Cephalotes nilpiei

Nothing is known about the biology of .

Identification
A member of the pinelii clade differing from its two closest in group species, Cephalotes pileini and Cephalotes pinelii, in the worker, by the propodeal suture more impressed, and, from the soldier pileini by the propodeum with a pair of teeth, and from the soldier pinelii by the shallower foveae on the head. (de Andrade and Baroni Urbani 1999)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Brazil.

Nomenclature

 * . Cephalotes nilpiei De Andrade, in De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 381, figs. 169, 170 (s.w.) BRAZIL (Rio de Janeiro).
 * Type-material: holotype worker, 2 paratype soldiers, 9 paratype workers.
 * Type-locality: holotype Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nac. de Itatiaia, 950-1000 m., 15.xii.1966 (H. Reichardt); paratypes with same data.
 * Type-depository: MZSP.
 * Oliveira, Powell & Feitosa, 2021: 40 (q.m.).
 * Status as species: Oliveira, Powell & Feitosa, 2021: 40.
 * Distribution: Brazil.

Worker
Head subquadrate with convex frons. Frontal carinae covering the mandibles proximally and upturned in front of the eyes; border of the frontal carinae strongly crenulate anteriorly and superficially crenulate laterally. Vertexal angles broad and round, with a thin margin converging before the middle of the vertexal border. Vertexal border medially concave. Mandibles with thick lateral carina.

Mesosoma gently convex. Scapular angles absent or not visible in dorsal view. Pronotum anteriorly convex in dorsal view; pronotal sides with a membranaceous expansion anteriorly obtuse or round and narrowing posteriorly. Promesonotal suture, in dorsal view, superficially impressed. Mesonotum with a pair of thin, pointed, membranaceous teeth. Propodeal suture deeply impressed. Declivous face of the propodeum gently sloping backwards. Basal and declivous propodeal faces with a membranaceous lateral expansion originating from the propodeal suture.

Anterior face of the petiole medially slightly concave; dorsal face gently convex. Sides of the petiole with a wing-shaped, membranaceous expansion with round tip and directed laterally. Postpetiole convex dorsally; postpetiolar sides with a broad wing-shaped, membranaceous expansion with truncate tip.

Gaster suboval. First gastral tergite anterolaterally with a broad membranaceous expansion.

Legs. Mid and hind femora dorsally angulatc and with a thin carina on the distal part of their dorsum. Mid and hind basitarsi compressed at the base.

Sculpture. Head dorsum reticulate, with dense, superficial, irregular foveae diminishing in size anteriorly. Frontal carinae reticulate and with sparse, shallow foveae. Ventral face of the head reticulate, with superficial, sparse foveae superimposed by thin, longitudinal rugosities more impressed on the sides. Mesosoma and pedicel with the same sculpture as on the head dorsum but the rugosities more impressed and regular on the pronotum and mesonotum. Declivous face of the propodeum reticulate and superficially rugulose. Gaster and legs reticulate. Pleurae reticulate and with longitudinal rugosities on the propleurae and anterior half of the mesopleurae.

Pilosity. Each fovea with an appressed, thick hair; similar hairs but not originating from the foveae on the membranaceous expansions, on the gaster and on the legs. External part of the frontal carinae, dorsum of the first gastral segments and posterior border of the remaining gastral segments with erect, clubbed hairs, longer on the posterior border and rare on the dorsum. Posterior border of the gastral sternites with few, long, thin, pointed hairs.

Colour. Dark brown with lighter tibiae and distal parts of the femora. Frontal carinae orange and semi-transparent. Membranaceous expansions of the body yellowish and semitransparent. First gastral tergite anterolaterally with an orange strip surpassing the first gastral stigma, in some specimens the strip prolonged posteriorly but less pigmented. Sides of the pronotum, propodeum and pedicel with a thin, orange strip.

Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 4.04-4.64; HL 1.00-1.16; HW 1.16-1.32; EL 0.24-0.28; PW 1.00-1.16; PeW 0.58-0.63; PpW 0.60-0.63; HBaL 0.36-0.38; HBaW 0.13-0.14; CI 113.8-116.0; PI 113.8-116.0; PPeI 172.4-184.1; PPpI 166.7-184.1; HBaI 36.1-36.8.

Soldier
Head disc subquadrate, with differentiated border, raised and with crenulations more impressed anteriorly. Sides of the disc not covering completely the eyes and broadening anteriorly. Floor of the disc concave and little convex in the middle. Vertexal angles subrounded, completely separate from the disc and with superficially crenulate border. Mandibles laterally carinate and laterally hidden by the frontal carinae.

Mesosoma. Anterior pronotal border convex. Humeral angles with an obtuse, lateral, membranaceous expansion converging posteriorly up to the middle of the pronotum where it continues into the pronotal carina. Pronotal carina high, separate in the middle by an incision, each half posteriorly convex and diminishing in height towards the middle of the pronotum. Posterior half of the pronotal sides strongly converging posteriorly. Pronotal suture impressed in dorsal view. Promesonotal suture deeply impressed. Mesonotal sides with a pair of broad, obtuse teeth followed by a pair of vestigial, thin, minute denticles. Propodeum with differentiate basal and declivous faces; sides of the basal face forming cranially a pair of obtuse expansions directed anteriorly and followed by a convex, narrow, membranaceous expansion converging posteriorly into a pair of denticles curved upwards. Declivous face of the propodeum narrowing posteriorly and with a broad, membranaceous expansion.

Pedicel, legs and gaster as in the worker but with the membranaceous expansions less broad.

Sculpture. Head dorsum superficially reticulate, slightly shining and with foveae; the foveae contiguous posteriorly diminishing in size and more superficial anteriorly. Ventral face of the head reticulate and with thin, longitudinal rugosities; the two anterior thirds of the ventral face of the head with superficial, irregular foveae. Mesosoma reticulate and with dense foveae, smaller and irregular on the basal face of the propodeum. Pedicel with the same sculpture as the mesosoma but with smaller and shallower foveae. Declivous face of the propodeum, gaster and legs reticulate. Pleurae reticulate and with longitudinal rugosities on the propleurae only.

Pilosity. As in the worker but with the clubbed hairs also on the mesosoma.

Colour. Black with lighter tibiae and distal part of the femora. Frontal carinae orange and semi-transparent. Membranaceous expansions of the body yellowish and semi-transparent. First gastral tergite anterolaterally with an orange spot surpassing the first gastral stigma posteriorly, another spot but lighter before the posterior border. Sides of the pronotum, propodeum and pedicel with an orange strip.

Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 5.40-5.68; HL 1.36-1.40; HW 1.48; EL 0.30-0.31; PW 1.40-1.48; PeW 0.61-0.63; PpW 0.62-0.64; HBaL 0.40-0.42; HBaW 0.15-0.16; CI 105.7-108.8; PI 100.0-105.7; PPeI 222.2-242.6; PPpI 218.7-238.7; HBaI 37.5-38.1.

Type Material
Holotype: worker, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, 15.XII.1966, 950-1000 m, H. Reichardt. Paratypes: 9 workers and 2 soldiers, same data as the holotype MZSP.

Etymology
Nilpiei is an anagram of pinelii, the name of the species with which the new species had been previously confused.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Neves F. S., R. F. Braga, M. M. do Espirito-Santo, J. H. C. Delabie, G. Wilson Fernandes, and G. A. Sanchez-Azofeifa. 2010. Diversity of Arboreal Ants In a Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest: Effects Of Seasonality and Successional Stage. Sociobiology 56(1): 1-18.
 * Ulyssea M. A., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57(2): 217224.
 * Ulysséa M. A., C. R. F. Brandão. 2013. Ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil: a compilation from field surveys in Bahia and literature records. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 57(2): 217-224.
 * de Andrade, M.L. & C. Baroni Urbani. 1999. Diversity and Adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie B 271. 893 pages, Stuttgart