Camponotus sericeus

A widely distributed and quite common pan-African species. Taylor et al. (2018) report it from mango (Mangifera indica) orchards, near river between yam crop and mango plantation, on Anacardium occidentale, and on Terminalia laxiflora in Benin. Sharaf et al., (2013) report workers as active throughout Rawdhat Khorim, Saudi Arabia, being abundant from March through October, with a major peak in June. Workers occur on Acacia trees and on the giant milkweed Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton (Apocynaceae). Several workers were also observed foraging on C. procera plants and attending aphids.

Identification
Ionescu-Hirsch (2009) - This species can be recognized by the robust build (the major worker with very broad head and mesosoma), the coarse sculpture of the head and mesosoma, and by the gaster covered with thick, apressed, golden-mossy pubescence. The head of major workers is truncated posteriorly, with the anterior margin of the clypeus not extending beyond the anterior margin of the gena, broadly rounded and incised medially. The mesosoma has a distinct metanotal groove, the propodeal dorsum is broad and flat, margined laterally and posteriorly, with obtuse teeth.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: Benin, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Kenya, Mali, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe. Malagasy Region: Mauritius. Oriental Region: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Kuwait, Oman.

Camponotus sericeus is one of the more common carpenter ants of the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood, 1985; Collingwood and Agosti, 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011). It was originally described from Senegal, recorded from Algeria (Santschi 1929a) and has a broad distribution throughout the Afrotropical region (Wheeler 1922, Taylor 2010). Additional records are from Pakistan (Umair et al., 2012), India, and Ceylon (Collingwood, 1962). This species has also been reported from the Oriental region, e.g. Thailand (Jaitrong and Nabhitabhata, 2005).

Biology
Sharaf et al (2018) - Oman: Collected nesting under a stone at the edge of a pomegranate field; it was coexisting with Brachyponera sennaarensis in dry soil.

Collingwood and Agosti (1996) - Unlike many of the larger Camponotus species which are generally nocturnal, this ant, itself large and conspicuous, forages throughout the day.

Nomenclature

 * . Formica sericea Fabricius, 1798: 279 (w.) SENEGAL.
 * Mayr, 1866b: 886 (q.); Forel, 1886f: 192 (m.); Forel, 1891b: 56 (s.w.q.m.); Imai, et al. 1984: 9 (k.).
 * Combination in Lasius: Fabricius, 1804: 416;
 * combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1862: 675;
 * combination in Orthonotomyrmex: Ashmead, 1906: 31;
 * combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Forel, 1912i: 92;
 * combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Forel, 1913k: 129; Santschi, 1914b: 134.
 * Status as species: Latreille, 1802c: 117; Fabricius, 1804: 416; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 217; Smith, F. 1858b: 31; Mayr, 1862: 675 (redescription); Mayr, 1863: 401; Roger, 1863b: 2; Mayr, 1865: 38; Mayr, 1866b: 886; Walker, 1871: 9; Smith, F. 1871a: 306; Emery, 1877b: 364; Forel, 1879a: 94; Emery, 1881b: 526; André, 1882a: 149 (in key); André, 1884b: 537; Forel, 1886f: 192; Forel, 1891b: 56 (redescription); Forel, 1892e: 349; Forel, 1892j: 231; Emery, 1892a: 120; Emery, 1892d: 566; Dalla Torre, 1893: 251; Emery, 1893f: 254, 257; Emery, 1895a: 184; Emery, 1896d 376 (in list); Mayr, 1897: 435; Emery, 1897e: 605; Emery, 1899a: 501; Emery, 1901f: 122; Bingham, 1903: 376; Mayr, 1904b: 11; Mayr, 1907a: 389; Mayr, 1907b: 21; Forel, 1907g: 91; Forel, 1908a: 6; Forel, 1910c: 268; Santschi, 1910c: 393; Santschi, 1910f: 234; Stitz, 1910: 149; Karavaiev, 1911: 11; Forel, 1913a: 146; Forel, 1913k: 129; Santschi, 1914b: 134; Santschi, 1914d: 381; Stitz, 1916: 397; Stitz, 1917: 351; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 249, 973, 1050; Viehmeyer, 1923: 94; Arnold, 1924: 710; Emery, 1925b: 125; Menozzi, 1926a: 41; Santschi, 1926b: 267; Santschi, 1929c: 106; Karavaiev, 1929c: 238; Mukerjee, 1930: 160; Menozzi, 1931a: 155; Menozzi, 1932c: 95; Menozzi, 1932e: 454; Santschi, 1933b: 107; Menozzi, 1933a: 112; Menozzi, 1934: 165; Mukerjee, 1934: 10; Santschi, 1934b: 34; Santschi, 1934f: 173; Santschi, 1935b: 277; Finzi, 1936: 190; Santschi, 1938a: 43; Finzi, 1939a: 160; Menozzi, 1939c: 108; Santschi, 1939f: 167; Finzi, 1940: 164; Donisthorpe, 1942a: 32; Donisthorpe, 1942d: 458; Weber, 1943c: 338; Donisthorpe, 1947e: 111; Bernard, 1948: 161; Bernard, 1950b: 292; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 242; Menozzi & Consani, 1952: 70; Bernard, 1953a: 195; Collingwood, 1962: 229; Prins, 1963: 107; Pisarski, 1970: 323; Collingwood, 1985: 282; Kugler, J. 1988: 259; Bolton, 1995b: 123; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 374; Radchenko, 1996b: 1196 (in key); Radchenko, 1997d: 812; Tiwari, 1999: 69; Mathew & Tiwari, 2000: 356; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005: 15; Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 112; Vonshak, et al. 2009: 39; Ionescu-Hirsch, 2010: 88; Collingwood, et al. 2011: 451; Hita Garcia, et al. 2013: 205; Sharaf, Abdel-Dayem, et al. 2013: 570; Borowiec, L. 2014: 41 (see note in bibliography); Sharaf, Fisher, et al. 2018: 4; Madl, 2019: 14.
 * Senior synonym of aurulenta: Roger, 1863b: 2; Mayr, 1865: 38; Forel, 1891b: 56; Forel, 1892j: 231; Dalla Torre, 1893: 251; Emery, 1896d 376; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 974; Emery, 1925b: 125; Bolton, 1995b: 123; Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 112.
 * Senior synonym of pyrrhocephala: Emery, 1893f: 254; Bolton, 1995b: 123.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus euchrous, obtusus, peguensis, sanguiniceps, sulgeri.
 * aurulenta. Formica aurulenta Latreille, 1802c: 114, pl. 3, fig. 9 (q.) SENEGAL.
 * Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2;
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 31; Mayr, 1863: 412.
 * Junior synonym of sericeus: Roger, 1863b: 2; Mayr, 1865: 38; Forel, 1891b: 56; Forel, 1892j: 231; Dalla Torre, 1893: 251; Emery, 1896d 376; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 974; Emery, 1925b: 125; Bolton, 1995b: 87; Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 112.
 * pyrrhocephala. Formica pyrrhocephala Motschoulsky, 1863: 11 (w.) SRI LANKA.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1871a: 309; Dalla Torre, 1893: 206; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 201 (error).
 * Junior synonym of sericeus: Emery, 1893f: 254; Bolton, 1995b: 119.

Worker
Ionescu-Hirsch (2009) - TL = 7.1–11.1, HL = 1.56–2.86, HW = 1.46–3.48, EL = 0.47–0.78, SL = 1.64–2.21, ML = 2.58–4.02, PW = 1.27–2.30, mTbL = 1.52–2.23, hTbL = 2.19–3.13 (n = 10).

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