Dorylus nigricans

Identification
A member of the Dorylus nigricans-group.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, United Republic of Tanzania.

Nomenclature

 * . Dorylus nigricans Illiger, 1802: 188 (m.) SIERRA LEONE.
 * Type-material: holotype male.
 * Type-locality: Sierra Leone.
 * Type-depository: unknown (“Hellwig’s collection”).
 * Mayr, 1896: 225 (w.); Forel, 1912j: 177 (q.); Santschi, 1930a: 55 (s.w.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 268 (l.).
 * Combination in D. (Anomma): Emery, 1895j: 710;
 * combination in Anomma: Menozzi, 1942: 165.
 * Status as species: Fabricius, 1804: 427; Jurine, 1807: 281 (in text); Latreille, 1809: 124; Latreille, 1817b: 556; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 228; Shuckard, 1840b: 271; Westwood, 1842: 79; Guérin-Méneville, 1849: 353; Smith, F. 1859b: 2; Mayr, 1863: 408; Roger, 1863b: 41; Gerstäcker, 1871: 355; Ritsema, 1874: 182; Emery, 1892c: liv; Emery, 1892d: 555; Dalla Torre, 1893: 12; André, 1895a: 5; Emery, 1895j: 710; Mayr, 1896: 225; Emery, 1901c: 196 (in key); Forel, 1901h: 47; Mayr, 1904b: 1; Forel, 1907e: 15; Mayr, 1907b: 7; Forel, 1909b: 51; Santschi, 1910c: 352; Emery, 1910b: 12; Stitz, 1910: 128; Forel, 1910c: 248; Forel, 1911d: 362; Forel, 1911f: 275; Santschi, 1912b: 156 (in key); Forel, 1912j: 177; Forel, 1913b: 311; Forel, 1913h: 348; Santschi, 1914b: 62; Santschi, 1914d: 332; Forel, 1914d: 216; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 46, 737; Menozzi, 1927f: 356; Santschi, 1930a: 55; Karavaiev, 1931d: 42; Santschi, 1937b: 95; Weber, 1943c: 288; Bernard, 1953b: 218; Raignier & van Boven, 1955: 70, 86 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 179; Hita Garcia, et al. 2013: 204.
 * Distribution: Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania (+ Zanzibar), Uganda.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus arcens, burmeisteri, molestus, pallidus, rubellus, sjoestedti, sjostedtiwilverthi, terrificus.
 * ''[Note: Zambezi specimen is listed as holotype in Baroni Urbani, 1977e: 62; D. R. Congo syntype is not mentioned here.]
 * Type-depositories: MNHN, NHMB.
 * [First available use of Dorylus affinis st. depilis var. clarior Santschi, 1915c: 246 (m.) (no state data, but probably Zimbabwe): “Zambézie”, and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name.]
 * Subspecies of depilis: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 731; Menozzi, 1942: 165; Eidmann, 1944: 424; Bolton, 1995b: 178.]
 * Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Zimbabwe.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * André E. 1895. Formicides de l'Ogooué (Congo français). Rev. Entomol. (Caen) 14: 1-5.
 * Baroni Urbani C. 1977. Katalog der Typen von Formicidae (Hymenoptera) der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Basel (2. Teil). Mitt. Entomol. Ges. Basel (n.s.) 27: 61-102.
 * Bernard F. 1953. La réserve naturelle intégrale du Mt Nimba. XI. Hyménoptères Formicidae. Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 19: 165-270.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2018. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Gambia (Western Africa). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 26: 1-13.
 * Borowiec M. L. 2016. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 608: 1–280.
 * Emery C. 1892. Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud dans le territoire d'Assinie (Afrique occidentale) en juillet et août 1886. Formicides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 60: 553-574.
 * Emery C. 1892. [Untitled. From table of contents: Sur une fourmi nouvelle d'Assinie et remarques sur les Dorylides d'Afrique.]. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (Bull.) 61:liii-lv.
 * Emery C. 1895. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8: 685-778.
 * Emery C. 1910. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae. Genera Insectorum 102: 1-34.
 * Ewuim S. C., M. A. Badejo, and O. O. Ajayi. 1997. Ants of forest and fallow plots in Nigeria. Biotropica 29(1): 93-99.
 * Forel A. 1910. Ameisen aus der Kolonie Erythräa. Gesammelt von Prof. Dr. K. Escherich (nebst einigen in West-Abessinien von Herrn A. Ilg gesammelten Ameisen). Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 29: 243-274.
 * Forel A. 1913. Formicides du Congo Belge récoltés par MM. Bequaert, Luja, etc. Revue Zoologique Africaine (Brussels). 2: 306-351.
 * Forel A. 1913. Quelques fourmis du Musée du Congo Belge (1). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 57: 347-359.
 * Forel A. 1914. Formicides d'Afrique et d'Amérique nouveaux ou peu connus. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 50: 211-288.
 * IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection
 * Kone M., S. Konate, K. Yeo, P. K. Kouassi, and K. E. Linsenmair. 2012. Changes in ant communities along an age gradient of cocoa cultivation in the Oumé region, central Côte dIvoire. Entomological Science 15: 324339.
 * Medler J. T. 1980: Insects of Nigeria - Check list and bibliography. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 30: i-vii, 1-919.
 * Menozzi C. 1927. Raccolte mirmecologiche dell'Africa orientale conservate nel Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova. Parte I. Formiche raccolte dal Marchese Saverio Patrizi nella Somalia italiana ed in alcune località dell'Africa orientale inglese. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. 52: 356-362.
 * Menozzi C. 1930. Formiche della Somalia italiana meridionale. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana. 9: 76-130.
 * Nousiainen A. 2017. Leaf litter ants in indigenous rainforest and coniferous plantations of the Taita Hills, Kenya. Master Thesis University of Helsinki, 53 pages.
 * Santschi F. 1910. Formicides nouveaux ou peu connus du Congo français. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 78: 349-400.
 * Stitz H. 1910. Westafrikanische Ameisen. I. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 5: 125-151.
 * Tadu Z., C. Djieto-Lordon, R. Babin, Yede, E. B. Messop-Youbi, and A. Fomena. 2013. Influence of insecticide treatment on ant diversity in tropical agroforestry system: some aspect of the recolonization process. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 5(12): 832-844.
 * Taylor B. 1980. Ants of the Nigerian Forest Zone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). V. Dorylinae, Leptanillinae. Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria Research Bulletin 8: 1-33.
 * Taylor B., N. Agoinon, A. Sinzogan, A. Adandonon, Y. N'Da Kouagou, S. Bello, R. Wargui, F. Anato, I. Ouagoussounon, H. Houngbo, S. Tchibozo, R. Todjhounde, and J. F. Vayssieres. 2018. Records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Republic of Benin, with particular reference to the mango farm ecosystem. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 8(1): 006–029.
 * Weber N. A. 1943. The ants of the Imatong Mountains, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 93: 263-389.
 * Weissflog, A., E. Sternheim, W.H.O. Dorow, S. Berghoff and U. Maschwitz. 2000. How to study subterranean army ants: a novel method for locating and monitoring field populations of the South East Asian army ant Dorylus (Dichthadia) laevigatus Smith, 1857 (Formicidae, Dorylinae) with observations on their ecology. Insectes Sociaux 47:317-234
 * Wheeler W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45: 711-1004
 * Yeo K., S. Konate, S. Tiho, and S. K. Camara. 2011. Impacts of land use types on ant communities in a tropical forest margin (Oumé - Cote d'Ivoire). African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(2): 260-274.