Pseudoponera stigma

Distribution
This taxon was described from South America.

Nomenclature

 *  stigma. Formica stigma Fabricius, 1804: 400 (q.) SOUTH AMERICA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 627 (l.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 55 (l.); Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 520 (m.). Combination in Ponera: Mayr, 1863: 450; in Pachycondyla (Pseudoponera): Emery, 1900c: 314; Emery, 1901a: 46; in Euponera (Pseudoponera): Forel, 1901g: 398; in E. (Trachymesopus): Emery, 1911d: 85; in Trachymesopus: Wilson, 1958d: 355; Kempf, 1960f: 424; in Mesoponera: Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 55; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 310. Senior synonym of americana, quadridentata (and its junior synonym myopa): Emery, 1887b: 434; of brunneus, nixoni, quadridentata, sexdentatus: Wilson, 1958d: 355; of attrita, rufescens: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 519.
 * quadridentata. Ponera quadridentata Smith, F. 1859a: 143 (q.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Roger, 1860: 285 (w.); Emery, 1900c: 314 (m.). Combination in Pachycondyla (Pseudoponera): Emery, 1900c: 314; in Euponera (Trachymesopus): Emery, 1911d: 85. Subspecies of stigma: Emery, 1897d: 552; Karavaiev, 1926d: 419. Senior synonym of myopa: Roger, 1860: 285. Junior synonym of stigma: Emery, 1887b: 434; Wilson, 1958d: 355.
 * myopa. Ponera myopa Roger, 1860: 285 (w.) no locality given. Junior synonym of quadridentata: Roger, 1860: 285.
 * americana. Ponera americana Mayr, 1862: 722 (w.) COLOMBIA. Junior synonym of stigma: Emery, 1887b: 434.
 * attrita. Ponera stigma var. attrita Forel, 1893g: 362 (w.q.m.) ANTILLES. Combination in Pachycondyla (Pseudoponera): Emery, 1901a: 46; in Euponera (Trachymesopus): Emery, 1911d: 85; in Trachymesopus: Kempf, 1972a: 251; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 303. Junior synonym of stigma: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 519.
 * rufescens. Euponera (Trachymesopus) stigma var. rufescens Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 13 (w.q.) HAITI. Combination in Trachymesopus: Kempf, 1972a: 251; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 309. Junior synonym of stigma: Mackay & Mackay, 2010: 519.
 * nixoni. Euponera (Trachymesopus) nixoni Donisthorpe, 1943d: 441 (q.) NEW GUINEA. Donisthorpe, 1948b: 299 (w.). Junior synonym of stigma: Wilson, 1958d: 355.
 * brunneus. Euponera (Trachymesopus) brunneus Donisthorpe, 1948b: 300 (w.q.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of stigma: Wilson, 1958d: 355.
 * sexdentatus. Euponera (Trachymesopus) sexdentatus Donisthorpe, 1949c: 746 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of stigma: Wilson, 1958d: 355.

Additional References

 * Wetterer, J.K. 2012. Worldwide spread of the stigma ant, Pachycondyla stigma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 16:39-44.