Wilson Pheidole 2003



'''Wilson, E. O. 2003. Pheidole in the New World: A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.'''

This important revisionary work was dedicated to the Memory of William Louis Brown (1922-1997). The ad copy from Harvard University Press includes this synopsis of Wilson's superb treatment of the New World Pheidole: "Species of the genus Pheidole are the most abundant and diverse ants of the New World and range from the northern United States to Argentina. In this richly illustrated book, Edward O. Wilson untangles its classification for the first time, characterizing all 625 known species, 341 of which are new to science, and ordering them into 19 species groups. The author's keys and drawings, the latter showing complete body views arranged in the style of field books, allow rapid identification by anyone with an elementary understanding of entomology. In presenting all of Pheidole, the book covers one-fifth of the known ant species of the Western Hemisphere, including many of the commonest forms."

Another taxonomist with a great interest in New World Pheidole is Jack Longino. Here is a comment about this revision and information about the diverse Costa Rican Pheidole fauna (including a species list for that country).

Species ordered by Species Groups
Wilson's species groups, and their constituent species:

aberrans

 * Pheidole aberrans Mayr, 1868
 * Pheidole cavifrons Emery, 1906
 * Pheidole fracticeps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole laticrista Santtschi
 * Pheidole lilloi (Kusnezov) 1952
 * Pheidole longior Santschi, 1933
 * Pheidole minensis Santschi, 1923
 * Pheidole obnixa Forel, 1913
 * Pheidole obscurifrons Santschi, 1925
 * Pheidole subaberrans (Kusnezov) 1952
 * Pheidole taurus Emery, 1906
 * Pheidole weiseri Santschi, 1923

biconstricta

 * Pheidole biconstricta Mayr, 1870
 * Pheidole fissiceps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole inermis Mayr, 1870
 * Pheidole plato Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole simplex Wheeler, 1925
 * Pheidole socrates Forel, 1912

flavens

 * Pheidole ademonia Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole alacris Santschi, 1923
 * Pheidole albipes Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole alticola Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole amabilis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole amazonica Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole angulifera Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole arboricola Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole arhuaca Forel, 1901
 * Pheidole asperithorax Emery, 1894


 * Pheidole beloceps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole bidens Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole bilimeki Mayr, 1870
 * Pheidole boliviana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole borgmeieri Kempf, 1972
 * Pheidole brachyops Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole breviscapa Forel, 1889. Junior synonym of Pheidole perpusilla
 * Pheidole bruchella Forel, 1915


 * Pheidole camilla Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole cardiella Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole carinata Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole casta Wheeler, 1908
 * Pheidole caulicola Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole ceibana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole cerina Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole chalca Wheeler, 1914
 * Pheidole chalcoides Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole charazana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole chloe Forel, 1908
 * Pheidole christopherseni Forel, 1912
 * Pheidole citrina Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole constipata Wheeler, 1908
 * Pheidole crinita Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole daphne Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole darlingtoni Wheeler, 1936
 * Pheidole delicata Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole dentigula Smith, 1927
 * Pheidole dinophila Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole drepanon Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole dryas Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole dumicola Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole ebenina Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole laselva
 * Pheidole ecuadorana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole erratilis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole euryscopa Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole exigua Mayr, 1884
 * Pheidole exquisita Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole flavens Roger, 1863
 * Pheidole flavida Roger, 1863
 * Pheidole flavifrons Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole floricola Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole floridana Emery, 1895
 * Pheidole furtiva Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole geminata Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole gilva Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole glomericeps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole goeldii Forel, 1895
 * Pheidole grex Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole guajirana Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole harlequina Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole harrisonfordi Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole hazenae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole hedlundorum Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole heterothrix Santschi 1923
 * Pheidole hizemops Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole humeralis Wheeler, 1908


 * Pheidole infernalis Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole juniperae Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole kuna Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole laselva Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole lemnisca Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole lignicola Mayr, 1887
 * Pheidole longinoi Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole lucaris Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole lustrata Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole mackayi Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole mallota Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole meinertopsis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole melastomae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole mera Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole metallescens Emery, 1895
 * Pheidole micon Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole micridris Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole microgyna Wheeler, 1928
 * Pheidole mincana Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole boliviana
 * Pheidole minutula Mayr, 1878
 * Pheidole mittermeieri Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole mixteca Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole moerens Wheeler, 1910
 * Pheidole moffetti Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole monteverdensis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole morelosana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole multispina Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole nana Emery, 1894
 * Pheidole nasutoides Hölldobler and Wilson, 1992
 * Pheidole nebulosa Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole neolongiceps Brown 1950
 * Pheidole nigricula Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole nitella Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole nitidicollis Emery, 1896
 * Pheidole nuculiceps Wheeler, 1908


 * Pheidole oaxacana Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole obtusopilosa Mayr, 1887
 * Pheidole olsoni Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole onyx Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole orbica Forel, 1893
 * Pheidole otisi Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole palenquensis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole pariana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole peltastes Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole perkinsi Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole petersoni Wilson 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole erratilis
 * Pheidole pholeops Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole prolixa Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole harrisonfordi''
 * Pheidole protensa Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole pygmaea Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole quadriceps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole quercicola Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole rectiluma Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole bilimeki''
 * Pheidole rectisentis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole rectispina Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole rectitrudis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole renae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole rudigenis Emery, 1906
 * Pheidole ruida Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole harrisonfordi''


 * Pheidole sabella Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole sagana Wheeler,1934. Junior synonym of Pheidole nitidicollis''
 * Pheidole sagittaria Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole scabriventris Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole nebulosa''
 * Pheidole schmalzi Emery, 1894
 * Pheidole scitula Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole boliviana''
 * Pheidole sculptior Forel, 1893
 * Pheidole servilia Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole similigena Wheeler, 1937
 * Pheidole sospes Forel, 1908
 * Pheidole specularis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole stomachosa Wheeler, 1917
 * Pheidole striaticeps Mayr, 1870
 * Pheidole styrax Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole subreticulata Emery, 1894


 * Pheidole tachirana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole tambopatae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole tarchon Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole tayrona Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole sculptior''
 * Pheidole tenebra Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole harrisonfordi''
 * Pheidole tenerescens Wheeler, 1922
 * Pheidole tennantae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole termitobia Forel, 1901
 * Pheidole terresi Wheeler and Mann, 1914
 * Pheidole tetrica Forel, 1913
 * Pheidole tillandsiarum Wheeler, 1934
 * Pheidole tragica Wheeler, 1934
 * Pheidole trinitatis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole tysoni Forel, 1901


 * Pheidole ulothrix Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole umphreyi Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole verricula Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole victima Santschi, 1929
 * Pheidole viriosa Wilson, 2003


 * Pheidole xyston Wilson, 2003

Species ordered by Species Name
An alphabetical list of the species covered in this revision:

A

 * Pheidole aberrans Mayr, 1868
 * Pheidole ademonia Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole alacris Santschi, 1923
 * Pheidole albipes Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole alticola Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole amabilis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole amazonica Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole angulifera Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole arboricola Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole arhuaca Forel, 1901
 * Pheidole asperithorax Emery, 1894

B

 * Pheidole beloceps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole biconstricta Mayr, 1870
 * Pheidole bidens Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole bilimeki Mayr, 1870
 * Pheidole boliviana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole borgmeieri Kempf, 1972
 * Pheidole brachyops Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole breviscapa Forel, 1889. Junior synonym of Pheidole perpusilla
 * Pheidole bruchella Forel, 1915

C

 * Pheidole camilla Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole cardiella Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole carinata Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole casta Wheeler, 1908
 * Pheidole caulicola Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole cavifrons Emery, 1906
 * Pheidole ceibana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole cerina Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole chalca Wheeler, 1914
 * Pheidole chalcoides Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole charazana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole chloe Forel, 1908
 * Pheidole christopherseni Forel, 191
 * Pheidole citrina Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole constipata Wheeler, 1908
 * Pheidole crinita Wilson, 2003

D

 * Pheidole daphne Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole darlingtoni Wheeler, 1936
 * Pheidole delicata Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole dentigula Smith, 1927
 * Pheidole dinophila Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole drepanon Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole dryas Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole dumicola Wilson, 2003

E

 * Pheidole ebenina Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole laselva
 * Pheidole ecuadorana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole erratilis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole euryscopa Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole exigua Mayr, 1884
 * Pheidole exquisita Wilson, 2003

F

 * Pheidole fissiceps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole flavens Roger, 1863
 * Pheidole flavida Roger, 1863
 * Pheidole flavifrons Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole floricola Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole floridana Emery, 1895
 * Pheidole fracticeps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole furtiva Wilson, 2003

G

 * Pheidole geminata Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole gilva Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole glomericeps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole goeldii Forel, 1895
 * Pheidole grex Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole guajirana Wilson, 2003

H

 * Pheidole harlequina Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole harrisonfordi Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole hazenae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole hedlundorum Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole heterothrix Santschi 1923
 * Pheidole hizemops Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole humeralis Wheeler, 1908

I

 * Pheidole inermis Mayr, 1870
 * Pheidole infernalis Wilson, 2003

J

 * Pheidole juniperae Wilson, 2003

K

 * Pheidole kuna Wilson, 2003

L

 * Pheidole laselva Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole laticrista Santtschi
 * Pheidole lemnisca Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole lignicola Mayr, 1887
 * Pheidole lilloi (Kusnezov) 1952
 * Pheidole longinoi Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole longior Santschi, 1933
 * Pheidole lucaris Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole lustrata Wilson, 2003

M

 * Pheidole mackayi Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole mallota Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole meinertopsis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole melastomae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole mera Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole metallescens Emery, 1895
 * Pheidole micon Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole micridris Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole microgyna Wheeler, 1928
 * Pheidole mincana Wilson, 2003 Junior synonym of Pheidole boliviana
 * Pheidole minensis Santschi, 1923
 * Pheidole minutula Mayr, 1878
 * Pheidole mittermeieri Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole mixteca Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole moerens Wheeler, 1910
 * Pheidole moffetti Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole monteverdensis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole morelosana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole multispina Wilson, 2003

N

 * Pheidole nana Emery, 1894
 * Pheidole nasutoides Hölldobler and Wilson, 1992
 * Pheidole nebulosa Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole neolongiceps Brown 1950
 * Pheidole nigricula Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole nitella Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole nitidicollis Emery, 1896
 * Pheidole nuculiceps Wheeler, 1908

O

 * Pheidole oaxacana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole obnixa Forel, 1913
 * Pheidole obscurifrons Santschi, 1925
 * Pheidole obtusopilosa Mayr, 1887
 * Pheidole olsoni Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole onyx Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole orbica Forel, 1893
 * Pheidole otisi Wilson, 2003

P

 * Pheidole palenquensis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole pariana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole peltastes Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole perkinsi Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole petersoni Wilson 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole erratilis
 * Pheidole pholeops Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole plato Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole prolixa Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole harrisonfordi''
 * Pheidole protensa Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole pygmaea Wilson, 2003

Q

 * Pheidole quadriceps Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole quercicola Wilson, 2003

R

 * Pheidole rectiluma Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole bilimeki''
 * Pheidole rectisentis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole rectispina Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole rectitrudis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole renae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole rudigenis Emery, 1906
 * Pheidole ruida Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole harrisonfordi''

S

 * Pheidole sabella Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole sagana Wheeler,1934. Junior synonym of Pheidole nitidicollis''
 * Pheidole sagittaria Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole scabriventris Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole nebulosa''
 * Pheidole schmalzi Emery, 1894
 * Pheidole scitula Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole boliviana''
 * Pheidole sculptior Forel, 1893
 * Pheidole servilia Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole similigena Wheeler, 1937
 * Pheidole simplex Wheeler, 1925
 * Pheidole socrates Forel, 1912
 * Pheidole sospes Forel, 1908
 * Pheidole specularis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole stomachosa Wheeler, 1917
 * Pheidole striaticeps Mayr, 1870
 * Pheidole styrax Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole subaberrans (Kusnezov) 1952
 * Pheidole subreticulata Emery, 1894

T

 * Pheidole tachirana Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole tambopatae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole tarchon Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole taurus Emery, 1906
 * Pheidole tayrona Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole sculptior''
 * Pheidole tenebra Wilson, 2003. Junior synonym of Pheidole harrisonfordi''
 * Pheidole tenerescens Wheeler, 1922
 * Pheidole tennantae Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole termitobia Forel, 1901
 * Pheidole terresi Wheeler and Mann, 1914
 * Pheidole tetrica Forel, 1913
 * Pheidole tillandsiarum Wheeler, 1934
 * Pheidole tragica Wheeler, 1934
 * Pheidole trinitatis Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole tysoni Forel, 1901

U

 * Pheidole ulothrix Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole umphreyi Wilson, 2003

V

 * Pheidole verricula Wilson, 2003
 * Pheidole victima Santschi, 1929
 * Pheidole viriosa Wilson, 2003

W

 * Pheidole weiseri Santschi, 1923

X

 * Pheidole xyston Wilson, 2003