Solenopsis fugax

Species widespread in Europe; it has been reported also from NW Africa, Anatolia and Central Asia. The taxonomy of this and related taxa needs to be fully revised (Rigato & Toni, 2011).

Distribution
This taxon was described from France. It is also found in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Nomenclature

 *  fugax. Formica fugax Latreille, 1798: 46 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Hauschteck, 1961: 221 (k.); Santschi, 1910e: 649 (gynandromorph). Combination in Diplorhoptrum: Mayr, 1855: 450; Baroni Urbani, 1968a: 63; Kutter, 1977c: 102; Bernard, 1978a: 574; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539; Collingwood, 1979: 64; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 168; in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 751; Emery, 1909a: 30; Emery, 1922e: 201; Bernard, 1967: 182; Bolton, 1987: 285; Bolton, 1995b: 387. Senior synonym of flavidula: Mayr, 1855: 450; Smith, F. 1855b: 121; of orientalis: Karavaiev, 1910b: 49; Karavaiev, 1934: 122; Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; of kasalinensis, pontica: Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; of debilior: Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990a: 138; of latroides, scythica: Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Arakelian, 1994: 50; provisional senior synonym of: avium, balachowskyi, banyulensis, delta, duboscqui, furtiva, insulare, laevithorax, monticola, nicaeensis, pilosum, provincialis, pygmaea, richardi, robusta, rugosa, tertialis: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492-493. Current subspecies: nominal plus cypridis, emesa, furtiva, karaki, tisiphone. See also: Donisthorpe, 1915d: 102; Boven, 1977: 85; Bolton, 1987: 285; Radchenko, 2007: 33.
 * flavidula. Myrmica flavidula Nylander, 1849: 43 (w.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of fugax: Mayr, 1855: 450; Smith, F. 1855b: 121. See also: Radchenko, 2007: 33.
 * latroides. Solenopsis orbula var. latroides Ruzsky, 1905b: 514 (w.) CAUCASUS. Subspecies of latro: Santschi, 1934e: 568. Raised to species: Arnol'di, 1948: 211. Junior synonym of fugax: Arakelian, 1994: 50.
 * orientalis. Solenopsis fugax subsp. orientalis Ruzsky, 1905b: 509, figs. 111, 112 (w.q.m.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of fugax: Karavaiev, 1910b: 49; Karavaiev, 1934: 122. Revived from synonymy: Tarbinsky, 1976: 80. Junior synonym of fugax: Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221.
 * kasalinensis. Solenopsis fugax var. kasalinensis Emery, 1909a: 31 (w.) KAZAKHSTAN. [First available use of Solenopsis fugax subsp. orientalis var. kasalinensis Ruzsky, 1905b: 513; unavailable name.] Junior synonym of fugax: Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221.
 * debilior. Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) fugax var. debilior Santschi, 1934e: 583 (w.q.m.) FRANCE (Corsica). Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990a: 138.
 * furtiva. Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) fugax var. furtiva Santschi, 1934e: 584 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492.
 * pontica. Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) fugax var. pontica Santschi, 1934e: 584, fig. 37 (w.q.m.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of fugax: Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221.
 * scythica. Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) fugax var. scythica Santschi, 1934e: 585 (w.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of fugax: Arakelian, 1994: 50.
 * banyulensis. Solenopsis emeryi subsp. banyulensis Bernard, 1950a: 10 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Raised to species: Bernard, 1967: 177; Bernard, 1978a: 556. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492.
 * duboscqui. Solenopsis duboscqui Bernard, 1950a: 10, figs. 2, 9 (w.m.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * laevithorax. Solenopsis laevithorax Bernard, 1950a: 12, figs. (w.m.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * monticola. Solenopsis monticola Bernard, 1950a: 13, figs. 2, 4, 11 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * nicaeensis. Solenopsis nicaeensis Bernard, 1950a: 11, figs. 2, 5 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492.
 * provincialis. Solenopsis provincialis Bernard, 1950a: 12 (w.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * pygmaea. Solenopsis pygmaea Bernard, 1950a: 15 (w.) FRANCE. Bernard, 1978a: 571 (q.m.). [Junior primary homonym of pygmaea Forel, 1901e: 345.] Replacement name: tertialis Ettershank, 1966: 144.
 * richardi. Solenopsis richardi Bernard, 1950a: 15 (w.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * robusta. Solenopsis robusta Bernard, 1950a: 12 (w.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * rugosa. Solenopsis rugosa Bernard, 1950a: 14 (w.m.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * balachowskyi. Solenopsis balachowskyi Bernard, 1959: 346, fig. 3 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * tertialis. Solenopsis tertialis Ettershank, 1966: 144. Replacement name for pygmaea Bernard, 1950a: 15. [Junior primary homony of pygmaea Forel, 1901e: 345.] Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * avium. Diplorhoptrum avium Bernard, 1978a: 568, fig. 15 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Combination in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 386. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * delta. Diplorhoptrum delta Bernard, 1978a: 565, figs. 8, 13 (w.m.) FRANCE. Combination in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 387. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * insulare. Diplorhoptrum insulare Bernard, 1978a: 569 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Combination in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 388. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.
 * pilosum. Diplorhoptrum pilosum Bernard, 1978a: 562, fig. 1, 15 (w.q.m.) FRANCE. Combination in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 390. Provisional junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493.

Additional References

 * Rigato, F.; Toni, I. 2011. Short notes 21. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Pp. 873-882 in: Nardi, G.; Whitmore, D.; Bardiani, M.; Birtele, D.; Mason, F.; Spada, L.; Cerretti, P. (eds.) 2011. Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5. Sommacampagna, Verona: Cierre Edizioni, 896 pp.