Solenopsis fugax

The taxonomy of this and related taxa needs to be fully revised (Rigato & Toni, 2011). Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) found this species in Iran in a Caspian moist littoral area.

The status of most European species of the genus Solenopsis requires extensive revision. Galkowski et al. (2010) redescribed Solenopsis fugax and suggested that four distinct species groups occur in Europe and the Mediterranean region. Samples examined by Borowiec et al. (2022) from Lemnos and Samothraki, characterized by short and sparse hairs on the mesosoma and small gynes, belong to the Solenopsis lusitanica group as proposed by Galkowski et al. (2010).

Identification
Yellow to brownish yellow; sides of head slightly curved. Body and appendages with numerous hairs, head and alitrunk distinctly punctulate but shining. Projecting clypeal teeth short but distinct. Length 1.5-3 mm (Collingwood 1979).

Distribution
Species widespread in Europe; it has been reported also from NW Africa, Anatolia and Central Asia (Rigato & Toni, 2011).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia , Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, North Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Biology
Collingwood (1979) - This species lives in populous colonies often deep in the ground or under large stones and is seldom seen above ground. It is often associated with larger Formica and Lasius species predating on their brood, but nests also occur in isolation. It is mainly predatory and carnivorous but has also been recorded attending root aphids. This ant is aggressive and despite its small size will attack other ants and sting fiercely. Queens and males are very large relative to the workers and are found in August and September with flights occurring on warm days in September.

Nomenclature

 * . Formica fugax Latreille, 1798: 46 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: neotype queen (by designation of Galkowski, et al. 2010: 153).
 * Type-locality: neotype France: 45.0517°N, 1.5372°E, Nespoules-Faugère, 330 m., 25.viii.2008-1 (C. Galkowski).
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 153, also nominate 20 workers, 4 queens, 5 males as “paraneotypes”, a category without status in nomenclature.]
 * Type-depository: MNHN (neotype).
 * Hauschteck, 1961: 221 (k.); Santschi, 1910e: 649 (gynandromorph).
 * Combination in Myrmica: Latreille, 1809: 131; Leach, 1815: 147; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 184;
 * combination in Diplorhoptrum: Mayr, 1855: 450; Mayr, 1861: 73 (in key); Baroni Urbani, 1968a: 63; Kutter, 1977c: 102; Bernard, 1978a: 574; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539; Collingwood, 1979: 64; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 168;
 * combination in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1862: 751; Mayr, 1863: 453; Roger, 1863b: 32; Emery, 1909a: 30; Emery, 1922e: 201; Bernard, 1967: 182; Bolton, 1987: 285; Bolton, 1995b: 387.
 * Status as species: Latreille, 1802c: 265; Walckenaer, 1802: 167; Latreille, 1809: 131; Leach, 1815: 147; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 184; Schilling, 1839: 56; Schenck, 1852: 107; Mayr, 1855: 450 (redescription); Smith, F. 1855b: 127; Nylander, 1856b: 99; Gredler, 1858: 28; Smith, F. 1858a: 283; Smith, F. 1858b: 122; Mayr, 1861: 73 (in key). Mayr, 1862: 751; Roger, 1863b: 32; Mayr, 1863: 453; Emery, 1869b: 22; Mayr, 1870b: 996 (in key); Smith, F. 1871b: 4; Dours, 1873: 170; Forel, 1874: 69 (in key); André, 1874: 200 (in key); Mayr, 1877: 19; Emery, 1878b: 58; Emery & Forel, 1879: 464; Saunders, E. 1880: 221; Mayr, 1880: 39; André, 1881b: 76; André, 1883b: 388 (in key); White, W.F. 1884: 267; Forel, 1886e: clxviii; Cresson, 1887: 262; Forel, 1889: 257; Nasonov, 1889: 39; Saunders, E. 1890: 205; Emery, 1891b: 13; Lameere, 1892: 68; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75; Medina, 1893: 105; Forel, 1894d: 21; Wasmann, 1894: 162; Ruzsky, 1896: 73; Saunders, E. 1896: 41; Ruzsky, 1902d: 31; Ruzsky, 1903b: 308; Forel, 1904b: 372; Ruzsky, 1905b: 507; Forel, 1906c: 190; Wasmann, 1906: 117 (in key); Emery, 1909a: 30; Bondroit, 1910: 498; Karavaiev, 1910b: 49; Santschi, 1910e: 649; Yano, 1910: 419; Forel, 1911d: 339; Forel, 1911e: 268; Ito, T. 1914: 41; Stitz, 1914: 74; Emery, 1914d: 157; Forel, 1915d: 37 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 102; Emery, 1916b: 165; Escherich, 1917: 325; Bondroit, 1918: 144; Menozzi, 1921: 27; Emery, 1922e: 201; Menozzi, 1922b: 327; Soudek, 1922: 25; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1923: 253; Müller, 1923b: 77; Finzi, 1923: 4; Finzi, 1924a: 13; Emery, 1924c: 165; Santschi, 1925g: 348; Schkaff, 1925: 275; Soudek, 1925b: 16; Donisthorpe, 1926a: 8; Karavaiev, 1926c: 163; Menozzi, 1926b: 182; Betrem, 1926: 218; Stärcke, 1926: 84 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1927b: 110; Karavaiev, 1927a: 290; Karavaiev, 1927c: 263 (in key); Karavaiev, 1927d: 335; Kutter, 1927: 99; Lomnicki, 1928: 6; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 43; Wheeler, W.M. 1929f: 7; Finzi, 1930d: 314; Karavaiev, 1930b: 145; Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 68; Cori & Finzi, 1931: 238; Soudek, 1931: 7; Gösswald, 1932: 68; Arnol'di, 1933b: 597 (in key); Finzi, 1933: 164; Menozzi, 1933b: 67; Santschi, 1934e: 582; Karavaiev, 1934: 122 (redescription); Grandi, 1935: 100; Zimmermann, 1935: 27; Santschi, 1936c: 202; Santschi, 1939c: 6; Teranishi, 1940: 12; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 83 (in key); Röszler, 1942a: 52; van Boven, 1947: 172 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1061; Bernard, 1950a: 14; Röszler, 1951: 90; Azuma, 1951: 87; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 167; Consani & Zangheri, 1952: 41; Ceballos, 1956: 305; Collingwood, 1961a: 64; Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 52; Ettershank, 1966: 140; Bernard, 1967: 182 (redescription); Pisarski, 1967: 400; Baroni Urbani, 1968a: 63; Kutter, 1968a: 59; Baroni Urbani, 1969a: 332; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 67; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 85; Collingwood, 1971: 159; Banert & Pisarski, 1972: 349; Baroni Urbani, 1974: 233; Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (in key); Pisarski, 1975: 17; Tarbinsky, 1976: 80; Aktaç, 1977: 122; Kutter, 1977c: 102; van Boven, 1977: 85; Bernard, 1978a: 574 (in key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 539 (in key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (in key); Collingwood, 1979: 64; Onoyama, 1980: 198; Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; Bolton, 1987: 285; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 55; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 273 (in key); Kugler, J. 1988: 258; Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 241; Le Moli & Rosi, 1991: 31; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 168; Arakelian, 1994: 49; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Douwes, 1995: 88; Poldi, et al. 1995: 4; Espadaler, 1997b: 31; Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 18 (in key); Gallé, et al. 1998: 215; Czechowski, et al. 2002: 60; Markó & Csösz, 2002: 115; Karaman, M.G. & Karaman, 2003: 42; Karaman, G.S. & Karaman, 2005: 56; Bračko, 2006: 140; Markó, Sipos, et al. 2006: 70; Petrov, 2006: 95 (in key); Schultz, R. et al. 2006: 203; Bračko, 2007: 18; Seifert, 2007: 216; Radchenko, 2007: 33; Werner & Wiezik, 2007: 140; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007: 232; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 141; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492-493; Vonshak, et al. 2009: 44; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 19; Boer, 2010: 63; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 153 (redescription); Csösz, et al. 2011: 57; Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 52; Legakis, 2011: 15; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 534; Czechowski, et al. 2012: 166; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 53; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 24; Borowiec, L. 2014: 154 (see note in bibliography); Bračko, et al. 2014: 15; Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, 2014: 136; Lebas, et al. 2016: 334; Radchenko, 2016: 180; Steiner, et al. 2017: 16; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 48; Seifert, 2018: 182; Werner, et al. 2018: 7; Bračko, 2019: 172.
 * Senior synonym of avium: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of balachowskyi: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 161; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of banyulensis: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of delta: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of duboscqui: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of flavidula: Mayr, 1855: 450; Smith, F. 1855b: 127; Nylander, 1856b: 99; Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 122; Mayr, 1863: 453; Roger, 1863b: 32; Smith, F. 1871b: 4; Dours, 1873: 170; André, 1874: 204 (in list); Forel, 1874: 100 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75; Ruzsky, 1905b: 507; Forel, 1915d: 37 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 102; Emery, 1922e: 202; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 110; Karavaiev, 1934: 122; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Radchenko, 2007: 33; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of furtiva: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of insulare: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of kasalinensis: Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 242; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of laevithorax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of latroides: Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Arakelian, 1994: 50; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 141; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of monticola: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of nicaeensis: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of orientalis: Karavaiev, 1910b: 49; Emery, 1922e: 202; Karavaiev, 1934: 122; Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 242; Arakelian, 1994: 50; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Schultz, R. et al. 2006: 203; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 141; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of pilosum: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of pontica: Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; Arakelian, 1994: 50; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of provincialis: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 162; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of pygmaea: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of richardi: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 162; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of robusta: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of rugosa: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of scythica: Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Arakelian, 1994: 50; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Senior synonym of tertialis: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * Distribution: Albania, Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia, Britain, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France (+ Corsica), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy (+ Sardinia, Sicily), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (+ Balearics), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine.
 * [Note: distribution based on Borowiec, L. 2014: 154.]
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus cypridis, emesa, furtiva, karaki, tisiphone.
 * avium. Diplorhoptrum avium Bernard, 1978a: 568, fig. 15 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 33 syntype workers, 6 syntype queens, 4 syntype males.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 157, record 37 workers, 6 queens, 6 males.]
 * Type-locality: France: Réserve de Camargue, 9.ix.1974 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Combination in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 386.
 * Status as species: Bolton, 1995b: 386; Borowiec, L. 2014: 152 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 157; Radchenko, 2016: 181.
 * balachowskyi. Solenopsis balachowskyi Bernard, 1959: 346, fig. 3 (w.q.m.) FRANCE (Hyères Is: Port-Cros I.).
 * Type-material: 26 syntype workers, 3 syntype queens, 1 syntype male.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 157, record 10 workers, 3 queens, 1 male, all dated 8.viii.1949.]
 * Type-locality: 10 workers, 3 queens, 1 male France: Var, Hyères Is, Port-Cros I., nr fort de la Vigie, st. 7, 150 m., 8.viii.1949 (F. Bernard), 16 workers Port-Cros I., “various stations on the island (2, 3, 5)” (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 139; Bernard, 1967: 182 (redescription); Bernard, 1978a: 560; Bolton, 1995b: 386; Borowiec, L. 2014: 152 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 161; Radchenko, 2016: 181.
 * banyulensis. Solenopsis emeryi subsp. banyulensis Bernard, 1950a: 10 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 24+ syntype workers, 4 syntype queens, 5 syntype males.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 157, record 5 workers, 2 queens, 1 male, all dated viii.1941.]
 * Type-locality: 14 workers, 4 queens, 1 male France: Pyrénées Orientales, Banyuls, slope between col de Cerris and coast road, 70 m., 27.viii.1941 (F. Bernard), 10 workers, 4 males Banyuls, slope below route de Cerbère, S Cap Rederis, 40 m., 27.viii.1941 (F. Bernard), “numerous workers” Banyuls, summit nr Madeloc Tower, 500 m., v.1941 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Subspecies of emeryi: Ettershank, 1966: 140 (error).
 * Status as species: Bernard, 1959: 349; Bernard, 1967: 177 (redescription); Kutter, 1968a: 59; Bernard, 1978a: 556; Bolton, 1995b: 386; Espadaler, 1997b: 31; Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 51 (error); Borowiec, L. 2014: 152 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * delta. Diplorhoptrum delta Bernard, 1978a: 565, figs. 4C, 8, 13 (w.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 220 syntype workers, 34 syntype males.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 157, record 44 workers, 4 males.]
 * Type-locality: France: Tourvieille, 13 km. N Saintes Maries de la Mer, 15.ix.1973 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Combination in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 387.
 * Status as species: Bolton, 1995b: 387; Borowiec, L. 2014: 153 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 181.
 * duboscqui. Solenopsis duboscqui Bernard, 1950a: 10, figs. 2, 9 (w.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 14+ syntype workers, 9 syntype males.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 157, record 8 workers, 4 males, all dated ix.1941.]
 * Type-locality: 9 workers, 4 males France: Pyrénées Orientales, Banyuls sur Mer, beyond Madeloc Tower, 450 m., ix.1941 (F. Bernard), 5 workers, 5 males S Banyuls, pic Jouan, 400 m., ix.1941 (F. Bernard), “numerous workers” Grotte de Pouade, 170 m., v.1941 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 140; Bernard, 1967: 178 (redescription); Bernard, 1978a: 574 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 387; Espadaler, 1997b: 31; Borowiec, L. 2014: 154 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * flavidula. Myrmica flavidula Nylander, 1849: 43 (w.) RUSSIA (no state data).
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Russia: “Rossia meridionali”, River Don (Motschulski).
 * Type-depository: ZMHF.
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Mayr, 1855: 450; Smith, F. 1855b: 127; Nylander, 1856b: 99; Smith, F. 1858a: 282; Smith, F. 1858b: 122; Mayr, 1863: 453; Roger, 1863b: 32; Smith, F. 1871b: 4; Dours, 1873: 170; André, 1874: 204 (in list); Forel, 1874: 100 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 464; Dalla Torre, 1893: 75; Ruzsky, 1905b: 507; Forel, 1915d: 37 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915d: 102; Emery, 1922e: 202; Donisthorpe, 1927b: 110; Karavaiev, 1934: 122; Bolton, 1995b: 387; Radchenko, 2007: 33; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * furtiva. Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) fugax var. furtiva Santschi, 1934e: 584 (w.q.m.) FRANCE, SWITZERLAND.
 * Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens, syntype males (numbers not stated).
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 157, record 13 workers, 4 queens, 2 males.]
 * Type-locality: France: Haute Garonne, Mt Espiaup (= Mt Espinasse), Val Larboust, 1250 m., 3.x.1929 (de Kerville?).
 * Type-depository: NHMB.
 * Subspecies of fugax: Ettershank, 1966: 141; Bolton, 1995b: 387.
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 157; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * insulare. Diplorhoptrum insulare Bernard, 1978a: 569 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 800 syntype workers, 12 syntype queens, 2 syntype males.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 158, could not find any named type-material in MNHN, but mention some suspected candidates.]
 * Type-locality: France: Var, Hyères Is, Port-Cros I., Parc Nat. de Port-Cros, chemin des crêtes, 10 m., slope 15°E (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN (apparently lost or unidentifiable).
 * Combination in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 388.
 * Status as species: Bolton, 1995b: 388; Borowiec, L. 2014: 155 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 181.
 * kasalinensis. Solenopsis fugax var. kasalinensis Emery, 1909a: 31.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-localities: Kazakhstan: Kazalinsk, 4.v.1901 (Berg), Mie Tyubek, 3.v.1901 (Berg).
 * Type-depository: ZMUM.
 * [Note: Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109, report the syntypes as lost.]
 * [First available use of Solenopsis fugax subsp. orientalis var. kasalinensis Ruzsky, 1905b: 513 (w.) KAZAKHSTAN; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name.]
 * Subspecies of fugax: Emery, 1922e: 202; Santschi, 1934e: 585; Ettershank, 1966: 141.
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 242; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 388; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * laevithorax. Solenopsis laevithorax Bernard, 1950a: 12, figs. (w.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 5 syntype workers, 1 syntype male.
 * [Note: Bernard says other syntypes are stored in alcohol. Galkowski, et al. 2010: 158, record 4 workers, 1 male.]
 * Type-locality: France: Pyrénées Orientales, Banyuls, nr Madeloc Tower, 500 m., ix.1938 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 141; Bernard, 1967: 180 (redescription); Bernard, 1978a: 574 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 388; Espadaler, 1997b: 31; Borowiec, L. 2014: 155 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * latroides. Solenopsis orbula var. latroides Ruzsky, 1905b: 514 (w.) GEORGIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Geogia: Tiflis region (= Tbilisi), nr Mangliz, 26.vii.1900 (Ruzsky).
 * Type-depository: ZMUM.
 * Subspecies of orbula: Ettershank, 1966: 141 (error).
 * Subspecies of latro: Emery, 1922e: 202; Santschi, 1934e: 568.
 * Status as species: Arnol'di, 1948: 211 (in list).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Arakelian, 1994: 50; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 388; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 141; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * monticola. Solenopsis monticola Bernard, 1950a: 13, figs. 2, 4, 11 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 5 syntype workers, 1 syntype queen.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 159, record 3 workers, 1 queen.]
 * Type-locality: France: Hautes Pyrénées, Tramezaygues, margin of Neste d’Aure, 900 m., viii.1942 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 142; Bernard, 1967: 180 (redescription); Kutter, 1968a: 59; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 67; Collingwood, 1978: 82 (in key); Bernard, 1978a: 559; Bolton, 1995b: 389; Espadaler, 1997b: 31; Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 18 (in key); Vonshak, et al. 2009: 44; Borowiec, L. 2014: 156 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * nicaeensis. Solenopsis nicaeensis Bernard, 1950a: 11, figs. 2, 5 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 13 syntype workers, 3 syntype queens, 3 syntype males.
 * [Note: Bernard says other syntypes are stored in alcohol. Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160, record only 1 worker, 1 queen, 1 male.]
 * Type-localities: France: Alpes Maritimes, S Peille, 700 m., 27.viii.1941 (F. Bernard), 10 workers, 4 males Banyuls, slope below route de Cerbère, S Cap Rederis, Le Rastel, 700 m., 15.viii.1948 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 142; Bernard, 1967: 179 (redescription); Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 67; Bernard, 1978a: 574 (in key); Collingwood, 1978: 83 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 389; Espadaler, 1997b: 31; Borowiec, L. 2014: 157 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 492; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * orientalis. Solenopsis fugax subsp. orientalis Ruzsky, 1905b: 509, figs. 111, 112 (w.q.m.) RUSSIA, UKRAINE, GEORGIA, ARMENIA, KHAZAKHSTAN.
 * Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens, syntype males (numbers not stated).
 * Type-locality: Khazakhstan: Baskan river valley, Dzungaria Alatau, 13.viii.1902 (Sanozhnikov) (by restriction of Pisarski, 1967: 400).
 * [Note: Ruzsky, 1905b: 511, provides a long list of syntype localities in European Russia, Siberia, Crimea, the Caucasus and “Turkestan”.]
 * Type-depository: ZMUM.
 * Subspecies of fugax: Emery, 1909a: 32 (footnote); Ruzsky, 1946: 70; Pisarski, 1967: 400; Tarbinsky, 1976: 80 (redescription); Arnol’di & Dlussky, 1978: 539 (in key); Dlussky, 1981a: 17.
 * Status as species: Collingwood & Heatwole, 2000: 8.
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Karavaiev, 1910b: 49; Emery, 1922e: 202; Karavaiev, 1934: 122; Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 242; Arakelian, 1994: 50; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 389; Schultz, R. et al. 2006: 203; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 141; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * pilosum. Diplorhoptrum pilosum Bernard, 1978a: 562, figs. 1, 4D, 9, 15 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: >1500 syntype workers, 5 syntype queens, 6 syntype males.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 159, record 64 workers, 5 queens, 6 males.]
 * Type-locality: France: N Alpes-Maritimes, E Levens (between Levens and Coaraze), vi.1975, and ix.1975 (males 9.ix.1975) (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Combination in Solenopsis: Bolton, 1995b: 390.
 * Status as species: Bolton, 1995b: 390; Borowiec, L. 2014: 158 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 159; Radchenko, 2016: 181.
 * pontica. Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) fugax var. pontica Santschi, 1934e: 584, fig. 37 (w.q.m.) UKRAINE (Crimea), ARMENIA, MOLDOVA, ROMANIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens, syntype males (numbers not stated).
 * Type-localities: Ukraine: Crimea (Karawaiew), Armenia: Erevan (Mejunoff), Romania: Dobruja, Macin (Montandon), Moldova: Val de Berlad (Montandon).
 * Type-depository: NHMB.
 * Subspecies of fugax: Ettershank, 1966: 143.
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985: 221; Arakelian, 1994: 50; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 390; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * provincialis. Solenopsis provincialis Bernard, 1950a: 12 (w.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 7 syntype workers.
 * [Note: Bernard says other syntypes are stored in alcohol. Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160, record only 1 worker, “of which only a fragment of the gaster remains”.]
 * Type-locality: France: Var, Boulouris, nr Saint Raphael, v.1941 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 143; Bernard, 1967: 179 (redescription); Bernard, 1978a: 574 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 390; Borowiec, L. 2014: 158 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 162; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * pygmaea. Solenopsis pygmaea Bernard, 1950a: 15 (w.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 11 syntype workers.
 * [Note: Bernard says other syntypes are stored in alcohol. Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160, record 9 workers.]
 * Type-locality: France: Var, N Saint Raphael, Estérel hills, ca 100 m., x.1941 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Bernard, 1978a: 571 (q.m.).
 * Status as species: Bernard, 1967: 183 (redescription); Bernard, 1978a: 570 (redescription).
 * [Junior primary homonym of Solenopsis pygmaea Forel, 1901e: 345.]
 * Replacement name: Solenopsis tertialis Ettershank, 1966: 144.
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * richardi. Solenopsis richardi Bernard, 1950a: 15 (w.) MONACO.
 * Type-material: 2 syntype workers.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160, record that only a fragment of the gaster of a single specimen remains.]
 * Type-locality: Monaco: Saint Dévote ravine, 2.vii.1902 (Richard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 143; Bernard, 1967: 184 (redescription); Bernard, 1978a: 575 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 390; Borowiec, L. 2014: 158 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 162; Radchenko, 2016: 181.
 * robusta. Solenopsis robusta Bernard, 1950a: 12 (w.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 4 syntype workers.
 * [Note: Bernard says other syntypes are stored in alcohol. Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160, record 12 workers but date them viii.1947, at variance with the published date.]
 * Type-locality: France: Var, Chataigniers de Gonfaron woods, ca 500 m., ix.1946 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 143; Bernard, 1967: 177 (redescription); Bernard, 1978a: 574 (in key); Collingwood, 1978: 83 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 390; Espadaler, 1997b: 31; Borowiec, L. 2014: 158 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Radchenko, 2016: 181.
 * rugosa. Solenopsis rugosa Bernard, 1950a: 14 (w.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: 8 syntype workers, 4 syntype males.
 * [Note: Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160, record 32 workers, 4 males dated iv.1950, which disagrees with the published date (ix.1942); these specimens are certainly not type-material.]
 * Type-locality: France: Pyrénées Orientales, S Banyuls, N face of Pic Jouan, 400 m., ix.1942 (F. Bernard).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 143; Bernard, 1967: 181 (redescription); Bernard, 1978a: 575 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 390; Espadaler, 1997b: 31; Borowiec, L. 2014: 158 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Galkowski, et al. 2010: 160; Radchenko, 2016: 181.
 * scythica. Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) fugax var. scythica Santschi, 1934e: 585 (w.) ARMENIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-localities: Armenia: Alages, and Sedum (Mejunoff).
 * Type-depository: NHMB.
 * [Misspelled as scythia by Ettershank, 1966: 143.]
 * Status as species: Ettershank, 1966: 143.
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Arakelian, 1994: 50; Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994: 109; Bolton, 1995b: 391; Radchenko, 2016: 180.
 * tertialis. Solenopsis tertialis Ettershank, 1966: 144.
 * Replacement name for Solenopsis pygmaea Bernard, 1950a: 15. [Junior primary homonym of Solenopsis pygmaea Forel, 1901e: 345.]
 * Status as species: Bolton, 1995b: 391; Borowiec, L. 2014: 159 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fugax: Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 493; Radchenko, 2016: 181.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Acosta, F. J., M. D. Martínez Ibáñez, and M. A. Morales. "Contribución al conocimiento de la mirmecofauna del encinar peninsular. I." Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología 6 (2) (1983): 379-391.
 * Agosti, D. and C.A. Collingwood. 1987. A provisional list of the Balkan ants (Hym. Formicidae) and a key to the worker caste. I. Synonymic list. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 60: 51-62
 * Aldawood AS, Sharaf MR (2011) Monomorium dryhimi sp. n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the M. monomorium group from Saudi Arabia, with a key to the Arabian Monomorium monomorium-group. ZooKeys 106: 4754. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.106.139
 * Alvarado M., and L. Galle. 2000. Ant assemblages associated with lowland forests in the southern part of the great Hungarian plain. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae 46(2): 79-102.
 * Andoni V. 1977. Kontribut mbi Himenopteret e familjes Formicidae te vendit tone. Buletini I Shkencave te Natyres 31(2): 93-101.
 * AntArea. Accessed on February 5th 2014 at http://antarea.fr/fourmi/
 * Antarea (at www.antarea.fr on June 11th 2017)
 * Antonov I. A. 2013. Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Cities of the Temperate Zone of Eurasia. Russian Journal of Ecology 44(6): 523526.
 * ArtDatabanken Bugs (via GBIG)
 * Babik H. 2010. Tramp species Hypoponera schauinslandi (EMERY) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Poland. Polish Journal of Entomology 79 (3).
 * Baroni Urbani C. 1969. Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. VIII. L'Isola di Giannutri ed alcuni scogli minori dell'arcipelago Toscano. Atti Soc. Toscana Sci. Nat. Mem. Ser. B 75: 325-338.
 * Baroni Urbani C. 1974. Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. XII. Le Isole Pontine. Fragm. Entomol. 9: 225-252.
 * Baroni Urbani C., and C. A. Collingwood. 1976. A Numerical Analysis of the Distribution of British Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 85: 51-91.
 * Baroni Urbani C., and C. A. Collingwood. 1977. The zoogeography of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Northern Europe. Acta Zoologica Fennica 152: 1-34.
 * Baroni Urbani, C. "Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. II. Formiche di Sicilia." Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania (6) 16 (1964): 25-66.
 * Barrett K. E. 1967. Ants in South Brittany. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 79:112-116.
 * Barrett K. E. J. 1968. Ants in western France. Entomologist 101: 153-155.
 * Barrett K. E. J. 1968b. The distribution of ants in central southern England. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 17: 235-250.
 * Barrett K. E. J. 1970. Ants in France, 1968-69. Entomologist 103: 270-274.
 * Baugnee J. Y. 2003. Camponotus piceus (Leach, 1825), fourmi nouvelle pour la faune belge decouverte dans le parc naturel Viroin-Hermeton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin S. R. B. E./K. B. V. E. 139: 219-225.
 * Bernard F. 1959. Les fourmis de l'île de Port-Cros. Contribution à l'écologie des anciennes forêts méditerranéennes. Vie Milieu 9: 340-360.
 * Bernard F. 1960. Fourmis récoltées en Corse par J. Bonfils (1957). Compte Rendu Sommaire des Séances de la Société de Biogéographie 36: 108-114.
 * Bernard F. 1967. Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. 3. Les fourmis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Paris: Masson, 411 pp.
 * Bernard F. 1975. Rapports entre fourmis et vegetation pres des Gorges du Verdon. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nice 2: 57-79.
 * Bernard F. 1976. Écologie des fourmis des grès d'Annot, comparées à celles de la Provence calcaire. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nice 3: 33-54.
 * Bernard F. 1977. Écologie des fourmis du Parc national de Port-Cros. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Écologie Générale (3)36: 53-82.
 * Bernard F. 1978. Fourmis et milieu dans le massif des Maures. Vie et Milieu. Série C. Biologie Terrestre 27: 83-118.
 * Bernard F. 1978. Révision des Diplorhoptrum de France, fourmis plus différenciées par l'écologie que par leurs formes (Hym. Formicidae). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (n.s.) 13: 543-577.
 * Bernard, F. "Notes sur les fourmis de France. II. Peuplement des montagnes méridionales." Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 115 (1950): 1-36.
 * Berville L., M. Renucci, and E. Provost. 2012. Mise en place de protocoles de contrôle de la fourmi dArgentine (Linepithema humile) sur les îles de Port-Cros et de Porquerolles (Var, France). Sci. Rep. Port-Cros natl. Park, 26: 91-108.
 * Bezdecka P. 1996. The ants of Slovakia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomofauna carpathica 8: 108-114.
 * Bigot L. 1959. Complement a l'inventaire de la faune entomologique de la Camargue 93eme note). La Terre et la Vie 106 : 149-157.
 * Blatrix R., C. Lebas, C. Galkowski, P. Wegnez, P. Pimenta, and D. Morichon. 2016. Vegetation cover and elevation drive diversity and composition of ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a Mediterranean ecosystem. – Myrmecological News 22: 119-127.
 * Boer P. 2019. Species list of the Netherlands. Accessed on January 22 2019 at http://www.nlmieren.nl/websitepages/specieslist.html
 * Boer P., W. Dekoninck, A. J. Van Loon, and F. Vankerkhoven. 2003. Lijst van mieren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) van Belgie en Nederland, hun Nederlandse namen en hun voorkomen. Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam) 63: 54-58.
 * Boer P., W. Dekoninck, A. J. van Loon, and F. Vankerkhoven. 2003. Lijst van mieren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) van Belgie en Nederland, hun Nederlandse namen en hun voorkomen. Entomologische Berichten 63(3): 54-57.
 * Boer P., W. Dekoninck, A. J. van Loon, and F. Vankerkhoven. 2003. List of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Belgium and The Netherlands, their status and Dutch vernacular names. Entomologische Berichten 63 (3): 54-58.
 * Bonaric J. C. 1971. Contribution a l'etude systematique et ecologique des formicides du Bas-Languedoc. PhD thesis Universite des sciences et techniques du Languedoc, 175 pages.
 * Bonaric J. C. 1971. Étude systématique et ecologique des fourmis de lHérault (suite). Ann. Soc. Hortic. Hist. Nat. Hérault 111: 119-126.
 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Borowiec L., C. Galkowski, and S. Salata. 2015. What is Tetramorium semilaeve André, 1883? (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 512:39-62.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2012. Ants of Greece - Checklist, comments and new faunistic data (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus 23(4): 461-563.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2015. Pheidole symbioticaWasmann, 1909, an enigmatic supposed social parasite, is a nematodeinfested form of Pheidole pallidula(Nylander, 1849) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Sociobiology 62(2): 181-186.
 * Boven J. K. A. 1947. Liste de détermination des principales espèces de fourmis belges (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 83: 163-190.
 * Bracko G. 2007. Checklist of the ants of Slovenia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Natura Sloveniae 9: 15-24
 * Bracko G., H. C. Wagner, A. Schulz, E. Gioahim, J. Maticic, and A. Tratnik. 2014. New investigation and a revised checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Republic of Macedonia. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10(1): 10-24.
 * Bracko G., K. Kiran, C. Karaman, S. Salata, and L. Borowiec. 2016. Survey of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Greek Thrace. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7945. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7945
 * Bracko, G. 2006. Review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) of Croatia. Acta Entomologica Slovenica 14(2): 131-156.
 * Bracko, G. "Review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Croatia." Acta Entomologica Slovenica Vol 14 st (2006): 131-156.
 * Braschler, B. and B. Baur. 2005. Experimental Small-Scale Grassland Fragmentation Alters Competitive Interactions among Ant Species. Oecologia 143(2):291-300
 * Carpintero, S., A. Tinaut, J. Reyes, and L. Arias. "Estudio faunístico de los formícidos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Parque Nacional de Doñana." Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología 25 (1-2) (2001): 133-152.
 * Casevitz-Weulersse J. 1990. Étude systématique de la myrmécofaune corse (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (Première partie). Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Sect. A Zool. Biol. Écol. Anim. (4) 12: 135-163.
 * Casevitz-Weulersse J. 1992. La myrmecofaune de la reserve naturelle de Scandola, inventaire spécifique (1984/85-1991). Trav. Sci. Parc nat. Res. Nat. Corse, Fr, 36: 85-108.
 * Casevitz-Weulersse J. 2014. A propos des fourmis de la Corse: Plagiolepis delaugerrei n. sp., parasite de Plagiolepis taurica Santschi, 1920 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae). Le bulletin d’Arthropoda 47: 27-33.
 * Casevitz-Weulersse J., and C. Galkowski. 2009. Liste actualisee des Fourmis de France (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 114: 475-510.
 * Casevitz-Weulersse J., and M. Prost. 1991. Fourmis de la Côte-d'Or présentes dans les collections du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Dijon. Bulletin Scientifique de Bourgogne 44: 53-72.
 * Casevitz-Weulersse, J. "Contribution a la connaisance des fourmis de la Corse (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." These de Doctorat Museum Nat (1989): 379pp.
 * Castracani C., D. A. Grasso, A. Fanfani, and A. Mori. 2010. The ant fauna of Castelporziano Presidential Reserve (Rome, Italy) as a model for the analysis of ant community structure in relation to environmental variation in Mediterranean ecosystems. J Insect Conserv 14: 585594.
 * Castracani C., and A. Mori. 2006. The role of permanent grasslands on ant community structure: Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as ecological indicators in the agro-ecosystems of the Taro River Regional Park (Italy). Myrmecologische Nachrichten. 9: 47-54.
 * Cerda X., R. Palacios, and J. Retana. 2009. Ant community structure in Citrus orchards in the Mediterranean basin: impoverishment as a consequence of habitat homogeneity. Environ. Entomol. 38(2): 317-324.
 * Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
 * Cherix D., and S. Higashi. 1979. Distribution verticale des fourmis dans le Jura vaudois et recensement prelimaire des bourdons (Hymenoptera, Formicidae et Apidae). Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat. 356(74): 315-324.
 * Chevrier M., and C. Mouquet C. 2005. Etude des peuplements des invertébrés des dunes de Bretagne. Rapport GRETIA, avenant au Contrat-Nature 2, Conseil Régional de Bretagne, Conseils Généraux des Côtes d'Armor, du Finistère et du Morbihan : 127 p.
 * Colindre L. 2015. Les fourmis en Picardie: bilan 2014 (Hymenoptera/ Formicidae). Entomologiste Picard 26, 15 pages.
 * Collingwood C. A. 1956. Ant hunting in France. Entomologist 89: 106-108.
 * Collingwood C. A. 1971. A synopsis of the Formicidae of north Europe. Entomologist 104: 150-176
 * Collingwood C., and A. Prince. 1998. A guide to ants of continental Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia. Suplemento 5: 1-49.
 * Collingwood C., and H. Heatwole. 2000. Ants from Northwestern China (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Psyche 103 (1-2): 1-24.
 * Collingwood C.A. 1961. New Vice-County Records for British Ants. Entomologist. 73: 90-93
 * Collingwood, C. A. 1958b. A key to the species of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) found in Britain. Trans. Soc. Br. Entomol. 13: 69-96
 * Collingwood, C. A. 1964. The Identification of British Ants (Hym. Formicidae). Transactions of the Society for British Entomology. 16:93-121.
 * Collingwood, C. A., and I. H. H. Yarrow. "A survey of Iberian Formicidae." EOS (Revista española de entomología) 44 (1969): 53-101.
 * Collingwood, C. A. "The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark." Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8 (1979): 1-174.
 * Consani M., and P. Zangheri. 1952. Fauna di Romagna. Imenotteri - Formicidi. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 31: 38-48.
 * Csosz S., B. Marko, K. Kiss, A. Tartally, and L. Galle. 2002. The ant fauna of the Ferto-Hansag National Park (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In: Mahunka, S. (Ed.): The fauna of the Fert?-Hanság National Park. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, pp. 617-629.
 * Csősz S., B. Markó, and L. Gallé. 2001. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Stana Valley (Romania): Evaluation of the effectiveness of a myrmecological survey.  Entomologica Romanica 6 : 121-126.
 * Csősz S., B. Markó, and L. Gallé. 2011. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: an updated checklist. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7: 55-62.
 * Cuní, M. "Excursión entomológica a varias localidades de la provincia de Gerona (Cataluña)." Anales de la Sociedad española de Historia Natural (1885): 51.
 * Czechowski W., A. Radchenko, W. Czechowska and K. Vepsäläinen. 2012. The ants of Poland with reference to the myrmecofauna of Europe. Fauna Poloniae 4. Warsaw: Natura Optima Dux Foundation, 1-496 pp
 * De Stefani T. 1889. Miscellanea imenotterologica sicula. Nat. Sicil. 8: 140-145.
 * Della Santa E. 1994. Guide pour l'identification des principales espèces de fourmis de Suisse. Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 3: 1-124.
 * Della Santa E. 1995. Fourmis de Provence. Faune Provence 16: 5-37.
 * Dlussky G. M., O. S. Soyunov, and S. I. Zabelin. 1990. Ants of Turkmenistan. Ashkabad: Ylym Press, 273 pp.
 * Donisthorpe H. 1914. Myrmecophilous notes for 1913. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 26: 37-45.
 * Donisthorpe, H. "A first instalment of the ants of Turkey." Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12)3 (1950): 1057-1067.
 * Du Merle P. 1978. Les peuplements de fourmis et les peuplements d'acridiens du Mont Ventoux II. - Les peuplements de fourmis. Terre Vie 32(1): 161-218.
 * Dubovikoff D. A., and Z. M. Yusupov. 2018. Family Formicidae - Ants. In Belokobylskij S. A. and A. S. Lelej: Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Proceedingss of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 6: 197-210.
 * Dvorak, L., P. BOGUSCH, I. MALENOVSKÝ, P. BEZDÌÈKA, K. BEZDÌÈKOVÁ, K. HOLÝ, P. LIKA, J. MACEK, L. ROLLER, M. RÍHA et al. "Hymenoptera of Hády Hill, near the city of Brno (Czech Republic), collected during the Third Czech-Slovak Hymenoptera meeting." Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 93 (2008): 53-92.
 * Eidmann, H. "Die Ameisenfauna der Balearen." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere 6 (1926): 694-742.
 * Eidmann, H. "Zur Kenntnis der Insektekfauna der Balearischen Inseln." Entomologische Mitteilungen 16 (1927): 24-37.
 * Emery C. 1875. Le formiche ipogee con descrizioni di specie nuove o poco note. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 7: 465-474.
 * Emery C. 1897. Anhang. Verzeichniss der auf der zweiten Reise nach Kleinasien (1897) gesammelten Ameisen, mit einer Neubeschreibung. P. 239 in: Escherich, K. 1897. Zur Kenntniss der Myrmecophilen Kleinasiens. I. Coleoptera. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 16: 229-239.
 * Emery C. 1914. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Bearbeitung von O. Leonhard's Sammlungen. 5. Südeuropäische Ameisen (Hym.). Entomologische Mitteilungen. Berlin-Dahlem 3: 156-159.
 * Emery, C. "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der palaearktischen Ameisen." Öfversigt af Finska Vetenskaps-Societetens Förhandlingar (Helsinki) 20 (1898): 124-151.
 * Emery, C. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte seconda. Formiche dell'Europa e delle regioni limitrofe in Africa e in Asia." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 12 (1878): 43-59.
 * Espadaler, X., and L. Lopez Soria. "Rareness of certain Mediterranean ant species: fact or artifact?" Insectes Sociaux 38 (1991): 365-377.
 * Espadaler, X. "Formicidos de las sierras de Cazorla, del Pozo y Segura (Jaén, España)." Ecología 11 (1997): 489-499.
 * Espadaler, X. "Formícidos de los alrededores de la laguna de Sariñena (Huesca). Descripción del macho de Camponotus foreli Emery." Colección Estudios Altoaragoneses 6 (1986): 109-126.
 * Ettershank G. 1966. A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Aust. J. Zool. 14: 73-171.
 * Finzi, B. "Formiche dell'isola d'Elba e Monte Argentario." Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 56 (1924): 12-15.
 * Finzi, B. "Raccolte entomologiche nell'Isola di Capraia fatte da C. Mancini e F. Capra (1927-1931). II. Formicidae." Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 11 (1933): 162-165.
 * Forel A. 1890. Fourmis de Tunisie et de l'Algérie orientale. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 34: lxi-lxxvi.
 * Forel A. 1892. Die Ameisenfauna Bulgariens. (Nebst biologischen Beobachtungen.). 305-318.
 * Forel A. 1904. Note sur les fourmis du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences à St. Pétersbourg. Ezheg. Zool. Muz. 8: 368-388.
 * Forel A. 1906. Fourmis d'Asie mineure et de la Dobrudscha récoltées par M. le Dr. Oscar Vogt et Mme Cécile Vogt, Dr. méd. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 50: 187-190.
 * Forel A. 1911. Fourmis nouvelles ou intéressantes. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 47: 331-400.
 * Forel, A. "Ameisen aus den Sporaden, den Cykladen und Griechenland, gesammelt 1887 von Herrn von Oertzen." Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 32 (1889): 255-265.
 * Forel, A. "Nouvelles fourmis de Grèce récoltées par M. E. von Oertzen." Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 30 (1886): clix-clxviii.
 * Formidabel Database
 * Francois J. 1958. Contribution a l'etude ecologique des Formicides (Insectes, Hymenopteres) de la region Dijonnaise. Travaux du laboratoire de Zoologie et de la Station Aquicole Grimaldi de la Faculte des Sciences de Dijon 25, 39 pages.
 * GRETIA. 2017. Bilan annuel de l'enquete sur la repartition des fourmis armoricaines. 23 pages.
 * Gadeau de Kerville H. 1922. Materiaux pour la Faune des Hymenopteres de la Normandie. Bull. Soc. Amis Sc. Nat. Rouen 1916-1921, 1922: 217-225.
 * Galkowski C. 2011. Une liste des fourmis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) récoltées dans la région de Grasse, avec la mention dune nouvelle espèce de la faune de France. Bulletin de la Société linnéenne de Provence, 62 : 41-44.
 * Galkowski C. 2013. Nouvelles données sur la répartition de Strongylognathus huberi Forel, 1874 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) en France. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux (n.s.) 41: 167-174.
 * Galkowski C., J. Casevitz-Weulersse, and H. Cagniant. 2010. Redescription de Solenopsis fugax (Latreille, 1798) et notes sur les Solenopsis de France [ Hymenoptera, Formicidae ]. Revue Française d'Entomologie (Nouvelle Série) 32(3-4): 151-163.
 * Galkowski C., and C. Foin. 2013. Nouvelles données sur la répartition de Strongylognathus huberi Forel, 1874 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) en France. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux (n.s.) 41: 167-174.
 * Galle L. 1972. Study of ant-populations in various grassland ecosystems. Acta Biologica Szeged 18(1-4): 159-164.
 * Galle L. 1981. The Formicoid fauna of the Hortobagy. Pp. 307-311 in: Mahunka, S. (ed.) 1981. The fauna of the Hortobágy National Park. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 415 pp.
 * Galle L. 1997. Contribution to the ant fauna of Slovenia with special reference to the submediterranean and eudinaric regions. Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean studies 11: 209-214.
 * Gallé L., B. Markó, K. Kiss, E. Kovács, H. Dürgő, K. Kőváry, and S. Csősz. 2005. Ant fauna of Tisza river basin (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).  In: Gallé, L. (szerk.): Vegetation and Fauna of Tisza River Basin I. Tiscia Monograph Series 7; Szeged, pp. 149-197.
 * Gaspar C. 1968. Les fourmis de la Drome et des Basses-Alpes, en France (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Naturaliste can. 95: 747-766.
 * Gaspare Charles. 1965. Étude myrmécologique d'une région naturelle de Belgique: la Famenne Survey des Fourmis de la Région (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Institut agronomique de l'Etat a' Gembloux. 32(4): 427-434.
 * Ghahari H., and C. A. Collingwood. 2013. A study on the ants (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Formicidae) from Western Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 48 (1): 155164.
 * Glaser F. 2009. Die Ameisen des Fürstentums Liechtenstein. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Amtlicher Lehrmittelverlag, Vaduz, 2009 (Naturkundliche Forschung im Fürstentum Liechtenstein; Bd. 26).
 * Glaser F., T. Kopf, and K. H. Steiberger. 2003. Ameisen (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) im Frastanzer Ried und den Illauen (Vorarlberg, Österreich) Artenspektrum, Gefährdung und Schutzempfehlungen. Vorarlberger Naturschau 13: 287-310.
 * Goetsch, W. "Beiträge zur Biologie spanischer Ameisen." EOS (Revista española de entomología) 18 (1942): 175-241.
 * Gomez C., D. Casellas, J. Oliveras, and J. M. Bas. 2003. Structure of ground-foraging ant assemblages in relation to land-use change in the northwestern Mediterranean region. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 21352146.
 * Gomez, C., P. Pons and J.M. Bas. 2003. Effects of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile on Seed Dispersal and Seedling Emergence of Rhamnus alaternus. Ecography 26(4):532-538
 * Gouraud C. 2015. Bilan de l’année 2014 : Atlas des fourmis de Loire-Atlantique (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Atlas des Formicidae de Loire-Atlantique, compte rendu de la première année d’étude (2014)
 * Grandi G. 1935. Contributi alla conoscenza degli Imenotteri Aculeati. XV. Boll. R. Ist. Entomol. Univ. Studi Bologna 8: 27-121.
 * Gratiashvili N., Barjadze S. 2008. Checklist of the ants (Formicidae Latreille, 1809) of Georgia. Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology (Tbilisi) 23: 130-146.
 * Groc S., J. H. C. Delabie, R. Cereghino, J. Orivel, F. Jaladeau, J. Grangier, C. S. F. Mariano, and A. Dejean. 2007. Ant species diversity in the Grands Causses (Aveyron, France): In search of sampling methods adapted to temperate climates. C. R. Biologies 330: 913922.
 * Guénard B., and R. R. Dunn. 2012. A checklist of the ants of China. Zootaxa 3558: 1-77.
 * Hayashida K. 1957. Ecological distribution of ants in Sapporo and vicinity. (Preliminary report.). Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series VI. Zoology 13:173-177.
 * Holgersen H. 1944. The ants of Norway (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Nytt Magasin for Naturvidenskapene 84: 165-203.
 * Hua Li-zhong. 2006. List of Chinese insects Vol. IV. Pages 262-273. Sun Yat-sen university Press, Guangzhou. 539 pages.
 * Ito T. 1914. Formicidarum japonicarum species novae vel minus cognitae. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 58: 40-45
 * Jeffery H. G. 1931. The Formicidae (or ants) of the Isle of Wight. Proceedings of the Isle of Wight Natural History and Archaeological Society 2: 125-128.
 * Kanizsai O., R. Gallé, and L. Gallé. 2009. Perception of spatial patchiness by ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Tiscia 37: 3-7.
 * Karaman C., K. Kiran, and V. Aksoy. 2014. New records of the genus Strumigenys Smith, 1860 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Black Sea region of Turkey. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 15(2): 59-63.
 * Karaman M. G. 2009. An introduction to the ant fauna of Macedonia (Balkan Peninsula), a check list (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Natura Montenegrina 8(3): 151-162.
 * Karaman M. G. 2011. A catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Montenegro. Podgorica: Catalogues 3, Volume 2, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, 140 pp.
 * Karaman M. G., and G. S. Karaman. 2003. Contribution to the knowledge of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Serbia. The Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. Glasnik of the Section of Natural Sciences 15: 39-58.
 * Karavaiev V. 1926. Beiträge zur Ameisenfauna des Kaukasus, nebst einigen Bemerkungen über andere palaearktische Formen. (Fortsetzung). Konowia 5: 161-169.
 * Karavaiev V. 1927. Übersicht der Ameisenfauna der Krim nebst einigen Neubeschreibungen. Konowia 5: 281-303.
 * Kim B.J. 1996. Synonymic list and distribution of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) in Korea. Entomological Research Bulletin Supplement 169-196.
 * Kim B.J.; Kim, K.G.; Lim, K.H. 1993. Systematic study of ants from Chejudo province. Korean Journal of Entomology 23: 117-75
 * Kim B.J.; Kim, K.G.; Lim, K.H. 1993. Systematic study of ants from Chejudo province. Korean Journal of Entomology 23: 117-76
 * Kim et al. 1993. Systematic study of ants from Chejudo Province. Koran Journal of Entomology 23(3): 117-141.
 * Kiran K. C. Karaman, A. Lapeva-Gjonova, and V. Aksoy. 2017. Two new species of the "ultimate" parasitic ant genus Teleutomyrmex KUTTER, 1950 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Western Palaearctic. Myrmecological News 25: 145-155.
 * Kiran K., and C. Karaman. 2012. First annotated checklist of the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 3548: 1-38.
 * Kiran K., and N. Aktac. 2006. The vertical distribution of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Samanh Mountains, Turkey. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 38(2): 1105-1122.
 * Kofler A. 1995. Nachtrag zur Ameisenfauna Osttirols (Tirol, Österreich) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten 1: 14-25.
 * Kondoh M. 1961. Ants from Hakone region. Hakone Hakubutsu 1:16-27.
 * Korlevic, A. "Prilozi fauni hrvatskih opnokrilaca." Glasn. Hrv. Narav. Dr. 5 (1890): 189-250.
 * Kratochvíl J., V. Novák, and J. Snoflák. 1944. Mohelno. Soubor práci venoványch studiu vyznamne památky prírodní. 5. Hymenoptera - Aculeata. Formicidae - Apidae - Vespidae. Arch. Svazu Ochr. Prír. Domov. Moravé 6: 1-155.
 * Kugler J. 1988. The zoogeography of Israel. 9. The zoogeography of social insects of Israel and Sinai. Monographiae biologicae 62: 251-275.
 * Kuznetsov G. T. 1990. Comparative analysis of Hymenoptera (Formicidae) population on altitudinal zones of central Kopetdag. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR. Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 1990(3): 64-67.
 * Lameere A. 1892. Note sur les fourmis de la Belgique. Annales dr la Société Entomologique de Belgique 36: 61-69.
 * Lapeva-Gjonova, L., V. Antonova, A. G. Radchenko, and M. Atanasova. "Catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria." ZooKeys 62 (2010): 1-124.
 * Lebas C., C. Galkowski, P. Wegnez, X. Espadaler, and R. Blatrix. 2015. The exceptional diversity of ants on mount Coronat (Pyrénées-Orientales), and Temnothorax gredosi(Hymenoptera, Formicidae) new to France. R.A.R.E., T. XXIV (1): 24  33
 * Legakis A. 1983. Aspects of the distribution of ants in an insular mediterranean ecosystem (Cyclades Is., Greece) Rapports et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions de la Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Méditerranée. Monaco 28: 121-122.
 * Legakis A. 1989. Aspects of the distribution of ants in an insular mediterranean ecosystem (Cyclades Isl., Greece). Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol. 26 (3): 363-369.
 * Legakis Collection Database
 * Lenoir A. 1971. Les fourmis de Touraine, leur intérêt biogéographique. Cahiers des Naturalistes 27: 21-30.
 * Li Z.h. 2006. List of Chinese Insects. Volume 4. Sun Yat-sen University Press
 * Livory A. 2003. Les fourmis de la Manche. L'Argiope 39: 25-49.
 * Livory A. Un Nouvel Inventaire: les Fourmis. Argiope 29: 27-34.
 * Lomnicki J. 1928. Spis mrówek Lwowa i okolicy. Ksiegi Pamiatkowej (Lecia Gimn. IV Jana Dlugosza Lwowie) 50: 1-10.
 * Lorinczi G. 2011. Lasius (Chthonolasius) nitidigaster Seifert, 1996 -a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for the Hungarian fauna. Natura Somogyiensis 19: 223-228.
 * Majzlan O., and P. Devan. 2009. Selected insect groups (Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Raphidioptera) of the Rokoš Massif (Strážovské vrchy Mts.). Rosalia (Nitra), 20, p. 63–70.
 * Marikovsky P. I. 1979. Ants of the Semireche Desert. [In Russian.]. Alma Ata: Nauka, 263 pp.
 * Marko B. 1999. Contribution to the knowledge of the myrmecofauna of the River Somes valley. In: Sárkány-Kiss, A., Hamar, J. (szerk.): The Somes/Szamos River Valley. A study of the geography, hydrobiology and ecology of the river system and its environment. Tiscia Monograph Series 3, Szolnok-Szeged-Tîrgu Mure?, pp. 297-302.
 * Marko B. 2008. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Sand Dunes of Foieni Protected Area and Its Surroundings (Satu Mare County, Romania), and a New Species for the Romanian Fauna. Acta Scientiarum Transylvanica 16(3): 87-99.
 * Markó B. 1997. Contribution to the Knowledge of the Ant-Fauna (Hymenoptera: Fromicoidea) of the Cri?ul-Repede River-Valley. In: Sárkány-Kiss, A., Hamar, J. (szerk.): The Cri?/Körös Rivers' Valleys. A study of the geography, hydrobiology and ecology of the river system and its environment. Tiscia Monograph Series 2, Szolnok-Szeged-Tîrgu Mure?, pp. 345-352.
 * Markó B., B. Sipos, S. Csősz, K. Kiss, I. Boros, and L. Gallé. 2006. A comprehensive list of the ants of Romania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten 9: 65-76.
 * Markó B., and S. Csősz. 2002. Die europäischen Ameisenarten (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) des Hermannstädter (Sibiu, Rumänien) Naturkundemuseums I.: Unterfamilien Ponerinae, Myrmicinae und Dolichoderinae. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 94: 109-121.
 * Menozzi C. 1918. Primo contributo alla conoscenza della fauna mirmecologica del Modenese. Atti della Società dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena. (5)4: 81-88.
 * Menozzi, C. "Zur Kenntnis der Ameisenfauna der Balearen." Zoologischer Anzeiger 66 (1926): 180-182.
 * Meyer M., C. Braunert, R. Gerend, and I. Schrankel. 2003. Résultats de l'excursion annuelle du groupe de travail entomologique de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois. Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 103: 103-120.
 * Müller, G. "Le formiche della Venezia Guilia e della Dalmazia." Bollettino della Società Adriatica di Scienze Naturali in Trieste 28 (1923): 11-180.
 * Nagy C., A. Tartally, F. Villisics, O. Merkl, E. Szita, A. Podlussany, D. Redei, S. Csosz, G. Pozgai, A. Orosz, G. Szovenyi, and V. Marko. 2009. Effects of the invasive garden ant, Lasius neglectus VAN LOON, BOOMSMA & ANDRÁS-FALVY, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on arthropod assemblages: pattern analyses in the type supercolony. Myrmecological News 12: 171-181.
 * Neumeyer R., and B. Seifert. 2005. Commented check list of free living ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species of Switzerland. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique Suisse 78: 1-17.
 * Nicoli Aldini R., Anaclerio M., and P. Cravedi. 2014. Ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae) and the food industry: observations in factory premises in central Italy. Redia 17: 195-199.
 * Nielsen M. G. 2011. A check list of Danish ants and proposed common names. Ent. Meddr. 79: 13-18.
 * Nylander, W. "Synopsis des Formicides de France et d'Algérie." Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie (4)5 (1856): 51-109.
 * Ortiz, F. J. "Formícidos del litoral granadino." Memoria de Licenciatura Universida (1985): 206 pp.
 * Paraschivescu D. 1972. Fauna mirmecologica din zonele saline ale Romaniei. Studii si Cercetari de Biologie. Seria Zoologie 24: 489-495.
 * Paraschivescu D. 1978. Elemente balcanice in mirmecofauna R. S. Romania. Nymphaea 6: 463- 474.
 * Pardo, X., J. Tormos, and A. Sendra. "Mirmecofauna de les Suredes valencianes." Miscellanea Zoologica 9 (1986): 251-256.
 * Park S.J., K.G. Kim, J.H. Kim, and B.J. Kim. 1998. Ants from the Seoraksan National Park. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 14(4): 429-439.
 * Park S.J., and B.J. Kim. 2002. Faunal comparison of ants among Cheongsando and other islands of South Sea in Korea. Korean Journal of Entomology 32(1): 7-12.
 * Park, Seong, Joon and Byung, and Kim, Jin. 2002. Faunal Comparison of Ants among Cheongsando and Other Islands of South Sea in Korea. Korean Jornal of Entomology. 32(1):7-12.
 * Pashaei Rad S., B. Taylor, R. Torabi, E. Aram, G. Abolfathi, R. Afshari, F. Borjali, M. Ghatei, F. Hediary, F. Jazini, V. Heidary Kiah, Z. Mahmoudi, F. Safariyan, and M. Seiri. 2018. Further records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 64(2): 145-159.
 * Passera L. 1967. Peuplement en fourmis terricoles du rebord Meridional des Causses jurassiques du Quercy: la lande calcaire a buis. Vie et milieu. Serie C, Biologie terrestre 18(1): 189-205.
 * Pekar, S. 2004. Predatory Behavior of Two European Ant-Eating Spiders (Araneae, Zodariidae). Journal of Arachnology 32(1): 31-41
 * Petal J. M. 1967. Contribution a la connaissance des fourmis (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) de la region de Lublin. VII. Associations des fourmis des milieux de tourbieres, de forets et de dunes aux environs de Libiszow (dist. De Parczew). Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Lublin-Polonia 22(9): 117-130.
 * Petrov I. 2010. Contribution to the myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of some parts of the Adriatic coast and some islands in Croatia. Acta Entomologica Serbica 15(2): 269-272
 * Petrov I. Z. 1986. Contribution to myrmecofauna in some oak-tree communities on the mountain Jastrebac. Prirodnjackog Muzeja i Beogradu Seriya B Bioloske Nauke Supplement: No. 41: 109-114.
 * Petrov I. Z. 2002. Contribution to the myrmecofauna (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) of the Banat Province (Serbia). Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 54(12): 57-64.
 * Petrov I. Z., and C. A. Collingwood. 1992. Survey of the myrmecofauna (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) of Yugoslavia. Archives of Biological Sciences (Belgrade) 44: 79-91.
 * Pisarski B. 1964. Fauna Mrowek Afganistanu. Bibliogr. k. 160-166, Nieoprawiony maszynopis pracy, Praca doktorska. Instytut Zoologiczny PAN, 1964, Bibliogr. p. 160-166
 * Pisarski B. 1967. Fourmis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) d'Afghanistan récoltées par M. Dr. K. Lindberg. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 24: 375-425.
 * Pisarski B. 1982. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea) of Warsaw and Mazovia. Memorabilia Zool. 36: 73-90.
 * Poldi B. 1980. Imenotteri formicidi della Brughiera di Rovasenda (Piemonte). In: Poldi, B. 1980. Quaderni sulla "Struttura delle zoocenosi terrestri". 1. La brughiera pedemontana. III. Serie AQ/1/110. Collana del programma finalizzato "Promozione della qualità dell'ambiente". Roma: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, pp. 7-19.
 * Poldi B., M. Mei, and F. Rigato. 1995. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Vol 102. Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana: 1-10.
 * Pusvaskyte O. 1979. Myrmecofauna of the Lituanian SSR. Acta Entomologica Lituanica 4: 99-105.
 * Reznikova Z. I. 2003. Distribution patterns of ants in different natural zones and landscapes in Kazakhstan and West Siberia along a meridian trend. Euroasian Entomological Journal 2(4): 235-342.
 * Rigato S., and I. Toni. 2011. Short notes 21. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Pp. 873-882 in: Nardi, G.; Whitmore, D.; Bardiani, M.; Birtele, D.; Mason, F.; Spada, L.; Cerretti, P. (eds.) 2011. Biodiversity of Marganai and Montimannu (Sardinia). Research in the framework of the ICP Forests network. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 5. Sommacampagna, Verona: Cierre Edizioni, 896 pp.
 * Salata S., and L. Borowiec. 2018. Taxonomic and faunistic notes on Greek ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 27: 1-51.
 * Sanchez-Gil Jimeno R., and J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2016. Study of ants species of the Sierra de San Carlos del Valle (Ciudad Real) and updating the provincial check list (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 40 (1-2): 93-109.
 * Santschi F. 1925. Fourmis d'Espagne et autres espÃ©ces palÃ©artiques EOS (Revista espaÃ±ola de entomologÃ­a) 1: 339-360.
 * Santschi F. 1934. Contribution aux Solenopsis paléarctiques. Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 41: 565-592.
 * Santschi, F. "Inventa entomologica itineris Hispanici et Maroccani, quod a. 1926 fecerunt Harald et Håkan Lindberg. Fourmis du Bassin Méditerranéen occidental et du Maroc récoltées par MM. Lindberg." Societas Scientiarum Fennica (Helsingfors) 3 (14) (1931): 1-13.
 * Santschi, F. "Trois notes sur quelques fourmis du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique." Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 15 (1939): 1-15.
 * Saunders, E. "Aculeate Hymenoptera collected by J. J. Walker, at Gibraltar and in North Africa. (Part I - Heterogyna)." Entomologists' Monthly Magazine XXVI (1890): 201-206 y 289-291.
 * Schlick-Steiner B. C., and F. M. Steiner. 1999. Faunistisch-ökologische Untersuchungen an den freilebenden Ameisen (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Wiens. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 3: 9-53.
 * Schultz, R., A. G. Radchenko, and B. Seifert. "A critical checklist of the ants of Kyrgyzstan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8 (2006): 201-207.
 * Scupola A., and R. Poggi. 2014. Ricerche zoologiche della nave oceanografica "minerva" (C.N.R.) sulle isole circumsarde. XXXIII. Formiche. Estratto dagli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” 106: 93-131.
 * Scupola I. 2009. Le formiche delle Isole Egadi (Sicilia) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona Botanica Zoologia 33: 97-103
 * Seifert B. 1994. Die freilebenden Ameisenarten Deutschlands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) und Angaben zu deren Taxonomie und Verbreitung. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 67(3): 1-44.
 * Seifert B. 1998. Rote Liste der Ameisen. - in: M. Binot, R. Bless, P. Boye, H. Gruttke und P. Pretscher: Rote Liste gefährdeter Tiere Deutschlands. Bonn-Bad Godesberg 1998: 130-133.
 * Sellier Y., C. Galkowski, C. Lebas, and P. Wegnez. 2016. Découverte de Temnothorax pardoi (Tinaut, 1987) dans la réserve naturelle nationale du Pinail (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Revue de l’Association Roussillonnaise d’Entomologie 25(2): 106-113.
 * Slipinski P., M. Zmihorski, and W. Czechowski. 2012. Species diversity and nestedness of ant assemblages in an urban environment. Eur. J. Entomol. 109: 197206.
 * Sommer F. 1984. Etude de la myrmécofaune de la réserve de la Massane. Laboratoire Arago, Banyuls sur Mer (66), 29 pages.
 * Sommer F., and H. Cagniant. 1988. Peuplements de fourmis des Albères Orientales (Pyrénées-Orientales, France) (Première partie). Vie Milieu 38: 189-200.
 * Somogyi A. A., G. Lorinczi, J. Kovacs, and I. E. Maak. 2017. Structure of ant assemblages in planted poplar (Populus alba) forests and the effect of the common milkweek (Asclepias syriaca). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 63(4): 443–457.
 * Sonnenburg H. 2005. Die Ameisenfauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Niedersachsens und Bremens. Braunschweiger Naturkundliche Schriften 7: 377-441.
 * Steiner F. M., S. Schödl, and B. C. Schlick-Steiner. 2002. Liste der Ameisen Österreichs (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Stand Oktober 2002. Beiträge zur Entomofaunistik 3: 17-25.
 * Stukalyuk S. V. 2015. Structure of the ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the broad-leaved forests of Kiev. Entomological Review 95(3): 370–387.
 * Stukalyuk S. V. 2016. Crematogaster subdentata Mayr, 1877, a potentially invasive species of ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) new to the fauna of Crimea. Entomological Review 95(8)
 * Tausan I. 2010. Notes on the ant fauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the Rodna Mountains National Park and it's surroundings (Transylvania-Maramures, Romania). Transylv. Rev. Syst. Ecol. Res. 9: 159-166.
 * Tausan I., M. M. Jerpel, I. R. Puscasu, C. Sadeanu, R. E. Brutatu, L. A. Radutiu, and V. Giurescu. 2012. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Sibiu County (Transylvania, Romania). Brukenthal. Acta Musei 7(3): 499-520.
 * Tausan I., and B. Marko. 2009. Comparative analysis of ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the surroundings of Sibiu (Romania). Brukenthal. Acta Musei 4(3): 635-644.
 * Ticha, K. 2005. Inventarizacní pruzkum mravencu (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) NPP Svarec. 2005. Acta Rerum Naturalium 1:127-130.
 * Tinaut A. 2016. Ants of the Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Mountains Natural Park (Andalusia, Spain) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 40 (1-2): 125-159.
 * Tinaut, A., J. Jiménez Rojas, and R. Pascual. "Estudio de la mirmecofauna de los bosques de Quercus Linneo 1753 de la provincia de Granada." Ecología 8 (1995): 429-438.
 * Tinaut, A. "Contribución al estudio de los formícidos de la región del estrecho de Gibraltar y su interés biogeográfico." Graellsia 45 (1989): 19-29.
 * Tohme G. 1996. Formicidae. Etude de la diversité biologique n° 4 . Ministère de lAgriculture à Beyrouth (Eds.). P85-87.
 * Tohme G., and H. Tohme. 2014. Nouvelles liste des especes de fourmis du Liban (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). Lebanese Science Journal 15(1): 133-141.
 * Vogrin, V. "Prilog fauni Hymenoptera - Aculeata Jugoslavije." Zast. Bilja 31(suppl.) (1955): 1-74.
 * Vonshak M., and A. Ionescu-Hirsch. 2009. A checklist of the ants of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 33-55.
 * Wegnez P. 2014. Premières captures de Lasius distinguendus Emery, 1916 et de Temnothorax albipennis (Curtis, 1854) au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Hymenoptera : Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 150 (2014) : 168-171.
 * Wegnez P. 2018. Premières decouvertes de Myrmica bibikoffi Kutter, 1963 et de Ponera testacea Emery, 1895, au Luxembourg (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 154: 263–272.
 * Wegnez P., and M. Fichaux. 2015. Liste actualisee des especes de fourmis repertoriees au Grand-Duche de Luxembourg (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie 151: 150-165
 * Wheeler W. M. 1929. Some ants from China and Manchuria. American Museum Novitates 361: 1-11.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1930. A list of the known Chinese ants. Peking Natural History Bulletin 5: 53-81.
 * Wiezick M. 2008. Ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of forest-steppe habitats at southern and South-Western slopes of Plesivecka a Planina plateau at Slovensky Kras Karst. Natura Carpatica 49: 85-94.
 * Wiezik M., M. Svitok, A. Wiezikova, and M. Dovciak. 2013. Shrub encroachment alters composition and diversity of ant communities in abandoned grasslands of western Carpathians. Biodivers Conserv 22: 23052320.
 * Yamauchi K. 1968. Additional Notes on the Ecological Distribution of Ants in Sapporo and the Vicinity . Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokaido University, series VI, Zoology 16(3): 382-395.
 * Zariquiey, R. "Formigues de Cadaqués (prov. De Gerona)." Butll. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. (1930): 92.
 * Zimmermann, S. "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ameisenfauna Süddalmatiens." Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanisch Gesellschaft in Wien 84 (1935): 1-65.
 * Zimmermann, S. "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ameisenfaunader Quarnerischen Inseln." Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanisch Gesellschaft in Wien 80 (1930): 45-66.
 * Zryanin V. A., and T. A. Zryanina. 2007. New data on the ant fauna Hymenoptera, Formicidae in the middle Volga River Basin. Uspekhi Sovremennoi Biologii 127(2): 226-240.
 * de Haro, Andrés, and C. A. Collingwood. "Prospección mirmecológica en la Cordillera Ibérica." Orsis 6 (1991): 129-126.
 * del Campo Gracia P., M. D. Martinez Ibanez, A. Tinaut, and S. Montagud Alario. 2014. Faunistic study of the Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 38 (1-2): 33-65.