Neivamyrmex minor

Neivamyrmex minor occurs in a wide variety of habitats it is one of the most frequently encountered Neivamyrmex species, and is commonly collected at light. The female castes are currently unknown but, based on ranges, we posit that Neivamyrmex leonardi will prove to be the worker. Although this species has been collected in variety of habitats, it has only rarely been collected in the desert areas of the west. Elevational amplitude ranges from near sea level to about 7000 feet. (Snelling and Snelling 2007)

Identification
Smith (1942) - The male of minus can be distinguished from those of other species by its small size and slender form; by the shape of the mandibles; by the posterior corner of the head not being strongly protuberant between the eye and the lateral ocellus; by the shape and length of the antennal scapes; by the flat or feebly concave area of the head back of the ocelli; by the lack of an occipital flange; by the nature of the pilosity; and by the color of the body and wings.

The male is more variable than that of Neivamyrmex melshaemeri. Such variation includes width of space between eye and lateral ocellus; production of head behind eyes; distinctness of lines on mesonotum; color (light brown to deep brown with the head black on some individuals and scarcely darkened on others); length of pilosity; and coarseness of punctation. Specimens from Mexico are much more robust, deeply colored, and coarsely punctured than are the specimens from Texas northward.

The male of minus is most likely to be confused with that of melshaemeri and Neivamyrmex fuscipennis. It differs from both these species in lacking the prominent posterior corners of the head. It can be distinguished from the former by the absence of long, suberect to erect hairs on the thorax and gaster; and from the latter by its much paler, semitransparent wings.

Distribution
United States: Texas to Kansas, west to southern Nevada and California; Mexico: Baja California, Baja California Sur, Coahuila.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Nearctic Region: United States. Neotropical Region: Mexico.

Biology
Males have been collected from April through August, but more commonly during July and August. (Smith 1942)

Castes
Only known from the male caste.

Nomenclature

 * . Labidus minor Cresson, 1872: 195 (m.) U.S.A. (Texas).
 * Type-material: lectotype male (by designation of Borgmeier, 1955: 630), 8 paralectotype males.
 * Type-locality: lectotype U.S.A.: Texas, Bosque County (G.W. Belfrage); paralectotypes with same data.
 * Type-depositories: ANSP (lectotype); ANSP, USNM (paralectotypes).
 * [Misspelled as minus by Dalla Torre, 1893: 4, Emery, 1895c: 261, Creighton, 1950a: 73, and others.]
 * Combination in Eciton (Labidus): Mayr, 1886d: 441;
 * combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187;
 * combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 574;
 * combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 8.
 * Status as species: Mayr, 1886d: 441 (redescription); Cresson, 1887: 259; Dalla Torre, 1893: 4; Emery, 1895c: 261, Forel, 1899c: 29; Emery, 1900a: 178 (in key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 418; Emery, 1910b: 27; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 562; Borgmeier, 1936: 63; Smith, M.R. 1938b: 158; Smith, M.R. 1942c: 574 (redescription); Creighton, 1950a: 73; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 780; Borgmeier, 1955: 630 (redescription); Smith, M.R. 1958c: 109; Cole, 1966: 26; Watkins, 1972: 352 (in key); Hunt & Snelling, 1975: 21; Watkins, 1976: 25 (in key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1331; Snelling, R.R. & George, 1979: 29; Watkins, 1982: 214 (in key); Watkins, 1985: 484 (in key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 20; Bolton, 1995b: 290; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 60; Ward, 2005: 62; Snelling, G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 481.
 * Distribution: Mexico, U.S.A.

Male
Smith (1942) - Length 8.75 mm.

Head approximately one and seven-tenths times as broad as long. Eye large, convex, protuberant. Ocelli rather large, placed on protuberance above general surface of head; summit of protuberance concave; lateral ocellus usually about one-half its greatest diameter from inner border of eye. Frontal carinae subparallel or faintly divergent posteriorly, with groove between them extending to anterior ocellus. Antennal scape robust, longer than combined length of first 3 funicular segments, but not so long as combined length of first 4 segments; segments 1 and 2 distinctly broader than long, segments 3 to 5 inclusive feebly enlarged, segments 4 to 12 inclusive clearly longer than broad. Posterior corners of head not angularly protuberant as in fuscipennis and melsheimeri. Mandible moderately long, curved, gradually tapering from base toward apex, where it ends in an extremely acute, incurved point; shorter and more robust than in the two species mentioned above. Head, from above, weakly projecting behind eyes, more rounded immediately behind and adjacent to eyes than in fuscipennis and melsheimeri. Eye occupying approximately all of side of head except the produced and feebly ridged corner posterodorsad of eye. Region of head behind ocelli, in profile, flattened or feebly concave. Occipital flange lacking. Thorax longer than high, proportionally higher than in melsheimeri; somewhat projecting above head. Mesonotum convex, with anteromedian and parapsidal lines, these distinct in some specimens, less distinct in others. Epinotum, in profile, subtruncate or feebly concave. Legs remarkably small. Sides sharply margined through anterior half of petiole. Tarsal claws feebly toothed. Gaster slender, compressed, with distinct constrictions between segments. Sixth gastric tergum with a transverse impression near base. Seventh gastric sternum with two acute lateral teeth, and a less acute intermediate tooth. Paramere short, but abruptly enlarged apically to form a blunt, somewhat spear-shaped structure.

Head shining; thorax and gaster more subopaque owing to the dense, short, and closely appressed hairs; thorax more subopaque than gaster. Punctation more or less concealed by the pubescence, coarsest on posterior part of mesonotum and pleura.

Hairs yellowish, short, dense, much appressed on all parts of body; longer and suberect to erect on head, scapes, and ventral surface of body; hairs on head less dense than on appendages.

Brown; head darkest, thorax less dark, and gaster least dark of all. Wings very pale, semitransparent, with extremely light veins and distinct brown stigma.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Borgmeier T. 1955. Die Wanderameisen der neotropischen Region. Studia Entomologica 3: 1-720.
 * Cokendolpher J. C., and O. F. Francke. 1990. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of western Texas. Part II. Subfamilies Ecitoninae, Ponerinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae, and Formicinae. Special Publications, the Museum. Texas Tech University 30:1-76.
 * Cover S. P., and R. A. Johnson. 20011. Checklist of Arizona Ants. Downloaded on January 7th at http://www.asu.edu/clas/sirgtools/AZants-2011%20updatev2.pdf
 * Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944
 * Des Lauriers J., and D. Ikeda. 2017. The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the San Gabriel Mountains of Southern California, USA with an annotated list. In: Reynolds R. E. (Ed.) Desert Studies Symposium. California State University Desert Studies Consortium, 342 pp. Pages 264-277.
 * DuBois M. B. 1985. Distribution of ants in Kansas: subfamilies Ponerinae, Ecitoninae, and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 11: 153-285
 * DuBois M. B. 1985. Distribution of ants in Kansas: subfamilies Ponerinae, Ecitoninae, and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 11: 153-286
 * DuBois M. B. 1985. Distribution of ants in Kansas: subfamilies Ponerinae, Ecitoninae, and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 11: 153-287
 * DuBois M. B. 1985. Distribution of ants in Kansas: subfamilies Ponerinae, Ecitoninae, and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 11: 153-289
 * DuBois M. B. 1985. Distribution of ants in Kansas: subfamilies Ponerinae, Ecitoninae, and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 11: 153-290
 * DuBois M. B. 1985. Distribution of ants in Kansas: subfamilies Ponerinae, Ecitoninae, and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 11: 153-291
 * DuBois M. B. 1985. Distribution of ants in Kansas: subfamilies Ponerinae, Ecitoninae, and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 11: 153-292
 * DuBois M. B. 1985. Distribution of ants in Kansas: subfamilies Ponerinae, Ecitoninae, and Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 11: 153-293
 * Fernandes, P.R. XXXX. Los hormigas del suelo en Mexico: Diversidad, distribucion e importancia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
 * Johnson R. Personnal Database. Accessed on February 5th 2014 at http://www.asu.edu/clas/sirgtools/resources.htm
 * Johnson, R.A. and P.S. Ward. 2002. Biogeography and endemism of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Baja California, Mexico: a first overview. Journal of Biogeography 29:10091026/
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 * MacGown J. A., T. L. Schiefer, and M. G. Branstetter. 2015. First record of the genus Leptanilloides (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) from the United States. Zootaxa 4006 (2): 392–400.
 * Mackay W. P., and E. E. Mackay. 2002. The ants of New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 400 pp.
 * O'Keefe S. T., J. L. Cook, T. Dudek, D. F. Wunneburger, M. D. Guzman, R. N. Coulson, and S. B. Vinson. 2000. The Distribution of Texas Ants. The Southwestern Entomologist 22: 1-92.
 * Smith M. R. 1936. A list of the ants of Texas. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 44: 155-170.
 * Smith M. R. 1942. The legionary ants of the United States belonging to Eciton subgenus Neivamyrmex Borgmeier. American Midland Naturalist 27: 537-590.
 * Vasquez-Bolanos M. 2011. Checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Mexico. Dugesiana 18(1): 95-133.
 * Vásquez-Bolaños M. 2011. Lista de especies de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) para México. Dugesiana 18: 95-133
 * Watkins II, J.F. 1982.The army ants of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ecitoninae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 55(2): 197-247.
 * Watkins J. F., II 1976. The identification and distribution of New World army ants (Dorylinae: Formicidae). Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press, 102 pp
 * Wheeler G. C., and J. Wheeler J. 1989. A checklist of the ants of Oklahoma. Prairie Naturalist 21: 203-210.
 * Wheeler G. C., and J. Wheeler. 1986. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, vii + 138 pp.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1908. The ants of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. (Part I.). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24: 399-485.
 * Wheeler, G.C. and J. Wheeler. 1985. A checklist of Texas ants. Prairie Naturalist 17:49-64.