Pheidole micula

Stefan Cover (unpublished) encountered micula in the mountains of southern Arizona consistently between 1480 and 1690 m, in grassy meadows, sometimes surrounded by juniper-oak woodland. The small colonies were nesting variously under small rocks and in crater nest built in open soil. In western Texas, Moody and Francke (1982) found micula in crater nests built in open soil. A single colony was discovered by G. C. and J. N. Wheeler (1973) in the cholla-palo verde scrub at Deep Canyon, California, nesting under a stone; seeds of Artiplex, Cryptantha, Oenothera, and Sporobolus were present in the nest. (Wilson 2003)

Identification
See the description in the nomenclature section.

Distribution
Southern California to western Texas. (Wilson 2003)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Nearctic Region: United States. Neotropical Region: Mexico.

Nomenclature

 *  micula. Pheidole californica subsp. micula Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 408 (s.w.) U.S.A. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1972b: 244 (l.). Raised to species: Gregg, 1959: 24. See also: Wilson, 2003: 585.

Description
From Wilson (2003): DIAGNOSIS A member of the “pilifera complex” of the larger pilifera group; for a characterization of the complex, see under Pheidole pilifera. P. micula is distinguished within the complex by the following combination of traits.

Major: entire occiput covered by transverse carinulae that sometimes circle downward at the sides of the head and continue to the anterior border of the head; pronotum very low relative to the mesonotal convexity; propodeal spine equilaterally triangular; petiolar node from the side tapering to a blunt point; postpetiole from above diamond-shaped.

Minor: eye very large and set well forward on the head; propodeal spines reduced to denticles. Stefan Cover, who has studied this species more intensively, offers the following cautionary note (in litt.): “The cephalic sculpture in P. micula majors is variable and may cause confusion. The type majors represent one extreme [as depicted here—EOW] in which the fine transverse rugae on the occiput wrap around the corners of the head and extend down the sides to the mandibular insertions. In most other collections these lateral rugae are partly absent, leaving the sides of the head posterior to the eye more or less smooth and shining, except for scattered punctures [foveolae].”

MEASUREMENTS (mm) Paratype major: HW 1.04, HL 1.18, SL 0.52, EL 0.16, PW 0.48.

Paratype minor: HW 0.48, HL 0.48, SL 0.44, EL 0.12, PW 0.30.

COLOR Major: clear yellow-orange, the head a shade darker than the rest of the body. Minor: concolorous clear yellow.



'''Figure. Upper: syntype, major. Lower: syntype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.'''

Type Material
ARIZONA: Parmalee, Huachuca Mts., col. William M. Wheeler. and - as reported in Wilson (2003)

Etymology
L micula, small bit, crumb, or grain. (Wilson 2003)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Cole A. C., Jr. 1937. An annotated list of the ants of Arizona (Hymen.: Formicidae). [part]. Entomological News 48: 97-101.
 * Cover S. P., and R. A. Johnson. 20011. Checklist of Arizona Ants. Downloaded on January 7th at http://www.asu.edu/clas/sirgtools/AZants-2011%20updatev2.pdf
 * Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944
 * Hunt J. H. and Snelling R. R. 1975. A checklist of the ants of Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 10: 20-23
 * Johnson R. Personnal Database. Accessed on February 5th 2014 at http://www.asu.edu/clas/sirgtools/resources.htm
 * Miguelena J. G., and P. B. Baker. 2019. Effects of urbanization on the diversity, abundance, and composition of ant assemblages in an arid city. Environmental Entomology doi: 10.1093/ee/nvz069.
 * Moody J. V., and O. F. Francke. 1982. The Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Western Texas Part 1: Subfamily Myrmicinae. Graduate Studies Texas Tech University 27: 80 pp.
 * O'Keefe S. T., J. L. Cook, T. Dudek, D. F. Wunneburger, M. D. Guzman, R. N. Coulson, and S. B. Vinson. 2000. The Distribution of Texas Ants. The Southwestern Entomologist 22: 1-92.
 * Van Pelt, A. 1983. Ants of the Chisos Mountains, Texas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . Southwestern Naturalist 28:137-142.
 * Vásquez-Bolaños M. 2011. Lista de especies de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) para México. Dugesiana 18: 95-133
 * Wheeler, G.C. and J. Wheeler. 1985. A checklist of Texas ants. Prairie Naturalist 17:49-64.
 * Wilson, E.O. 2003. Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Genus. Harvard University Press