Cephalotes conspersus

Nothing is known about the biology of .

Identification
A member of the angustus clade differing from its sister species, Cephalotes palta, in the worker by the first gastral tergite bicoloured and, in the soldier, by the foveae on the disc sparser and larger (de Andrade and Baroni Urbani 1999).

Distribution
Fernandez et a1. (1996) report this species from the Colombian state of Meta. We saw no Colombian specimens referable to this species. Although the record from Colombia is plausible, there is a chance that the specimens in question may refer to the closely related palta described from Colombia. (de Andrade and Baroni Urbani 1999)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Trinidad and Tobago.

Nomenclature

 * . Cryptocerus conspersus Smith, F. 1867: 523, pl. 26, fig. 1 (w.) BRAZIL (no state data, “Amazon”).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: Brazil: “Amazon” (no further data) (“in the collection of W. Wilson Saunders”).
 * Type-depository: OXUM.
 * Combination in Paracryptocerus: Kempf, 1951: 232;
 * combination in Zacryptocerus: Brandão, 1991: 385;
 * combination in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 697.
 * Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 142; Forel, 1895b: 133; Kempf, 1951: 232; Kempf, 1958d: 108 (redescription); Kempf, 1960f: 443 (in key); Kempf, 1972a: 176; Brandão, 1991: 385; Bolton, 1995b: 425; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 697 (redescription) ; Guerrero, Fernández, et al. 2018: 240; Sandoval-Gómez & Sánchez-Restrepo, 2019: 911.
 * Senior synonym of variegata: Kempf, 1958d: 108; Kempf, 1972a: 176; Brandão, 1991: 385; Bolton, 1995b: 425; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 697.
 * Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela.
 * variegata. Cryptocerus denticulatus var. variegata Forel, 1911e: 262 (w.) BRAZIL (Amazonas).
 * Type-material: 3 syntype workers.
 * Type-locality: Brazil: Amazonas (H.W. Bates).
 * Type-depositories: MHNG, ZSBS.
 * Subspecies of denticulatus: Emery, 1924d: 310; Borgmeier, 1927c: 117.
 * Junior synonym of targionii: Kempf, 1958a: 94.
 * Junior synonym of conspersus: Kempf, 1958d: 108; Kempf, 1972a: 176; Brandão, 1991: 385; Bolton, 1995b: 425; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 697.

Worker
de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Head convex above, subquadrate. Frontal carinae superficially crenulate, diverging backwards, slightly converging in front, little upturned above the eyes. Vertexal angles truncate, bearing a pair of small, obtuse, membranaceous denticles, often with a minute notch in the middle. Vertexal margin concave and laterally connected to the denticles by means of a thin carina. Clypeal suture superficially impressed. Mandibles with a faint, thin, short, lateral carina.

Mesosoma gently convex. Scapular angles free. Pronotal sides with three pairs of short, membranaceous teeth, the first and the second pair triangular, the third pair, broader than the others, obtuse. Promesonotal suture poorly impressed. Mesonotum with a pair of triangular denticles with truncate tip. Propodeal suture more impressed on the sides. Propodeum with poorly differentiate basal and declivous faces; declivous face concave in the middle and shorter than the basal one. Propodeal sides with five, rarely six pairs of pointed denticles, sometimes the first, third, fifth and sixth pairs thinner and much smaller than the second and fourth pairs.

Petiole with truncate anterior face; its posterior face sloping and separate from the anterior one by a pair of minute denticles. Sides of the petiole with a pair of pointed, thin spines directed slightly backwards. Postpetiole convex and as broad as the petiole; postpetiolar spines directed slightly forwards at the base and curved at the apex.

Gaster oval. Anterolateral gastral border with semitransparent lamella reaching the stigma.

Hind femora subangulate to angulate.

Sculpture. Head dorsum reticulate and covered by superficial foveae as broad as their interspaces and slightly denser on the vertexal angles. Frontal carinae reticulate only. Ventral face of the head reticulate and with few, faint, longitudinal rugulae close to the hypostoma. Mesosoma, posterior face of the petiole, and postpetiole with the same sculpture as on the vertexal angles, the foveae more oval on the propodeum and less impressed on the pedicel. Middle of the declivous face of the propodeum, anterior face of the petiole, gaster and legs simply reticulate. Pleurae reticulate and with superficial, longitudinal striae. First gastral sternite with superficial, oval piligerous punctures. Middle of the posterior half of the first gastral sternite shining.

Pilosity. Each fovea with an appressed canaliculate hair, both slightly longer on the propodeum and on the pedicel. Mandibles, border of the frontal carinae and legs with sparse, suberect hairs. Extensor face of the legs and gaster with dense, appressed hairs as those on the propodeum, thinner on the gaster. Posterior borders of the gastral tergites with clavate hairs; gastral sternites with the same clavate hairs as the tergites and rare, long and pointed hairs.

Colour. Black. Frontal carinae, distal part of the scapes, three first funicular joints, thoracic and peduncular spines, distal half of the femora, tibiae and tarsomeres yellowish to ferruginous. First gastral tergite with the following black parts: a pair of oval anterolateral spots and a lozenge in the middle, the rest ferruginous.

Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 3.46-3.92; HL 0.88-0.94; HW 0.96-1.08; EL 0.28-0.30; PW 0.76-0.88; PeW 0.50-0.54; PpW 0.50-0.54; HBaL 0.35-0.37; HBaW 0.07; CI 109.1-114.9; PI 122.7-126.3; PPeI 152.0-162.9; PPpI 152.0-162.9; HBaI 18.9-20.0.

Soldier
de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - (tentative attribution). - Very similar to that of palta from which it differs in the following details: Floor of the disc less concave anteriorly. Humeral angles pointed. Pronotal sides subparallel. Pronotal carina superficially marked. Promesonotal suture impressed. Propodeum with well differentiate basal and declivous faces. Sides of the basal face anteriorly with three denticles, the first denticle smaller the others and the third one curved upwards. Declivous face concave in the middle; its sides converging posteriorly and bearing a minute denticle. Postpetiole more convex and with the "U" shaped carina less marked. Gastral lobes more oval. Anterolateral border of the first gastral sternites with a very thin margin not reaching the stigma posteriorly. Fore femora slightly incrassate. Hind femora without angles or denticles. Hind basitarsi slightly more compressed apically than distally and without broad base. Hind femora subangulate.

Sculpture. Foveae on the head larger and sparser on the dorsum, shallower on the ventral part. Propleurae with longitudinal striae on the lower part. Anterior fourth of the first gastral tergite with sparser foveae.

Pilosity. Mesosoma and pedicel without subclavate hairs.

Colour. Ventral part of the head including half of its sides, mesosoma, pedicel, coxae, femora, mid and hind tarsi and gaster black. Head dorsum, including the dorsal half of the sides, apex of femora, fore tibiae and fore tarsi, outer face of mid and hind tibiae, and tarsomeres yellowish-orange. Gaster with two pairs of yellow spots on the first tergite, the first pair anterolaterally, the second one placed on the postero-lateral half of the gaster.

Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 4.92; HL 1.40; HW 1.32; EL 0.32; PW 1.16 PeW 0.56; PpW 0.59; HBaL 0.36; HBaW 0.10; CI 94.3; PI 113.8; PPeI 207.1; PPpI 196.6; HBaI 27.8.

Type Material




Cryptocerus conspersus

Presence of the holotype in has been confirmed by W.W. Kempf.

de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Worker. Type locality: Rio Amazonas, Brazil. Type material: holotype, unique, worker labelled “121, Type, Amaz, Cryptocerus conspersus. Sm. Trans Ent. Soc., Cryptocerus conspersus Sm. 1867 Holotypus, Paracryptocerus conspersus (F. Sm.) 1867 det. Kempf 1957, Type Hym. 1045”, in, examined. Kempf, 1958 b.

Cryptocerus denticulatus var. variegata. Worker. Type locality: Amazonas. Type material: 3 syntype workers labelled “Amazonas, H. W. Bates S.”, 1 in, 2 in , examined.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.
 * Kempf W. W. 1978. A preliminary zoogeographical analysis of a regional ant fauna in Latin America. 114. Studia Entomologica 20: 43-62.
 * Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
 * Salinas P. J. 2010. Catalogue of the ants of the Táchira State, Venezuela, with notes on their biodiversity, biogeography and ecology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyioponinae, Ponerinae, Proceratiinae, Myrmicinae, Ecitoninae, Formicinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae). Boletín de la SEA 47: 315-328.
 * de Andrade, M.L. & C. Baroni Urbani. 1999. Diversity and Adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie B 271. 893 pages, Stuttgart