Tetramorium exasperatum

In both localities ants were found under big stone inside the bright cork oak forest (Borowiec & Salata, 2014). Cagniant (1997) noted that in Morocco this species was collected in clearings and borders of forests, pastures and steppe. Guillem & Bensusan (2009) recorded it in woodland close to well known “The Mount” gardens and in rocky, high maquis.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Gibraltar, Morocco , Spain, Tunisia.

Nomenclature

 *  exasperatum. Tetramorium caespitum r. exasperatum Emery, 1891b: 3 (w.q.) TUNISIA. Cagniant, 1997: 92 (m.). Raised to species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 133. Senior synonym of zahrae: Cagniant, 1997: 92; of acutiseta, parvioculum: Borowiec & Salata, 2014: 521. See also: Emery, 1909d: 705.
 * acutiseta. Tetramorium exasperatum var. acutiseta Santschi, 1921d: 72 (w.q.) MOROCCO. [Also described as new by Santschi, 1923f: 334.] Junior synonym of exasperatum: Borowiec & Salata, 2014: 521.
 * parvioculum. Tetramorium parvioculum Guillem & Bensusan, 2009: 158, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.) GIBRALTAR. Junior synonym of exasperatum: Borowiec & Salata, 2014: 521.
 * zahrae. Tetramorium zahrae Santschi, 1923a: 135 (q.) MOROCCO. Junior synonym of exasperatum: Cagniant, 1997: 92.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2014. Tetramorium exasperatum Emery, 1891 in Iberian Peninsula (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(3): 519-525.
 * Cagniant H. 1997. Le genre Tetramorium au Maroc (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): clé et catalogue des espèces. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (N.S.) 33: 89-100.
 * Cagniant, H. 1968. Liste preliminaire de fourmis forestieres d'Algerie. Resultats obtenus de 1963 a 1964. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 104: 138-147
 * Cagniant, H. "Contribution à la connaissance des fourmis marocaines: Chalepoxenus brunneus n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Myrmicidae)." Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (n.s.)2 (1985): 141-146.
 * Cagniant, H. "Deuxième liste de fourmis d'Algérie récoltées principalement en forêt. (1re partie)." Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 105 (1970): 405-430.
 * Cagniant, H. "Étude de quelques fourmis marocaines. Statistique provisoire des Formicidae du Maroc." Bulletin de la Société d' Histoire naturelle de l' Afrique du Nord 53 (1964): 83-118.
 * Cagniant, H. Les peuplements de fourmis des forêts algériennes: écologie, biocénotique, essai biologique. Universite de Toulouse, 1973.
 * Emery, C. "Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie. Zoologie. - Hyménoptères. Révision critique des fourmis de la Tunisie." Explor. Scient. De la Tunisie Zoll. Hym. (Folleto) Paris. Imp (1891): iii + 21 pp.
 * Guillem R., K. Bensusan, J. Reyes-Lopez, M. D. Martínez Ibáñez, S. Carpintero, I. Sánchez. 2011. Tetramorium parvioculum Guillem & Bensusan, 2009 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): a new species to the ant fauna of Spain and North Africa Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 48: 327-328.
 * Guillem, R., K. Bensusan, J. Reyes-López, M. D. Martínez Ibáñez, S. Carpintero, and S. Sánchez. "Tetramorium parvioculum Guillem & Bensusan, 2009 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae): a new species to the ant fauna of Spain and North Africa." Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 48 (2011): 327-328.
 * IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection
 * López, F. "Estudio morfológico y taxonómico de los grupos de especies ibéricas del género Tetramorium Mayr, 1855." Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología 15 (1991): 29-52.
 * Santschi F. 1925. Fourmis d'Espagne et autres espéces paléartiques EOS (Revista española de entomología) 1: 339-360.
 * Santschi, F. "Fourmis d'Espagne et autres espéces paléartiques." EOS (Revista española de entomología) 1 (1925): 339-360.
 * Santschi, F. "Messor et autres fourmis paléarctiques." Revue Suisse de Zoologie 30 (1923): 317-336.
 * Santschi, F. "Notes sur les fourmis paléarctiques. 4ème note." Boletín de la Real Sociedad española de Historia natural (Madrid) 23 (1923): 133-137.
 * Taheri A., and J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2015. Five new records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Morocco. Journal of Insect Science 15(37): DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev022
 * Taheri A., and J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2015. Five new records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Morocco. Journal of Insect Science 15: 1-3.