Zasphinctus steinheili

Brown (1975) - A raid of Zasphinctus steinheili observed by me in Victoria, Australia (Wilson, 1958: 136) was waged against a small Stigmacros (Formicinae) species during the afternoon the Zasphinctus ran over bare soil, but took advantage of cracks in the earth where they could. The Stigmacros workers were seen' scattering and hiding on pieces of eucalypt bark and dead leaves lying on the ground, often carrying their own larvae. Their behavior recalled that of Formica fusca- or pallidefulva group species raided by F. sanguinea-group slavemakers in the Northern Hemisphere, and may imply the use of “propaganda” allomones such as those sprayed by the slavemakers to spread panic in the slave Formica colonies they are attacking (Wilson and Regnier, 1971).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Australasian Region: Australia.

Castes
A total of 20 ergatoid queens from 3 colonies were dissected mostly soon after collecting, during an egg-laying period (Buschinger et al. 1989). Sixteen females were all mated and fully fertile, having long ovarioles (when straightened out, as long as both gaster and petiole) with developing as well as mature oocytes. Presence of "yellow bodies" in most of the ovarioles indicated previous egg-laying. Colonies are thus polygynous.

Nomenclature

 * . Sphinctomyrmex (Eusphinctus) steinheili Forel, 1900b: 72 (w.) AUSTRALIA (Queensland).
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * [Note: Clark, 1925a: 62, implies that at least one ergatoid queen is present in the type-series.]
 * Type-locality: Australia: Queensland, Mackay (Turner).
 * Type-depositories: ANIC, MHNG.
 * Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 225 (w.l.); Wheeler, G.C. 1950: 104 (l.); Imai, Crozier & Taylor, 1977: 348 (k.).
 * Combination in Eusphinctus (Eusphinctus): Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 225;
 * combination in Sphinctomyrmex: Brown, 1975: 33;
 * combination in Zasphinctus: Borowiec, M.L. 2016: 243.
 * Status as species: Emery, 1911d: 7; Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 225 (redescription); Clark, 1925a: 62; Wilson, 1958c: 136; Brown, 1975: 33, 79; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 73; Buschinger, Peeters & Crozier, 1990: 287; Bolton, 1995b: 392.
 * Senior synonym of fallax: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 225; Clark, 1925a: 62; Brown, 1975: 33; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 73; Bolton, 1995b: 392.
 * Senior synonym of fulvipes: Brown, 1975: 33; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 74; Bolton, 1995b: 392.
 * Senior synonym of hedwigae: Brown, 1975: 33; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 73; Bolton, 1995b: 392.
 * Senior synonym of hirsutus: Brown, 1975: 33; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 74; Bolton, 1995b: 392.
 * Distribution: Australia.
 * fallax. Sphinctomyrmex (Eusphinctus) fallax Forel, 1900b: 73 (w.) AUSTRALIA (Queensland).
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Australia: Queensland, Mackay (Turner).
 * Type-depositories: ANIC, MHNG.
 * Status as species: Emery, 1911d: 7.
 * Junior synonym of steinheili: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 225; Clark, 1925a: 62; Brown, 1975: 33; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 73; Bolton, 1995b: 392.
 * fulvipes. Eusphinctus fulvipes Clark, 1934c: 49, pl. 4, fig. 1 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA (Victoria).
 * Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens (numbers not stated).
 * Type-locality: Australia: Victoria, Otway Ranges, Gellibrand, i.1932 (J. Clark).
 * Type-depository: MVMA.
 * Junior synonym of steinheili: Brown, 1975: 33; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 74; Bolton, 1995b: 392.
 * hedwigae. Sphinctomyrmex (Eusphinctus) fallax subsp. hedwigae Forel, 1910b: 21 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA (New South Wales).
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated), 1 syntype ergatoid queen.
 * Type-locality: Australia: New South Wales (Walcher).
 * Type-depositories: ANIC, MHNG.
 * Combination in Eusphinctus (Eusphinctus): Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 228.
 * Subspecies of fallax: Emery, 1911d: 7; Emery, 1914b: 179.
 * Subspecies of steinheili: Wheeler, W.M. 1918a: 228; Clark, 1925a: 63.
 * Junior synonym of steinheili: Brown, 1975: 33; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 74; Bolton, 1995b: 392.
 * hirsutus. Eusphinctus hirsutus Clark, 1929: 118, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA (Victoria).
 * Type-material: 60 syntype workers, 5 syntype ergatoid queens.
 * Type-locality: Australia: Victoria, East Gippsland, Cann River, 26.xi.-8.xii.1928, riverbank (J. Clark).
 * Type-depository: MVMA.
 * Junior synonym of steinheili: Brown, 1975: 33; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 51; Taylor, 1987a: 74; Bolton, 1995b: 392.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Brown W. L., Jr. 1975. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. V. Ponerinae, tribes Platythyreini, Cerapachyini, Cylindromyrmecini, Acanthostichini, and Aenictogitini. Search Agric. (Ithaca N. Y.) 5(1): 1-115.
 * CSIRO Collection
 * Lowery B. B., and R. J. Taylor. 1994. Occurrence of ant species in a range of sclerophyll forest communities at Old Chum Dam, north-eastern Tasmania. Australian Entomologist 21: 11-14.