Pheidole specularis

The species occurs in both lowland and montane rainforest, where the colonies nest both in dead wood on the forest floor and in live plant cavities and under epiphytes; workers have been observed attending extrafloral nectarines (Longino 1997).

Identification
See the description in the nomenclature section.

Distribution
Atlantic slope to 1200 m and Pacific lowlands, Costa Rica. (Longino 1997)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

Worker
Minor

Nomenclature

 *  specularis. Pheidole specularis Wilson, 2003: 510, figs. (s.w.) COSTA RICA.

Description
DIAGNOSIS Similar to Pheidole chalca, Pheidole daphne, Pheidole floridana, Pheidole nebulosa, Pheidole quercicola and Pheidole stomachosa, differing as follows. Major: mostly reddish yellow; head in full-face view subrectangular; posterior dorsal profile of head flat, not convex; promesonotal profile raised, semicircular; humeri from above subangular, extending beyond rest of pronotum below and only moderately prominent, along with mesonotal convexity in dorsal-oblique view; propodeal spines robust, more than half as long as the propodeal basal face anterior to them; all of mesosoma and most of dorsal surface of head foveolate and opaque; gaster completely smooth.

Minor: head subrectangular in side view; occiput broad and slightly concave; propodeal spines robust and half as long as propodeal basal face; all of head, mesosoma, and gaster foveolate and opaque; gaster completely smooth and shiny.

MEASUREMENTS (mm) Holotype major: HW 0.82, HL 0.88, SL 0.40, EL 0.10, PW 0.44. Paratype minor: HW 0.44, HL 0.46, SL 0.36, EL 0.10, PW 0.30.

COLOR Major: all of body and appendages medium reddish yellow except for gaster, which is brownish yellow.

Minor: body and mandibles medium reddish yellow, rest of appendages clear medium yellow.



'''Figure. Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.'''

Type Material
COSTA RICA: Arboretum, La Selva Biological Station, near Puerto Viejo, Heredia, col. Stefan Cover.

Etymology
L specularis, of a mirror, alluding to the shiny gaster.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944
 * Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.
 * Longino J. T. L., and M. G. Branstetter. 2018. The truncated bell: an enigmatic but pervasive elevational diversity pattern in Middle American ants. Ecography 41: 1-12.
 * Longino J. T., and R. K. Colwell. 2011. Density compensation, species composition, and richness of ants on a neotropical elevational gradient. Ecosphere 2(3): 16pp.
 * Longino J. et al. ADMAC project. Accessed on March 24th 2017 at https://sites.google.com/site/admacsite/