Carebara

Garcia, Wiesel and Fischer (2013) - The taxonomy of the genus has seen great improvements on both generic and regional levels during the last decade (Fernández, 2004, 2006, 2010). The Afrotropical species have yet to be revised and available keys for this species in this region are outdated and fragmentary. The entire genus, with more than 200 species (Bolton, 2012), would benefit highly from an updated revision. Most Carebara are small, cryptic, hypogaeic ants that nest in the soil, the leaf litter or in termite mounds. The latter is important since some species seem to be lestobiotic (Bolton & Belshaw, 1993). Some species show an extreme size dimorphism between the tiny worker and the very large queen caste.

Identification
Key to Carebara of India

Species richness
Species richness by country based on regional taxon lists (countries with darker colours are more species-rich). View Data



Nomenclature

 *  CAREBARA [Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini]
 * Carebara Westwood, 1840b: 86. Type-species: Carebara lignata, by monotypy.
 * Carebara senior synonym of Aeromyrma, Afroxyidris, Aneleus, Crateropsis, Erebomyrma, Hendecatella, Lecanomyrma, Neoblepharidatta, Nimbamyrma, Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus, Solenops, Spelaeomyrmex, Sporocleptes: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * Carebara senior synonym of Parvimyrma: Fernández, 2010: 195.
 * Carebara senior synonym of Pheidologeton: Fischer, Azorsa & Fisher, 2014: 63.
 * AEROMYRMA [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Aeromyrma Forel, 1891b: 198. Type-species: Aeromyrma nosindambo, by monotypy.
 * [Aeromyrma also described as new by Forel, 1891a: cccvii; no species-rank taxa named.]
 * Aeromyrma subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Emery, 1915c: 59 (footnote).
 * Aeromyrma revived status as genus: Arnold, 1916: 256.
 * Aeromyrma subgenus of Oligomyrmex: Emery, 1924d: 215.
 * Aeromyrma junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
 * Aeromyrma junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * AFROXYIDRIS [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Afroxyidris Belshaw & Bolton, 1994: 631. Type-species: Afroxyidris crigensis, by original designation.
 * Afroxyidris junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * ANELEUS [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Aneleus Emery, 1900c: 327 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Solenopsis similis, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 158.
 * [Type-species not Pheidologeton pygmaeus, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 77; repeated in Emery, 1924d: 214.]
 * Aneleus raised to genus: Emery, 1914a: 41.
 * Aneleus senior synonym of Sporocleptes: Consani, 1951: 169; Arnold, 1952a: 460.
 * Aneleus junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
 * Aneleus junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * CRATEROPSIS [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Crateropsis Patrizi, 1948: 174 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Crateropsis) elmenteitae, by original designation.
 * Crateropsis junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120.
 * Crateropsis junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * EREBOMYRMA [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Erebomyrma Wheeler, W.M. 1903a: 138. Type-species: Erebomyrma longii, by monotypy.
 * Erebomyrma senior synonym of Spelaeomyrmex: Wilson, 1962a: 63.
 * Erebomyrma junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
 * Erebomyrma revived from synonymy: Wilson, 1986b: 61.
 * Erebomyrma returned to synonymy of Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 1994: 106; Bolton, 1995b: 298.
 * Erebomyrma junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * HENDECATELLA [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Hendecatella Wheeler, W.M. 1927h: 93 [as subgenus of Oligomyrmex]. Type-species: Oligomyrmex (Hendecatella) capreolus, by monotypy.
 * Hendecatella junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
 * Hendecatella junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * LECANOMYRMA [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Lecanomyrma Forel, 1913k: 56 [as subgenus of Pheidologeton]. Type-species: Pheidologeton (Lecanomyrma) butteli, by monotypy.
 * Lecanomyrma subgenus of Aneleus: Emery, 1924d: 215.
 * Lecanomyrma junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
 * Lecanomyrma junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * NEOBLEPHARIDATTA [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Neoblepharidatta Sheela & Narendran, 1997: 88. Type-species: Neoblepharidatta nayana, by original designation.
 * Neoblepharidatta junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 2003: 216, 273.
 * Neoblepharidatta junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * NIMBAMYRMA [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Nimbamyrma Bernard, 1953b: 240. Type-species: Nimbamyrma villiersi, by monotypy.
 * Nimbamyrma junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 120.
 * Nimbamyrma junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * OLIGOMYRMEX [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Oligomyrmex Mayr, 1867a: 110. Type-species: Oligomyrmex concinnus, by monotypy.
 * Oligomyrmex senior synonym of Aeromyrma, Aneleus (and its junior synonym Sporocleptes), Crateropsis, Hendecatella, Lecanomyrma, Nimbamyrma, Solenops: Ettershank, 1966: 119; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1389.
 * Oligomyrmex senior synonym of Erebomyrma (and its junior synonym Spelaeomyrmex): Bolton, 1994: 106.
 * Oligomyrmex senior synonym of Neoblepharidatta: Bolton, 2003: 216, 273.
 * Oligomyrmex junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * PAEDALGUS [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Paedalgus Forel, 1911i: 217. Type-species: Paedalgus escherichi, by monotypy.
 * Paedalgus junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * PARVIMYRMA [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Parvimyrma Eguchi & Bui, 2007: 40. Type-species: Parvimyrma sangi, by original designation.
 * Parvimyrma junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2010: 195.
 * SOLENOPS [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Solenops Karavaiev, 1930a: 207 [as subgenus of Solenopsis]. Type-species: Solenopsis (Solenops) weyeri, by monotypy.
 * Solenops junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
 * Solenops junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * SPELAEOMYRMEX [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Spelaeomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 9. Type-species: Spelaeomyrmex urichi, by original designation.
 * Spelaeomyrmex junior synonym of Erebomyrma: Wilson, 1962: 63.
 * Spelaeomyrmex junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Bolton, 1994: 106.
 * Spelaeomyrmex junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * SPOROCLEPTES [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Sporocleptes Arnold, 1948: 219. Type-species: Sporocleptes nicotianae, by original designation.
 * Sporocleptes junior synonym of Aneleus: Consani, 1951: 169; Arnold, 1952a: 460.
 * Sporocleptes junior synonym of Oligomyrmex: Ettershank, 1966: 119.
 * Sporocleptes junior synonym of Carebara: Fernández, 2004a: 194.
 * PHEIDOLOGETON [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862: 750. Type-species: Oecodoma diversa, by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 160.
 * Pheidologeton senior synonym of Phidologeton: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880.
 * Pheidologeton senior synonym of Amauromyrmex, Idrisella: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
 * Pheidologeton junior synonym of Carebara: Fischer, Azorsa & Fisher, 2014: 63.
 * AMAUROMYRMEX [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Amauromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1929b: 1. Type-species: Amauromyrmex speculifrons (junior synonym of Pheidole silenus), by original designation.
 * Amauromyrmex junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
 * IDRISELLA [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Idrisella Santschi, 1937h: 372. Type-species: Pheidologeton dentiviris, by original designation.
 * Idrisella junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Ettershank, 1966: 115.
 * PHIDOLOGETON [junior synonym of Carebara]
 * Phidologeton Bingham, 1903: 160, unjustified emendation of Pheidologeton.
 * Phidologeton junior synonym of Pheidologeton: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 880.