Aphaenogaster finzii

Schifani & Alicata (2019) found workers of A. finzii at two localities in Italy, both northeast-facing slopes of hills characterized by a moist habitats of evergreen oaks, one an open patches in a Quercus ilex forest, among mossy stones, and the other in a Quercus suber forest. Borowiec et al. (2019) found this species to be nocturnal. In Greece, nests were observed under large stones in shaded coniferous and oak forests, between 600 and 840 m a.s.l.

Identification
A member of the Aphaenogaster pallida-group (Borowiec et al., 2019).

Schifani & Alicata (2019) - The original worker description of A. finzii (Müller 1921) and especially the following descriptions of its male and queen (Müller 1923) may be insufficient for the species identification. However, A. finzii is a remarkable species in its appearance, which should not be confused with most of the Italian congeneric species even at first glance when workers are observed. The combination of their very shiny aspect, long mesosoma hairs, mesosoma shape and body proportions (e.g. legs length, short scapes, relatively small eyes) immediately distinguish them as members of the A. pallida group (sensu Boer 2013). Müller (1921) emphasizes also a similarity to Aphaenogaster subterranea (Latreille, 1798), especially regarding the size and shape of the propodeal spines, but members of the A. subterranea group have a much deeper metanotal groove (Alicata & Schifani 2019) in addition to a usually more developed sculpture and shorter hairs on the mesosoma. Among the Italian representatives of the A. pallida group, A. finzii workers can be easily separated from Aphaenogaster pallida (Nylander, 1849), present in Sicily and Southern Italy, due to its lack of propodeal spines, and from Aphaenogaster dulcineae, only present in Liguria, due to their different mesosoma (including shorter spines) and head shape. The shape of mesosoma is an unreliable and misleading character for workers identification in some ant species (e.g. Camponotus lateralis (Olivier, 1792), see Seifert 2018) but proved to be one of the most reliable and easy characters in some recently revised species of Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853 (Alicata & Schifani 2019). Aphaenogaster finzii workers are also distinguished by a larger size and significantly developed, usually horizontal, propodeal spines when compared to most of the similar species of the Balkans (Agosti and Collingwood 1978).

Borowiec et al. (2019) - Aphaenogaster finzii is very similar to Aphaenogaster radchenkoi and was recorded from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece (Peloponnese), NE Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia (Borowiec 2014). Both species are characterised by the presence of distinct propodeal spines. In A. finzii the spines are thorn-shaped, moderately large, with fairly wide bases and thin apices, while in A. radchenkoi they are claw-shaped, large with a very broad base. In order to clarify if these ants are vicariant species or merely represent geographical variation of a single widely distributed taxon, further research examining more samples from the southern Dinaric area and Western Balkan Peninsula are required.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, Serbia.

Nomenclature

 * . Aphaenogaster pallida subsp. finzii Müller, 1921: 47 (w.) CROATIA.
 * Müller, 1923b: 53 (q.m.).
 * Subspecies of pallida: Müller, 1923a: 67 (in key); Müller, 1923b: 53; Finzi, 1930a: 153; Cori & Finzi, 1931: 237; Zimmermann, 1935: 12; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 53.
 * Status as species: Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 53; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 270 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 69; Bračko, 2006: 135; Petrov, 2006: 90 (in key); Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 17; Legakis, 2011: 6; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 464; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 337; Borowiec, L. 2014: 11; Bračko, et al. 2014: 13; Lebas, et al. 2016: 260; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 42.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2012. Ants of Greece - Checklist, comments and new faunistic data (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus 23(4): 461-563.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2017. Ants of the Peloponnese, Greece (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 86: 193-236.
 * Bracko G., H. C. Wagner, A. Schulz, E. Gioahim, J. Maticic, and A. Tratnik. 2014. New investigation and a revised checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Republic of Macedonia. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10(1): 10-24.
 * Bracko, G. 2006. Review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) of Croatia. Acta Entomologica Slovenica 14(2): 131-156.
 * Bracko, G. "Review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Croatia." Acta Entomologica Slovenica Vol 14 st (2006): 131-156.
 * Czechowski W., A. Radchenko, W. Czechowska and K. Vepsäläinen. 2012. The ants of Poland with reference to the myrmecofauna of Europe. Fauna Poloniae 4. Warsaw: Natura Optima Dux Foundation, 1-496 pp
 * Finzi B. 1930. Contributo allo studio degli Aphaenogaster paleartici (Formicidae-Myrmicinae). Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 62: 151-156.
 * Karaman G. S., and M. G. Karaman 2005. Contribution to the knowledge of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Crna Gora (Montenegrao). Natura Montenegrina 5: 91-108.
 * Müller G. 1921. Due nuove formiche della regione Adriatica. Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. Trieste 27(2): 46-49.
 * Müller, G. "Le formiche della Venezia Guilia e della Dalmazia." Bollettino della Società Adriatica di Scienze Naturali in Trieste 28 (1923): 11-180.
 * Petrov I. Z. 2004. A list of currently known ant species (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) of Serbia. Arch. Biol. Sci., Belgrade 56(3-4): 121-125.
 * Petrov I. Z. 2008. Notes on the currently known ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Montenegro. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum 1: 243-254.
 * Petrov I. Z., and C. A. Collingwood. 1992. Survey of the myrmecofauna (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) of Yugoslavia. Archives of Biological Sciences (Belgrade) 44: 79-91.
 * Vesnic A., and R. Skrijelj. 2013. Biodiversity, distribution and variability in species of the genus Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Natura Montenegrina 12(1): 97-107.
 * Zimmermann, S. "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ameisenfauna Süddalmatiens." Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanisch Gesellschaft in Wien 84 (1935): 1-65.