Monomorium hiten

Nothing is known about the biology of .

Identification
Terayama (1996) - Separated from the other East Asian congeners by the yellow colored body with a pair of large brown spots on the 1st gastral tergite in worker.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Oriental Region: Vietnam. Palaearctic Region: China, Japan.

Nomenclature

 *  hiten. Monomorium hiten Terayama, 1996: 26, figs. 57-59 (w.q.) JAPAN.

Worker
Holotype. HL 0.35 mm; HW 0.30 mm; SL 0.23 mm; CI 86; SI 77; WL 0.40 mm; PL 0.14 mm; PH 0.14 mm; DPW 0.11 mm; TL 1.4 mm.

Head rectangular, 1.17 x as long as wide, with weakly convex sides and concave posterior margin in frontal view. Mandibles with 3 teeth of which basalmost smallest. Clypeus with a pair of indistinct longitudinal carinae; anterior margin weakly concave. Eyes 0.03 mm in length, each consisting of ca. 12 facets. Antennae with 12 segments; scape short, not reaching the posterior margin of head; terminal segment longer than the preceding 2 segments combined.

Dorsum of promesonotum convex in lateral view; metanotal groove distinct; dorsum of propodeum convex, dorsolateral corner not fornting an angle. Petiole 0.87x as long as high, with broadly rounded ventral margin; node subtriangular with convex dorsal margin. Postpetiole 0.75x as long as high; dorsal width 1.10x dorsal width of petiole.

Entire body smooth and shining. Five pairs of elect hairs present on the dorsum of alitrunk; a pair on the dorsum of both petiole and postpetiole.

Body yellow; 1st gastral tergite with a pair of large brown spots.

Paratypes. Paratype workers show small variation in head length (0.35-0.38 mm) and in head width (0.30-0.32 mm).

Queen
Paratype. HL 0.50 mm; HW 0.45 mm; SL 0.33 mm; CI 90; SI 73; WL 0.93 mm; AW 0.30 mm; PL 0.30 mm; PH0.28mm; DPW0.23mm; TL3.1 mm(n = 1). Eyes 0.13 mm in length.

Head and alitrunk yellow; ground color of gaster yellow; 1st tergite with a pair of large brown spots; 2nd to 4th tergites each with a transverse brown apical band.

Type Material
Holotype. Worker, Yonaguni-jima, Okinawa Pref., II.VIII.I989, H. Takamine leg.

Paratypes. 3 females, 30 workers, same data as holotype.

Etymology
The specific name is the Japanese noun hiten, which means a heavenly maiden in buddhism.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Eguchi K., T. V. Bui, S. Yamane, H. Okido, and K. Ogata. 2004. Ant faunas of Ba Vi and Tam Dao, North Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bull. Inst. Trop. Agr. Kyushu Univ. 27: 77-98.
 * Eguchi K.; Bui T. V.; Yamane S. 2011. Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), part I  Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmecinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61.
 * Fukumoto S., R. Satria, T. Maeda, and S. Yamane. 2014. Ant fauna of Gaja-jima, Tokara Islands, southwestern Japan. Nature of Kagoshima 40: 127131.
 * Guénard B., and R. R. Dunn. 2012. A checklist of the ants of China. Zootaxa 3558: 1-77.
 * Hosoishi S., M. Yoshimura, Y. Kuboki, and K. Ogata. 2007. Ants from Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture. Ari 30: 47-54.
 * Huang Jian-hua, Zhou Shan-yi. 2007. A checklist of family Formicidae of China - Myrmicinae (Part II) (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Journal of Guangxi Normal University : Natural Science Edition 25(1): 91-99.
 * Ogata K. 2005. Asian ant inventory and international networks. Report on Insect inventory Project in Tropic Asia TAIIV: 145-170.
 * Shimono A., and S. Yamane. 2003. Ant species diversity on Okinoerabu-jima, the Ryukyus, southern Japan. For the Establishment of Remote Islands Study (Kagoshima Univ.) 3: 11-29.
 * Terayama M. 1996. Taxonomic studies on the Japanese Formicidae, part 2. Seven genera of Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae and Myrmicinae. Nature & Human Activities 1: 9-32.
 * Terayama M. 2009. A synopsis of the family Formicidae of Taiwan (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Research Bulletin of Kanto Gakuen University. Liberal Arts 17:81-266.
 * Terayama M., S. Kubota, and K. Eguchi. 2014. Encyclopedia of Japanese ants. Asakura Shoten: Tokyo, 278 pp.
 * Terayama Mamoru. 2009. A synopsis of the family Formicidae of Taiwan (Insecta, Hymenoptera). The Research Bulletin of Kanto Gakuen University 17: 81-266.
 * Terayama, M. 2009. A synopsis of the family Formicidae of Taiwan (Insecta; Hymenoptera). The Research Bulletin of Kanto Gakuen University 17: 81-266.
 * Yamane S. 2016. How many species of Ants in Amami Islands? (in Japanese). Part 2, chapter 1 in How many species of Ants in Amami Islands? Pp. 92-132.
 * Yamane S. S. Fukumoto, Y. Maeda, and Y. Sato. 2017. Records of ants from Kakeroma-jima, the Amami Islands, Japan. Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan 71, 131-137.
 * Yamane S., S. Ikudome, and M. Terayama. 1999. Identification guide to the Aculeata of the Nansei Islands, Japan. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press, xii + 831 pp. pp, 138-317.
 * Yamane S., Y. Harada, and K. Eguchi. 2013. Classification and ecology of ants. Natural history of ants in Southern Kyushu. 200 pages
 * Yamane S.; Ikudome, S.; Terayama, M. 1999. Identification guide to the Aculeata of the Nansei Islands, Japan. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press, xii + 831 pp. pp138-317.