Key to Pheidole punctatissima group

This worker key is based on:

This is a congeries of small, slender species with abundant cephalic sculpturing, relatively long antennal scapes, and typically large-eyed minors, that range from southern Mexico to northern and central South America. The greatest species diversity is in Central America. The affinities of the punctatissima group cannot be readily determined with existing evidence. It appears to fall roughly between the diligens, fallax, and flavens groups.

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 * Pheidole
 * "New World Pheidole" Wilson 2003

1

 * Occipital lobes rugoreticulate . . . . . 2


 * Occipital lobes among species variously rugose, carinulate, foveolate, and smooth and shiny but not rugoreticulate . . . . . 3

2
return to couplet #1
 * Major: propodeal spine reduced to a right angle; scape reaches occipital corner; ocellus present; brown (montane Peru) . . . . . Pheidole inca


 * Major: propodeal spine well developed, in side view half as long as the basal face of the propodeum anterior to it; scape failing to reach the occipital comer by 2 X its own maximum width; ocellus lacking; yellow (Veracruz, Mexico) . . . . . Pheidole tuxtlasana

3
return to couplet #1
 * Major: in side view, no trace of mesonotal convexities present; instead, the promesonotal profile forms a smooth curve all the way back to the metanotal groove or else drops to it abruptly through a posterior face . . . . . 4


 * Major: in side view, a mesonotal convexity is present, even though reduced in some species to a slight rise above the level of the pronotal profile . . . . . 6

4
return to couplet #3
 * Major: in side view, promesonotal profile forms a continuous smooth curve all the way to the metanotal groove (Costa Rica) (placed in the flavens; also keyed out here to ensure identification) . . . . . Pheidole onyx


 * Major: in side view, promesonotal profile drops abruptly through a distinct posterior face to the metanotal groove . . . . . 5

5
return to couplet #4
 * Major: in side view, the propodeal spine is "melted"- blunt at the tip and curved backward; first gastral tergite smooth and shiny (Costa Rica) (placed in the flavens; also keyed out here to ensure identification) . . . . . Pheidole citrina


 * Major: in side view, the propodeal spine is sharp and straight; median half of first gastral tergite shagreened and opaque (Costa Rica) . . . . . Pheidole gradifer

6
return to couplet #3
 * Major: in full-face view, head strongly heart-shaped, and yellow with a circular brown spot on the vertex; when tips of scapes are touched to the margin of the head in full face, they fail to reach halfway between the horizontal levels of the posterior margin of the eye and of the occipital lobes (Costa Rica) (placed in the flavens; also keyed out here to ensure identification) . . . . . Pheidole daphne


 * Major: in full-face view, head usually not heart-shaped, and never yellow with a brown spot on the vertex; tips of scapes reaching the midpoint between horizontal levels of eye and occipital lobes or beyond . . . . . 7

7
return to couplet #6
 * Major: propodeal spine in side view reduced to a minute denticle or right angle formed by the juncture of the basal and descending faces of the propodeum . . . . . 8


 * Major: propodeal spine in side view well developed . . . . . 9

8
return to couplet #7
 * Major: occiput and pronotum smooth and shiny (tropical South America) (placed in the diligens group; also keyed out here to ensure identification) . . . . . Pheidole cataractae


 * Major: pronotum foveolate, occiput seen in full face longitudinally carinulate as well as foveolate, and both opaque (Costa Rica to Brazil and Peru) . . . . . Pheidole rugiceps (in part - also )

9
return to couplet #7
 * Major: pronotum and occiput smooth and shiny (Costa Rica) . . . . . Pheidole humida


 * Major: pronotum foveolate, and occiput in full-face view either longitudinally carinulate, foveolate, or both; pronotum and occiput also opaque . . . . . 10

10
return to couplet #9
 * Major: seen in dorsal-oblique view (mesosoma rotated around long axis 45 degrees from top view), the pronotal humerus is raised into a prominent cornicle; head strikingly bicolored, with anterior third brown and posterior two-thirds pale yellow (Mexico to Colombia) . . . . . Pheidole punctatissima


 * Major: seen in dorsal-oblique view, the pronotal humerus evenly convex to sub angular and not raised as a discrete cornicle; head concolorous, either yellow or brown, or bicolorous, with anterior third yellow . . . . . 11