Dorylus helvolus

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, United Republic of Tanzania. Palaearctic Region: Italy.

Nomenclature

 * . Vespa helvola Linnaeus, 1764: 412 (m.) SOUTH AFRICA.
 * Type-material: holotype male.
 * Type-locality: South Africa: “Habitat ad Cap. b. spei.” (= Cape of Good Hope) (Tulbagh).
 * Type-depository: ZMLS.
 * Linnaeus, 1767: 967 (w.); Emery, 1888b: 344 (q.); Arnold, 1915: 116 (s.w.q.m.).
 * Combination in Mutilla: Linnaeus, 1767: 967;
 * combination in Dorylus: Fabricius, 1793: 365; Fabricius, 1804; 427; Latreille, 1810: 437.
 * combination in D. (Dorylus): Emery, 1895j: 714.
 * Status as species: Linnaeus, 1767: 967; Fabricius, 1787: 313; Gmelin, 1790: 2807; Fabricius, 1793: 365; Fabricius, 1804: 427; Gravenhorst, 1807: 287; Jurine, 1807: 281 (in text); Latreille, 1809: 124; Latreille, 1810: 437; Leach, 1815: 147; Latreille, 1817b: 555; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 228; Shuckard, 1840c: 315; Westwood, 1842: 79; Smith, F. 1859b: 1; Dumeril, 1860: 901; Mayr, 1863: 408; Roger, 1863b: 41; Emery, 1888b: 349; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895a: 177; Emery, 1895h: 17; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1901c: 196 (in key); Wasmann, 1904b: 676; Mayr, 1907b: 7; Forel, 1907e: 14; Emery, 1910b: 10; Forel, 1910f: 4; Forel, 1913b: 311; Santschi, 1914b: 61; Santschi, 1914d: 332; Santschi, 1914e: 14; Arnold, 1915: 116 (redescription); Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 732; Prins, 1963: 97; Bolton, 1995b: 179; Hita Garcia, et al. 2013: 204; Borowiec, L. 2014: 71 (see note in bibliography).
 * Senior synonym of dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1910b: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 733; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
 * Senior synonym of europaea: Emery, 1888b: 350; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1910b: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 733; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
 * Senior synonym of planifrons: Emery, 1888b: 350; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1910b: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 733; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
 * Senior synonym of punctata: Emery, 1888b: 350; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895h: 17; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1910b: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 733; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
 * Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Italy, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus pretoriae.
 * dorylus. Mutilla dorylus Lamarck, 1817: 101 (m.) (no state data).
 * Type-material: same as Vespa helvola Linnaeus, 1764: 412.
 * [Note: Mutilla dorylus Lamarck is based on the holotype of Vespa helvola Linnaeus, 1764: 412, sensu Fabricius, 1793: 365.]
 * Type-locality: “Africa”.
 * Type-depository: ZMLS.
 * Junior synonym of helvolus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1910b: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 733; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * europaea. Typhlopone europaea Roger, 1859: 248, pl. 7, fig. 3 (w.) ITALY.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Italy: Turin (Bonelli).
 * Type-depository: MNHU.
 * Status as species: Roger, 1861a: 45; Mayr, 1861: 53 (in key); Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dours, 1873: 167; André, 1874: 187 (in key).
 * Junior synonym of punctata: Emery & Forel, 1879: 465.
 * Junior synonym of helvolus: Emery, 1888b: 350; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1910b: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 733; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * planifrons. Dorylus planifrons Mayr, 1865: 74, pl. 3, fig. 21 (m.) SOUTH AFRICA.
 * Type-material: holotype(?) male.
 * [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
 * Type-locality: South Africa: Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.
 * Type-depository: NHMW.
 * Junior synonym of helvolus: Emery, 1888b: 350; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1910b: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 733; Bolton, 1995b: 180.
 * punctata. Typhlopone punctata Smith, F. 1858b: 112 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: South Africa: Cape of Good Hope.
 * Type-depository: BMNH.
 * Combination in Dorylus: André, 1882c: 251.
 * Status as species: Roger, 1861a: 45; Mayr, 1862: 737; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Mayr, 1865: 74; Emery & Forel, 1879: 464; André, 1882c: 251 (in key).
 * Junior synonym of helvolus: Emery, 1888b: 350; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11; Emery, 1895h: 17; Emery, 1895j: 714; Emery, 1910b: 10; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 733; Bolton, 1995b: 180.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Addison P., and M. J. Samways. 2000. A survey of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) that forage in vineyards in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
 * Borowiec M. L. 2016. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 608: 1–280.
 * Botes, A., M.A. McGeoch, H.G. Robertson, A. van Niekerk, H.P. Davids and S.L. Chown. 2006. Ants, altitude and change in the northern Cape Floristic Region. Journal of Biogeography 33:71-90
 * Emery C. 1895. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8: 685-778.
 * Emery C. 1895. Voyage de M. E. Simon dans l'Afrique australe (janvier-avril 1893). 3e mémoire. Formicides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 64: 15-56.
 * Forel A. 1907. Formiciden aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg. II. Teil. Neueingänge seit 1900. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hambg. 24: 1-20.
 * Forel A. 1910. Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika ausgeführt in den Jahren 1903-1905 von Dr. Leonhard Schultze. Vierter Band. Systematik und Tiergeographie. D) Formicidae. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 16: 1-30.
 * French K., and R. E. Major. 2001. Effect of an exotic Acacia (Fabaceae) on ant assemblages in South African fynbos. Austral Ecology 26: 303310.
 * Hita Garcia F., E. Wiesel, G. Fischer. 2013. The ants of Kenya (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)faunal overview, first species checklist, bibliography, accounts for all genera, and discussion on taxonomy and zoogeography. Journal of East African Natural History 101: 127-222.
 * IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection
 * Prins A. J. 1963. A list of the ants collected in the Kruger National Park with notes on their distribution. Koedoe 6: 91-108.
 * Prins A. J. 1964. Revised list of the ants collected in the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 7: 77-93.
 * Prins A. J., and J. J. Cillie. 1968. The ants collected in the Hluhluwe and Umfolozi game reserves. The Lammergeyer 8: 40-47.
 * Ratsirarson H., H. G. Robertson, M. D. Picker, and S. van Noort. 2002. Indigenous forests versus exotic eucalypt and pine plantations: a comparison of leaf-litter invertebrate communities. African Entomology 10(1): 9399
 * Samways M. J. 1990. Species temporal variability: epigaeic ant assemblages and management for abundance and scarcity. Oecologia 84: 482-490.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45: 711-1004