptured; gaster smooth with fine superficial sculpturing.<br />
<br />
Color. General appearance shining; body relatively bicolored black-brown; head and the posterior two-thirds of the gaster blackish brown; mesosoma brown; petiole yellow; postpetiole and the basal third of the gaster brownish-yellow. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype (worker). Iran, Qom Province, Gypsum Mine (34.239765 N, 50.595631 E); Elevation: 1584 m; 2 v 2022; Mohseni M. R. leg.; (CASENT0001714, HMIM); <br />
*Paratypes. 5 workers from the same location, date, and nest of the holotype; 5 workers, Iran, Qom Province, Gypsum Mine (34.242046 N, 50.597275 E); Elevation: 1586 m; 2 v 2022; Mohseni M. R. leg.; (MRMC, HMIM); 10 workers, Iran, Qom Province, Gypsum Mine (34.242491 N, 50.597865 E); Elevation: 1587 m; 3 v 2022; Mohseni M. R. leg.; (MRMC, OUMNH).<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Iran<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
The species name gypsophila (gypsum loving) is a combination of Latin nouns in the nominative case used in apposition (Noun stem þ feminine adjectival suffix in the nominative) and refers to the nesting preference in gypsum soil.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005).pdf|Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of ''Crematogaster'' Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran with an identification key to Iranian ''Crematogaster'' species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 16(4), 484–492]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.japb.2023.08.005}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Crematogaster]][[category:Crematogaster gypsophila]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Crematogaster species|gypsophila]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Crematogaster_gypsophila_F2h.jpg&diff=709094File:Crematogaster gypsophila F2h.jpg2024-03-25T21:30:58Z<p>Lubertazzi: Figure 2h. Drawing by Mr. Mohammad Sadegh Mohseni.
Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of ''Crematogaster'' Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran with an identification key to Iranian ''Crematogaster'' species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 16(4), 484–492 ({{doi|10.1016/j.japb.2023.08.005}}).
category:Crematogaster[[category:Crematogaster gyp...</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Figure 2h. Drawing by Mr. Mohammad Sadegh Mohseni. <br />
<br />
[[Media:Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster from Iran (10.1016@j.japb.2023.08.005).pdf|Mohseni, M.R., Mikheyev, A. 2023. A new species of ''Crematogaster'' Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran with an identification key to Iranian ''Crematogaster'' species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 16(4), 484–492]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.japb.2023.08.005}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Crematogaster]][[category:Crematogaster gypsophila]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cataglyphis_convexus&diff=709093Cataglyphis convexus2024-03-25T21:03:26Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cataglyphis convexus''<br />
|image = Cataglyphis convexus F2c.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Formicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Formicini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cataglyphis]]''<br />
|species = '''''C. convexus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cataglyphis convexus''<br />
|binomial_authority = Oueslati, Tlili & Nouira, 2023<br />
}}<br />
According to our observations, ''C. convexus'' has a preference for rocky areas (Figure 3). It has been found that the presence of this species is limited in space with a very high density. During the sampling the workers are going to move overwhelmingly, some workers are carried by others between their mandibles (Figure 4). <br />
<br />
{{#widget:YouTube|id=yK72AVJ6P7w|height=360|width=640}}<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483), Fig. 1.jpg<br />
|comment1=Oueslati et al., 2023. Figure 1: Map showing the sampling region in Tunisia.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483), Fig. 2.jpg<br />
|comment2=Oueslati, W. 2023. Figures 2: Holotype worker: A – body in lateral view; B – body in dorsal view; C – head in full-face view D – petiolar node in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483), Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment3=Oueslati et al., 2023. Figure 3: Typical habitat of ''C. convexus'' in rocky areas.<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483), Fig. 4.jpg<br />
|comment4=Oueslati et al., 2023. Figure 4: Anthill of ''C. convexus''.<br />
|size4=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Oueslati, Tlili and Nouira (2023) - For the description of this species of ''Cataglyphis'' we used the caste of workers, while the queens and males are still unknown (Figures 1-4). It’s a bicoloured species with reddish head, mesosoma, petiolar node and black gaster. Workers are of variable size; their body length can reach 12 mm (Figures 2A & 2B). Their head has almost parallel sides (below the eyes) and gradually convex occipital margin (Figure 2C). The occipital corners are not marked. Their head length is longer than its width (CI 71–93) (Table 1). The anterior clypeal margin presents a convex form, without median notch. A light setae covers the clypeus; slightly longer than the length of clypeus and joined in near its posterior margin. The eyes are relatively small; 0.78 mm is their maximum diameter. The posterior ocelli; located at the level of the posterior margin of eyes; are relatively big, forming equilateral triangle.<br />
<br />
''Cataglyphis convexus'' shares several features of the ''altisquamis''-, ''emmae''- and ''bicolor'' species-groups of ''Cataglyphis''. This species presents a squamiform petiole with a general appearance cuneiform. Its mandibule contains six or seven teeth by splitting off of the median and the premedian teeth into two denticles. The third maxillary palp is the longest segment never flattened and with erect hairs shorter than 1.5 maximum diameter of the segment. Its gaster has a widely set pubescence. The head of ''C. convexus'' is reticulate and sometimes with a honey-combed appearance. The mesosoma length exceeds 4.2 mm. According to Agosti [21], all these last characteristics confirm that these ants belong to the group ''altisquamis''.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, caste worker of ''C. convexus'' has a high funicular index (FI) that may exceed 1990; distinct allometric growth with very dimorphic workers (these last are characteristics for the emmae-group species).<br />
<br />
In general, workers of the species of all two groups above mentioned are unicolorous while ours is bicoloured; with reddish head, mesosoma and petiolar node and black gaster; reminiscent of bicolor species-groups. Moreover, members of this species have a high gaster in locomotion, propodeum arched with an index (PI) less than 200, cephalic index (CI) less than 97; which matches even more the members of the ''bicolor'' group.<br />
<br />
The appropriate taxonomic position of this species can be definitively resolved when males are found. Despite this slight taxonomic blur, ''C. convexus'' clearly differs from one of the species mentioned above by the presence of a V-shaped cavity at the level of apical margin of the petiole.<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=37.6<br />
|south_latitude_limit=37.6<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Oueslati et al., 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on type material===<br />
[[Tunisia]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|convexus}}. Cataglyphis convexus'' Oueslati et al., 2023: 3, figs. 2-4 (w.) TUNISIA.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
Species originally described in diagnosis; that text is found above in the identification section. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Material was collected from arid area upstream of the Sidi Salem dam in northern Tunisia-; governorate of Beja (36°37’21.5”N 9°15’39.7”E) during two field trips in spring 2016.<br />
<br />
The holotype is deposited in the entomological collection of the Biology Department, Faculty of Science Tunis El Manar. A Paratype from the material studied in this paper will be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (NHM ex. BNHM) 2 workers (NHMUK 013806166; NHMUK 013806167); and another Paratype in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) 2 workers (MNHN-EY-EY XXXX; MNHN-EY-EY XXXX).<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Tunisia<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
The word “convexus” is derived from the Latin word “convexus”, to emphasize the presence of a convexity at the apical end of the petiolar node.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483).pdf|Oueslati, W., Tlili, H., Nouira, S. 2023. ''Cataglyphis convexus'' sp.n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Tunisia. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 6(4), 1–6]] ({{doi|10.23880/izab-16000483}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Formicinae]][[category:Formicini]][[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis convexus]]<br />
[[category:Formicinae species]][[category:Formicini species]][[category:Cataglyphis species|convexus]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Cataglyphis_convexus_F2c.jpg&diff=709092File:Cataglyphis convexus F2c.jpg2024-03-25T21:01:35Z<p>Lubertazzi: Figure 2. Holotype, scale bar = 1 mm.
Oueslati, W., Tlili, H., Nouira, S. 2023. ''Cataglyphis convexus'' sp.n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Tunisia. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 6(4), 1–6 ({{doi|10.23880/izab-16000483}}).
category:Cataglyphiscategory:Cataglyphis convexus</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Figure 2. Holotype, scale bar = 1 mm.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483).pdf|Oueslati, W., Tlili, H., Nouira, S. 2023. ''Cataglyphis convexus'' sp.n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Tunisia. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 6(4), 1–6]] ({{doi|10.23880/izab-16000483}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis convexus]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cataglyphis_convexus&diff=709091Cataglyphis convexus2024-03-25T20:57:23Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Nomenclature */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cataglyphis convexus''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Formicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Formicini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cataglyphis]]''<br />
|species = '''''C. convexus'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cataglyphis convexus''<br />
|binomial_authority = Oueslati, Tlili & Nouira, 2023<br />
}}<br />
According to our observations, ''C. convexus'' has a preference for rocky areas (Figure 3). It has been found that the presence of this species is limited in space with a very high density. During the sampling the workers are going to move overwhelmingly, some workers are carried by others between their mandibles (Figure 4). <br />
<br />
<br />
{{#widget:YouTube|id=yK72AVJ6P7w|height=360|width=640}}<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483), Fig. 1.jpg<br />
|comment1=Oueslati et al., 2023. Figure 1: Map showing the sampling region in Tunisia.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483), Fig. 2.jpg<br />
|comment2=Oueslati, W. 2023. Figures 2: Holotype worker: A – body in lateral view; B – body in dorsal view; C – head in full-face view D – petiolar node in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483), Fig. 3.jpg<br />
|comment3=Oueslati et al., 2023. Figure 3: Typical habitat of ''C. convexus'' in rocky areas.<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483), Fig. 4.jpg<br />
|comment4=Oueslati et al., 2023. Figure 4: Anthill of ''C. convexus''.<br />
|size4=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
For the description of this species of ''Cataglyphis'' we used the caste of workers, while the queens and males are still unknown (Figures 1-4). It’s a bicoloured species with reddish head, mesosoma, petiolar node and black gaster. Workers are of variable size; their body length can reach 12 mm (Figures 2A & 2B). Their head has almost parallel sides (below the eyes) and gradually convex occipital margin (Figure 2C). The occipital corners are not marked. Their head length is longer than its width (CI 71–93) (Table 1). The anterior clypeal margin presents a convex form, without median notch. A light setae covers the clypeus; slightly longer than the length of clypeus and joined in near its posterior margin. The eyes are relatively small; 0.78 mm is their maximum diameter. The posterior ocelli; located at the level of the posterior margin of eyes; are relatively big, forming equilateral triangle.<br />
<br />
''Cataglyphis convexus'' shares several features of the ''altisquamis''-, ''emmae''- and ''bicolor'' species-groups of ''Cataglyphis''. This species presents a squamiform petiole with a general appearance cuneiform. Its mandibule contains six or seven teeth by splitting off of the median and the premedian teeth into two denticles. The third maxillary palp is the longest segment never flattened and with erect hairs shorter than 1.5 maximum diameter of the segment. Its gaster has a widely set pubescence. The head of ''C. convexus'' is reticulate and sometimes with a honey-combed appearance. The mesosoma length exceeds 4.2 mm. According to Agosti [21], all these last characteristics confirm that these ants belong to the group ''altisquamis''.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, caste worker of ''C. convexus'' has a high funicular index (FI) that may exceed 1990; distinct allometric growth with very dimorphic workers (these last are characteristics for the emmae-group species).<br />
<br />
In general, workers of the species of all two groups above mentioned are unicolorous while ours is bicoloured; with reddish head, mesosoma and petiolar node and black gaster; reminiscent of bicolor species-groups. Moreover, members of this species have a high gaster in locomotion, propodeum arched with an index (PI) less than 200, cephalic index (CI) less than 97; which matches even more the members of the ''bicolor'' group.<br />
<br />
The appropriate taxonomic position of this species can be definitively resolved when males are found. Despite this slight taxonomic blur, ''C. convexus'' clearly differs from one of the species mentioned above by the presence of a V-shaped cavity at the level of apical margin of the petiole.<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=37.6<br />
|south_latitude_limit=37.6<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Oueslati et al., 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on type material===<br />
[[Tunisia]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|convexus}}. Cataglyphis convexus'' Oueslati et al., 2023: 3, figs. 2-4 (w.) TUNISIA.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
Species originally described in diagnosis; that text is found above in the identification section. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Material was collected from arid area upstream of the Sidi Salem dam in northern Tunisia-; governorate of Beja (36°37’21.5”N 9°15’39.7”E) during two field trips in spring 2016.<br />
<br />
The holotype is deposited in the entomological collection of the Biology Department, Faculty of Science Tunis El Manar. A Paratype from the material studied in this paper will be deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (NHM ex. BNHM) 2 workers (NHMUK 013806166; NHMUK 013806167); and another Paratype in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) 2 workers (MNHN-EY-EY XXXX; MNHN-EY-EY XXXX).<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Tunisia<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
The word “convexus” is derived from the Latin word “convexus”, to emphasize the presence of a convexity at the apical end of the petiolar node.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Oueslati, W. 2023. Cataglyphis convexus, a new ant species in Tunisia (10.23880@izab-16000483).pdf|Oueslati, W., Tlili, H., Nouira, S. 2023. ''Cataglyphis convexus'' sp.n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Tunisia. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 6(4), 1–6]] ({{doi|10.23880/izab-16000483}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Formicinae]][[category:Formicini]][[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis convexus]]<br />
[[category:Formicinae species]][[category:Formicini species]][[category:Cataglyphis species|convexus]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cataglyphis_aphrodite&diff=709090Cataglyphis aphrodite2024-03-25T16:43:35Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''<br />
|image = Cataglyphis aphrodite Holotype major F13.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Formicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Formicini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cataglyphis]]''<br />
|species_group =''bicolor''<br />
|species_complex=''nodus''<br />
|species = '''''C. aphrodite'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''<br />
|binomial_authority = Salata, Demetriou, Georgiadis & Borowiec, 2023<br />
}}<br />
''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' is a thermophilous species noted from low to mid altitudes. Most records are from the seacoast to 200 m a.s.l. The highest sites were placed in pine and cedar forests at 1196 m. It prefers sunny areas like roadsides, salt lake coasts, dry riverbanks, and dry meadows with Mediterranean bushes. Noted also in urban areas on grasses and in gardens. Nests are directly placed in the ground; workers penetrate large areas around the nest’s entrance and are active at high temperatures in the middle of the day.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 11-12.jpg<br />
|comment1=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 11, 12. Holotype major worker of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''. 11 dorsal, 12 lateral (scale bar = 2 mm).<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 13-14.jpg<br />
|comment2=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 13, 14. Holotype major worker of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''. 13 head (scale bar = 1 mm), 14 propodeum and<br />
petiole.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 15-16.jpg<br />
|comment3=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 15, 16. Paratype minor worker of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''. 15 dorsal, 16 lateral (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 17-18.jpg<br />
|comment4=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 17, 18. Paratype gyne of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''. 17 dorsal, 18 lateral (scale bar = 2 mm).<br />
|size4=450px<br />
|name5=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Fig. 19.jpg<br />
|comment5=Salata et al. (2023), Fig. 19. Paratype gyne of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite'', head (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size5=450px<br />
|name6=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Fig. 20.jpg<br />
|comment6=Salata et al. (2023), Fig. 20. Distribution of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' (orange circles) and ''C. chionistrae'' (red circles) in Cyprus.<br />
|size6=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Salata et al. (2023) - ''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' is a member of the ''Cataglyphis nodus'' complex within the ''bicolor'' species group characterised by petiole nodiform, head and mesosoma distinctly sculptured, monophasic variation in body size, and bicolored and large workers (WL always above 3 mm, often above 5 mm) (Agosti 1990).<br />
<br />
The eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin complex consists of two species: ''[[Cataglyphis lunatica]]'' and ''[[Cataglyphis nodus]]''. ''Cataglyphis lunatica'' differs strongly in yellow body coloration and brownish gaster. ''Cataglyphis nodus'' appears to be the most similar-looking species but differs from ''C. aphrodite'' in larger body size. HL in major workers of ''C. nodus'' reaches up to 3.5 mm (less than 2.3 mm in C. aphrodite). The overall small body size was already noticed by Forel (1904), who recorded ''C. nodus'' from Cyprus and pointed out that a smaller size characterizes Cypriot populations compared to typical ''C. nodus''. Also, the setation of mesosoma, if present, is in ''C. nodus'' more abundant and longer than in ''C. aphrodite''. In ''C. nodus'', the longest setae on pronotum are 0.269 mm, on mesonotum 0.230 mm, and propodeum 0.262 mm, while in ''C. aphrodite'' 0.158, 0.076, and 0.079, respectively. Currently, there are four taxa considered junior synonyms of ''C. nodus'', and two of them were described from the Eastern Mediterranean region. ''Cataglyphis bicolor rufiventris'' was described from Korfu [Corfu/Kerkyra] based on differences in the coloration of gaster, while ''Cataglyphis viatica orientalis'' was described from Edirne in Türkiye based on the thicker and lower petiole. In both cases, the characters mentioned above were proven to fall within the infraspecific variation observed in ''C. nodus''. Thus, due to the lack of any name that can be used for the Cypriot populations, we decided to describe them as new to science.<br />
<br />
''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' might also be confused with some other species of the ''bicolor'' species group known from the Eastern Mediterranean:<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis machmal]]'' differs in the dorsum of mesosoma and first gastral tergite with numerous white, long erect setae, mostly longer than apical width of hind tibia (in ''C. aphrodite'' dorsum of mesosoma and first gastral tergite without erect setae or with 1–3 short setae on each mesosomal tergite and at most 6 setae on propodeum, setae never longer than apical width of hind tibia)<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis oasium]]'' differs in a strongly convex propodeum, legs always dark colored (brown to black) and larger size (HL in major workers always above 3 mm while in C. aphrodite HL < 2.5 mm)<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis israelensis]]'' differs in larger body size (HL in major workers up to 3.20 mm) and mesonotum raised over pronotum in most workers<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis laevior]]'' differs in larger body size (HL in major workers always above 3 mm) and less sculptured gaster with shiny lateral sides (in ''C. aphrodite'' gaster is more sculptured and never shiny). Also, ''C. laevior'' is distributed in northern Africa and its records from Türkiye (Kiran & Karaman 2021) and Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood 1985, Collingwood & Agosti 1996) need confirmation.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=35<br />
|south_latitude_limit=34.6<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Salata et al., 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Cyprus]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|aphrodite}}. Cataglyphis aphrodite'' Salata, Demetriou, Georgiadis & Borowiec, 2023: 311, figs. 11-20 (w.q.) CYPRUS.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Major worker (n=8) HL: 2.211 (2.07–2.33); HW: 1.999 (1.80–2.17); SL: 2.245 (2.14–2.31); EL: 0.543 (0.51–0.58); PW: 1.385 (1.27–1.48); PRL: 1.184 (1.10–1.28); PRW: 0.991 (0.92–1.07); PTH: 0.460 (0.33–0.55); PTW: 0.484 (0.45–0.54); WL: 3.160 (3.00–3.33); HFL: 3.391 (3.17–3.63); CI: 1.107 (1.064–1.239); SI: 1.125 (1.064–1.239); PI: 0.951 (0.880–1.021); FI: 1.074 (1.032–1.132).<br />
<br />
Color. Head, mesosoma, petiole, legs, and antennae red, gaster black (Figs. 11, 12). In the palest specimens<br />
gaster brownish black; in the darkest specimens femora reddish brown to brown, occasionally also tibiae reddish<br />
brown but dark specimens represent not more than 10% of all examined specimens. Head. Square, approximately<br />
1.11 x as long as wide, sides below eyes almost parallel, above eyes gently convex, posterior margin slightly convex<br />
or almost straight. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex, without central impression, with a row of 6–8<br />
long yellow setae only slightly shorter than clypeal length. Clypeal surface with very sparse, yellow and appressed<br />
pubescence and anteriorly with few decumbent and short setae, with a pair of long erect setae as long as 1/3–1/2 length of clypeus. Clypeus densely and finely microreticulated, slightly dull, basally with additional longitudinal striation.<br />
Eyes large and oval, approximately 1.3–1.4 x as long as wide and 0.6 x as long as gena. Frontal carinae short, not<br />
extending beyond frontal lobes. Frons narrow, in the narrowest point 0.18–0.15 x as wide as head. Antennal fossa<br />
shallow, opalescent, densely microreticulated and covered with very short and sparse pubescence. Head densely<br />
microreticulated, dull, with no longitudinal or transverse striation, surface covered with very short and sparse,<br />
yellow, appressed pubescence. Anterior and lateral parts of head up to ocellar area without erect setae, ocellar area<br />
usually with a pair of long, yellow erect setae with length of up to 0.222 (in mature specimens setae often broken).<br />
Central part of occipital area usually with 6–8 yellow, short to long erect setae, the longest ~ 0.334. Occipital<br />
corners without or with single short, yellow seta. Ventral side of head without or with 2–4 short yellow setae, three<br />
times shorter than the longest seta on occipitum. Antennal scape long; in frontal view almost straight, 1.06–1.24<br />
x as long as width of the head; base without tooth; apex only slightly and gradually widened; funiculus<br />
longer than scape, pedicel elongated, approximately 0.9 x as long as segments 2 and 3 combined and 1.9 x as long<br />
as segment 2. Surface of scape densely microsculptured, shiny or slightly dull, covered with short, sparse,<br />
mostly appressed to decumbent yellow hairs. Mandibles rounded, basally smooth and shiny, apical ¾ length with<br />
deep grooves, surface shiny with several long, yellow setae. Mesosoma. Long, approximately 2.3 x as long as wide,<br />
metanotal groove shallow. Pronotum regularly rounded on sides. In lateral view, promesonotum regularly arched, mesonotum not raised above pronotum, propodeum positioned lower than promesonotum, dorsum<br />
of propodeum in lateral view form regular arch. Mesosoma densely microreticulated, dull; covered with<br />
yellow appressed pubescence sparse to moderately dense on pronotum and dorsal mesonotum, dense on the surface<br />
of pronotum, laterals sides of mesonotum, and propodeum, dense close to metapleural gland. Pronotum 1–3 short<br />
to moderately long, yellow erect setae, the longest seta with length to 0.158, mesonotum usually with four short,<br />
yellow setae, the longest with length 0.076, propodeum without, or anteriorly with a pair and posteriorly 1–4 short<br />
setae, the longest with length 0.079. Petiole. Nodiform, node in lateral view regularly rounded, posterior face slightly<br />
concave, pedicel elongate. Surface of petiole distinctly microreticulated and slightly shiny, covered with<br />
moderately dense, yellow pubescence, top of node without or with 1–2 very short, yellow erect setae. Gaster. Dull<br />
and distinctly microreticulated, first gastral tergite sometimes with additional transverse striation. Gaster with very<br />
short and sparse appressed pubescence, distance between hair usually longer than length of hair; top of first tergite<br />
usually without or occasionally with 1–2 very short, yellow erect setae, tergite 2 usually without, occasionally with<br />
1–2 short, yellow erect setae, tergite 3 usually with a pair of long, yellow erect setae up to 0.317 mm in length, but in<br />
large specimens setae often broken. Each of gastral sternites with 3–4 long, yellow, and erect setae up to 0.325 mm<br />
in length. Legs. Elongate, hind femora slightly longer than mesosoma (mean FI 1.073). Dorsal and lateral surfaces<br />
of femora and tibiae covered with fine, sparse, appressed to slightly decumbent setae, without additional, decumbent<br />
spiniform setae. Ventral surfaces of hind tibiae with a row of 6–8 long, yellow spines.<br />
<br />
'''Minor''' (n=6) HL: 1.407 (1.17–1.56); HW: 1.102 (0.86–1.29); SL: 1.572 (1.29–1.70); EL: 0.380 (0.33–0.40); PW: 0.872 (0.71–0.98); PRL: 0.788 (0.63–0.84); PRW: 0.638 (0.51–0.69); PTH: 0.305 (0.26–0.35); PTW: 0.305 (0.24–0.34); WL: 2.173 (1.80–2.32); HFL: 2.320 (1.98–2.50); CI: 1.282 (1.209–1.360); SI: 1.432 (1.318–1.466); PI: 1.005 (0.848–1.103); FI: 1.068 (1.035–1.100).<br />
<br />
Color. Similar to major workers, but legs often darker, yellowish brown to brown (Figs. 15, 16). Antennae<br />
sometimes with reddish brown scapi and slightly obscure funicle. Head. Slightly more elongated than in major workers, 1.21–1.36 x as long as wide, below eyes parallel-sided, behind eyes regularly rounded, occipital margin of<br />
head slightly convex. Anterior clypeal margin convex without median impression, central surface of clypeus without<br />
median keel. Eyes large and oval, 1.4 x as long as wide and 0.8 x as long as gena. Sculpture and setation of head and<br />
legs similar to major worker. Mesosoma. Same as in major worker but setation often more visible, mesonotum often with 4–6 setae. Petiole. As in major worker, without erect setae. Gaster. Strongly microreticulated and dull. Tergites 1–2 without erect setae, tergite 3 usually without erect setae but occasionally with a row of 4 short setae. Each of gastral sternites with 2–4 long, yellow erect setae. Legs as long as in major workers with mean FI below 1.068.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
(n=1) HL: 2.30; HW: 2.20; SL: 2.02; EL: 0.57; PW: 1.69; PRL: 1.33; PRW: 1.33; PTH: 0.60; PTW: 0.47; WL: 3.63; HFL: 2.67; CI: 1.045; SI: 0.918; PI: 1.276; FI: 0.736.<br />
<br />
Color. Head, mesosoma, petiole legs, and antennae red, gaster reddish brown (Figs. 17, 18). Head. Square,<br />
almost as long as wide, sides below eyes almost parallel, above eyes gently convex, posterior margin slightly<br />
convex. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex, without central impression, on each side with a row<br />
of 6–8 short yellow setae. Clypeal surface with very sparse yellow appressed pubescence and anteriorly with few<br />
decumbent short setae and close to base with one broken seta. Clypeus densely and finely microreticulated, slightly<br />
shiny, basally often with additional longitudinal striation. Eyes large and oval, approximately 1.4 x as long as wide<br />
and 0.8 x as long as gena. Frontal carinae short, not extending beyond frontal lobes. Frons narrow, in the narrowest<br />
part 0.19 x as wide as head width. Antennal fossa shallow, opalescent, densely microreticulated, and covered with<br />
very short and sparse pubescence. Head regularly, densely microreticulated, frontal face dull, occipital part slightly<br />
shiny, surface of gena covered with extremely short and sparse, yellow, appressed pubescence, rest of head surface<br />
appears bare. Only occipital area with a pair of short, yellow erect setae. Ventral side of head on each side with<br />
4 moderately long yellow setae. Antennal scape long, approximately 0.9 x as long as width of the head; base<br />
without tooth; apex only slightly and gradually widened; funiculus longer than scape, pedicel elongated,<br />
approximately 0.8 x as long as segments 2 and 3 combined and 1.7 x as long as segment 2. Surface of<br />
scape diffusely microsculptured, shiny, covered with short, sparse, mostly appressed to decumbent yellow hairs.<br />
Mandibles rounded, basally smooth and shiny, apical ¾ length with deep grooves, surface shiny, only at base with<br />
3–4 moderately long, yellow setae but probably in fresh specimens mandibles have more erect setae. Mesosoma.<br />
Long, approximately 2.15 x as long as wide. Pronotum elongate, along midline as long as 0.4 length of scutum<br />
(Fig. 17). Pronotum anteriorly with diffused microreticulation, shiny, on sides distinctly microreticulate, slightly<br />
dull, lateral sides with short, sparse, yellow appressed pubescence. In lateral view scutum gibbous anteriorly, top<br />
flattened posteriorly. Surface of scutum densely microreticulated, dull. Scutellum strongly convex, surface<br />
densely microreticulated, dull. Anepisternum densely microreticulated, dull, with only few short, appressed hair,<br />
katepisternum densely microreticulated, dull, along upper margin with broad stripe of dense, appressed, yellow<br />
hair. Propodeum approximately 0.6 x as long as scutum, softly, regularly convex, densely microreticulated, dull;<br />
covered with moderately dense, yellow vestiture, denser on top, sparser on sides close to spiracle, very dense in area<br />
close to metapleural gland. Petiole. Nodiform, like that of worker, node in lateral view regularly rounded, posterior<br />
face slightly concave, pedicel elongate. Surface of petiole distinctly microreticulated but appears slightly<br />
shiny, covered with moderately dense, yellow pubescence, top of node without erect setae. Gaster. Distinctly<br />
microreticulated, anterior face of first tergite appears shiny, rest dull, first gastral tergite with additional transverse<br />
striation. Whole surface of gaster with short and sparse appressed pubescence, distance between hair distinctly<br />
longer than length of hair; top of first tergite without erect setae, tergite 2 and 3 with a pair of short, yellow erect<br />
setae, tergite 3 with a row of 4 erect setae. Each of gastral sternites with a pair of long, yellow, and erect setae. Legs.<br />
Elongate but shorter than in workers, hind femora distinctly shorter than mesosoma (FI 0.736). Dorsal and lateral<br />
surfaces of femora and tibiae covered with fine, sparse, appressed to slightly decumbent setae, without additional,<br />
decumbent spiniform setae. Ventral surfaces of hind tibiae with a row of 8 long, yellow spines.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype (pinned): major worker: CyPRUS, Paphos, 424 m | Agiou Neofytou Mon. | 34.84602 / 32.44784 | 29 IV 2022, L. Borowiec (MNHW).<br />
*Paratypes: 37 w., 1q (pinned): the same data as for holotype (MNHW, JDPC, ZMUA); 1s.: CyPRUS, Akrotiri, 1 m | Limassol Salt Lake loc. 1 | 34.6041 / 32.9528 | 20 IV 2022, L. Borowiec (MNHW); 1w.: CyPRUS, Akrotiri, 0 m | Limassol Salt Lake loc. 2 | 34.60987 / 32.994685 | 20 IV 2022, L. Borowiec (MNHW); 3w.: CyPRUS, Larnaca, 4 m, | Larnaca Salt Lake | 34.91047 / 33.60489 | 22 IV 2022, J. D. [emetriou] C. G. [eorgiadis]; 4s., 2w.: CyPRUS, Paphos, Kato | Paphos, 32 m | 34.75368 / 32.43391 | 17 IV 2022, L. Borowiec; 1s.: CyPRUS, Paphos, 219 m | 2.2 km S of Lemona | 34.842542 / 32.54799 | 29 IV 2022, L. Borowiec; 2s.: CyPRUS, Paphos, Lara | beach, 10 m | 34.91957 / 32.32751 | 18 IV 2022, L. Borowiec; 2s., 3w.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 7 m | Paphos-Lempa, beach area | 34°48.425 N/32°23.643 E | 7 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBC-Cy00048; 1s., 1w.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 7 m | Paphos-Lempa, beach area | 34°47.971 N/32°23.577 E |1 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBC-Cy00049; 1s.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 176 m | Diarizos riv. n. Mamonia | 34°45.736 N/32°37.253 E | 6 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBCCy00050; 1s., 11w.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr. | 1196 m, Cedar Valley | 34°59.703 N/32°41.240 E | 5 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBC-Cy00051; 1s., 1w.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 62 m | Diarizos riv. n. Nikokleia | 34°43.805 N/32°35.037 E | 6 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBCCy00202; major worker: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 25 m | Kato Paphos Palaipafou Ave | 34.758873 / 32.421888 | 4–13 VII 2019, G. Hebda || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBC-Cy00212.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
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|country=Cyprus<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
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}}<br />
--><br />
===Taxonomic Notes===<br />
This species was previously misidentified as:<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis nodus]]'' by Forel (1904): 176 (as ''Myrmecocystus viaticus'' var. ''orientalis'' Forel, 1895).<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis nodus]]'' by Santschi (1939): 7 (as ''Cataglyphis bicolor'' st. ''nodus'' Brullé).<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis viatica]]'' by Dempster (1957): 39 (as ''Myrmecocystus viaticus'' (F.)).<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
Named after Aphrodite, the ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, and procreation. Cyprus is one of the main cult centres of Aphrodite, and according to mythology, she is usually said to have been born near her chief centre of worship, Paphos, the ''terra typica'' for this species.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1).pdf|Salata, S., Demetriou, J., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L. 2023. The ant genus ''Cataglyphis'' Förster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cyprus. Zootaxa, 5264(3), 301–322]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Formicinae]][[category:Formicini]][[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis aphrodite]]<br />
[[category:Formicinae species]][[category:Formicini species]][[category:Cataglyphis species|aphrodite]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cataglyphis_aphrodite&diff=709089Cataglyphis aphrodite2024-03-25T16:41:50Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Nomenclature */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Formicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Formicini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cataglyphis]]''<br />
|species_group =''bicolor''<br />
|species_complex=''nodus''<br />
|species = '''''C. aphrodite'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''<br />
|binomial_authority = Salata, Demetriou, Georgiadis & Borowiec, 2023<br />
}}<br />
''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' is a thermophilous species noted from low to mid altitudes. Most records are from the seacoast to 200 m a.s.l. The highest sites were placed in pine and cedar forests at 1196 m. It prefers sunny areas like roadsides, salt lake coasts, dry riverbanks, and dry meadows with Mediterranean bushes. Noted also in urban areas on grasses and in gardens. Nests are directly placed in the ground; workers penetrate large areas around the nest’s entrance and are active at high temperatures in the middle of the day.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 11-12.jpg<br />
|comment1=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 11, 12. Holotype major worker of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''. 11 dorsal, 12 lateral (scale bar = 2 mm).<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 13-14.jpg<br />
|comment2=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 13, 14. Holotype major worker of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''. 13 head (scale bar = 1 mm), 14 propodeum and<br />
petiole.<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 15-16.jpg<br />
|comment3=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 15, 16. Paratype minor worker of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''. 15 dorsal, 16 lateral (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 17-18.jpg<br />
|comment4=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 17, 18. Paratype gyne of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite''. 17 dorsal, 18 lateral (scale bar = 2 mm).<br />
|size4=450px<br />
|name5=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Fig. 19.jpg<br />
|comment5=Salata et al. (2023), Fig. 19. Paratype gyne of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite'', head (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size5=450px<br />
|name6=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Fig. 20.jpg<br />
|comment6=Salata et al. (2023), Fig. 20. Distribution of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' (orange circles) and ''C. chionistrae'' (red circles) in Cyprus.<br />
|size6=450px<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' is a member of the ''Cataglyphis nodus'' complex within the ''bicolor'' species group characterised by petiole nodiform, head and mesosoma distinctly sculptured, monophasic variation in body size, and bicolored and large workers (WL always above 3 mm, often above 5 mm) (Agosti 1990).<br />
<br />
The eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin complex consists of two species: ''[[Cataglyphis lunatica]]'' and ''[[Cataglyphis nodus]]''. ''Cataglyphis lunatica'' differs strongly in yellow body coloration and brownish gaster. ''Cataglyphis nodus'' appears to be the most similar-looking species but differs from ''C. aphrodite'' in larger body size. HL in major workers of ''C. nodus'' reaches up to 3.5 mm (less than 2.3 mm in C. aphrodite). The overall small body size was already noticed by Forel (1904), who recorded ''C. nodus'' from Cyprus and pointed out that a smaller size characterizes Cypriot populations compared to typical ''C. nodus''. Also, the setation of mesosoma, if present, is in ''C. nodus'' more abundant and longer than in ''C. aphrodite''. In ''C. nodus'', the longest setae on pronotum are 0.269 mm, on mesonotum 0.230 mm, and propodeum 0.262 mm, while in ''C. aphrodite'' 0.158, 0.076, and 0.079, respectively. Currently, there are four taxa considered junior synonyms of ''C. nodus'', and two of them were described from the Eastern Mediterranean region. ''Cataglyphis bicolor rufiventris'' was described from Korfu [Corfu/Kerkyra] based on differences in the coloration of gaster, while ''Cataglyphis viatica orientalis'' was described from Edirne in Türkiye based on the thicker and lower petiole. In both cases, the characters mentioned above were proven to fall within the infraspecific variation observed in ''C. nodus''. Thus, due to the lack of any name that can be used for the Cypriot populations, we decided to describe them as new to science.<br />
<br />
''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' might also be confused with some other species of the ''bicolor'' species group known from the Eastern Mediterranean:<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis machmal]]'' differs in the dorsum of mesosoma and first gastral tergite with numerous white, long erect setae, mostly longer than apical width of hind tibia (in ''C. aphrodite'' dorsum of mesosoma and first gastral tergite without erect setae or with 1–3 short setae on each mesosomal tergite and at most 6 setae on propodeum, setae never longer than apical width of hind tibia)<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis oasium]]'' differs in a strongly convex propodeum, legs always dark colored (brown to black) and larger size (HL in major workers always above 3 mm while in C. aphrodite HL < 2.5 mm)<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis israelensis]]'' differs in larger body size (HL in major workers up to 3.20 mm) and mesonotum raised over pronotum in most workers<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis laevior]]'' differs in larger body size (HL in major workers always above 3 mm) and less sculptured gaster with shiny lateral sides (in ''C. aphrodite'' gaster is more sculptured and never shiny). Also, ''C. laevior'' is distributed in northern Africa and its records from Türkiye (Kiran & Karaman 2021) and Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood 1985, Collingwood & Agosti 1996) need confirmation.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=35<br />
|south_latitude_limit=34.6<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Salata et al., 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Cyprus]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|aphrodite}}. Cataglyphis aphrodite'' Salata, Demetriou, Georgiadis & Borowiec, 2023: 311, figs. 11-20 (w.q.) CYPRUS.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Major worker (n=8) HL: 2.211 (2.07–2.33); HW: 1.999 (1.80–2.17); SL: 2.245 (2.14–2.31); EL: 0.543 (0.51–0.58); PW: 1.385 (1.27–1.48); PRL: 1.184 (1.10–1.28); PRW: 0.991 (0.92–1.07); PTH: 0.460 (0.33–0.55); PTW: 0.484 (0.45–0.54); WL: 3.160 (3.00–3.33); HFL: 3.391 (3.17–3.63); CI: 1.107 (1.064–1.239); SI: 1.125 (1.064–1.239); PI: 0.951 (0.880–1.021); FI: 1.074 (1.032–1.132).<br />
<br />
Color. Head, mesosoma, petiole, legs, and antennae red, gaster black (Figs. 11, 12). In the palest specimens<br />
gaster brownish black; in the darkest specimens femora reddish brown to brown, occasionally also tibiae reddish<br />
brown but dark specimens represent not more than 10% of all examined specimens. Head. Square, approximately<br />
1.11 x as long as wide, sides below eyes almost parallel, above eyes gently convex, posterior margin slightly convex<br />
or almost straight. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex, without central impression, with a row of 6–8<br />
long yellow setae only slightly shorter than clypeal length. Clypeal surface with very sparse, yellow and appressed<br />
pubescence and anteriorly with few decumbent and short setae, with a pair of long erect setae as long as 1/3–1/2 length of clypeus. Clypeus densely and finely microreticulated, slightly dull, basally with additional longitudinal striation.<br />
Eyes large and oval, approximately 1.3–1.4 x as long as wide and 0.6 x as long as gena. Frontal carinae short, not<br />
extending beyond frontal lobes. Frons narrow, in the narrowest point 0.18–0.15 x as wide as head. Antennal fossa<br />
shallow, opalescent, densely microreticulated and covered with very short and sparse pubescence. Head densely<br />
microreticulated, dull, with no longitudinal or transverse striation, surface covered with very short and sparse,<br />
yellow, appressed pubescence. Anterior and lateral parts of head up to ocellar area without erect setae, ocellar area<br />
usually with a pair of long, yellow erect setae with length of up to 0.222 (in mature specimens setae often broken).<br />
Central part of occipital area usually with 6–8 yellow, short to long erect setae, the longest ~ 0.334. Occipital<br />
corners without or with single short, yellow seta. Ventral side of head without or with 2–4 short yellow setae, three<br />
times shorter than the longest seta on occipitum. Antennal scape long; in frontal view almost straight, 1.06–1.24<br />
x as long as width of the head; base without tooth; apex only slightly and gradually widened; funiculus<br />
longer than scape, pedicel elongated, approximately 0.9 x as long as segments 2 and 3 combined and 1.9 x as long<br />
as segment 2. Surface of scape densely microsculptured, shiny or slightly dull, covered with short, sparse,<br />
mostly appressed to decumbent yellow hairs. Mandibles rounded, basally smooth and shiny, apical ¾ length with<br />
deep grooves, surface shiny with several long, yellow setae. Mesosoma. Long, approximately 2.3 x as long as wide,<br />
metanotal groove shallow. Pronotum regularly rounded on sides. In lateral view, promesonotum regularly arched, mesonotum not raised above pronotum, propodeum positioned lower than promesonotum, dorsum<br />
of propodeum in lateral view form regular arch. Mesosoma densely microreticulated, dull; covered with<br />
yellow appressed pubescence sparse to moderately dense on pronotum and dorsal mesonotum, dense on the surface<br />
of pronotum, laterals sides of mesonotum, and propodeum, dense close to metapleural gland. Pronotum 1–3 short<br />
to moderately long, yellow erect setae, the longest seta with length to 0.158, mesonotum usually with four short,<br />
yellow setae, the longest with length 0.076, propodeum without, or anteriorly with a pair and posteriorly 1–4 short<br />
setae, the longest with length 0.079. Petiole. Nodiform, node in lateral view regularly rounded, posterior face slightly<br />
concave, pedicel elongate. Surface of petiole distinctly microreticulated and slightly shiny, covered with<br />
moderately dense, yellow pubescence, top of node without or with 1–2 very short, yellow erect setae. Gaster. Dull<br />
and distinctly microreticulated, first gastral tergite sometimes with additional transverse striation. Gaster with very<br />
short and sparse appressed pubescence, distance between hair usually longer than length of hair; top of first tergite<br />
usually without or occasionally with 1–2 very short, yellow erect setae, tergite 2 usually without, occasionally with<br />
1–2 short, yellow erect setae, tergite 3 usually with a pair of long, yellow erect setae up to 0.317 mm in length, but in<br />
large specimens setae often broken. Each of gastral sternites with 3–4 long, yellow, and erect setae up to 0.325 mm<br />
in length. Legs. Elongate, hind femora slightly longer than mesosoma (mean FI 1.073). Dorsal and lateral surfaces<br />
of femora and tibiae covered with fine, sparse, appressed to slightly decumbent setae, without additional, decumbent<br />
spiniform setae. Ventral surfaces of hind tibiae with a row of 6–8 long, yellow spines.<br />
<br />
'''Minor''' (n=6) HL: 1.407 (1.17–1.56); HW: 1.102 (0.86–1.29); SL: 1.572 (1.29–1.70);<br />
EL: 0.380 (0.33–0.40); PW: 0.872 (0.71–0.98); PRL: 0.788 (0.63–0.84); PRW: 0.638 (0.51–0.69); PTH: 0.305<br />
(0.26–0.35); PTW: 0.305 (0.24–0.34); WL: 2.173 (1.80–2.32); HFL: 2.320 (1.98–2.50); CI: 1.282 (1.209–1.360);<br />
SI: 1.432 (1.318–1.466); PI: 1.005 (0.848–1.103); FI: 1.068 (1.035–1.100).<br />
<br />
Color. Similar to major workers, but legs often darker, yellowish brown to brown (Figs. 15, 16). Antennae<br />
sometimes with reddish brown scapi and slightly obscure funicle. Head. Slightly more elongated than in major workers, 1.21–1.36 x as long as wide, below eyes parallel-sided, behind eyes regularly rounded, occipital margin of<br />
head slightly convex. Anterior clypeal margin convex without median impression, central surface of clypeus without<br />
median keel. Eyes large and oval, 1.4 x as long as wide and 0.8 x as long as gena. Sculpture and setation of head and<br />
legs similar to major worker. Mesosoma. Same as in major worker but setation often more visible, mesonotum often with 4–6 setae. Petiole. As in major worker, without erect setae. Gaster. Strongly microreticulated and dull. Tergites 1–2 without erect setae, tergite 3 usually without erect setae but occasionally with a row of 4 short setae. Each of gastral sternites with 2–4 long, yellow erect setae. Legs as long as in major workers with mean FI below 1.068.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
(n=1) HL: 2.30; HW: 2.20; SL: 2.02; EL: 0.57; PW: 1.69; PRL: 1.33; PRW: 1.33; PTH:<br />
0.60; PTW: 0.47; WL: 3.63; HFL: 2.67; CI: 1.045; SI: 0.918; PI: 1.276; FI: 0.736.<br />
<br />
Color. Head, mesosoma, petiole legs, and antennae red, gaster reddish brown (Figs. 17, 18). Head. Square,<br />
almost as long as wide, sides below eyes almost parallel, above eyes gently convex, posterior margin slightly<br />
convex. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex, without central impression, on each side with a row<br />
of 6–8 short yellow setae. Clypeal surface with very sparse yellow appressed pubescence and anteriorly with few<br />
decumbent short setae and close to base with one broken seta. Clypeus densely and finely microreticulated, slightly<br />
shiny, basally often with additional longitudinal striation. Eyes large and oval, approximately 1.4 x as long as wide<br />
and 0.8 x as long as gena. Frontal carinae short, not extending beyond frontal lobes. Frons narrow, in the narrowest<br />
part 0.19 x as wide as head width. Antennal fossa shallow, opalescent, densely microreticulated, and covered with<br />
very short and sparse pubescence. Head regularly, densely microreticulated, frontal face dull, occipital part slightly<br />
shiny, surface of gena covered with extremely short and sparse, yellow, appressed pubescence, rest of head surface<br />
appears bare. Only occipital area with a pair of short, yellow erect setae. Ventral side of head on each side with<br />
4 moderately long yellow setae. Antennal scape long, approximately 0.9 x as long as width of the head; base<br />
without tooth; apex only slightly and gradually widened; funiculus longer than scape, pedicel elongated,<br />
approximately 0.8 x as long as segments 2 and 3 combined and 1.7 x as long as segment 2. Surface of<br />
scape diffusely microsculptured, shiny, covered with short, sparse, mostly appressed to decumbent yellow hairs.<br />
Mandibles rounded, basally smooth and shiny, apical ¾ length with deep grooves, surface shiny, only at base with<br />
3–4 moderately long, yellow setae but probably in fresh specimens mandibles have more erect setae. Mesosoma.<br />
Long, approximately 2.15 x as long as wide. Pronotum elongate, along midline as long as 0.4 length of scutum<br />
(Fig. 17). Pronotum anteriorly with diffused microreticulation, shiny, on sides distinctly microreticulate, slightly<br />
dull, lateral sides with short, sparse, yellow appressed pubescence. In lateral view scutum gibbous anteriorly, top<br />
flattened posteriorly. Surface of scutum densely microreticulated, dull. Scutellum strongly convex, surface<br />
densely microreticulated, dull. Anepisternum densely microreticulated, dull, with only few short, appressed hair,<br />
katepisternum densely microreticulated, dull, along upper margin with broad stripe of dense, appressed, yellow<br />
hair. Propodeum approximately 0.6 x as long as scutum, softly, regularly convex, densely microreticulated, dull;<br />
covered with moderately dense, yellow vestiture, denser on top, sparser on sides close to spiracle, very dense in area<br />
close to metapleural gland. Petiole. Nodiform, like that of worker, node in lateral view regularly rounded, posterior<br />
face slightly concave, pedicel elongate. Surface of petiole distinctly microreticulated but appears slightly<br />
shiny, covered with moderately dense, yellow pubescence, top of node without erect setae. Gaster. Distinctly<br />
microreticulated, anterior face of first tergite appears shiny, rest dull, first gastral tergite with additional transverse<br />
striation. Whole surface of gaster with short and sparse appressed pubescence, distance between hair distinctly<br />
longer than length of hair; top of first tergite without erect setae, tergite 2 and 3 with a pair of short, yellow erect<br />
setae, tergite 3 with a row of 4 erect setae. Each of gastral sternites with a pair of long, yellow, and erect setae. Legs.<br />
Elongate but shorter than in workers, hind femora distinctly shorter than mesosoma (FI 0.736). Dorsal and lateral<br />
surfaces of femora and tibiae covered with fine, sparse, appressed to slightly decumbent setae, without additional,<br />
decumbent spiniform setae. Ventral surfaces of hind tibiae with a row of 8 long, yellow spines.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype (pinned): major worker: CyPRUS, Paphos, 424 m | Agiou Neofytou Mon. | 34.84602 / 32.44784 | 29 IV 2022, L. Borowiec (MNHW).<br />
*Paratypes: 37 w., 1q (pinned): the same data as for holotype (MNHW, JDPC, ZMUA); 1s.: CyPRUS, Akrotiri, 1 m | Limassol Salt Lake loc. 1 | 34.6041 / 32.9528 | 20 IV 2022, L. Borowiec (MNHW); 1w.: CyPRUS, Akrotiri, 0 m | Limassol Salt Lake loc. 2 | 34.60987 / 32.994685 | 20 IV 2022, L. Borowiec (MNHW); 3w.: CyPRUS, Larnaca, 4 m, | Larnaca Salt Lake | 34.91047 / 33.60489 | 22 IV 2022, J. D. [emetriou] C. G. [eorgiadis]; 4s., 2w.: CyPRUS, Paphos, Kato | Paphos, 32 m | 34.75368 / 32.43391 | 17 IV 2022, L. Borowiec; 1s.: CyPRUS, Paphos, 219 m | 2.2 km S of Lemona | 34.842542 / 32.54799 | 29 IV 2022, L. Borowiec; 2s.: CyPRUS, Paphos, Lara | beach, 10 m | 34.91957 / 32.32751 | 18 IV 2022, L. Borowiec; 2s., 3w.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 7 m | Paphos-Lempa, beach area | 34°48.425 N/32°23.643 E | 7 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBC-Cy00048; 1s., 1w.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 7 m | Paphos-Lempa, beach area | 34°47.971 N/32°23.577 E |1 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBC-Cy00049; 1s.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 176 m | Diarizos riv. n. Mamonia | 34°45.736 N/32°37.253 E | 6 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBCCy00050; 1s., 11w.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr. | 1196 m, Cedar Valley | 34°59.703 N/32°41.240 E | 5 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBC-Cy00051; 1s., 1w.: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 62 m | Diarizos riv. n. Nikokleia | 34°43.805 N/32°35.037 E | 6 V 2012, L. Borowiec || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBCCy00202; major worker: CyPRUS, Paphos distr., 25 m | Kato Paphos Palaipafou Ave | 34.758873 / 32.421888 | 4–13 VII 2019, G. Hebda || Collection L. Borowiec | Formicidae | LBC-Cy00212.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Cyprus<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Taxonomic Notes===<br />
This species was previously misidentified as:<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis nodus]]'' by Forel (1904): 176 (as ''Myrmecocystus viaticus'' var. ''orientalis'' Forel, 1895).<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis nodus]]'' by Santschi (1939): 7 (as ''Cataglyphis bicolor'' st. ''nodus'' Brullé).<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis viatica]]'' by Dempster (1957): 39 (as ''Myrmecocystus viaticus'' (F.)).<br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
Named after Aphrodite, the ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, and procreation. Cyprus is one of the main cult centres of Aphrodite, and according to mythology, she is usually said to have been born near her chief centre of worship, Paphos, the ''terra typica'' for this species.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1).pdf|Salata, S., Demetriou, J., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L. 2023. The ant genus ''Cataglyphis'' Förster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cyprus. Zootaxa, 5264(3), 301–322]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Formicinae]][[category:Formicini]][[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis aphrodite]]<br />
[[category:Formicinae species]][[category:Formicini species]][[category:Cataglyphis species|aphrodite]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cataglyphis_chionistrae&diff=709088Cataglyphis chionistrae2024-03-25T16:38:34Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''<br />
|image = Cataglyphis chionistrae Holotype major F7.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Formicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Formicini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cataglyphis]]''<br />
|species_group = ''cursor''<br />
|species_complex=''cursor''<br />
|species = '''''C. chionistrae'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''<br />
|binomial_authority = Salata, Demetriou, Georgiadis & Borowiec, 2023<br />
}}<br />
All nests discussed by Salata et al. (2023) were located under moderate sized stones located in the highest parts of Mt. Olympus around the peak locality of Chionistra, overgrown with ''Pinus nigra'' subsp. ''nigra'' var. ''pallasiana'' at an altitude from 1862 to 1928 m a.s.l. ''Cataglyphis chionistrae'' is the only species of the ''C. cursor'' complex from the eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin that prefers shadowed sites inside old pine forests. All other species are more photophilous and build nests in open spaces such as mountain steppes or xerothermophilic meadows with sparse vegetation, and if in pine forests, then on luminous clearings or broad sandy roadsides.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 1-2.jpg<br />
|comment1=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 1, 2. Holotype major worker of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 1 dorsal, 2 lateral (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 3-4.jpg<br />
|comment2=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 3, 4. Holotype major of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 3 clypeus and mandibles, 4 propodeum and petiole (not in<br />
scale).<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 5-6.jpg<br />
|comment3=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 5, 6. Paratype minor worker of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 5 dorsal, 6 lateral (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 7-8.jpg<br />
|comment4=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 7, 8. Head of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 7 holotype major, 8 paratype gyne (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size4=450px<br />
|name5=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 9-10.jpg<br />
|comment5=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 9, 10. Paratype gyne of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 9 dorsal, 10 lateral (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size5=450px<br />
|name6=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Fig. 20.jpg<br />
|comment6=Salata et al. (2023), Fig. 20. Distribution of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' (orange circles) and ''C. chionistrae'' (red circles) in Cyprus.<br />
|size6=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Salata et al. (2023) - Workers of ''C. chionistrae'' differ from ''[[Cataglyphis minos]]'' in the lack of erect setae on their antennal scapes, less setose pronotum and propodeum, and in major workers in the lack of erect setae on the first gastral tergite; from ''[[Cataglyphis cretica]]'' in the smaller body size, less opalescent body sculpture, and in the presence of long and erect setae on the occipital part of the head and all mesosomal tergites (also in minor workers); from ''[[Cataglyphis hellenica]]'', ''[[Cataglyphis italica]]'', and ''Cataglyphis'' cf. ''aenescens'' from Türkiye in usually deep black and always monochromous body coloration; longer antennal scapes (SI approximately 1.3 in ''C. chionistrae'' vs < 1.22 in ''C. hellenica'', ''C. italica'', and ''C''. cf. ''aenescens''), and more shiny body surface.<br />
<br />
This species is a member of the ''Cataglyphis cursor'' species complex within the ''cursor'' species group characterized by a petiole in the shape of a thick squama and monomorphic or with monophasic size variation of worker caste (Agosti 1990). Recent genetic studies showed that ''C. aenescens'' sensu lato is a group of cryptic or subcryptic taxa with rather small distribution areas and complicated genetic structure displaying clonal social hybridogenesis (Kuhn et al. 2020). In the eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin, the following species have been hitherto recorded:<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis aenescens]]'' - Türkiye<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis cretica]]'' - Crete<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis hellenica]]'' - Greece<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis italica]]'' - Italy<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis minos]]'' - Crete<br />
<br />
The status of the Turkish populations recorded under ''C. aenescens'' is rather unclear. This taxon appears to be common in Central Anatolia (Kiran & Karaman 2021). However, as the true ''C. aenescens'' was described from “Russia meridionalis” without the exact type locality and based on material collected by V. Motschulsky, it is possible that Turkish populations are not conspecific with populations from eastern Ukraine and the area north of the Caucasus. Kuhn et al. (2020) reported ''C. aenescens'' from Iran based on material collected close to the Caspian Sea and revealed that these populations genetically differ from populations distributed eastward. Thus, it is also possible that populations from the south Caspian area are not conspecific with true ''C. aenescens''. So far, no species of the ''cursor'' complex has been noted from Israel (Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch 2009) nor Lebanon (Guenard et al. 2017), but ''C. aenescens'' was recorded from Syria by Wheeler & Mann (1916). However, it is unknown which morphogenotype the Syrian populations represent.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=34.9<br />
|south_latitude_limit=34.9<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Salata et al., 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Cyprus]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|chionistrae}}. Cataglyphis chionistrae'' Salata, Demetriou, Georgiadis & Borowiec, 2023: 304, figs. 1-10, 20 (w.q.) CYPRUS.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
'''Major''' (n=8) HL: 1.464 (1.35–1.51); HW: 1.193 (1.09–1.26); SL: 1.551 (1.42–1.64); EL: 0.430 (0.41–0.45); PW: 0.965 (0.94–1.00); PRL: 0.778 (0.70–0.82); PRW: 0.681 (0.64–0.71); PTH: 0.448 (0.40–0.49); PTW: 0.226 (0.21–0.24); WL: 2.085 (2.00–2.15); HFL: 2.069 (2.00–2.17); CI: 1.228 (1.183–1.265); SI: 1.301 (1.262–1.344); PI: 1.983 (1.708–2.143); FI: 0.992 (0.972–1.029).<br />
<br />
Color. Whole body black; in a few examined specimens the frontal part of the head and gena were slightly paler colored, brownish black but the rest of the body was always deep black; legs bicolored, coxa, trochanters, and femora black, only knee yellowish to yellowish brown, tibiae yellowish brown to brown, usually fore tibiae paler colored than mid and hind tibiae, tarsi yellow. Antennae yellow to yellowish brown. Head. Almost square, approximately 1.23 x as long as wide, sides below eyes slightly converging anterad, above eyes gently convex, posterior margin slightly convex. Anterior clypeal margin convex, without shallow median emargination, with a row of very short setae and of 6–8 long yellowish-brown setae, the longest 0.6 x as long as than clypeal length. Clypeal plate with very sparse yellow appressed pubescence, anteriorly with additional few decumbent short setae, basally with a pair of long erect setae as long as 1/3–1/2 length of clypeus. Clypeus densely and finely microreticulated, slightly dull, at least basal half of clypeus with additional thin longitudinal striation. Eyes large and oval, approximately 1.4–1.5 x as long as wide, and 0.8 x as long as gena. Frontal carinae short, slightly extending beyond frontal lobes. Frons narrow, in the narrowest point 0.26–0.27 x as wide as head width. Antennal fossa shallow, opalescent, covered with very short and sparse pubescence, densely<br />
microreticulated, sculpture tends to form semicircular striae. Head densely microreticulated, dull, with additional longitudinal striation, gena with very short and sparse, yellow, appressed pubescence. Anterior and lateral parts of head up to ocellar area without erect setae, except for one to two pairs of moderately long setae on frons; ocellar area usually with a pair of long, yellow erect setae with length up to 0.174 (setae in mature specimens often broken). Lateral parts of occipitum with 2–3 erect setae, the longest ~ 0.206. Antennal scape long, in frontal view almost straight, approximately 1.3 x as long as width of the head; base without tooth; apex only slightly and gradually widened; funiculus longer than scape, pedicel elongated, approximately 0.8 x as long as segments 2 and 3 combined and 1.5 x as long as segment 2. Scape microsculptured, slightly dull, covered with short and sparse hairs, mostly appressed, only at apices slightly decumbent, without erect setae. Mandibles rounded, basally smooth and shiny, apical ¾ length with deep grooves, shiny with few long and short yellow setae, cutting edge with 4 large teeth. Mesosoma. Long, approximately 2.2 x as long as wide, metanotal groove deep. Pronotum convex on sides. In lateral view pro- and mesonotum form regular convexity, propodeum positioned lower than promesonotum, distinctly convex in lateral view with top of convexity slightly behind the middle. Mesosoma densely microreticulated but shiny, on top of promesonotum with very sparse and short, hardly visible appressed pubescence, anterior surface of pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum with more visible yellowish white vestiture. Pronotum with one or two pairs of moderately long yellow setae, the longer pair with length 0.222, the shorter with length up to 0.110, mesonotum anteriorly with 2–4 short standing setae, the longest twice shorter than long setae on pronotum, and in posterior half with a pair of short setae, propodeum with 8–14 moderately long, yellow erect setae, the longest with length 0.143. Petiole. Squamiform, thin, PI approximately 1.95, anterior face softly convex, posterior face almost flat, top of petiole rounded obtusely angulate, surface diffusely microreticulate, covered with short, sparse, white appressed pubescence, apex without or with 2–4 erect setae. Gaster. With fine and partly diffused microreticulation tending to form transverse striation, surface strongly shiny. Whole surface of gaster with very short and very sparse appressed pubescence, distance between hair mostly longer than length of hair; tergites 1–2 without erect setae or sometimes second tergite with a pair of short, white erect setae, tergite 3 with transverse row of 4 short erect setae. Each of gastral sternites with 3–4 long, white to yellow erect setae. Legs. Moderately elongate, FI approximately 0.992. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of femora and tibiae covered with thin, sparse, mostly appressed or only slightly decumbent yellow setae, without decumbent spiniform setae. Ventral surfaces of femora and tibiae with sparse, moderately long, and yellow suberect to erect setae, ventral margin of hind tibiae with a row of 5–6 spines.<br />
<br />
'''Minor''' (n=6) HL: 1.137 (1.05–1.22); HW: 0.833 (0.75–0.90); SL: 1.258 (1.19–1.32); EL: 0.358 (0.34–0.38); PW: 0.753 (0.70–0.83); PRL: 0.638 (0.61–0.67); PRW: 0.550 (0.52–0.59); PTH: 0.312<br />
(0.29–0.34); PTW: 0.163 (0.15–0.18); WL: 1.710 (1.60–1.82); HFL: 1.648 (1.49–1.76); CI: 1.365 (1.341–1.400); SI: 1.512 (1.467–1.587); PI: 1.917 (1.611–2.125); FI: 0.964 (0.903–0.988).<br />
<br />
Color. Same as in major workers, often antennae darker, brown (Figs. 5, 6). Head. Slightly more elongated than in major workers, 1.34–1.40 x as long as wide, below eyes softly converging anterad, behind eyes regularly rounded, occipital margin of head slightly convex. Anterior clypeal margin convex with shallow median emargination. Eyes large but slightly shorter than in major workers, 1.3 x as long as wide and 0.8 x as long as gena. Sculpture and setation of head and legs similar to major worker. Mesosoma. Same as in major worker but setation usually shorter and less numerous than in majors. Petiole. Stouter than in major worker, mean PI 1.92, without erect setae. Gaster. As finely microreticulated as in majors. Tergites 1–2 without erect setae, tergite 3 usually without erect<br />
setae but occasionally with two short setae. Each of gastral sternites with 2–4 long, white to yellow erect setae. Legs slightly shorter than in major workers with mean FI 0.963.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
(n=2) HL: 1.54 (1.51–1.57); HW: 1.42 (1.37–1.47); SL: 1.345 (1.27–1.42); EL: 0.455 (0.45–0.46; PW: 1.205 (1.19–1.22); PRL: 0.93 (0.92–0.94); PRW: 1.005 (1.00–1.01); PTH: 0.515 (0.49–0.54); PTW: 0.23 (0.22–0.24); WL: 2.485 (2.37–2.60); HFL: 1.765 (1.70–1.83); CI: 1.085 (1.068–1.102); SI: 0.947<br />
(0.927–0.966); PI: 2.239 (2.227–2.250); FI: 0.711 (0.704–0.717).<br />
<br />
Color. Head reddish to reddish brown centrally, brown laterally and posteriorly; mesosoma mostly brown, scutellum and upper parts of episterna paler, reddish brown; petiole brown, gaster dorsally black, laterally brown; coxa, trochanters and femora mostly brown except reddish brown margins and reddish knee, tibiae yellowish or reddish brown, tarsi and antennae yellow (Figs. 8–10). Head. Almost square, approximately 1.1 x as long as wide, sides below eyes almost parallel, above eyes gently convex, posterior margin slightly convex. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex, with shallow median<br />
emargination, with a row of short setae and 6 long setae, the longest with length 0.269 and 0.68 x as long as length<br />
of clypeus. Clypeus with very sparse yellow appressed pubescence, anteriorly and basally with few decumbent short<br />
setae, anterolaterally with a pair of long erect setae surface densely and finely microreticulated, slightly dull, basally<br />
often with additional longitudinal striation. Eyes large and oval, approximately 1.5 x as long as wide and 0.8 x as<br />
long as gena. Frontal carinae short, not extending beyond frontal lobes. Frons narrow, in the narrowest point 0.22 x<br />
as wide as head width. Antennal fossa shallow, opalescent, densely microreticulated and covered with very short and<br />
sparse pubescence. Head regularly and densely microreticulated, in frontal area with additional longitudinal striation,<br />
behind eyes with additional semicircular striation; surface of gena and sides of head covered with extremely short<br />
and sparse, yellow, appressed pubescence. Frons with two pairs of long erect setae, between frons one pair of similar<br />
setae, ocellar area with 3–4 long erect setae, the longest with length 0.238, occipital sides with 2–3 long setae, the<br />
longest as long as the longest seta in ocellar area. Ventral side of head on each side with 4–5 long yellow setae.<br />
Antennal scape long, approximately 0.9 x as long as width of the head; base without tooth; apex only slightly and<br />
gradually widened; funiculus longer than scape, pedicel elongated, approximately 0.7 x as long as segments<br />
2 and 3 combined and twice as long as segment 2. Surface of scape diffusely microsculptured, shiny, covered<br />
with short, sparse, mostly appressed yellow hairs. Mandibles rounded, basally smooth and shiny, apical ¾ length<br />
with deep grooves, surface shiny, with 3–4 moderately long, yellow setae. Mesosoma. Long, approximately 2.06<br />
x as long as wide. Pronotum elongate, along midline as long as 0.7 length of scutum. Surface of pronotum<br />
anteriorly with diffused microreticulation, shiny, on sides distinctly microreticulated, slightly dull, with additional<br />
semicircular striation; anterior slope appears bare; sides with short, sparse, yellow appressed pubescence, at base a<br />
row of 4 yellow setae with length up to 0.286. In lateral view scutum gibbous anteriorly, top flattened posteriorly<br />
(Fig. 10). Surface of scutum densely microreticulated, but shiny, anteriorly, on sides and at base with long setae up<br />
to 0.275 mm length. Scutellum moderately convex, surface densely microreticulated, shiny, microreticulation with<br />
additional longitudinal striation, antero- and posterolateral corners with long erect setae. Anepisternum densely<br />
microreticulated, dull, with only few short, appressed hair; katepisternum densely microreticulated, dull, covered<br />
with moderately dense, appressed, yellow hair. Propodeum slightly shorter than scutum, softly, regularly convex,<br />
densely microreticulated, surface anteriorly and on sides dull, posteriorly shiny, covered with moderately dense,<br />
yellow vestiture, denser on top, sparser on sides close to spiracle, very dense in area close to metapleural gland,<br />
top of propodeum with more than 20 yellow erect setae, the longest with length 0.192. Petiole. Squamiform, like<br />
in workers, anterior face slightly convex, posterior face almost flat, PI 2.23–2.25. Surface of petiole<br />
distinctly microreticulated and shiny, covered with moderately dense, yellow pubescence, top of node without a pair<br />
of elongate erect setae. Gaster. Distinctly microreticulated and shiny, with additional transverse striation. Whole<br />
surface of gaster with short and sparse appressed pubescence; distance between hair longer than length of hair.<br />
Tergite 1–3 with a pair of long, yellow erect setae. Each of gastral sternites with 2–4 long, yellow, and erect setae.<br />
Legs. Moderately elongated but shorter than in workers, hind femora distinctly shorter than mesosoma (FI 0.711).<br />
Dorsal and lateral surfaces of femora and tibiae covered with fine, sparse, moderately long, appressed to decumbent<br />
setae, external surface of mid and hind tibiae with a row of very long erect setae up to 0.300 mm length. Ventral<br />
surfaces of hind tibiae with 1–2 yellow subapical spines.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype: major worker (pin): CYPRUS, Limassol, Mt | Olympos/Chionistra loc. 1, 1862 m | 34.92943 / 32.87001 | 25 IV 2022, L. Borowiec || ''Pinus nigra'' forest | nest under stone (MNHW).<br />
*Paratypes: 24 workers, 1 queen: the same data as holotype (MNHW, JDPC, ZMUA); 1 queen, 6 workers: CYPRUS, Limassol, Mt | Olympos/Chionistra loc. 3, 1928 m | 34.93563 / 32.8624 | 26 IV 2022, L. Borowiec || ''Pinus nigra'' forest | nest under stone (MNHW).<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Cyprus<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
Named after its ''locus typicus'', Chionistra (= Mt. Olympos, 1,952 m), the highest point in Cyprus.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1).pdf|Salata, S., Demetriou, J., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L. 2023. The ant genus ''Cataglyphis'' Förster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cyprus. Zootaxa, 5264(3), 301–322]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Formicinae]][[category:Formicini]][[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis chionistrae]]<br />
[[category:Formicinae species]][[category:Formicini species]][[category:Cataglyphis species|chionistrae]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cataglyphis_chionistrae&diff=709087Cataglyphis chionistrae2024-03-25T16:36:20Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Nomenclature */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Formicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Formicini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cataglyphis]]''<br />
|species_group = ''cursor''<br />
|species_complex=''cursor''<br />
|species = '''''C. chionistrae'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''<br />
|binomial_authority = Salata, Demetriou, Georgiadis & Borowiec, 2023<br />
}}<br />
All nests discussed by Salata et al. (2023) were located under moderate sized stones located in the highest parts of Mt. Olympus around the peak locality of Chionistra, overgrown with ''Pinus nigra'' subsp. ''nigra'' var. ''pallasiana'' at an altitude from 1862 to 1928 m a.s.l. ''Cataglyphis chionistrae'' is the only species of the ''C. cursor'' complex from the eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin that prefers shadowed sites inside old pine forests. All other species are more photophilous and build nests in open spaces such as mountain steppes or xerothermophilic meadows with sparse vegetation, and if in pine forests, then on luminous clearings or broad sandy roadsides.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 1-2.jpg<br />
|comment1=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 1, 2. Holotype major worker of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 1 dorsal, 2 lateral (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 3-4.jpg<br />
|comment2=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 3, 4. Holotype major of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 3 clypeus and mandibles, 4 propodeum and petiole (not in<br />
scale).<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|name3=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 5-6.jpg<br />
|comment3=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 5, 6. Paratype minor worker of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 5 dorsal, 6 lateral (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size3=450px<br />
|name4=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 7-8.jpg<br />
|comment4=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 7, 8. Head of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 7 holotype major, 8 paratype gyne (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size4=450px<br />
|name5=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Figs. 9-10.jpg<br />
|comment5=Salata et al. (2023), Figs. 9, 10. Paratype gyne of ''Cataglyphis chionistrae''. 9 dorsal, 10 lateral (scale bar = 1 mm).<br />
|size5=450px<br />
|name6=Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1), Fig. 20.jpg<br />
|comment6=Salata et al. (2023), Fig. 20. Distribution of ''Cataglyphis aphrodite'' (orange circles) and ''C. chionistrae'' (red circles) in Cyprus.<br />
|size6=450px<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Workers of ''C. chionistrae'' differ from ''[[Cataglyphis minos]]'' in the lack of erect setae on their antennal scapes, less setose pronotum and propodeum, and in major workers in the lack of erect setae on the first gastral tergite; from ''[[Cataglyphis cretica]]'' in the smaller body size, less opalescent body sculpture, and in the presence of long and erect setae on the occipital part of the head and all mesosomal tergites (also in minor workers); from ''[[Cataglyphis hellenica]]'', ''[[Cataglyphis italica]]'', and ''Cataglyphis'' cf. ''aenescens'' from Türkiye in usually deep black and always monochromous body coloration; longer antennal scapes (SI approximately 1.3 in ''C. chionistrae'' vs < 1.22 in ''C. hellenica'', ''C. italica'', and ''C''. cf. ''aenescens''), and more shiny body surface.<br />
<br />
This species is a member of the ''Cataglyphis cursor'' species complex within the ''cursor'' species group characterized by a petiole in the shape of a thick squama and monomorphic or with monophasic size variation of worker caste (Agosti 1990). Recent genetic studies showed that ''C. aenescens'' sensu lato is a group of cryptic or subcryptic taxa with rather small distribution areas and complicated genetic structure displaying clonal social hybridogenesis (Kuhn et al. 2020). In the eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin, the following species have been hitherto recorded:<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis aenescens]]'' - Türkiye<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis cretica]]'' - Crete<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis hellenica]]'' - Greece<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis italica]]'' - Italy<br />
*''[[Cataglyphis minos]]'' - Crete<br />
<br />
The status of the Turkish populations recorded under ''C. aenescens'' is rather unclear. This taxon appears to be common in Central Anatolia (Kiran & Karaman 2021). However, as the true ''C. aenescens'' was described from “Russia meridionalis” without the exact type locality and based on material collected by V. Motschulsky, it is possible that Turkish populations are not conspecific with populations from eastern Ukraine and the area north of the Caucasus. Kuhn et al. (2020) reported ''C. aenescens'' from Iran based on material collected close to the Caspian Sea and revealed that these populations genetically differ from populations distributed eastward. Thus, it is also possible that populations from the south Caspian area are not conspecific with true ''C. aenescens''. So far, no species of the ''cursor'' complex has been noted from Israel (Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch 2009) nor Lebanon (Guenard et al. 2017), but ''C. aenescens'' was recorded from Syria by Wheeler & Mann (1916). However, it is unknown which morphogenotype the Syrian populations represent.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=34.9<br />
|south_latitude_limit=34.9<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Salata et al., 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Cyprus]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|chionistrae}}. Cataglyphis chionistrae'' Salata, Demetriou, Georgiadis & Borowiec, 2023: 304, figs. 1-10, 20 (w.q.) CYPRUS.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
'''Major''' (n=8) HL: 1.464 (1.35–1.51); HW: 1.193 (1.09–1.26); SL: 1.551 (1.42–1.64); EL: 0.430 (0.41–0.45); PW: 0.965 (0.94–1.00); PRL: 0.778 (0.70–0.82); PRW: 0.681 (0.64–0.71); PTH: 0.448 (0.40–0.49); PTW: 0.226 (0.21–0.24); WL: 2.085 (2.00–2.15); HFL: 2.069 (2.00–2.17); CI: 1.228 (1.183–1.265); SI: 1.301 (1.262–1.344); PI: 1.983 (1.708–2.143); FI: 0.992 (0.972–1.029).<br />
<br />
Color. Whole body black; in a few examined specimens the frontal part of the head and gena were slightly paler colored, brownish black but the rest of the body was always deep black; legs bicolored, coxa, trochanters, and femora black, only knee yellowish to yellowish brown, tibiae yellowish brown to brown, usually fore tibiae paler colored than mid and hind tibiae, tarsi yellow. Antennae yellow to yellowish brown. Head. Almost square, approximately 1.23 x as long as wide, sides below eyes slightly converging anterad, above eyes gently convex, posterior margin slightly convex. Anterior clypeal margin convex, without shallow median emargination, with a row of very short setae and of 6–8 long yellowish-brown setae, the longest 0.6 x as long as than clypeal length. Clypeal plate with very sparse yellow appressed pubescence, anteriorly with additional few decumbent short setae, basally with a pair of long erect setae as long as 1/3–1/2 length of clypeus. Clypeus densely and finely microreticulated, slightly dull, at least basal half of clypeus with additional thin longitudinal striation. Eyes large and oval, approximately 1.4–1.5 x as long as wide, and 0.8 x as long as gena. Frontal carinae short, slightly extending beyond frontal lobes. Frons narrow, in the narrowest point 0.26–0.27 x as wide as head width. Antennal fossa shallow, opalescent, covered with very short and sparse pubescence, densely<br />
microreticulated, sculpture tends to form semicircular striae. Head densely microreticulated, dull, with additional longitudinal striation, gena with very short and sparse, yellow, appressed pubescence. Anterior and lateral parts of head up to ocellar area without erect setae, except for one to two pairs of moderately long setae on frons; ocellar area usually with a pair of long, yellow erect setae with length up to 0.174 (setae in mature specimens often broken). Lateral parts of occipitum with 2–3 erect setae, the longest ~ 0.206. Antennal scape long, in frontal view almost straight, approximately 1.3 x as long as width of the head; base without tooth; apex only slightly and gradually widened; funiculus longer than scape, pedicel elongated, approximately 0.8 x as long as segments 2 and 3 combined and 1.5 x as long as segment 2. Scape microsculptured, slightly dull, covered with short and sparse hairs, mostly appressed, only at apices slightly decumbent, without erect setae. Mandibles rounded, basally smooth and shiny, apical ¾ length with deep grooves, shiny with few long and short yellow setae, cutting edge with 4 large teeth. Mesosoma. Long, approximately 2.2 x as long as wide, metanotal groove deep. Pronotum convex on sides. In lateral view pro- and mesonotum form regular convexity, propodeum positioned lower than promesonotum, distinctly convex in lateral view with top of convexity slightly behind the middle. Mesosoma densely microreticulated but shiny, on top of promesonotum with very sparse and short, hardly visible appressed pubescence, anterior surface of pronotum, mesonotum and propodeum with more visible yellowish white vestiture. Pronotum with one or two pairs of moderately long yellow setae, the longer pair with length 0.222, the shorter with length up to 0.110, mesonotum anteriorly with 2–4 short standing setae, the longest twice shorter than long setae on pronotum, and in posterior half with a pair of short setae, propodeum with 8–14 moderately long, yellow erect setae, the longest with length 0.143. Petiole. Squamiform, thin, PI approximately 1.95, anterior face softly convex, posterior face almost flat, top of petiole rounded obtusely angulate, surface diffusely microreticulate, covered with short, sparse, white appressed pubescence, apex without or with 2–4 erect setae. Gaster. With fine and partly diffused microreticulation tending to form transverse striation, surface strongly shiny. Whole surface of gaster with very short and very sparse appressed pubescence, distance between hair mostly longer than length of hair; tergites 1–2 without erect setae or sometimes second tergite with a pair of short, white erect setae, tergite 3 with transverse row of 4 short erect setae. Each of gastral sternites with 3–4 long, white to yellow erect setae. Legs. Moderately elongate, FI approximately 0.992. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of femora and tibiae covered with thin, sparse, mostly appressed or only slightly decumbent yellow setae, without decumbent spiniform setae. Ventral surfaces of femora and tibiae with sparse, moderately long, and yellow suberect to erect setae, ventral margin of hind tibiae with a row of 5–6 spines.<br />
<br />
'''Minor''' (n=6) HL: 1.137 (1.05–1.22); HW: 0.833 (0.75–0.90); SL: 1.258 (1.19–1.32); EL: 0.358 (0.34–0.38); PW: 0.753 (0.70–0.83); PRL: 0.638 (0.61–0.67); PRW: 0.550 (0.52–0.59); PTH: 0.312<br />
(0.29–0.34); PTW: 0.163 (0.15–0.18); WL: 1.710 (1.60–1.82); HFL: 1.648 (1.49–1.76); CI: 1.365 (1.341–1.400); SI: 1.512 (1.467–1.587); PI: 1.917 (1.611–2.125); FI: 0.964 (0.903–0.988).<br />
<br />
Color. Same as in major workers, often antennae darker, brown (Figs. 5, 6). Head. Slightly more elongated than in major workers, 1.34–1.40 x as long as wide, below eyes softly converging anterad, behind eyes regularly rounded, occipital margin of head slightly convex. Anterior clypeal margin convex with shallow median emargination. Eyes large but slightly shorter than in major workers, 1.3 x as long as wide and 0.8 x as long as gena. Sculpture and setation of head and legs similar to major worker. Mesosoma. Same as in major worker but setation usually shorter and less numerous than in majors. Petiole. Stouter than in major worker, mean PI 1.92, without erect setae. Gaster. As finely microreticulated as in majors. Tergites 1–2 without erect setae, tergite 3 usually without erect<br />
setae but occasionally with two short setae. Each of gastral sternites with 2–4 long, white to yellow erect setae. Legs slightly shorter than in major workers with mean FI 0.963.<br />
<br />
====Queen====<br />
(n=2) HL: 1.54 (1.51–1.57); HW: 1.42 (1.37–1.47); SL: 1.345 (1.27–1.42); EL: 0.455 (0.45–0.46; PW: 1.205 (1.19–1.22); PRL: 0.93 (0.92–0.94); PRW: 1.005 (1.00–1.01); PTH: 0.515 (0.49–0.54); PTW: 0.23 (0.22–0.24); WL: 2.485 (2.37–2.60); HFL: 1.765 (1.70–1.83); CI: 1.085 (1.068–1.102); SI: 0.947<br />
(0.927–0.966); PI: 2.239 (2.227–2.250); FI: 0.711 (0.704–0.717).<br />
<br />
Color. Head reddish to reddish brown centrally, brown laterally and posteriorly; mesosoma mostly brown, scutellum and upper parts of episterna paler, reddish brown; petiole brown, gaster dorsally black, laterally brown; coxa, trochanters and femora mostly brown except reddish brown margins and reddish knee, tibiae yellowish or reddish brown, tarsi and antennae yellow (Figs. 8–10). Head. Almost square, approximately 1.1 x as long as wide, sides below eyes almost parallel, above eyes gently convex, posterior margin slightly convex. Anterior clypeal margin slightly convex, with shallow median<br />
emargination, with a row of short setae and 6 long setae, the longest with length 0.269 and 0.68 x as long as length<br />
of clypeus. Clypeus with very sparse yellow appressed pubescence, anteriorly and basally with few decumbent short<br />
setae, anterolaterally with a pair of long erect setae surface densely and finely microreticulated, slightly dull, basally<br />
often with additional longitudinal striation. Eyes large and oval, approximately 1.5 x as long as wide and 0.8 x as<br />
long as gena. Frontal carinae short, not extending beyond frontal lobes. Frons narrow, in the narrowest point 0.22 x<br />
as wide as head width. Antennal fossa shallow, opalescent, densely microreticulated and covered with very short and<br />
sparse pubescence. Head regularly and densely microreticulated, in frontal area with additional longitudinal striation,<br />
behind eyes with additional semicircular striation; surface of gena and sides of head covered with extremely short<br />
and sparse, yellow, appressed pubescence. Frons with two pairs of long erect setae, between frons one pair of similar<br />
setae, ocellar area with 3–4 long erect setae, the longest with length 0.238, occipital sides with 2–3 long setae, the<br />
longest as long as the longest seta in ocellar area. Ventral side of head on each side with 4–5 long yellow setae.<br />
Antennal scape long, approximately 0.9 x as long as width of the head; base without tooth; apex only slightly and<br />
gradually widened; funiculus longer than scape, pedicel elongated, approximately 0.7 x as long as segments<br />
2 and 3 combined and twice as long as segment 2. Surface of scape diffusely microsculptured, shiny, covered<br />
with short, sparse, mostly appressed yellow hairs. Mandibles rounded, basally smooth and shiny, apical ¾ length<br />
with deep grooves, surface shiny, with 3–4 moderately long, yellow setae. Mesosoma. Long, approximately 2.06<br />
x as long as wide. Pronotum elongate, along midline as long as 0.7 length of scutum. Surface of pronotum<br />
anteriorly with diffused microreticulation, shiny, on sides distinctly microreticulated, slightly dull, with additional<br />
semicircular striation; anterior slope appears bare; sides with short, sparse, yellow appressed pubescence, at base a<br />
row of 4 yellow setae with length up to 0.286. In lateral view scutum gibbous anteriorly, top flattened posteriorly<br />
(Fig. 10). Surface of scutum densely microreticulated, but shiny, anteriorly, on sides and at base with long setae up<br />
to 0.275 mm length. Scutellum moderately convex, surface densely microreticulated, shiny, microreticulation with<br />
additional longitudinal striation, antero- and posterolateral corners with long erect setae. Anepisternum densely<br />
microreticulated, dull, with only few short, appressed hair; katepisternum densely microreticulated, dull, covered<br />
with moderately dense, appressed, yellow hair. Propodeum slightly shorter than scutum, softly, regularly convex,<br />
densely microreticulated, surface anteriorly and on sides dull, posteriorly shiny, covered with moderately dense,<br />
yellow vestiture, denser on top, sparser on sides close to spiracle, very dense in area close to metapleural gland,<br />
top of propodeum with more than 20 yellow erect setae, the longest with length 0.192. Petiole. Squamiform, like<br />
in workers, anterior face slightly convex, posterior face almost flat, PI 2.23–2.25. Surface of petiole<br />
distinctly microreticulated and shiny, covered with moderately dense, yellow pubescence, top of node without a pair<br />
of elongate erect setae. Gaster. Distinctly microreticulated and shiny, with additional transverse striation. Whole<br />
surface of gaster with short and sparse appressed pubescence; distance between hair longer than length of hair.<br />
Tergite 1–3 with a pair of long, yellow erect setae. Each of gastral sternites with 2–4 long, yellow, and erect setae.<br />
Legs. Moderately elongated but shorter than in workers, hind femora distinctly shorter than mesosoma (FI 0.711).<br />
Dorsal and lateral surfaces of femora and tibiae covered with fine, sparse, moderately long, appressed to decumbent<br />
setae, external surface of mid and hind tibiae with a row of very long erect setae up to 0.300 mm length. Ventral<br />
surfaces of hind tibiae with 1–2 yellow subapical spines.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype: major worker (pin): CYPRUS, Limassol, Mt | Olympos/Chionistra loc. 1, 1862 m | 34.92943 / 32.87001 | 25 IV 2022, L. Borowiec || ''Pinus nigra'' forest | nest under stone (MNHW).<br />
*Paratypes: 24 workers, 1 queen: the same data as holotype (MNHW, JDPC, ZMUA); 1 queen, 6 workers: CYPRUS, Limassol, Mt | Olympos/Chionistra loc. 3, 1928 m | 34.93563 / 32.8624 | 26 IV 2022, L. Borowiec || ''Pinus nigra'' forest | nest under stone (MNHW).<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Cyprus<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
===Etymology===<br />
Named after its ''locus typicus'', Chionistra (= Mt. Olympos, 1,952 m), the highest point in Cyprus.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1).pdf|Salata, S., Demetriou, J., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L. 2023. The ant genus ''Cataglyphis'' Förster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cyprus. Zootaxa, 5264(3), 301–322]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Formicinae]][[category:Formicini]][[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis chionistrae]]<br />
[[category:Formicinae species]][[category:Formicini species]][[category:Cataglyphis species|chionistrae]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Cataglyphis_chionistrae_Holotype_major_F7.jpg&diff=709086File:Cataglyphis chionistrae Holotype major F7.jpg2024-03-25T16:35:58Z<p>Lubertazzi: Figure 7. Holotype Major, scale bar = 1 mm.
Salata, S., Demetriou, J., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L. 2023. The ant genus ''Cataglyphis'' Förster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cyprus. Zootaxa, 5264(3), 301–322 ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.1}}).
category:Cataglyphiscategory:Cataglyphis chionistrae</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Figure 7. Holotype Major, scale bar = 1 mm.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1).pdf|Salata, S., Demetriou, J., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L. 2023. The ant genus ''Cataglyphis'' Förster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cyprus. Zootaxa, 5264(3), 301–322]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis chionistrae]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Cataglyphis_aphrodite_Holotype_major_F13.jpg&diff=709085File:Cataglyphis aphrodite Holotype major F13.jpg2024-03-25T16:35:06Z<p>Lubertazzi: Figure 13. Holotype Major, scale bar = 1 mm.
Salata, S., Demetriou, J., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L. 2023. The ant genus ''Cataglyphis'' Förster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cyprus. Zootaxa, 5264(3), 301–322 ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.1}}).
category:Cataglyphiscategory:Cataglyphis aphrodite</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
Figure 13. Holotype Major, scale bar = 1 mm.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Salata, S., Demetriou, J. et al. 2023. The ant genus Cataglyphis in Cyprus (10.11646@zootaxa.5264.3.1).pdf|Salata, S., Demetriou, J., Georgiadis, C., Borowiec, L. 2023. The ant genus ''Cataglyphis'' Förster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cyprus. Zootaxa, 5264(3), 301–322]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Cataglyphis]][[category:Cataglyphis aphrodite]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_verdensis&diff=708820Cardiocondyla verdensis2024-03-22T21:09:26Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla verdensis''<br />
|image = Cardiocondyla verdensis F82.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''batesii''<br />
|species = '''''C. verdensis'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla verdensis''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
The only known collection of this species is from Cape Verde, in a garden with trees within a semidesert landscape.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 82-85.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 82–85. ''Cardiocondyla verdensis'', holotype; Fig. 82: head in dorsal view; Fig. 83: lateral view; Fig. 84: dorsal view; Fig. 85: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Cape verde: Sao Nicolao, 2003.07.21<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_batesii_group|''Cardiocondyla batesii'' group]]. Worker (Tab. 3, Figs. 82–85). Rather small, CS 503 µm. Head longer than in any species of the ''C. batesii'' group, CL/CW 1.247. Postocular index rather small, PoOc/CL 0.371. Median third of hind margin of head feebly concave. Scape longer than in any species of the ''C. batesii'' group, SL/CS 0.860. Eye large, EYE/CS 0.266. Frons moderately wide (FRS/CS 0.254), frontal carinae very weakly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.042). Dorsal profile of promesonotum convex, metanotal depression deep (Mgr/CS 4.50 %), dorsal profile of propodeum convex. Propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.096) but very acute and moderately steep, their angle in lateral view differing by 45° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma; their bases approached (SPBA/CS 0.230). Petiole distinctly higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.271, PeH/CS 0.312); in profile with a short but rather thin peduncle, a straight to weakly convex anterior face and a strongly convex dorsal profile. Postpetiole moderately wide and rather low (PpW/CS 0.519, PpW /PeW 1.92, PpH/CS 0.264), in dorsal view with a slightly concave anterior margin; postpetiolar sternite completely flat. Clypeus on whole surface smooth and shiny but its lateral areas finely longitudinally carinulate. Frontal lobes and area posterior of the frontal lobes smooth but areas adjacent to frontal carinae longitudinally carinulate. vertex with the smallest foveolae seen in the ''C. batesii'' group (dFOv 8.0 µm), the interspaces between the foveolae completely smooth, in places with very delicate stickman-like microstructures (Fig. 85). Dorsal mesosoma smooth and shiny, with very small foveolae and delicate stickman-like microstructures. Meso- and metapleurae shiny but notably microreticulate, surface of the bulla glandulae metapleuralis longitudinally carinulate. Petiole and postpetiole very smooth and shiny but very delicately microreticulate. Pubescence on gaster tergites short and more dilute than in other species of the ''C. batesii'' group, PLg/CS 5.24 %, sqPDg 5.90. Head, mesosoma and gaster concolorous dark brown.<br />
<br />
Despite the isolated position of the Cape verde Archipelago 600 kilometers off the African continent, these islands are apparently not poor in species. Within only nine samples available from Cape verde, the author could detect four species: ''[[Cardiocondyla emeryi]]'', ''[[Cardiocondyla fajumensis]]'', ''[[Cardiocondyla nigra]]'' and ''C. verdense''. Most likely all these species (or their ancestors) were introduced from Africa. Passive anthropogenous introduction, beginning with the Portuguese colonization in the 15th century, should have played a major role. ''Cardiocondyla verdensis'' is interpreted here as an endemic island species having developed extreme shape characters as a consequence of genetic bottle necking after introduction. According to data in Tab. 3, ''C. verdense'' is a combination of extreme values of CL/CW, SL/CS, dFOv and of large sqPDg. The type sample is placed widely separate from the ''C. nigra'' cluster in a PCA considering the 14 characters CS, CL/CW, SL/CS, PoOc/CS, EYE/CS, dFOv, SP/CS, PeW/CS, PpW/CS, PeH/CS, PpH/CS, sqPDg, PLg/CS and Mgr/CS (Fig. 142). Apart from its extreme morphometrics it is in overall impression similar to the dark and shiny morph of ''C. nigra'' of which the next place of occurrence is the island Sao Vicente, 50 km overseas from Sao Nicolao.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Only known from the type locality.<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=16.6<br />
|south_latitude_limit=16.6<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Siefert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Afrotropical Region|Afrotropical Region]]''': [[Cape Verde]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|verdensis}}. Cardiocondyla verdensis'' Seifert, 2023: 47, figs. 82-85 (w.) CAPE VERDE (São Nicolau I.).<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
Species originally described in diagnosis; that text is found above in the identification section. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype plus 1 paratype on the same pin labeled “ C.VERDE: 16.588°N, 24.328°W, Sao Nicolao, 385 m, 1 km SW Cabecalinho, trees, Cv-192, J.Wetterer 2003.07.21”; depository: collection of X. Espadaler.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Cape Verde<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
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<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sharaf, M.R., Al Dhafer, H.M. et al. 2024. Cardiocondyla hashemi, a new species of the C. batesii species-group (10.1080@09397140.2024.2321640).pdf|Sharaf, M.R., Al Dhafer, H.M., Abdel-Dayem, M.S., Aldawood, A.S. 2024. ''Cardiocondyla hashemi'' sp. n., a new species of the ''C. batesii'' species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with a key to the Saudi species. Zoology in the Middle East]]]] ({{doi|10.1080/09397140.2024.2321640}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla verdensis]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|verdensis]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_rolandi&diff=708819Cardiocondyla rolandi2024-03-22T21:07:22Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla rolandi''<br />
|image = Cardiocondyla rolandi F94.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''stambuloffii''<br />
|species = '''''C. rolandi'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla rolandi''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
Habitats are moister spots in semideserts or dry steppe, oases in deserts, and open riverbanks. Males are ergatoid and have shear-shaped mandibles with a strongly developed apical dent. Excavation of complete nest populations was not intended by the collector. Hence, the largest sample containing 180 workers should certainly not represent the upper limit of population size. Four nest samples contained 1, 2, 4 and 4 adult males which did not show signs of any injury. Thus it seems, as in ''[[Cardiocondyla stambuloffii]]'' and ''[[Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi]]'', that at least the adult males do not perform injury or lethal fightings. Alate gynes were seen in the nests between 31 August and 10 September 2004.<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1 = Ergatoid male<br />
|Link1 = Caste Terminology<br />
}}<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 94-97.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 94–97. ''Cardiocondyla rolandi'', holotype; Fig. 94: head in dorsal view; Fig. 95: lateral view; Fig. 96: dorsal view; Fig. 97: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. China: Oasis Yengisar, 2004.09.03<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_stambuloffii_group|''Cardiocondyla stambuloffii'' group]]. Smaller than ''[[Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi]]'', CS 538 µm. Head short, CL/CW 1.149. Postocular index smaller than in ''C. koshewnikovi'', PoOc/CL 0.439. Hind margin of head convex, sometimes with a weak concavity in the median level. Scape longer than in ''C. koshewnikovi'', SL/CS 0.815. Eye small, EYE/CS 0.222. Frons very broad (FRS/CS 0.319), frontal carinae not or weakly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.036). Dorsal profile of promesonotum strongly convex, metanotal depression deep (Mgr/CS 4.06 %), dorsal profile of propodeum posterior of metanotal depression linear. Propodeal spines very short, in lateral view triangular and blunt (SP/CS 0.065), their supposed axis in lateral view differing by 55° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma; the distance of their bases is moderately large (SPBA/CS 0.253). Petiole less than half as wide as postpetiole and much higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.276, PeH/CS 0.372), in profile with a shorter peduncle than in ''C. koshewnikovi'' and the node with very steep and linear anterior and posterior slopes, the anterior one slightly less inclined—as result the node profile is not fully symmetric. Petiole node in dorsal view wider than long. Postpetiole wide, less than twice as wide as high (PpW/CS 0.565, PpW /PeW 2.05, PpH/CS 0.313), in dorsal aspect with a rather straight anterior margin, postpetiolar sternite rather flat, but with a weak anteromedian bulb. Microsculpture stronger than in ''C. koshewnikovi''. Whole clypeus, frontal laminae, and anterior vertex longitudinally carinulate-rugulose. Remaining vertex strongly longitudinally rugulose with the rugulae often fusing to form a reticulum. The interspaces between rugulae are shiny with small flat tubercles of 6–10 µm diameter which have the base of a pubescence hair in their center (Fig. 97). Dorsal mesosoma on most of its surface longitudinally carinulate-rugulose; sculpture usually stronger than in ''C. koshewnikovi''. Lateral promesonotum slightly and mesopleurae, lateral propodeum and metapleurae more strongly longitudinally carinulate-rugulose. Petiole and postpetiole smooth and shiny. Pubescence on gaster tergites longer than in ''C. koshewnikovi'' but similarly dense, PLg/CS 6.60 %, sqPDg 3.28. Concolorous light to medium brown with yellowish tinge.<br />
<br />
The strong separation of ''C. rolandi'' from ''[[Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi]]'' and ''[[Cardiocondyla stambuloffii]]'' has already been demonstrated in the section treating the latter species.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Southeast Kazakhstan (46.7°N, 80.6°E), southern Mongolia (43.2°N, 99.0°E), the north of the Chinese province Xinjiang (i.e., the ranges between Tarim River and East Tianshan and the Bogda Shan). The altitudinal distribution ranges between 358 and 1060 m. If gustav Mayr’s samples labelled “Tibet” should apply to the margin of the Tibetan Plain with the Tarim Basin, the geographical range should extend south to 38°N and the altitudinal range could surpass 2000 m.<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=46.7<br />
|south_latitude_limit=41.2<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Siefert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[China]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Kazakhstan]], [[Mongolia]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=3}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|rolandi}}. Cardiocondyla rolandi'' Seifert, 2023: 51, figs. 94-97 (w.q.m.) CHINA (Xinjiang).<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
Species originally described in diagnosis; that text is found above in the identification section.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype plus 2 paratype worker labeled “CHI:41.9739°N, 84.4906°E, Tarim Basin, 1038 m, edge of oasis Yengisar, below poplar, Schultz 2004.09.03—091”; 3 paratype workers labelled “CHI:41.2374°N, 84.4421°E, Tarim Basin, 914 m, edge of occasionally flooded area, Schultz 2004.09.08—128”; 3 paratype workers, two paratype males and two paratype gynes labelled “CHI:41.8173°N, 86.1880°E, Tian Shan, 993 m, near brook, below stone, Schultz 2004.09.08—121”; all material, including a big number of unmounted paratypes, deposited in [[SMNG]].<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=China<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla rolandi]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|rolandi]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_dalmaticoides&diff=708818Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides2024-03-22T20:16:27Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides''<br />
|image = Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides F14.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''elegans''<br />
|species = '''''C. dalmaticoides'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
Nothing is known concerning the biology of this endemic Turkish species.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 14-17.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 14–17. ''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides'', holotype; Fig. 14: head in dorsal view; Fig. 15: lateral view, postpetiole and gaster in full lateral view shown upper left; Fig. 16: dorsal view, postpetiole and gaster in full dorsal view shown lower left; Fig. 17: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Turkey: Reyhauli-2 km N, 1993.06.09<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_elegans_group|''Cardiocondyla elegans'' group]]. <br />
Worker (Tab. 1, Figs. 14–17, key). Large, CS 614 µm. Head short, CL/CW 1.126. Postocular distance low, PoOc/CL 0.399. Scape long, SL/CS 0.855. Eye medium-sized, EYE/CS 0.242. Occipital margin straight or suggestively concave. Frons rather broad (FRS/CS 0.256), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.044). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a deep metanotal depression (Mgr/CS 4.43 %). Spines rather short but much more acute than in ''[[Cardiocondyla dalmatica]]'' and ''[[Cardiocondyla elegans]]'' (SP/CS 0.112), their axis in profile deviating by about 50° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases much more approached than in ''C. dalmatica'' (SPBA/CS 0.228). Petiole narrower than in ''C. dalmatica'' and elegans and much higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.296, PeH/CS 0.341); in profile with a long peduncle and a very steep anterior slope of the node (about 72° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole rather wide and moderately high (PpW/CS 0.563, PpH/CS 0.291), in dorsal view suggestively heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite convex. Head in overall impression mildly shiny. Whole vertex with shallow, feebly bicoronate foveolae of 18–19 µm diameter, foveolar distance on paramedian vertex smaller than foveolar diameter, near to eyes larger; the interspaces between foveolae shiny and in places with fragments of a very delicate microreticulum (Fig. 17). Mesosoma more shiny than in ''C. dalmatica'', with only suggestively developed microreticulum and microrugulae, a large number of foveolae present on dorsal promesonotum, their distance approximately equal to their diameter. Whole propodeum completely glabrous. Dorsum of waist glabrous. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on whole body long and dense, PLg/CS 6.97 %, sqPDg 3.95. Color of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster usually homogenously dark to medium brown; mandibles, scape, tibiae and tarsae yellowish brown.<br />
<br />
''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides'' can be safely separated from ''C. dalmatica'' and ''C. elegans'' alone by the more approached spine bases and narrower petiole (Fig. 134). The glabrous surface of propodeum, the very acute propodeal spines and the high petiole with a very steep anterior profile of the node offer accessory means for separation.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
So far only known from two sites in Asia Minor between 100 and 1000 m a.s.l.<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=36.9<br />
|south_latitude_limit=36.2<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Siefert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Türkiye]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|dalmaticoides}}. Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides'' Seifert, 2023: 30, figs. 14-17 (w.) TURKEY.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
Species originally described in diagnosis; that text is found above in the identification section. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype plus 2 paratype workers labelled “HATAY—2km N Reyhauli 50 km E Hatay 100 mH Straßenrand 1020 Leg. Schulz 09.06.93 TÜRKEI”; one paratype worker labelled “ANTALYA 2km S geris 40km NE Manavgat 1000 mH Straßenrand 1020 Leg. Schulz 06.06.93 TÜRKEI”; both samples deposited in [[SMNG]]; at least two paratype workers labelled “HATAY—2km N Reyhauli 50 km E Hatay 100 mH Straßenrand 1022 Leg. Schulz 09.06.93 TÜRKEI”, in private collection of Andreas Schulz / Leverkusen.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Türkiye<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|dalmaticoides]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Formica_rufibarbis&diff=708817Formica rufibarbis2024-03-22T20:12:54Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Type Material */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Formica rufibarbis''<br />
|image = Formica rufibarbis casent0173870 head 1.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Formicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Formicini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Formica]]''<br />
|species = '''''F. rufibarbis'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Formica rufibarbis''<br />
|binomial_authority = Fabricius, 1793<br />
----<br />
[[File:Formica rufibarbis casent0173870 profile 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Formica rufibarbis casent0173870 dorsal 1.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Formica rufibarbis casent0173870 label 1.jpg|Specimen labels]]|Specimen labels<br />
<br />
|subdivision_ranks = Subspecies<br />
|subdivision =<br />
*''[[Formica rufibarbis clarorufibarbis]]'' Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916<br />
*''[[Formica rufibarbis subpilosorufibarbis]]'' Ruzsky, 1905<br />
|synonyms =<br />
*''[[Formica defensor]]'' Smith, F., 1878<br />
*''[[Formica fraterna]]'' Smith, F., 1878<br />
*''[[Formica fusca cinereorufibarbis]]'' Forel, 1874<br />
*''[[Formica nicaeensis]]'' Leach, 1825<br />
*''[[Formica rufibarbis piligera]]'' Lomnicki, 1925<br />
}}<br />
This is a widely distributed species occurring throughout Europe, nesting in the ground with a single entrance hole or under stones. It is predatory and aggressive and readily attacks other species of ants and insects. New nests are started by single queens alone. Mature colonies are separate but may contain two or three queens with up to 500 or more workers. Alatae fly in late June and July (Collingwood 1979). Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) found this species in Iran on parkland ground in a moderate rainfall area.<br />
{{At a Glance<br />
|Item1=Limited invasive<br />
|Link1=Invasive Ants<br />
}}<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Formica rufibarbis worker at nest entrance, Jitte Groothuis.jpg<br />
|comment1=''Formica rufibarbis'' worker at nest entrance. Photo by Jitte Groothuis.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
|name2=Formica rufibarbis queen, Michal Kukla.jpg<br />
|size2=450px<br />
|comment2=''Formica rufibarbis'' queen. Photo by Michal Kukla.<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert and Schultz (2009) - A member of the [[Formica rufibarbis group|''Formica rufibarbis'' group]]. ''Formica rufibarbis'' is safely separable by discriminant analysis from any other species of the group throughout its whole geographic range. Sometimes, less hairy specimens of ''F. rufibarbis'' could be confused with more hairy ''[[Formica clara]]''.<br />
<br />
Collingwood (1979) - Head and alitrunk mainly red with variable amounts of dark on promesonotum and hind part of head. Gaster thickly pubescent, dull. Erect hairs numerous on pronotum and normally present on upper margin of scale, absent on gula and occiput. Length: 4.5-7.0 mm. <br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Seifert and Schultz (2009) - Inhabiting the temperate, Ponto-south-Siberian and Submediterranean zones of the West Palaearctic from the Pyrenees to West Siberia (76° E) and the Southwest Siberian Saur Mountains (85° E). In Fennoscandia going to 61° N, both in Sweden (Collingwood 1979) and Finland, in the Alps and the Caucasus climbing up to 2100 m. <br />
<br />
Collingwood (1979) - Portugal to Western Siberia, Mountains of Middle East to South Fennoscandia.<br />
<br />
This is moderately common in mainland Greece, recorded also from the Aegean Islands and Cyclades (Borowiec et al., 2022).<br />
<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=65.256706<br />
|south_latitude_limit=33.817<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Oriental Region|Oriental Region]]''': [[India]].<br />'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Albania]], [[Andorra]], [[Armenia]], [[Austria]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Balearic Islands]], [[Belarus]], [[Belgium]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Bulgaria]], [[China]], [[Croatia]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Denmark]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], [[France]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Georgia]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], [[Iberian Peninsula]], [[Iran]], [[Italy]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Montenegro]], [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Republic of Moldova]], [[Romania]], [[Russian Federation]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spain]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Türkiye]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Ukraine]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]].<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=45}}<br />
<!--{{Estimated Abundance|count=}}--><br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Seifert and Schultz (2009) - Habitat selection intermediate between the moderately thermophilic ''[[Formica cunicularia]]'' and the strongly thermophilic ''[[Formica clara]]''. Compared to the former more frequent on sandy and open ground with higher soil temperature, lower moisture and less developed herb layer and penetrating deeper into the urban zone. Presence, mean and maximum nest density on 81 potentially suitable, 150-m2-test-plots on open land in Germany was 44%, 1.0 and 6.0 nests / 100 m2 respectively. Diet, activity pattern and nest construction similar to ''F. cunicularia'' but often with larger nest populations, more aggressive, more readily attacking other ants and more effectively defending against social parasites than ''F. cunicularia''. Cooperative transport of large prey items may occur. Alates occur in Central Europe 14 July ± 15 d [16 June, 3 August], n = 13 (Seifert 2007).<br />
<br />
This species is known to suffer from [[Labial Gland Disease|labial gland disease]], a condition caused by an {{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = labial gland disease|Associate Type Link = Labial Gland Disease|Associate Taxon = unknown agent|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasite|Associate Relationship Link =|Locality =|Source = Elton, 1991|Notes = |Inline =yes}} (Elton, 1991).<br />
<br />
===Association with Other Organisms===<br />
{{ExploreCargoData|prompt=Associate|table=Associate}}<br />
====Other Insects====<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Dulosis|Associate Taxon = ''Formica sanguinea''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica sanguinea|Associate Relationship = slave maker|Locality =|Source =|Notes =}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Dulosis|Associate Taxon = ''Polyergus rufescens''|Associate Taxon Link = Polyergus rufescens|Associate Relationship = slave maker|Locality =|Source =Mori et al., 2000; Trager, 2013; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021|Notes =}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = ant|Associate Type Link = Temporary Parasitism|Associate Taxon = ''Formica truncorum''|Associate Taxon Link = Formica truncorum|Associate Relationship = temporary parasite|Locality =|Source =Chernenko et al., 2011; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018|Notes =|Inline =}}<br />
This species is associated with the [[Aphids|aphids]] {{Associate|Relationship = mutualist|Associate Type = aphid|Associate Type Link = Aphids|Associate Taxon = ''Aphis pomi''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = trophobiont|Associate Relationship Link = Trophobiosis|Locality = |Source = Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019|Notes = |Inline =yes}}, {{Associate|Relationship = mutualist|Associate Type = aphid|Associate Type Link = Aphids|Associate Taxon = ''Aphis spiraecola''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = trophobiont|Associate Relationship Link = Trophobiosis|Locality = |Source = Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019|Notes = |Inline =yes}}, {{Associate|Relationship = mutualist|Associate Type = aphid|Associate Type Link = Aphids|Associate Taxon = ''Cinara indica''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = trophobiont|Associate Relationship Link = Trophobiosis|Locality = |Source = Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019|Notes = |Inline =yes}}, {{Associate|Relationship = mutualist|Associate Type = aphid|Associate Type Link = Aphids|Associate Taxon = ''Cinara occidentalis''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = trophobiont|Associate Relationship Link = Trophobiosis|Locality = |Source = Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019|Notes = |Inline =yes}}, {{Associate|Relationship = mutualist|Associate Type = aphid|Associate Type Link = Aphids|Associate Taxon = ''Dysaphis devecta''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = trophobiont|Associate Relationship Link = Trophobiosis|Locality = |Source = Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019|Notes = |Inline =yes}}, {{Associate|Relationship = mutualist|Associate Type = aphid|Associate Type Link = Aphids|Associate Taxon = ''Myzus ornatus''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = trophobiont|Associate Relationship Link = Trophobiosis|Locality = |Source = Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019|Notes = |Inline =yes}}, {{Associate|Relationship = mutualist|Associate Type = aphid|Associate Type Link = Aphids|Associate Taxon = ''Myzus padellus''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = trophobiont|Associate Relationship Link = Trophobiosis|Locality = |Source = Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019|Notes = |Inline =yes}}, {{Associate|Relationship = mutualist|Associate Type = aphid|Associate Type Link = Aphids|Associate Taxon = ''Tuberolachnus salignus''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = trophobiont|Associate Relationship Link = Trophobiosis|Locality = |Source = Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019|Notes = |Inline =yes}} (Saddiqui et al., 2019 and included references).<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = braconid wasp|Associate Type Link = Hymenopteran Associates|Associate Taxon = ''Elasmosoma luxemburgense''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasitoid|Associate Relationship Link = Parasites and Parasitoids|Locality = |Source = Quevillon, 2018|Notes =encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = braconid wasp|Associate Type Link = Hymenopteran Associates|Associate Taxon = ''Elasmosoma luxemburgense''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasitoid|Associate Relationship Link = Parasites and Parasitoids|Locality = |Source = Quevillon, 2018|Notes =encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = ichneumonid wasp|Associate Type Link = Hymenopteran Associates|Associate Taxon = ''Hybrizon buccatus''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasitoid|Associate Relationship Link =Parasites and Parasitoids|Locality = |Source = Quevillon, 2018|Notes =encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = ichneumonid wasp|Associate Type Link = Hymenopteran Associates|Associate Taxon = ''Hybrizon buccatus''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasitoid|Associate Relationship Link =Parasites and Parasitoids|Locality = |Source = Quevillon, 2018|Notes =encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = phorid fly|Associate Type Link = Phorid Flies|Associate Taxon = ''Aenigmatias brevifrons''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasitoid|Associate Relationship Link = Parasites and Parasitoids|Locality = |Source = Quevillon, 2018|Notes =encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = phorid fly|Associate Type Link = Phorid Flies|Associate Taxon = ''Aenigmatias dorni''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasitoid|Associate Relationship Link = Parasites and Parasitoids|Locality = |Source = Quevillon, 2018|Notes =encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = phorid fly|Associate Type Link = Phorid Flies|Associate Taxon = ''Aenigmatias lubbocki''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasitoid|Associate Relationship Link = Parasites and Parasitoids|Locality = |Source = Quevillon, 2018|Notes =encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = prey|Associate Type = ''Microdon'' fly|Associate Type Link = Microdon|Associate Taxon = ''Microdon'' sp.|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = predator|Associate Relationship Link =|Locality = |Source = Quevillon, 2018|Notes = |Inline =}}<br />
*This ant has been associated with a [[Lepidoptera|butterfly]] species that has recently been split into two species: ''Polyommatus icarus'' and ''Polyommatus celin''. Presently it is unclear if this association is between ''F. rufibarus'' and one or the other of these butterflies, or both (Obregon et al. 2015).<br />
<br />
====Nematode====<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = nematode|Associate Type Link = Nematodes|Associate Taxon = Mermithidae (unspecified "''Mermix''")|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasite|Associate Relationship Link =|Locality = Germany|Source = Gosswald, 1930; Laciny, 2021|Notes = |Inline =}}<br />
<br />
====Trematoda====<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = trematode|Associate Type Link = Platyhelminthes|Associate Taxon = ''Dicrocoelium dendriticum''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasite|Associate Relationship Link =|Locality = |Source = de Bekker et al., 2018|Notes = |Inline =}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = trematode|Associate Type Link = Platyhelminthes|Associate Taxon = ''Dicrocoelium dendriticum''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasite|Associate Relationship Link =|Locality = Germany|Source = Hohorst & Graefe, 1961|Notes = |Inline =}}<br />
*{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = trematode|Associate Type Link = Platyhelminthes|Associate Taxon = ''Dicrocoelium lanceatum''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = parasite|Associate Relationship Link =|Locality = Armenia|Source = Arakelian et al., 1997|Notes = |Inline =}}<br />
<br />
====Fungi====<br />
{{Associate|Relationship = host|Associate Type = fungus|Associate Type Link = Entomopathogenic fungi|Associate Taxon = ''Aegeritella tuberculata''|Associate Taxon Link = |Associate Relationship = pathogen|Associate Relationship Link =|Locality = |Source = Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012|Notes = }}<br />
<br />
===[[Nuptial Flights and Mating|Flight Period]]===<br />
{{FlightMonth<br />
|month= Jun;Jul;Aug<br />
|source=antkeeping.info<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>rufibarbis.</span> Formica rufibarbis'' Fabricius, 1793: 355 (w.) FRANCE. Jurine, 1807: 273 (q.m.); Emery, 1909b: 197 (q.m.). Combination in ''F. (Serviformica''): Forel, 1915d: 64. Subspecies of ''fusca'': Forel, 1874: 54; Mayr, 1886d: 427; Forel, 1892i: 307; Ruzsky, 1904b: 4; Wheeler, W.M. 1908g: 406; Emery, 1909b: 197; Forel, 1915d: 64; Emery, 1916b: 255; Santschi, 1919e: 247. Status as species: André, 1882b: 182; Nasonov, 1889: 19; Dalla Torre, 1893: 209; Emery, 1898c: 126; Ruzsky, 1902d: 11; Bingham, 1903: 335; Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 514; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 320; Wheeler, W.M. 1917a: 550; Bondroit, 1918: 51; Emery, 1925b: 249; Karavaiev, 1927c: 286; Stitz, 1930: 238; Karavaiev, 1936: 234; Stitz, 1939: 355; Novak & Sadil, 1941: 107; Yarrow, 1954a: 231; Dlussky, 1967a: 73; Bernard, 1967: 297; Francoeur, 1973: 228; Collingwood, 1979: 128. Senior synonym of ''cinereorufibarbis'': Bernard, 1967: 297; Collingwood, 1978: 73; Seifert & Schultz, 2009: 260; of ''defensor, fraterna'': Forel, 1894c: 403; Bingham, 1903: 335; of ''nicaeensis'': Roger, 1863b: 13; of ''piligera'': Lomnicki, 1928: 9; Dlussky & Pisarski, 1971: 163; of ''stenoptera'': Dalla Torre, 1893: 210; Yarrow, 1954a: 231; Dlussky, 1967a: 73. See also: Seifert & Schultz, 2009: 260. Current subspecies: nominal plus ''clarorufibarbis, subpilosorufibarbis''.<br />
*''nicaeensis. Formica nicaeensis'' Leach, 1825: 291 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Junior synonym of ''rufibarbis'': Roger, 1863b: 13.<br />
*''cinereorufibarbis. Formica fusca'' var. ''cinereorufibarbis'' Forel, 1874: 55 (w.q.m.) SWITZERLAND. Combination in ''F. (Serviformica''): Forel, 1915d: 64. Subspecies of ''rufibarbis'': Dalla Torre, 1893: 210; of ''cinerea'': Forel, 1915d: 64; Emery, 1916b: 255; Emery, 1925b: 246. Junior synonym of ''rufibarbis'': Bernard, 1967: 297; of ''fuscocinerea'': Dlussky & Pisarski, 1971: 161. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Kutter, 1977c: 253. Junior synonym of ''rufibarbis'': Collingwood, 1978: 73; Seifert & Schultz, 2009: 260.<br />
*''defensor. Formica defensor'' Smith, F. 1878b: 11 (w.) CHINA. Junior synonym of ''rufibarbis'': Forel, 1894c: 403.<br />
*''fraterna. Formica fraterna'' Smith, F. 1878b: 11 (w.) CHINA. Junior synonym of ''rufibarbis'': Forel, 1894c: 403; Bingham, 1903: 335.<br />
*''piligera. Formica rufibarbis'' var. ''piligera'' Lomnicki, 1925a: 175 (w.q.) POLAND. Junior synonym of ''rufibarbis'': Lomnicki, 1928: 9; Dlussky & Pisarski, 1971: 163.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
Seifert and Schultz (2009) - Neotype worker labelled “FRA: 44.073°N, 7.295°E, St. Martin Vesubie, Cime de la Palu, 2058 m R. Schultz 2002.05.14 -108” and “Neotype ''Formica rufibarbis'' Fabricius 1793, des. Seifert & Schultz 2009”; [[SMNG]]. In case of destruction or loss of the neotype specimen, a replacement neotype can be designated from a series of 6 mounted workers and 14 workers in ethanol from the same nest sample, having identical sample number, kept in SMN Görlitz and coll. RS. <br />
<br />
Justification of the neotype fixation: ''Formica rufibarbis'' has been described from France ("Habitat in Gallia"). There is no specimen from Fabricius available that could be interpreted as a primary type. During a thorough search in the Fabricius collection in ZMU Copenhagen in 2006, a ''Formica'' worker labelled “rufibarbis” was found. It is without head, has a damaged mesosoma, carries no locality label but the registration label "Formica rufibarbis 402.26 Kiel" (a permanent loan from the museum in Kiel). This specimen definitely belongs to ''Formica truncorum'' Fabricius, 1804. It cannot be considered as type of ''F. rufibarbis'' because its characters clearly disagree with the original description: It has reddish legs including tarsi instead of “pedes nigri” and a reddish brown gaster instead of “Abdomen atrum”. The missing parts of this ''F. truncorum'' specimen would also not have a “Caput nigrum ore late rufo”.<br />
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===Type Material===<br />
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|country=France<br />
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<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Seifert and Schultz (2009) - Large ''Serviformica'' species (mean CS 1.455 mm), head more elongated (CL / CW1.4 1.141), Scape moderately long SL / CS1.4 1.068; distance of lateral ocelli moderate (OceD / CS1.4 0.169), petiole rather wide (PEW / CS1.4 0.471). Clypeus with sharp median keel and fine longitudinal microcarinulae. Frontal triangle finely transversely rippled and with 35 - 55 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with microsetae of 11 - 15 μm maximum length. Total mean of unilateral setae numbers on different body parts predicted for a specimen with CS = 1.4 mm: pronotum 11.1, mesonotum 6.5, propodeum plus dorsolateral metapleuron 0.8, petiole scale dorsal of spiracle 3.2, flexor profile of hind tibia 2.8. Posterior margin of head normally without setae. Ventral coxae and gaster tergites with long setae. Dorsal mesonotum in lateral aspect broadly rounded. Metanotal groove relatively deep. Propodeal dome in profile rounded, its basal profile sometimes flat or slightly concave. Dorsal crest of petiole in frontal view convex, sometimes (especially in larger specimens) with straight or weekly excavate median portion, in smaller ants sometimes bluntly angled. Petiole scale in lateral aspect rather thin, with convex anterior and more straight posterior profile. Gaster with transverse microripples of small average distance (RipD 4.4 μm) and covered by dense silvery pubescence (sqPDG 3.2). Pubescence on head, mesosoma and petiole dense. Posterior vertex, sometimes dorsal promesonotum, coxae and all appendages normally brown or dark brown, gaster always dark brown. Other body parts reddish.<br />
<br />
====[[Karyotypes|Karyotype]]====<br />
*{{Karyotype|haploid=27|diploid=54|karyotype=|locality=Finland; Switzerland|notes=|source=Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976; Rosengren et al., 1980}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Adams, R.M.M., Wells, R.L. et al. 2020. Interspecific eavesdropping (10.3389@fevo.2020.00024).pdf|Adams, R.M.M., Wells, R.L., Yanoviak, S.P., Frost, C.J., Fox, E.G.P. 2020. Interspecific Eavesdropping on Ant Chemical Communication. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8.]] ({{doi|10.3389/fevo.2020.00024}}).<br />
*André, E. 1882c. Les fourmis. [part]. Pp. 153-232 in: André, Edm. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp. (page 182, status as species)<br />
*[[Media:Antonov, I. A., Bukin, Yu. S. 2016. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the ant genus Formica from Palearctic region (10.1134@S1022795416080020).pdf|Antonov, I.A., Bukin, Yu.S. 2016. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the ant genus ''Formica'' L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Palearctic region. Russian Journal of Genetics 52(8), 810–820]] ({{doi|10.1134/s1022795416080020}}).<br />
*[[Media:Arakelian G. R., Movsessian, S.O. et al. 1997. Ecological and faunistic review of ants.pdf|Arakelian G. R., Movsessian, S.O., Chubarian, F.A. 1997. Ecological and faunistic review of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - Supplementary hosts of the trematode ''Dicrocoelium lanceatum'' in Armenia (in Russian). Parasitologia 31(3): 239-244.]]<br />
*[[Media:Berkelhamer, R.C. 1980. Reproductive strategies in ants (Ph.D. thesis).pdf|Berkelhamer, R.C. 1980. Reproductive strategies in ants: A comparison of single-queened versus multiple-queened species in the subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.<br />
]]<br />
*[[Media:Bernadou, A., Fourcassie, V. et al. 2013. A preliminary checklist of the ants of Andorra (10.3897@zookeys.277.4684).pdf|Bernadou, A., Fourcassié, V., Espadaler, X. 2013. A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Andorra. ZooKeys 277, 13–23]] ({{doi|10.3897/zookeys.277.4684}}).<br />
*Bernard, F. 1967a [1968]. Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. 3. Les fourmis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Paris: Masson, 411 pp. (page 297, status as species, senior synonym of cinereorufibarbis)<br />
*Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. (page 335, status as species, senior synonym of defensor and fraterna)<br />
*Bondroit, J. 1918. Les fourmis de France et de Belgique. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 87: 1-174 (page 51, status as species)<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec 2014 Catalogue of ants of Europe.pdf|Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.]]<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec, L., Lebas, C. et al. 2022. Notes on ants from three northern Aegean islands (10.5281@zenodo.7346453).pdf|Borowiec, L., Lebas, C., Salata, S. 2022. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from three northern Aegean islands – Lemnos, Samothraki and Thasos. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 31: 1-14]] ({{doi|10.5281/ZENODO.7346453}}).<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2022. A monographic review of ants of Greece. Vol. 1. Part 1.pdf|Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2022. A monographic review of ants of Greece (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Vol. 1. Introduction and review of all subfamilies except the subfamily Myrmicinae. Part 1: text. Natural History Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum 1: 1-297.]]<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec, M.L., Borowiec, L. 2013. New data on the occurrence of ants in Lower Silesia.pdf|Borowiec, M.L., Borowiec, L. 2013. New data on the occurrence of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Lower Silesia and other regions of Poland. Wiadomosci Entomologiczne 32: 49-57.]]<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec, M.L., Cover, S.P. et al. 2021. The evolution of social parasitism in Formica ants (10.1073@pnas.2026029118).pdf|Borowiec, M.L., Cover, S.P., Rabeling, C. 2021. The evolution of social parasitism in Formica ants revealed by a global phylogeny. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, e2026029118]] ({{doi|10.1073/pnas.2026029118}}).<br />
*[[Media:Bracko, G., Wagner, H.C. et al. 2014. New investigation and a revised checklist of the ants of the Republic of Macedonia.pdf|Bracko, G., Wagner, H.C., Schulz, A., Gioahin, E., Maticic, J., Trantnik, A. 2014. New investigation and a revised checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Republic of Macedonia. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10: 10-24.]]<br />
*[[Media:Brelsford, A., Purcell, J. et al. 2020. An ancient and eroded social supergene (10.1016@j.cub.2019.11.032) - Suppl.pdf|Brelsford, A., Purcell, J., Avril, A., Tran Van, P., Zhang, J., Brütsch, T., Sundström, L., Helanterä, H., Chapuisat, M. 2020. An ancient and eroded social supergene is widespread across ''Formica'' ants. Current Biology 30, 304–311]] ({{doi|10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.032}}).<br />
*[[Media:Cantone, S. 2017. Winged ants. The Males.pdf|Cantone S. 2017. Winged Ants, The Male, Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the World, Behavioral ecology of mating flight (self-published).]]<br />
*[[Media:Catarineu, C., Barbera, G.G. et al. 2018. Zoogeography of the ants of the Segura River Basin (10.13102@sociobiology.v65i3.2822).pdf|Catarineu, C., Barberá, G.G., Reyes-López, J.L. 2018. Zoogeography of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Sociobiology 65, 383-396]] ({{doi|10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.2822}}).<br />
*Collingwood, C. A. 1978. A provisional list of Iberian Formicidae with a key to the worker caste (Hym. Aculeata). EOS. Rev. Esp. Entomol. 52: 65-95 (page 73, senior synonym of cinereorufibarbis)<br />
*Collingwood, C. A. 1979. The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomol. Scand. 8: 1-174 (page 128, status as species)<br />
*[[Media:Collingwood, C.A., Prince, A. 1998. A guide to ants of Continental Portugal.pdf|Collingwood, C.A., Prince, A. 1998. A guide to ants of Continental Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia. Supl nº5, pp 49.]]<br />
*[[Media:Csosz, S., Bathori, F. et al. 2021. The myrmecofauna of Hungary (10.3390@insects12010078).pdf|Csősz, S., Báthori, F., Gallé, L., Lőrinczi, G., Maák, I., Tartally, A., Kovács, É., Somogyi, A.Á., Markó, B. 2021. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: Survey of ant species with an annotated synonymic inventory. Insects 16;12(1):78]] ({{doi|10.3390/insects12010078}}).<br />
*[[Media:Csosz, S., Marko, B. et al. 2011. The myrmecofauna of Hungary.pdf|Csosz, S., Marko, B., Galle, L. 2011. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: an updated checklist. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7: 55-62.]]<br />
*[[Media:Czechowski, W., Radchenko, A. 2006. Formica lusatica, an ant species new to Finland.pdf|Czechowski, W., Radchenko, A. 2006. ''Formica lusatica'' SEIFERT, 1997 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an ant species new to Finland, with notes on its biology and the description of males. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8: 257-262.]]<br />
*[[Media:Czechowski, W., Radchenko, A. et al. 2002. The ants of Poland.pdf|Czechowski, W., Radchenko, A., Czechowska, W. 2002. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Poland. MIZ PAS Warsaw.]]<br />
*Dalla Torre, K. W. von. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. (page 209, status as species; page 210, senior synonym of stenoptera)<br />
*[[Media:De Bekker, C., Will, I. et al. 2018. The ants and their parasites (10.25849@myrmecol.news 028-001).pdf|de Bekker, C., Will, I., Das, B., Adams, R.M.M. 2018. The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their parasites: effects of parasitic manipulations and host responses on ant behavioral ecology. Myrmecological News 28: 1-24]] ({{doi|10.25849/myrmecol.news_028:001}}).<br />
*[[Media:de la Mora, A., Sankovitz, M. et al. 2020. Ants as host and intruder (10.25849@myrmecol.news_030-053).pdf|de la Mora, A., Sankovitz, M., Purcell, J. 2020. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as host and intruder: recent advances and future directions in the study of exploitative strategies. Myrmecological News 30: 53-71]] ({{doi|10.25849/MYRMECOL.NEWS_030:053}}).<br />
*[[Media:Dekoninck, W., Ignace, D. et al. 2012. Verspreidingsatlas van de mieren van België.pdf|Dekoninck, W., Ignace, D., Vankerkhoven, F., Wegnez, P. 2012. Verspreidingsatlas van de mieren van België. Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 148: 95-186.]]<br />
*[[Media:D'Ettorre, P., Heinze, J. 2001. Sociobiology of slave-making ants (10.1007@s102110100038).pdf|D'Ettorre, P., Heinze, J. 2001. Sociobiology of slave-making ants. Acta ethologica 3, 67–82]] ({{doi|10.1007/s102110100038}}).<br />
*Dlussky, G. M. 1967a. Ants of the genus Formica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, g. Formica). Moskva: Nauka Publishing House, 236 pp. (page 73, status as species, senior synonym of stenoptera)<br />
*Dlussky, G. M.; Pisarski, B. 1971. Rewizja polskich gatunków mrówek (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) z rodzaju Formica L. Fragmenta Faunistica 16: 145-224 (page 163, senior synonym of piligera)<br />
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<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Formicinae]][[category:Formicini]][[category:Formica]][[category:Formica rufibarbis]]<br />
[[category:Formicinae species]][[category:Formicini species]][[category:Formica species|rufibarbis]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Formica_corsica&diff=708816Formica corsica2024-03-22T20:11:07Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Type Material */</p>
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<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Formica corsica''<br />
|image = Formica_corsica__casent0913664_h_1_high.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Formicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Formicini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Formica]]''<br />
|species = '''''F. corsica'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Formica corsica''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2002<br />
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[[File:Formica_corsica__casent0913664_p_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
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[[File:Formica_corsica__casent0913664_d_1_high.jpg|{{width}}]]<br />
<br />
[[:File:Formica_corsica__casent0913664_l_1_high.jpg|Specimen Labels]]<br />
}}<br />
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A subalpine and mountain meadow inhabitant.<br />
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==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2002) - A member of the [[Formica cinerea group|''Formica cinerea'' group]]. ''F. corsica'' has the weakest gular and occipital pilosity and the smallest body size of any species in the group and deviates strikingly from ''[[Formica cinerea]]'' in most of the setae characters. A conspecifity or close relatedness with ''[[Formica lemani]]'', a species of the ''Formica fusca'' group with a habitat selection most similar to ''F. corsica'', can be fully excluded since ''F. lemani'' shows nest sample means of nOcc and nPE of only 0.0 - 1.0, a shorter and denser gastral pubescence with much thinner hairs, a significantly shorter scape, much smaller eyes, and a much wider petiole scale with a sharper dorsal crest. ''F. corsica'' differs from the next similar species ''[[Formica fuscocinerea]]'' by nest samples means of nGU ranging in the interval [1.0, 3.3] (in ''F. fuscocinerea'' [3.7, 12.3]) and by a densely microcarinulate lateral mesonotum with an mean crest distance of 6 mm. The mean strength of carinulae is about 4 mm while the mean width of the smooth interspaces is only 2 mm - i.e. the ratio of sculptured surface to shining surface is about 2:1. In ''F. fuscocinerea'' this ratio is 1:4 or smaller and the microsculpture shows the form of a reticulum with elongated meshes. The occipital and propodeal pilosity of ''F. corsica'' is significantly weaker than in ''F. fuscocinerea'' but there is some overlap of sample means. Based upon (nest) sample means, ''F. corsica'' can be separated from ''F. fuscocinerea'' by a discriminant analysis.<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
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==Distribution==<br />
Corsica<br />
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{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=42.45<br />
|south_latitude_limit=42.45<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps]<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[France]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=34}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
Seifert (2002) - The habitat selection of ''F. corsica'' deviates from that of related species. One should expect a member of the [[Formica cinerea group|''F. cinerea'' group]] to prefer xerothermous sand or gravel banks of rivers or lakes with sparsely developed field layer plants. However, according to Casevitz-Weulersse (pers. comm. 8 June 2001) and the labels of investigated samples, the main habitats of ''F. corsica'' are subalpine or mountain meadows between 1500 and 2400 m, including also moist grasslands at margins of glacier lakes. Casevitz-Weulersse emphasized that these ants have to live under conditions of hard and rather long winters, of extreme annual temperature amplitudes, rich precipitations of rain and snow, and violent winds. The activity period is restricted from June to September and the nests were found under stones or under bark. The unusual small size of the workers is possibly an expression of bad growth conditions or the increased need to use preformed microspaces for nesting. The specimens in the collection of F. Bernard, labelled ''Ajaccio'', ''Tarunato'', would indicate a site at altitudes below 1000 m. This site, however, should be confirmed by future investigations since the published and unpublished statements of Bernard are known to be full of mistakes.<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''<span style='color:red;font-weight:bold;'>corsica.</span> Formica corsica'' Seifert, 2002b: 264, fig. 3 (w.) FRANCE (Corsica).<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
====Worker====<br />
Smallest species within the ''F. cinerea'' group, CS 1200 ± 48. Head slightly more elongated than in ''F. fuscocinerea'', CL/CW(1400) 1.139. Scape of average length, SL/CS(1400) 1.048. Clypeus in the anterior half and lateral comers densely longitudinally carinulate and with a median keel. Frontal triangle finely transversely microcarinulate and with about 25 short pubescence hairs. Eyes with few scattered microsetae of 3 - 4 mm length and large, EYE/CS in the holotype 0.310. Dorsal plane of scape and genae without setae. Least developed pilosity within the ''F. cinerea'' group: in the sample mean, occipital margin in dorsal aspect with only 6.0- 15.0 setae and gula with only 1.3-3.3 setae; extensor profile of both hind femora without, their flexor profile with 8 - 13.3 setae; extensor profile of hind tibiae without or occasionally with one small seta. In holotype, craniad surface of both procoxae with 19, pronotum with 37, mesonotum with 10, propodeum with 4, and petiole scale in anterior view with 4 setae. Lateral mesonotum anterior of metathoracic spiracle densely microcarinulate, with a mean carinular crest distance of 6 mm; mean strength of carinulae about 4 mm while the mean width of smooth interspaces only 2 mm - i.e. the ratio of sculptured surface against shining surface is about 2 : 1 and similar to the situation in ''F. cinerea''. Dorsal and caudal profiles of propodeum forming a bluntly rounded angle of 150°. Petiole scale in frontal view rather narrow and with a rounded dorsal crest, in lateral aspect rather thick, wedge-shaped, and with convex anterior and posterior profiles. Head, mesosoma, petiole, and gaster blackish brown and covered by a dense silvery pubescence (PDF 10.0 and PDG 7.1 in the holotype).<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
1st series, labelled CORSICA: Asco, 2000 m leg. A. Delestrade 1991.06.19 No 1514: Holotype and 2 paratypes in [[SMNG]]., 3 paratypes MNHN Paris. 2nd series, labelled CORSICA: Niolo, 2000 m Mte Albanu leg. A. Delestrade 1992.09.13 No 1659: 4 paratypes [[MNHN]], 3 paratypes SMN Gorlitz. 3rd series, labelled CORSICA: Bavela, 1900 m leg. A. Delestrade 1991.09.21 No 1518: 6 paratypes MNHN Paris, 3 paratypes SMN Gorlitz. 4th series, labelled CORSE MONTEROTONDO 2400 m 7-VII-1974 J-P. HEBRARD REC.<<: 13 paratypes MNHN Paris, 3 paratypes SMN Gorlitz.<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=Corsica<br />
|country=France<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec 2014 Catalogue of ants of Europe.pdf|Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.]]<br />
*[[Media:Seifert 2002b.pdf|Seifert, B. 2002b. A taxonomic revision of the ''Formica cinerea'' group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abh. Ber. Naturkundemus. Görlitz 74(2):245-272.]] (page 264, fig. 3 worker described)<br />
==References based on [https://benoitguenard.wordpress.com/gabi-articles/ Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics]==<br />
*AntArea. Accessed on February 5th 2014 at http://antarea.fr/fourmi/<br />
*Antarea (Personal Communication - Rumsais Blatrix- 27 April 2018)<br />
*Antarea (at www.antarea.fr on June 11th 2017)<br />
*Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.<br />
*Casevitz-Weulersse J., and C. Galkowski. 2009. Liste actualisee des Fourmis de France (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 114: 475-510.<br />
*Seifert B. 2002. A taxonomic revision of the Formica cinerea group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 74(2): 245-272.<br />
*Seifert, B.. "A taxonomic revision of the Formica cinerea group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 74 (2) (2002): 245-272.<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Formicinae]][[category:Formicini]][[category:Formica]][[category:Formica corsica]]<br />
[[category:Formicinae species]][[category:Formicini species]][[category:Formica species|corsica]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_caspiense&diff=708815Cardiocondyla caspiense2024-03-22T20:07:27Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''<br />
|image = Cardiocondyla caspiense F30.jpg<br />
|image_width = {{width}}<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''ulianini''<br />
|species = '''''C. caspiense'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
This species is known from only one collection (consisting of 2 specimens) from an area with shrubs and grass near the Caspian Sea, in Iran.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 30-33.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 30–33. ''Cardiocondyla caspiense'', holotype; Fig. 30: head in dorsal view; Fig. 31: lateral view; Fig. 32: dorsal view; Fig. 33: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Iran: Miankaleh, 2004.07.23<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_ulianini_group|''Cardiocondyla ulianini'' group]]. Worker (Tab. 2, Figs. 30–33, key). Small, CS 485 µm. Head moderately elongated, CL/CW 1.144. Postocular distance much smaller than in ''[[Cardiocondyla littoralis]]'', PoOc/CL 0.418. Scape longer, SL/CS 0.818. Eye rather large, EYE/CS 0.253. Hind margin of vertex in dorsal view suggestively concave. Frons moderately broad (FRS/CS 0.248), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.041). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a well-developed metanotal depression (Mgr/CS 3.88 %). Propodeal spines more diverging and slightly longer than in ''C. littoralis'' (SP/CS 0.110), triangular but with sharp tips), their axis in profile deviating by about 45° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases much approached (SPBA/CS 0.220). Petiole extremely narrow and much higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.252, PeH/CS 0.312), its node in dorsal aspect as long as wide, tapering frontad; in lateral aspect its frontodorsal profile steeper than in ''C. littoralis'' (about 58° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole as wide but much lower than in ''C. littoralis'', about twice as wide as high (PpW/CS 0.502, PpH/CS 0.248), in dorsal view heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite with a shallow anteromedian bulge. Clypeus between the level of the paramedian 1st order setae, smooth, its anteromedian margin straight or weakly concave. Frontal laminae and a small area posterior of them finely and densely longitudinally rugulose. Anteromedian vertex glabrous and whole vertex without longitudinal microsculpture, in overall impression similar to situation in ''[[Cardiocondyla ulianini]]'', foveolar interspaces glabrous and on the average as wide as foveolar diameter (dFOv 16.2 µm), the interspaces with scattered very fine stickman-like fragments of a microreticulum, internal foveolar surface often with longitudinal carinulae (Fig. 33). Dorsal mesosoma in overall impression shiny; dorsal promesonotum shiny, slightly microrugulose and with few shallow foveolae; dorsal propodeum shiny but very finely microrugulose-reticulate. ventrolateral mesonotum, mesopleuron, and propodeum below spiracular level finely reticulate. Lateral metapleuron with 2–4 curved longitudinal carinae. Waist segments almost smooth and shining. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on whole body moderately long and dilute, PLg/CS 6.47 %, sqPDg 4.80. Color of head, mesosoma, femora, and gaster medium brown with yellowish-reddish color component.<br />
<br />
''Cardiocondyla caspiense'' is most similar to ''C. littoralis'' but the strong differences in petiole width and postpetiolar height appear to be outside the usual range of intraspecific variability. The separation from ''C. littoralis'' and ''C. ulianini'' is supported by a PCA considering the characters PoOc/CL, Pew/CS, PpH/CS and PLg/CS (Fig. 136).<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Fig. 136.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Fig. 136. Separation of individual workers of ''Cardiocondyla caspiense'' (black rhombs, n=2), ''C. ulianini'' (white dots, n=44) and ''C. littoralis'' (crosses, n=5) by a principal component analysis considering the morphometric characters PoOc/CL, PeW/CS, PpH/CS and PLg/CS.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Only known from the type locality (36.833 °N, 53.450 °E, minus 29 m).<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=36.8<br />
|south_latitude_limit=36.8<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Siefert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Iran]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|caspiense}}. Cardiocondyla caspiense'' Seifert, 2023: 34, figs. 30-33 (w.) IRAN.<br />
{{nomenplus}}<br />
<br />
===Description===<br />
Species originally described in diagnosis; that text is found above in the identification section. <br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype plus 1 paratype worker on the same pin labelled “IRAN: 36.833° N, 53.450° E, Miankaleh, shrubs and grass, Paknia 2004.07.23 -561” and “Holotype (upper) paratype of ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''”, depository, [[SMNG]].<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Iran<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla caspiense]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|caspiense]]<br />
[[Category:Ssr]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Cardiocondyla_verdensis_F82.jpg&diff=708814File:Cardiocondyla verdensis F82.jpg2024-03-22T19:44:50Z<p>Lubertazzi: ''Cardiocondyla verdensis'' Figure 82. Holotype.
Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64 ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).
category:Cardiocondylacategory:Cardiocondyla verdensis</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
''Cardiocondyla verdensis'' Figure 82. Holotype.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla verdensis]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Cardiocondyla_rolandi_F94.jpg&diff=708813File:Cardiocondyla rolandi F94.jpg2024-03-22T19:44:23Z<p>Lubertazzi: ''Cardiocondyla rolandi'' Figure 94. Holotype.
Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64 ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).
category:Cardiocondylacategory:Cardiocondyla rolandi</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
''Cardiocondyla rolandi'' Figure 94. Holotype.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla rolandi]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Cardiocondyla_dalmaticoides_F14.jpg&diff=708812File:Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides F14.jpg2024-03-22T19:43:54Z<p>Lubertazzi: ''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides'' Figure 14. Holotype
Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64 ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).
category:Cardiocondylacategory:Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides'' Figure 14. Holotype<br />
<br />
[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=File:Cardiocondyla_caspiense_F30.jpg&diff=708811File:Cardiocondyla caspiense F30.jpg2024-03-22T19:42:57Z<p>Lubertazzi: ''Cardiocondyla caspiense'' Figure 30. Holotype.
Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64 ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).
category:Cardiocondylacategory:Cardiocondyla caspiense</p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
''Cardiocondyla caspiense'' Figure 30. Holotype.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla caspiense]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_verdensis&diff=708810Cardiocondyla verdensis2024-03-22T19:07:00Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Identification */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla verdensis''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''batesii''<br />
|species = '''''C. verdensis'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla verdensis''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
The only known collection of this species is from Cape Verde, in a garden with trees within a semidesert landscape.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 82-85.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 82–85. ''Cardiocondyla verdensis'', holotype; Fig. 82: head in dorsal view; Fig. 83: lateral view; Fig. 84: dorsal view; Fig. 85: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Cape verde: Sao Nicolao, 2003.07.21<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_batesii_group|''Cardiocondyla batesii'' group]]. Worker (Tab. 3, Figs. 82–85). Rather small, CS 503 µm. Head longer than in any species of the ''C. batesii'' group, CL/CW 1.247. Postocular index rather small, PoOc/CL 0.371. Median third of hind margin of head feebly concave. Scape longer than in any species of the ''C. batesii'' group, SL/CS 0.860. Eye large, EYE/CS 0.266. Frons moderately wide (FRS/CS 0.254), frontal carinae very weakly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.042). Dorsal profile of promesonotum convex, metanotal depression deep (Mgr/CS 4.50 %), dorsal profile of propodeum convex. Propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.096) but very acute and moderately steep, their angle in lateral view differing by 45° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma; their bases approached (SPBA/CS 0.230). Petiole distinctly higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.271, PeH/CS 0.312); in profile with a short but rather thin peduncle, a straight to weakly convex anterior face and a strongly convex dorsal profile. Postpetiole moderately wide and rather low (PpW/CS 0.519, PpW /PeW 1.92, PpH/CS 0.264), in dorsal view with a slightly concave anterior margin; postpetiolar sternite completely flat. Clypeus on whole surface smooth and shiny but its lateral areas finely longitudinally carinulate. Frontal lobes and area posterior of the frontal lobes smooth but areas adjacent to frontal carinae longitudinally carinulate. vertex with the smallest foveolae seen in the ''C. batesii'' group (dFOv 8.0 µm), the interspaces between the foveolae completely smooth, in places with very delicate stickman-like microstructures (Fig. 85). Dorsal mesosoma smooth and shiny, with very small foveolae and delicate stickman-like microstructures. Meso- and metapleurae shiny but notably microreticulate, surface of the bulla glandulae metapleuralis longitudinally carinulate. Petiole and postpetiole very smooth and shiny but very delicately microreticulate. Pubescence on gaster tergites short and more dilute than in other species of the ''C. batesii'' group, PLg/CS 5.24 %, sqPDg 5.90. Head, mesosoma and gaster concolorous dark brown.<br />
<br />
Despite the isolated position of the Cape verde Archipelago 600 kilometers off the African continent, these islands are apparently not poor in species. Within only nine samples available from Cape verde, the author could detect four species: ''[[Cardiocondyla emeryi]]'', ''[[Cardiocondyla fajumensis]]'', ''[[Cardiocondyla nigra]]'' and ''C. verdense''. Most likely all these species (or their ancestors) were introduced from Africa. Passive anthropogenous introduction, beginning with the Portuguese colonization in the 15th century, should have played a major role. ''Cardiocondyla verdensis'' is interpreted here as an endemic island species having developed extreme shape characters as a consequence of genetic bottle necking after introduction. According to data in Tab. 3, ''C. verdense'' is a combination of extreme values of CL/CW, SL/CS, dFOv and of large sqPDg. The type sample is placed widely separate from the ''C. nigra'' cluster in a PCA considering the 14 characters CS, CL/CW, SL/CS, PoOc/CS, EYE/CS, dFOv, SP/CS, PeW/CS, PpW/CS, PeH/CS, PpH/CS, sqPDg, PLg/CS and Mgr/CS (Fig. 142). Apart from its extreme morphometrics it is in overall impression similar to the dark and shiny morph of ''C. nigra'' of which the next place of occurrence is the island Sao Vicente, 50 km overseas from Sao Nicolao.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Only known from the type locality.<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=16.6<br />
|south_latitude_limit=16.6<br />
|north_temperate=<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=yes<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Siefert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Afrotropical Region|Afrotropical Region]]''': [[Cape Verde]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|verdensis}}. Cardiocondyla verdensis'' Seifert, 2023: 47, figs. 82-85 (w.) CAPE VERDE (São Nicolau I.).<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype plus 1 paratype on the same pin labeled “ C.VERDE: 16.588°N, 24.328°W, Sao Nicolao, 385 m, 1 km SW Cabecalinho, trees, Cv-192, J.Wetterer 2003.07.21”; depository: collection of X. Espadaler.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Cape Verde<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Sharaf, M.R., Al Dhafer, H.M. et al. 2024. Cardiocondyla hashemi, a new species of the C. batesii species-group (10.1080@09397140.2024.2321640).pdf|Sharaf, M.R., Al Dhafer, H.M., Abdel-Dayem, M.S., Aldawood, A.S. 2024. ''Cardiocondyla hashemi'' sp. n., a new species of the ''C. batesii'' species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia, with a key to the Saudi species. Zoology in the Middle East]]]] ({{doi|10.1080/09397140.2024.2321640}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla verdensis]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|verdensis]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_caspiense&diff=708809Cardiocondyla caspiense2024-03-22T19:04:42Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Identification */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''ulianini''<br />
|species = '''''C. caspiense'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
This species is known from only one collection (consisting of 2 specimens) from an area with shrubs and grass near the Caspian Sea, in Iran.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 30-33.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 30–33. ''Cardiocondyla caspiense'', holotype; Fig. 30: head in dorsal view; Fig. 31: lateral view; Fig. 32: dorsal view; Fig. 33: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Iran: Miankaleh, 2004.07.23<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_ulianini_group|''Cardiocondyla ulianini'' group]]. Worker (Tab. 2, Figs. 30–33, key). Small, CS 485 µm. Head moderately elongated, CL/CW 1.144. Postocular distance much smaller than in ''[[Cardiocondyla littoralis]]'', PoOc/CL 0.418. Scape longer, SL/CS 0.818. Eye rather large, EYE/CS 0.253. Hind margin of vertex in dorsal view suggestively concave. Frons moderately broad (FRS/CS 0.248), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.041). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a well-developed metanotal depression (Mgr/CS 3.88 %). Propodeal spines more diverging and slightly longer than in ''C. littoralis'' (SP/CS 0.110), triangular but with sharp tips), their axis in profile deviating by about 45° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases much approached (SPBA/CS 0.220). Petiole extremely narrow and much higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.252, PeH/CS 0.312), its node in dorsal aspect as long as wide, tapering frontad; in lateral aspect its frontodorsal profile steeper than in ''C. littoralis'' (about 58° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole as wide but much lower than in ''C. littoralis'', about twice as wide as high (PpW/CS 0.502, PpH/CS 0.248), in dorsal view heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite with a shallow anteromedian bulge. Clypeus between the level of the paramedian 1st order setae, smooth, its anteromedian margin straight or weakly concave. Frontal laminae and a small area posterior of them finely and densely longitudinally rugulose. Anteromedian vertex glabrous and whole vertex without longitudinal microsculpture, in overall impression similar to situation in ''[[Cardiocondyla ulianini]]'', foveolar interspaces glabrous and on the average as wide as foveolar diameter (dFOv 16.2 µm), the interspaces with scattered very fine stickman-like fragments of a microreticulum, internal foveolar surface often with longitudinal carinulae (Fig. 33). Dorsal mesosoma in overall impression shiny; dorsal promesonotum shiny, slightly microrugulose and with few shallow foveolae; dorsal propodeum shiny but very finely microrugulose-reticulate. ventrolateral mesonotum, mesopleuron, and propodeum below spiracular level finely reticulate. Lateral metapleuron with 2–4 curved longitudinal carinae. Waist segments almost smooth and shining. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on whole body moderately long and dilute, PLg/CS 6.47 %, sqPDg 4.80. Color of head, mesosoma, femora, and gaster medium brown with yellowish-reddish color component.<br />
<br />
''Cardiocondyla caspiense'' is most similar to ''C. littoralis'' but the strong differences in petiole width and postpetiolar height appear to be outside the usual range of intraspecific variability. The separation from ''C. littoralis'' and ''C. ulianini'' is supported by a PCA considering the characters PoOc/CL, Pew/CS, PpH/CS and PLg/CS (Fig. 136).<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Fig. 136.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Fig. 136. Separation of individual workers of ''Cardiocondyla caspiense'' (black rhombs, n=2), ''C. ulianini'' (white dots, n=44) and ''C. littoralis'' (crosses, n=5) by a principal component analysis considering the morphometric characters PoOc/CL, PeW/CS, PpH/CS and PLg/CS.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Only known from the type locality (36.833 °N, 53.450 °E, minus 29 m).<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=36.8<br />
|south_latitude_limit=36.8<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Siefert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Iran]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|caspiense}}. Cardiocondyla caspiense'' Seifert, 2023: 34, figs. 30-33 (w.) IRAN.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype plus 1 paratype worker on the same pin labelled “IRAN: 36.833° N, 53.450° E, Miankaleh, shrubs and grass, Paknia 2004.07.23 -561” and “Holotype (upper) paratype of ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''”, depository, SMN görlitz.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Iran<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla caspiense]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|caspiense]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_caspiense&diff=708808Cardiocondyla caspiense2024-03-22T19:02:51Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Identification */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''ulianini''<br />
|species = '''''C. caspiense'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
This species is known from only one collection (consisting of 2 specimens) from an area with shrubs and grass near the Caspian Sea, in Iran.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 30-33.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 30–33. ''Cardiocondyla caspiense'', holotype; Fig. 30: head in dorsal view; Fig. 31: lateral view; Fig. 32: dorsal view; Fig. 33: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Iran: Miankaleh, 2004.07.23<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_bulgarica_group|''Cardiocondyla bulgarica'' group]]. Worker (Tab. 2, Figs. 30–33, key). Small, CS 485 µm. Head moderately elongated, CL/CW 1.144. Postocular distance much smaller than in ''[[Cardiocondyla littoralis]]'', PoOc/CL 0.418. Scape longer, SL/CS 0.818. Eye rather large, EYE/CS 0.253. Hind margin of vertex in dorsal view suggestively concave. Frons moderately broad (FRS/CS 0.248), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.041). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a well-developed metanotal depression (Mgr/CS 3.88 %). Propodeal spines more diverging and slightly longer than in ''C. littoralis'' (SP/CS 0.110), triangular but with sharp tips), their axis in profile deviating by about 45° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases much approached (SPBA/CS 0.220). Petiole extremely narrow and much higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.252, PeH/CS 0.312), its node in dorsal aspect as long as wide, tapering frontad; in lateral aspect its frontodorsal profile steeper than in ''C. littoralis'' (about 58° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole as wide but much lower than in ''C. littoralis'', about twice as wide as high (PpW/CS 0.502, PpH/CS 0.248), in dorsal view heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite with a shallow anteromedian bulge. Clypeus between the level of the paramedian 1st order setae, smooth, its anteromedian margin straight or weakly concave. Frontal laminae and a small area posterior of them finely and densely longitudinally rugulose. Anteromedian vertex glabrous and whole vertex without longitudinal microsculpture, in overall impression similar to situation in ''[[Cardiocondyla ulianini]]'', foveolar interspaces glabrous and on the average as wide as foveolar diameter (dFOv 16.2 µm), the interspaces with scattered very fine stickman-like fragments of a microreticulum, internal foveolar surface often with longitudinal carinulae (Fig. 33). Dorsal mesosoma in overall impression shiny; dorsal promesonotum shiny, slightly microrugulose and with few shallow foveolae; dorsal propodeum shiny but very finely microrugulose-reticulate. ventrolateral mesonotum, mesopleuron, and propodeum below spiracular level finely reticulate. Lateral metapleuron with 2–4 curved longitudinal carinae. Waist segments almost smooth and shining. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on whole body moderately long and dilute, PLg/CS 6.47 %, sqPDg 4.80. Color of head, mesosoma, femora, and gaster medium brown with yellowish-reddish color component.<br />
<br />
''Cardiocondyla caspiense'' is most similar to ''C. littoralis'' but the strong differences in petiole width and postpetiolar height appear to be outside the usual range of intraspecific variability. The separation from ''C. littoralis'' and ''C. ulianini'' is supported by a PCA considering the characters PoOc/CL, Pew/CS, PpH/CS and PLg/CS (Fig. 136).<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|noheading=yes<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Fig. 136.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Fig. 136. Separation of individual workers of ''Cardiocondyla caspiense'' (black rhombs, n=2), ''C. ulianini'' (white dots, n=44) and ''C. littoralis'' (crosses, n=5) by a principal component analysis considering the morphometric characters PoOc/CL, PeW/CS, PpH/CS and PLg/CS.<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Only known from the type locality (36.833 °N, 53.450 °E, minus 29 m).<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=36.8<br />
|south_latitude_limit=36.8<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Siefert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Iran]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|caspiense}}. Cardiocondyla caspiense'' Seifert, 2023: 34, figs. 30-33 (w.) IRAN.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype plus 1 paratype worker on the same pin labelled “IRAN: 36.833° N, 53.450° E, Miankaleh, shrubs and grass, Paknia 2004.07.23 -561” and “Holotype (upper) paratype of ''Cardiocondyla caspiense''”, depository, SMN görlitz.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Iran<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla caspiense]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|caspiense]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_dalmaticoides&diff=708807Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides2024-03-22T18:57:32Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Identification */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''elegans''<br />
|species = '''''C. dalmaticoides'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides''<br />
|binomial_authority = Seifert, 2023<br />
}}<br />
Nothing is known concerning the biology of this endemic Turkish species.<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 14-17.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 14–17. ''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides'', holotype; Fig. 14: head in dorsal view; Fig. 15: lateral view, postpetiole and gaster in full lateral view shown upper left; Fig. 16: dorsal view, postpetiole and gaster in full dorsal view shown lower left; Fig. 17: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Turkey: Reyhauli-2 km N, 1993.06.09<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_elegans_group|''Cardiocondyla elegans'' group]]. <br />
Worker (Tab. 1, Figs. 14–17, key). Large, CS 614 µm. Head short, CL/CW 1.126. Postocular distance low, PoOc/CL 0.399. Scape long, SL/CS 0.855. Eye medium-sized, EYE/CS 0.242. Occipital margin straight or suggestively concave. Frons rather broad (FRS/CS 0.256), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.044). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a deep metanotal depression (Mgr/CS 4.43 %). Spines rather short but much more acute than in ''[[Cardiocondyla dalmatica]]'' and ''[[Cardiocondyla elegans]]'' (SP/CS 0.112), their axis in profile deviating by about 50° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases much more approached than in ''C. dalmatica'' (SPBA/CS 0.228). Petiole narrower than in ''C. dalmatica'' and elegans and much higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.296, PeH/CS 0.341); in profile with a long peduncle and a very steep anterior slope of the node (about 72° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole rather wide and moderately high (PpW/CS 0.563, PpH/CS 0.291), in dorsal view suggestively heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite convex. Head in overall impression mildly shiny. Whole vertex with shallow, feebly bicoronate foveolae of 18–19 µm diameter, foveolar distance on paramedian vertex smaller than foveolar diameter, near to eyes larger; the interspaces between foveolae shiny and in places with fragments of a very delicate microreticulum (Fig. 17). Mesosoma more shiny than in ''C. dalmatica'', with only suggestively developed microreticulum and microrugulae, a large number of foveolae present on dorsal promesonotum, their distance approximately equal to their diameter. Whole propodeum completely glabrous. Dorsum of waist glabrous. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on whole body long and dense, PLg/CS 6.97 %, sqPDg 3.95. Color of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster usually homogenously dark to medium brown; mandibles, scape, tibiae and tarsae yellowish brown.<br />
<br />
''Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides'' can be safely separated from ''C. dalmatica'' and ''C. elegans'' alone by the more approached spine bases and narrower petiole (Fig. 134). The glabrous surface of propodeum, the very acute propodeal spines and the high petiole with a very steep anterior profile of the node offer accessory means for separation.<br />
<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
So far only known from two sites in Asia Minor between 100 and 1000 m a.s.l.<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=36.9<br />
|south_latitude_limit=36.2<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =Siefert, 2023<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Türkiye]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}.<br /><br />
<!--END OF DISTRIBUTION LIST--><br />
<br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=1}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=1}}<br />
<br />
==Biology==<br />
<br />
==Castes==<br />
<br />
==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|dalmaticoides}}. Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides'' Seifert, 2023: 30, figs. 14-17 (w.) TURKEY.<br />
<br />
===Type Material===<br />
*Holotype plus 2 paratype workers labelled “HATAY—2km N Reyhauli 50 km E Hatay 100 mH Straßenrand 1020 Leg. Schulz 09.06.93 TÜRKEI”; one paratype worker labelled “ANTALYA 2km S geris 40km NE Manavgat 1000 mH Straßenrand 1020 Leg. Schulz 06.06.93 TÜRKEI”; both samples deposited in SMN görlitz; at least two paratype workers labelled “HATAY—2km N Reyhauli 50 km E Hatay 100 mH Straßenrand 1022 Leg. Schulz 09.06.93 TÜRKEI”, in private collection of Andreas Schulz / Leverkusen.<br />
<br />
<!--Un-comment this template when adding type specimen data<br />
*{{TypeSpecimen<br />
|publishedname=<br />
|status=<br />
|statuspublication=<br />
|material=<br />
|locality=<br />
|country=Türkiye<br />
|coordinates={{Inline coordinates|||0|NS|||0|EW}} COMMENT OUT IF UNKNOWN<br />
|collector=<br />
|collectiondate=<br />
|specimenidentifier=<br />
|institution=<br />
|notes=<br />
}}<br />
--><br />
===Description===<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
<br />
[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Formicidae]][[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|dalmaticoides]]<br />
[[category:Need Overview]][[category:Need Images]][[category:Need Body Text]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_species_groups&diff=708806Cardiocondyla species groups2024-03-22T18:54:06Z<p>Lubertazzi: </p>
<hr />
<div>The original species groups proposed by Seifert (2003) have been updated and expanded by Seifert (2022, 2023) and Seifert, Okita, and Heinzeal (2017).<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla argentea'' group==<br />
Dorsal mesosomal profile evenly convex with absent or only suggested metanotal depression (MGr/CS 0–0.52%) and in dorsal view without pronotal corners. Propodeal spines well-developed (SP/CS 0.208–0.400). Postpetiolar sternite conspicuously bilobate or bicuspidate. Furthermore characterized by short head with rather low postocular index (CL/CW 1.051–1.133, PoOc/CL 0.408–0.436) and a wide frons (FRS/CS 0.242–0.337).<br />
<br />
The clearest differences to the ''C. thoracica'' and ''C. wheeleri'' group are the conspicuously bilobate or bicuspidate postpetiolar sternite, the evenly convex dorsal mesosomal profile and the absence of any pronotal corners.<br />
<br />
Six species in the East Orientalic and Australasian zone, no tramp species known.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla argentea]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla argyrotricha]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla latifrons]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla micropila]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla pirata]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla semiargentea]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla batesii'' group==<br />
Eye very large (EYE/CS 0.263 ± 0.08), postocular distance very small (PoOc/CL 0.368 ± 0.016), head rather long (CL/CW 1.176 ± 0.023), metanotal depression always present (MGr/CS 3.51 ± 0.82%), propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.100 ± 0.013), pubescence on first gaster tergite rather short (PLG/CS 5.50 ± 0.43%), postpetiolar sternite completely flat, without any protrusions.<br />
<br />
Eight species from the southern zone of West Palaearctic, tramp species unknown.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla batesii]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla kushanica]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla nigra]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla opistopsis]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla rugulosa]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla semirubra]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla tenuifrons]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla verdensis]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla elegans'' group==<br />
Eye large (EYE/CS 0.250 ± 0.006), postocular distance small (PoOc/CL 0.395 ± 0.009), head rather short (CL/CW 1.156 ± 0.017), metanotal depression always present (MGr/CS 4.50 ± 0.76%), propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.116 ± 0.013), pubescence on first gaster tergite very long (PLG/CS 7.84 ± 0.51%), postpetiolar sternite without any protrusions.<br />
<br />
Four described and one undescribed species (''Cardiocondyla'' sp. code DAOI) from the southern zone of the West Palaearctic. <br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla brachyceps]]'' +<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla dalmatica]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla dalmaticoides]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla elegans]]''<br />
<br />
+ Seifert (2023) lists ''Cardiocondyla brachyceps'' as part of the ''Cardiocondyla batesii'' and ''Cardiocondyla elegans'' groups (page 8) then later, in taxonomic comments about this species, states it is in the ''Cardiocondyla elegans'' group (page 31). When described (Siefert 2003), ''C. brachyceps'' was placed in the ''elegans'' group. <br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla emeryi'' group==<br />
Head elongated with rather high postocular index (CL/CW 1.227–1.246, PoOc/CL 0.454–0.472) and a very narrow frons (FRS/CS 0.200–0.227). Metanotal depression well developed (MGr/CS 2.33–3.22%), Propodeal spines relatively short (SP/CS 0.128–0.207). Postpetiole rather high (PpH/CS 0.292–0.335) and with a bulging sternite that does not show any lobes, cusps or dents. Pubescence on first gaster tergite rather long and dense (PLG/CS 6.7–7.6%, sqPDG 3.8–4.3).<br />
<br />
At least two species with probably Afrotropical origin, one of these with worldwide tramp species properties. <br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla emeryi]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla neferka]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla longinoda'' group==<br />
Monotypical group. Assessment based on evaluation of images CASENT09011751 of the holotype in www.antweb.org. The most eye-catching character is petiole shape in lateral view which is not seen in any Afrotropical ''Cardiocondyla'' species. Overall, this slender ant shows similarity to members of the ''Cardiocondyla nuda'' and ''C. shuckardi'' group but it differs from these by a much narrower frons and lower petiole and a more approached spine base. The ratio FRS*PeH/SL is 3.40% in the holotype of ''C. longinoda'' but 5.34 ± 0.48 [3.99, 6.88]% in 759 individuals of the ''C. nuda'' and ''C. shuckardi'' group. The slenderness of ''C. longinoda'' is also expressed by the 2nd component of a PCA considering the characters CS, SL, FRS, SPBA and PeH which is −3.80 in the holotype of ''C. longinoda'' but 0.005 ± 0.991 [−2.36, 3.59] in 759 individuals of the ''C. nuda'' and ''C. shuckardi'' group.<br />
<br />
Only a single Afrotropical species known.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla longinoda]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla minutior'' group==<br />
Head elongated with rather high postocular index (CL/CW 1.182–1.263, PoOc/CL 0.463–0.490) and a narrow frons (FRS/CS 0.221–0.246). Metanotal depression weak or absent (MGr/CS 0–1.25%), propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.089–0.133). Postpetiole with a flat sternite and low (PpH/CS 0.230–0.274). Pubescence on first gaster tergite rather long and dense (PLG/CS 6.6–8.3%, sqPDG 2.8–4.0).<br />
<br />
Eight species with distributional center in the Orientalic and Australasian region of which two are worldwide tramp species. <br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla britteni]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla carbonaria]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla goa]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla minutior]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla opaca]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla parvinoda]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla schulzi]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla tjibodana]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla monardi'' group==<br />
(Subgenus ''[[Loncyda]]'' Santschi, 1931)<br />
<br />
Monotypical group. Head, mesosoma, waist and gaster on whole exposed surface with a rich silvery glinting pubescence having flattened hairs. Dorsal profile of mesosoma from anterior part of pronotum to caudal part of propodeum continuously convex, the latter without any suggestions of spines or dents. Petiole extremely slender, with a very long peduncle and a long and narrow node with a feebly convex dorsal profile. Postpetiole narrow and low, distinctly longer than wide, in dorsal view its anterior half conically narrowing frontad.<br />
<br />
Only a single Afrotropical species known.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla monardi]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla nivalis'' group==<br />
Very small (CS 357–402 µm). With exception of the dark brown to jet black gaster, whole body whitish or whitish-yellowish. Metanotal groove notable (MGr/CS 1.6–2.6%) and overall dorsal mesosomal profile more straight. Frons wider than in the former three species groups (FRS/CS 0.290–0.314). Head and scape rather short (CL/CW 1.095–1.149, SL/CS 0.787–0.857).<br />
<br />
Two species of Australasian-Polynesian origin.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla allonivalis]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla nivalis]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla nuda'' group==<br />
Promesonotal and anterior propodeal profiles usually not forming evenly convex curvatures—as result, metanotal depression, if present at all, not as wide and with steeper anterior and posterior slopes. Propodeal spines short, appearing in lateral view as smaller angles of 60–95°. Postpetiole in dorsal aspect frequently with angulate-convex sides—the outlines of postpetiole thus resembling a hexagon. Eyes small (EYE/CS 0.231 ± 0.05), postocular index rather large (PoOc/CL 0.454 ± 0.013) and postpetiole rather narrow (PpW/CS 0.487 ± 0.030). Basic type of sculpture on paramedian vertex and mesosoma microreticulate, though varying in strength.<br />
<br />
There are similarities to the ''C. shuckardi'' group questioning if a separation in different groups by subtle differences in mesosoma profile and postpetiole shape are reasonable. Yet, the morphometric separation of the ''C. shuckardi'' and ''C. nuda'' group is clear. Individual workers of seven available species in the ''C. shuckardi'' group and of all eight species of the ''C. nuda'' group were correctly classified by a linear discriminant function in 98.8% of the cases. With all linear measures in mm and sqPDG as square root of the µm value, the discriminant 195.98∗MGr + 0.29∗sqPDG − 9.636∗CW − 24.69∗FRS + 48.59∗SPBA − 71.61∗SP + 58.30∗PeW − 77.64∗PpW + 56.53∗PpH + 2.367 was −1.343 ± 0.973 [−4.100, 1.430] in 540 workers of the ''C. nuda'' group and 3.342 ± 1.065 [0.465, 6.606] in 217 workers of ''C. shuckardi'' group.<br />
<br />
Eight species from the tropical to south temperate zones of the Old World, with one species introduced to the Americas.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla atalanta]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla compressa]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla itsukii]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla mauritanica]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla nuda]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla paranuda]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla strigifrons]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla shuckardi'' group==<br />
Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum frontal of spine base feebly but continuously convex—as result, the always developed and rather deep metanotal depression is formed by very shallow anterior and posterior slopes (MGr/CS 1.6–6.3%). Propodeal spines always short (SP/CS 0.029–0.088), reduced do blunt dents or obtusely angled corners. Petiole node in dorsal view always globular. Postpetiole rather narrow (PpW/CS 0.399–0.490), its sides in dorsal view rounded, outlines of postpetiole thus never not forming a hexagon.<br />
<br />
About nine species occurring in Africa, the Arab Peninsula and Iran of which one species was introduced to the Caribbean and Hawaii.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla globinodis]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla melana]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla sekhemka]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla unicalis]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla zoserka]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla sima'' group==<br />
(Subgenus ''[[Prosopidris]]'' Wheeler, 1935)<br />
<br />
Antennae with 11 segments instead of 12 in all other species of the genus. Collective length of the three apical antennal segments 57–63% of whole funiculus length, in other species shorter. Anterior part of postpetiole in dorsal view conic. Petiole with a very long peduncle and well-developed node. Scape very long in terms of the genus (SL/CS 0.937–0.981).<br />
<br />
At least two polymorphic Australasian species, no tramp species known.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla papuana]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla sima]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla stambuloffii'' group==<br />
True foveolae on vertex completely absent. Instead the bases of pubescence hairs are placed in the center of flat tubercles or flat pits of small diameter, giving a finely punctate surface appearance at lower magnifications, dFov 8.13 ± 0.78 [5.0, 10.0]. Frons very wide, FRS/CS 0.320 ± 0.015 [0.269, 0.353]. Propodeal spines reduced to blunt dents, SP/CS 0.070 ± 0.013 [0.027, 0.096]. Metanotal depression deep, MGr/CS 3.57 ± 0.83 [1.63, 6.16]%; all numeric data from 153 worker individuals of five species.<br />
<br />
The members of the ''C. batesii'', ''C. elegans'' and ''C. ulinanini'' groups as proposed are morphologically similar. This grouping is confirmed by an LDA considering all morphometric characters with positive checks in wild-card runs for rare species with very few samples available.<br />
<br />
SE Europe across Asia Minor eastwards to Tibet and Mongolia.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla gibbosa]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla stambuloffii]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla rolandi]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla tibetana]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla sulcata'' group==<br />
Monotypical group. Metanotal groove very deep and with an extremely steep posterior slope that forms with the anterior slope a distinct angle of 90–100°. Petiole with a very long peduncle, in dorsal view more than twice as long than wide and with a small circular node, in profile the node is low with a convex dorsum. Postpetiolar sternite almost flat, only with suggested and very rounded anterolateral corners.<br />
<br />
Only a single Orientalic species known from Malaysia.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla sulcata]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla thoracica'' group==<br />
Pronotal corners in dorsal and lateral view very prominent and sharp. Dorsal mesosomal profile not evenly convex and with an absent to well-developed metanotal depression (MGr/CS 0–7.6%). Postpetiolar sternite differently shaped but not distinctly bilobate or bicuspidate, without any prominent structures. Spine base narrower and spines shorter than in the C. wheeleri group (SPBA/CS 0.237–0.368, SP/CS 0.230–0.365).<br />
<br />
Three Australasian species, all occurring east of the Wallace Line, no tramp species known.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla paradoxa]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla subspina]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla thoracica]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla ulianini'' group==<br />
Eye large (EYE/CS 0.248 ± 0.012), postocular distance larger (PoOc/CL 0.407 ± 0.031), head longer (CL/CW 1.160 ± 0.022), metanotal depression always present (MGr/CS 3.85 ± 0.84%), propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.114 ± 0.015), pubescence on first gaster tergite rather long (PLG/CS 6.55 ± 1.06%), postpetiolar sternite without any protrusions.<br />
<br />
Seven described and one undescribed species (''Cardiocondyla'' sp. code CASP) from the southern zone of the West and Central Palaearctic. <br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla bulgarica]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla caspiense]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla gallilaeica]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla israelica]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla littoralis]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla sahlbergi]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla ulianini]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla wheeleri'' group==<br />
Pronotal corners in dorsal view developed but blunt. Dorsal mesosomal profile not evenly convex with a small metanotal depression (MGr/CS 1.4–3.0%). Postpetiolar sternite flat or shallowly convex and without any prominent structures. Spine base very broad and spines rather long (SPBA/CS 0.341–0.374, SP/CS 0.296–0.418).<br />
<br />
Four Australasian species, all occurring east of the Wallace Line, no tramp species known,<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla excavata]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla goroka]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla nigrocerea]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla wheeleri]]''<br />
<br />
==''Cardiocondyla wroughtonii'' group==<br />
Head rather short with comparably low postocular index (CL/CW 1.099–1.189, PoOc/CL 0.415–0.440) and a variably wide frons (FRS/CS 0.219–0.282). Scape short to very short (SL/CS 0.682–0.825). Metanotal depression well developed (MGr/CS 3.25–3.65%). Propodeal spines rather short (SP/CS 0.184–0.201). Postpetiole higher (PpH/CS 0.276–0.337) with a bilobate or bicuspidate sternite. Pubescence on first gaster tergite variable.<br />
<br />
Five described and two undescribed species (''Cardiocondyla'' sp. code HEIN, ''Cardiocondyla'' sp. code AFRI) with origin in the tropics of the Old World, two of these occur as worldwide tramp species.<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla nana]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla obscurior]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla shagrinata]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla wroughtonii]]''<br />
*''[[Cardiocondyla yemeni]]''<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[[Media:Seifert 2003a.pdf| Seifert, B. 2003. The ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the ''C. elegans'', ''C. bulgarica'', ''C. batesii'', ''C. nuda'', ''C. shuckardi'', ''C. stambuloffii'', ''C. wroughtonii'', ''C. emeryi'', and ''C. minutior'' species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Serie B Botanik und Zoologie. 104:203-338.]]<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2022. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.3390@d15010025).pdf|Seifert, B. 2022. The ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): The species groups with Oriental and Australasian origin. Diversity 15, 25]] ({{doi|10.3390/d15010025}}).<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B., Okita, I., Heinze, J. 2017. A taxonomic revision of the Cardiocondyla nuda group.pdf|Seifert, B., Okita, I., Heinze, J. 2017. A taxonomic revision of the ''Cardiocondyla nuda'' group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 4290: 324–356 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.4).]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cardiocondyla]][[Category:Species Groups]]</div>Lubertazzihttps://antwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Cardiocondyla_dalmatica&diff=708805Cardiocondyla dalmatica2024-03-22T18:50:16Z<p>Lubertazzi: /* Identification */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Italic title}}<br />
{{Taxobox<br />
|name = ''Cardiocondyla dalmatica''<br />
|regnum = [[Animal]]ia<br />
|phylum = [[Arthropod]]a<br />
|classis = [[Insect]]a<br />
|ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]<br />
|familia = [[Formicidae]]<br />
|subfamilia = [[Myrmicinae]]<br />
|tribus = [[Crematogastrini]]<br />
|genus = ''[[Cardiocondyla]]''<br />
|species_group=''elegans''<br />
|species = '''''C. dalmatica'''''<br />
|binomial = ''Cardiocondyla dalmatica''<br />
|binomial_authority = Soudek, 1925<br />
}}<br />
A strongly thermophilous species. Natural habitats are open riverine or coastal sand-gravel banks, dunes and solonchaks with very sparse herb layer. There is a considerable habitat shift to anthropogenous sites; it is frequent here at roadsides, country lanes, camping grounds etc. The simple soil nests usually show a single, very narrow entrance hole of 1.0–1.4 mm diameter which leads to a vertical duct that passes through a number of chambers down to 50 cm in habitats with low water table. A nest entrance in the solonchaks at Lake Neusiedlersee, situated within a transitional zone which is flooded for several days to weeks annually, was according to Zettel et al. (2021) only 15 cm above the water table. The material around this entrance was strongly cemented and the entrance could be closed when flooded. One nest excavated in Bulgaria contained 150 workers, 7 ergatoid males, 155 alate gynes and one queen and the nests are probably monogynous at the nest level. Mating and colony foundation is probably as in ''[[Cardiocondyla elegans]]'' (Seifert 2018). Gynes are polymorphic in mesosoma size and wing length—flight dispersal and independent colony foundation is supposed for macrosomatic-macropterous gynes in particular. Forages at surface temperatures up to 50°C on soil surface and in the lower herb layer. Apparently largely zoophagous. visits nectaries. It behaves submissive and cryptic in respect to other ants. (Seifert, 2023).<br />
{{Photo Gallery<br />
|name1=Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1), Figs. 10-13.jpg<br />
|comment1=Seifert (2023), Figs. 10–13. ''Cardiocondyla dalmatica'', Fig. 10: head in dorsal view; Fig. 11: lateral view; Fig. 12: dorsal view; Fig. 13: head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Hungary: Balassagyarmat, 2007.06.31<br />
|size1=450px<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Identification==<br />
Seifert (2023) - A member of the [[Cardiocondyla_species_groups#Cardiocondyla_elegans_group|''Cardiocondyla elegans'' group]]. Relatively large, CS 554 µm. Head moderately elongated, CL/CW 1.156. Postocular distance low, PoOc/CL 0.399. Scape long, SL/CS 0.855. Eye rather large, EYE/CS 0.247, with notable microsetae. Occipital margin suggestively concave to straight. Frons rather broad (FRS/CS 0.258), frontal carinae slightly converging immediately caudal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.045). Dorsal profile of promesonotum and of propodeum convex with a rather deep metanotal depression (Mgr/CS 3.90 %). Spines rather short and acute (SP/CS 0.109), their axis in profile deviating by about 35° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma, their bases rather distant (SPBA/CS 0.262). Petiole narrower than in C. elegans and slightly higher than wide (PeW/CS 0.313, PeH/CS 0.329); in profile with a moderately long peduncle and a steep anterior slope of the node (about 65° relative to ventral profile). Postpetiole rather wide and moderately high (PpW/CS 0.562, PpH/CS 0.298), in dorsal view suggestively heard-shaped, with a concave anterior margin and convex sides; postpetiolar sternite convex. Head in overall impression mildly shiny. Whole vertex with shallow, feebly bicoronate foveolae of 16–18 µm diameter, foveolar distance on paramedian vertex smaller than foveolar diameter, near to eyes larger; the interspaces between foveolae shiny and in places with fragments of a very delicate microreticulum (Fig. 13). Mesosoma shiny, with weakly developed microreticulum and microrugulae, a large number of foveolae present on dorsal promesonotum, their distance approximately equal to their diameter. Dorsal propodeum glabrous but with small foveolae and a very delicate microrugosity. Dorsum of waist glabrous, with scattered fragments of very fine microreticular structures. First gaster tergite glabrous. Pubescence on whole body long and dense, PLg/CS 7.57 %, sqPDg 4.09. Color of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster usually homogenously dark to medium brown; mandibles, scape, tibiae and tarsae yellowish brown.<br />
<br />
''Cardiocondyla dalmatica'' is an eastern, parapatric sibling species of ''[[Cardiocondyla elegans]]'' with a sympatric occurrence, as far as known, only in northern Italy. Both species are in basic shape and surface structure extremely similar but there are significant differences in PeW, SL, Mgr and PpW (Tab1.). The clear separation of both species by exploratory and hypothesis-driven data analyses is reported under ''[[Cardiocondyla elegans]]''.<br />
{{Species identification keys}}<br />
<br />
==Distribution==<br />
Seifert (2023) - From N Italy (8.6°E), across the whole Balkans, Cyprus and Asia Minor east to Iran (52.7°E). The northern range border is demarcated by 47.78°N and 16.84°E in Austria (Zettel et al. 2021), 47.83°N 18.83°E in Slovakia (Bezdecka & Tetal 2013) and 48.07°N, 19.29°E in Hungary. All European sites are below 600 m but in Iran it ascends to 1700 m (29.76°N, 52.70°E). The mean air temperature May–Aug of 29 sites is 22.23 ± 2.12 [18.7, 25.8] °C.<br />
{{Latitudinal Distribution<br />
|north_latitude_limit=48.1<br />
|south_latitude_limit=29.7<br />
|north_temperate=yes<br />
|north_subtropical=yes<br />
|tropical=<br />
|south_subtropical=<br />
|south_temperate=<br />
|source =[https://antmaps.org AntMaps], Seifert (2023)<br />
|notes =<br />
}}<br />
<!--DO NOT EDIT THIS TEXT. To update this list add or remove taxa from individual regional taxon list pages.--><br />
===Distribution based on [[:Category:Regional Taxon List|Regional Taxon Lists]]===<br />
'''[[:Category:Palaearctic Region|Palaearctic Region]]''': [[Albania]], [[Austria]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Croatia]] {{SmallFont|([[type locality]])}}, [[Cyprus]], [[Greece]], [[Hungary]], [[Iran]], [[Italy]], [[Montenegro]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Türkiye]].<br /><br />
{{AntMapsMap}}<br />
{{Countries Occupied|count=15}}<br />
{{Estimated Abundance|count=30}}<br />
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==Biology==<br />
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==Castes==<br />
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==Nomenclature==<br />
{{Nomenclature}}<br />
*''{{RedText|dalmatica}}. Cardiocondyla elegans'' var. ''dalmatica'' Soudek, 1925a: 34 (w.) MONTENEGRO.<br />
**Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated, “one colony”).<br />
**Type-locality: Montenegro: Gulf of Kotor (Boce Kotorské), Erceg Novi (Castelnuovo), vii. 1922 (''S. Soudek'').<br />
**Type-depositories: MIZW, NHMB.<br />
**[Note: syntypes also in Soudek personal collection, location unknown.]<br />
**[Also described as new by Soudek, 1925b: 14.]<br />
**Subspecies of ''elegans'': Santschi, 1926f: 292; Zimmermann, 1935: 20; Bolton, 1995b: 132.<br />
**Junior synonym of ''elegans'': Radchenko, 1995b: 449; Seifert, 2003a: 225; Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 21.<br />
**Status as species: Seifert, 2018: 187.<br />
**Distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey.<br />
**[Note: distribution from Borowiec, L. 2014: 46, modified after Seifert, 2018: 186-187.]<br />
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===Type Material===<br />
Seifert (2023) - Investigated was one worker from NHM Basel, labelled “Boka Kotorska, Dalmacia, 1923, Dr. Soudek” and one worker from ZIPAS Warszawa labelled “Boka Kotor, Igalo vII 1922, Dr.Soudek”. Both specimens are most similar in morphology and are allocated to the ''dalmatica'' cluster in a wild-card run of the LDA mentioned above with p = 1.0000 (specimen from “Boka Kotorska”) and p = 0.9961 (specimen from “Boka Kotor, Igalo”). The original description of Soudek (1925) does not give collecting dates and only reports of a single colony found “at Erceg Novi (Castelnuovo) in the gulf of Kotor”. As the locality Igalo is a part of the town Herceg Novi, the specimen from this locality is better attributable to Soudek’s statements and is fixed herewith as lectotype.<br />
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===Description===<br />
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==References==<br />
*Bezdecka, P., Tetal, I. 2013. ''Cardiocondyla elegans'' Emery, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)—nový mravenec pro Slovensko. Folia faunistica Slovaca 18(3), 339–342.<br />
*Bolton, B. 1995b. A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World: 504 pp. Cambridge, Mass.<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2021. Notes on ants from Western Greece (10.5281@zenodo.5571258).pdf|Borowiec, L., Salata, S. 2021. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Greece. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 30: 1-23]] ({{doi|10.5281/ZENODO.5571258}}).<br />
*[[Media:Borowiec, L., van Delft, J.P.L. et al. 2023. Five ant species new to the Greek fauna (10.5281@zenodo.10101028).pdf|Borowiec, L., van Delft, J.P.L., van Delft, J.J.C.W., Salata, S. 2023. Five ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) new to the Greek fauna with notes on ants from Greek Thrace. Annales of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology 32 (online 008), 1-13]] ({{doi|10.5281/ZENODO.10101028}}).<br />
*[[Media:Csosz, S., Bathori, F. et al. 2021. The myrmecofauna of Hungary (10.3390@insects12010078).pdf|Csősz, S., Báthori, F., Gallé, L., Lőrinczi, G., Maák, I., Tartally, A., Kovács, É., Somogyi, A.Á., Markó, B. 2021. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: Survey of ant species with an annotated synonymic inventory. Insects 16;12(1):78]] ({{doi|10.3390/insects12010078}}).<br />
*[[Media:Karaman 2011 a catalogue of ants of montenegro.pdf|Karaman, M. G. 2011b. A catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Montenegro [in Montenegrin]. Podgorica: Catalogues 3, Volume 2, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, 140 pp.]]<br />
*[[Media:Lapeva-Gjonova, A., Antonova, V. 2022. An updated checklist of ants of Bulgaria (10.3897@BDJ.10.e95599).pdf|Lapeva-Gjonova, A., Antonova, V. 2022. An updated checklist of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria, after 130 years of research. Biodiversity Data Journal 10, e95599]] ({{doi|10.3897/bdj.10.e95599}}).<br />
*Radchenko, A.G. 1995b. Palearkticheskie murav'i roda Cardiocondyla. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 74 (2): 447-455.<br />
*Santschi, F. 1926f. Travaux scientifiques de l'armée d'Orient (1916-1918). Fourmis. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 5: 286-293.<br />
*Seifert, B. 2003a. The ant genus Cardiocondyla - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 104 B: 203-338. <br />
*Seifert, B. 2018. The ants of Central and North Europe: 407 pp. Lutra, Boxberg.<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2022. The ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.3390@d15010025).pdf|Seifert, B. 2022. The ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): The species groups with Oriental and Australasian origin. Diversity 15, 25]] ({{doi|10.3390/d15010025}}).<br />
*[[Media:Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla (10.11646@zootaxa.5274.1.1).pdf|Seifert, B. 2023. A revision of the Palaearctic species of the ant genus ''Cardiocondyla'' Emery 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 5274(1), 1–64]] ({{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.5274.1.1}}).<br />
*Soudek, S. 1925a. Four new European ants. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 37: 33-37. <br />
*Soudek, S. 1925b. Dalmatští mravenci. Časopisu Československé Společnosti Entomologické 22: 12-17.<br />
*Zimmermann, S. 1935. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ameisenfauna Süddalmatiens. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 84 (1934): 1-65.<br />
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[[category:Species]]<br />
[[category:Extant species]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae]][[category:Crematogastrini]][[category:Cardiocondyla]][[category:Cardiocondyla elegans]]<br />
[[category:Myrmicinae species]][[category:Crematogastrini species]][[category:Cardiocondyla species|elegans]]<br />
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