Cephalotes patei

Cephalotes patei has never collected in its natural environment. Records from the United States are from interception of individuals at plant quarantine stations.

Identification
The only member of the patei clade. Separable at glance from the members of its closest clades by the lack of vertexal denticles and, in particular, from crenaticeps and ecuadorialis by the lack of coloured spots on the gaster of all three female castes and from emeryi by the coloration, brown with lighter frontal carinae instead of uniformly black. (de Andrade and Baroni Urbani 1999)

Distribution
Known only from samples of probable Colombian origin intercepted at U. S. plant quarantine stations.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Colombia.

Nomenclature

 * . Paracryptocerus (Harnedia) patei Kempf, 1951: 235, figs. 151, 153-155 (s.w.q.m.) COLOMBIA (intercetpted in quarantine in New Jersey, U.S.A.).
 * Type-material: holotype worker, 15 paratype workers, 5 paratype queens.
 * Type-locality: holotype Colombia: (no further data; specimens intercepted in quarantine at Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S.A., 10.iv.1946, on imported Cattleya sp. orchids, no. 46-8631); paratypes with same data.
 * [Note: confusion in contents of type-series. On p. 235 Kempf says “Types – worker, soldier”, and specifies the date 10.iv.1946, and collection no. 46-8631; on p. 237 a “soldier (paratype)” is described, but on p. 240 he says “16 workers, 5 females (holotype and paratypes)”, quoting the correct date but omitting the collection number, and with no soldier included. In addition, De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 517, quote the type-series as “paratypes numerous workers, soldiers, gynes and one male”.]
 * Type-depositories: USNM (holotype); MZSP, USNM (paratypes).
 * Combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 387;
 * combination in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 517.
 * Status as species: Kempf, 1972a: 179; Brandão, 1991: 387; Bolton, 1995b: 426; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 517 (redescription); Sandoval-Gómez & Sánchez-Restrepo, 2019: 913.
 * Distribution: Colombia.

Worker
Length 5.7 mm. Median head length 1.41 mm; Weber's length of thorax 1.63 mm. Black; the apex of the funicular segment and the three apical tarsal segments ferrugenous. Tips of mandibles fuscous-ferruginous.

Head subopaque, subquadrate; its maximum length distinctly shorter than the interocular width (65:72). Mandibles rugulose. Frontal carinae with semitransparent, more or less infuscated maculae; the lateral border vestigially crenulate, slightly sinuate and diverging behind, scarcely upturned above the eyes. Occipital angles obliquely truncate, the edges serrate or notched. Eyes small, their greatest diameter less than one fourth of the median head length. Upper surface of head scarcely but evenly convex, finely reticulate-punctate, more sparsely covered with squamiferous foveolae, which are somewhat denser and larger towards the occiput. Vertex without a pair of small denticules. Lower surface of head rather coarsely reticulate-rugose.

Thorax subopaque. Anterior border moderately arcuate. Shoulders subrectangular. Sides of pronotum with a flat, narrow rectangular projecting lamella, the apical border of which is emarginate and bidentate, the posterior border emarginate and converging towards the rectangular, subdentate posterior corner of the pronotum. Promesonotal suture vestigial. Mesonotum with a small denticule on each side. Mesoepinotal suture distinct, slightly impressed. Anterior corner of basal face of epinotum rather obtuse, not sharply rectangular, the sides with a triangular tooth. Declivous face more or less differentiated from the basal face. Dorsum of thorax finely reticulate-punctate, rather densely covered with squamiferous foveolae, the slightly raised intervals between which form a coarse reticule. A few ongitudinal rugae mesad on basal face of epinotum. Declivous face of epinotum, the laterotergite of pronotum and the greater portion of the thoracic pleura coarsely longitudinally striated. Femora not angulate above at the half. Hind basitarsi compressed and somewhat broadened basad.

Peduncolar segments subopaque, the dorsolateral sculpture as on dorsum of thorax. Petiole narrower than postpetiole, its anterior face obliquely truncate, finely reticulate-punctate, subfulgid, without macrosculpture and pilosity. Anterior corners subangulate, the sides with a small, acute tooth. Postpetiole with a slender, acute tooth, arising from the anterior corner. Upper face flat, not bordered by longitudinal ridges.

Gaster short, suboval, subopaque. Strongly convex above. Scarcely emarginate in front mesad, the anterolateral border sharply marginate and crested. Length: depth proportion less than 1.5 (75:55). First gastral tergite finely reticulate-punctate, more coarsely areolate-rugose, each areole containing a shallow squamiferous groove. Sculpture not evanescent discally.

Sides of head, excluding truncate occipital angles, sparsely beset with short, whitish, thick, projecting setulae, which are somewhat longer than those of emeryi. Upper surface of head, thorax, peduncle and gaster with oval, canaliculate scales, shorter than those of emeryi and not as aureate. Strictly silvery on the appendages and the densely scaled areas of the thoracic pleura. Apical borders of gastral tergitcs and sternites with common, sparse, erect pile.

de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 5.40-5.72; HL 1 .34-1.36; HW 1.68-1.72; EL 0.36; PW 1.52-1.60; PeW 0.56-0.64; PpW 0.68-0.72; HBaL 0.60-0.64; HBaW 0.22; CI 125.4-126.5; PI 105.0-113.1; PPeI 237.5-285.7; PPpI 222.2-235.3; HBal 34.4-36.7.

Soldier
Length 7.3 mm. Median head length 1.97 mm; Weber's length of thorax 2.10 mm. Black; the frontal carinae dark rufous brown; tip of last funicular segment and three apical tarsal segments ferruginous.

Head subopaque; surmounted by a circular, flat, completely marginate disc, with an antero-median emargination, exposing the strongly rugose mandibles from above. Anterolateral border of disc crenulate, the median portion of the posterior border strictly truncate, forming a bidentate crest above the perpendicularly truncate occiput. Floor of disc very slightly raised in the middle, just behind the vestigially outlined clypeus, and again less prominently farther behind on the vertex, very shallowly excavate laterad of the anterior convexity where the margins are slightly upturned. Occipital angles blunt, rounded, carinulate. Eyes moderately convex. Lower border of cheeks carinate. Upper surface and sides of head finely reticulate-punctate, coarsely, densely and deeply foveolate. Lower surface of head fulgid, areolate-foveolate.

Thorax subopaque. Shoulder angle scarcely visible from above. Pronotum greatly expanded on each side, the anterior angle acute and subdentate, the posterior angle bluntly rounded. Transverse pronotal crest strong and greatly raised, narrowly interrupted in the middle by a cut-like longitudinal incision. Promesonotal suture distinct. Sides of mesonotum bluntly rounded, the posterior border bisinuate, followed by a deeply impressed metanotal groove. Basal face of epinotum conspicuously transversely convex, with a short broad tooth on the sides and another similar tooth on the posterior corners. Declivous face more than twice as long as the basal face, immarginate laterad. Sculpture as on upper surface of head, the squamiferous foveolae more crowded and smaller. Sides of the thorax coarsely rugose. Legs as in worker. Peduncular segments and gaster similar to those of the worker; the postpetiole and petiole narrower.

Rim of projecting setulae extending around the disc to the posterior border of the eyes. Scales within the foveolae oval, canaliculate, as in worker.

de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 7.60-7.72; HL 2.00; HW 2.32; EL 0.40; PW 2.20-2.28; PeW 0.72-0.76; PpW 0.76-0.80; HBaL 0.72; HBaW 0.26; CI 116.0; PI 101.7-105.5; PPeI 300.0-305.5; PPpl 285.0-289.5; HBal 36.1.

Queen
Length 8.2 mm. Median head length 1.97 mm; Weber's length of thorax 2.39 mm. Resernbling the soldier in color, sculpture pilosity and general structure, with the exception of the peculiarities of the caste and the following details:

Head disc still flatter, the postero-lateral border only faintly marginate, the posterior portion behind the deeply sunken ocelli slightly curved downwards. The posterior border crested as in the soldier. Shoulders obsolete. Transverse pronotal crest distinct, not as strong nor as highly raised as in the soldier, the median interruption broader, not slit-like. The anterior tip of the lateral expansion of the pronotum forming an acute large, triangular tooth. Scutellum longitudinally convex. Basal face of epinotum very short, the lateral and posterior teeth more obtuse. Lower mesopleura with a strong tooth. First gastral tergite longer than the maximum length of the thorax (118:98). Gaster somewhat longer than in soldier. Wings hyaline, the veins brunneus, the stigma fuscous. Fore wing with a closed and appendiculate marginal cell and a transverse cubital vein. The second abscissa of the median vein not much longer than the transverse median vein.

de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 8.96-9.12; HL 2.00-2.04; HW 2.24-2.30; EL 0.41; PW 2.12-2.16; PeW 0.68; PpW 0.77-0.79; HBaL 0.76; HBaW 0.29; CI 112.0-112.7; PI 108.5-108.7; PPeI 331.8-317.6; PPpI 269.3-280.5; HBaI 38.1.

Male
Length 6.4 mm. Median head length 0.9 mm; Weber's length of thorax 2.19 mm. Black; the tip of mandibles, antennae, legs and gaster brunneous.

Head subopaque; transverse. Distance between the eyes longer than the median head length (49:39). Mandibles finely and densely punctate, somewhat rugulose at apex. Chewing border with a strong apical and postapical tooth, and three following minute teeth. Clypeus convex, with a transverse incision, near the posterior border. Front slightly impressed in front of the anterior ocellus. Eyes large, their maximum diameter slightly less than half of the median head length (18:39). Ocelli raised on short sockets. A vestigial crest extending from behind the eye to the bluntly rounded, yet visible occipital angle. Integument finely reticulate-punctate and rugose, the rugae being transverse between the eyes and the rather smooth front, forming a network between the cheeks, the occiput and the lower surface of the head. Scape and first antennal segment glabrous. Length of scape about one half of the second funicular segment.

Thorax subopaque, somewhat similar to that of the female. Pronotum with similarly projecting anterolateral, apically pointed, lobes on each side. Transverse crest inconspicuous, obsolescent towards the sides, ininterrupted mesad. Mayrian furrows deeply impressed in scutum. Epinotum unarmed. Sculpture as on head. The posterior portion of the sides and the epinotum with highly raised, undulating ridges, longitudinal on the sides, more or less transverse on the basal face of the epinotum.

Petiole about as long as wide, anterior face obliquely truncate, sides unarmed. Dorsal and lateral face covered with a network of raised ridges. Postpetiole slightly broader than petiole, with a tubercular tooth on each side, somewhat in front of the half. Sculpture as on petiole, ridges less conspicuous and predominantly longitudinal in direction.

Gaster subfulgid, very finely reticulate. First gastral tergite without erect pile. Head and thorax with abundant, long, flexuose, whitish and erect pile. A thin brush of similar hairs arising from beneath the postpetiole. Setae shorter, stiffer sparser and suberect on the remaining tergites of the gaster and on the sternites. Legs with similar pile, which is sparse and subdecumbent.

Wings short, scarcely projecting beyond the tip of the gaster when folded, hyaline, the veins pale brunneous, the stigma darker. Venation similar to that of female. Second abscissa of median vein subequal in length to the transverse median vein.

Type Material
de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Worker, soldier, gyne, male. Type locality: intercepted in New Jersey on Cattleya (orchids) imported from Colombia. Type material: holotype worker in the U. S. National Museum, not available for the present study; paratypes numerous workers, soldiers, gynes and one male in, and  (examined in part).