Stictoponera coxalis

Identification
Lattke (2004) - Clypeal lamella projecting anterad as broad triangular lobe; occipital lobes poorly developed. Pronotal dorsum punctate, with rough transverse strigae that arch anterad, becoming longitudinal on posterior pronotum and mesonotum; propodeum unarmed and transversely strigose.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Indo-Australian Region: Borneo, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore. Oriental Region:India, Myanmar, Nicobar Island, Sri Lanka , Thailand, Vietnam. Palaearctic Region: China.

Nomenclature

 *  coxalis. Ponera coxalis Roger, 1860: 308
 * Replacement name for Ponera rugosa Smith, F. 1857a: 66. [Junior primary homonym of Ponera rugosa Le Guillou, 1842: 318.]
 * Combination in Ectatomma (Rhytidoponera): Mayr, 1862: 732.
 * Combination in Ectatomma: Emery, 1887b: 444.
 * Combination in E. (Stictoponera): Mayr, 1887: 539.
 * Combination in Stictoponera: Emery, 1900d: 662.
 * Combination in Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 228.
 * Status as species: Mayr, 1862: 732; Mayr, 1863: 410; Roger, 1863b: 17; Mayr, 1867a: 89 (redescription); Mayr, 1872: 150; Emery, 1887b: 444; Dalla Torre, 1893: 24; Bingham, 1903: 84; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 51; Karavaiev, 1925a: 79; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 59; Brown, 1954h: 9; Brown, 1958g: 228, 300; Bolton, 1995b: 209; Lattke, 2004: 103 (redescription); Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.
 * Senior synonym of costatum, parva, pinealis, simalurensis, unicolor, wallacei: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.
 * costatum. Ectatomma (Stictoponera) costatum Emery, 1889b: 494 (w.) MYANMAR.
 * Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 44 (l.); Lattke, 2004: 100 (q.m.).
 * Combination in Stictoponera: Emery, 1900d: 662.
 * Combination in Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 227.
 * Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 24; Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 31; Brown, 1954h: 7; Brown, 1958g: 227; Radchenko, 1993a: 78; Bolton, 1995b: 208; Lattke, 2004: 97 (redescription).
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.
 * rugosa. Ponera rugosa Smith, F. 1857a: 66 (q.) BORNEO.
 * [Junior primary homonym of Ponera rugosa Le Guillou, 1842: 318.]
 * Combination in Stictoponera: Emery, 1911d: 48.
 * Status as species: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 51.
 * Replacement name: Ponera coxalis Roger, 1860: 308.
 * pinealis. Stictoponera costata var. pinealis Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 31 (q.) WEST MALAYSIA.
 * Junior synonym of costata: Brown, 1954h: 7.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.
 * simalurensis. Stictoponera costata st. simalurensis Forel, 1915a: 23 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumatra).
 * Junior synonym of costata: Brown, 1954h: 7.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.
 * unicolor. Stictoponera costata var. unicolor Forel, 1901f: 335 (w.) BORNEO.
 * Subspecies of costata: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 51.
 * Junior synonym of costata: Brown, 1954h: 7.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.
 * parva. Stictoponera rugosa r. parva Forel, 1913k: 6 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumatra).
 * Junior synonym of costata: Brown, 1954h: 7.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.
 * wallacei. Stictoponera wallacei Donisthorpe, 1932c: 447.
 * Unnecessary (second) replacement name for Ponera rugosa Smith, F. 1857a: 66; hence automatic junior synonym of coxalis Roger, 1860: 308 (first replacement name).
 * Junior synonym of costata: Brown, 1954h: 7.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.

Lattke (2004) - Roger (1860) described Ponera coxalis as a replacement name for P. rugosa, a homonym coined by F. Smith (1857) for what is now Gnamptogenys costata. Roger apparently based his description on a series of specimens from Sri Lanka, thinking they were the same species. Emery (1901) studied type material from Berlin and discerned characters useful for separating the two species, though he hinted at the possibility of its synonymy with Smith's P. rugosa. Brown (1954b) confirmed Emery's characters and cited more differences between G. coxalis and G. costata, though he still shared Emery's second thoughts about its distinctness from G. costata. He studied specimens in the NHMW that Roger sent to G. Mayr from Berlin and designated one of these specimens as a lectotype (Brown, 1954b). The material examined for this revision came from the NHMW bearing a determination label as “coxalis” in what apparently is Roger’s handwriting and the same collection data as the lectotype studied by Brown. The NHMW specimens also conform to Brown’s (1954b) description of G. coxalis. The discreteness of G. coxalis from G. costata is based on the following characters: G. costata has a distinct mesopleural suture; in G. costata the postpetiolar tergite is more foveolate, while in G. coxalis it is mostly strigulose; G. coxalis has a strigulose fourth abdominal tergite, not costate as in G. costata. In G. costata the propodeal declivity is concave and mostly smooth and shining, dorsally bordered by a transverse ridge between the propodeal teeth. In G. coxalis the propodeal declivity is transversely strigose and the dorsal and declivitous faces are not sharply divided by a ridge. The specimens from the ZMHB are minuten mounted, with one lacking a considerable part of the promesonotum.

Worker
Lattke (2004) - Metrics (n = 2): HL 1.52, 1.58; HW 1.36, 1.29; ML 0.83, 0.74; SL 1.37, 1.33; ED 0.27, 0.25; WL 2.25, 2.08 mm. CI 0.90, 0.82; SI 1.01, 1.03; MI 0.67, 0.57. Head with concave posterior margin in frontal view, relatively straight posterolateral margins, and convex oculomalar margin; clypeal lamella projecting anterad as broadly triangular median lobe; frons longitudinally strigulose, strigulae diverging posterad and arching over eyes; mandibular dorsum strigose. Scape mostly smooth and shining with sparse punctae; occipital lobe poorly developed, occipital lamella dorsally convex, ventrally angular.

Pronotal dorsum with punctae over rough transverse strigae that arch anterad, becoming longitudinal on posterior pronotum and mesonotum, humeral angle well developed; promesonotal suture and metanotal groove lacking; mesopleuron foveolate, mesopleural suture not distinctly impressed, katepisternum with rugosity; metapleuron with foveolae, mostly smooth and shining anterodorsally, becoming longitudinally strigose posteroventrally; propodeum unarmed, transversely strigose. Petiole dorsally irregularly foveolate; foveolae becoming more regular laterally; subpetiolar process projects anterad as a triangular lobe in lateral view; postpetiolar tergite with longitudinal strigulae enclosing elongate depressions, sternum strigulose, with longitudinal costulae extending posterad from anterior process; tergite of fourth abdominal segment longitudinally strigulose. Fore coxae laterally with transverse strigulae; fore tarsal base opposite strigil with uniform comb of spines; metacoxal teeth usually straight, sometimes slightly curved. Dorsum of thorax and abdominal segments 1-4 with scattered erect to subdecumbent hairs. Body mostly ferruginous brown, gaster usually darker; head, mesosoma, and gaster with abundant fine inclined hairs.

Type Material
Lattke (2004) - Lectotype worker: Ceylon [Sri Lanka] (Nietner) [Not examined]. Designated by Brown, 1954b:9.

Lattke (2004) - Holotype worker by monotypy: Burma [Myanmar], Tenasserim (Fea) (MCSN) [Examined].

Stictoponera costata var. unicolor Forel, 1901b:335. Syntype workers, queen: Borneo (MHNG) [Not examined]. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Stictoponera rugosa var. parva Forel, 1913:6. Holotype worker by monotypy: Sumatra (MHNG) [Not examined]. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Stictoponera costata var. simalurensis Forel, 1915:23. Holotype worker by monotypy: Sumatra (MHNG) [Not examined]. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Stictoponera costata var. pinealis Wheeler, W.M. 1929:31. Holotype queen by monotypy: Malaysia, Penang (Silvestri) (MCZC) [Examined]. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Stictoponera wallacei Donisthorpe, 1932:447. Replacement name for Ponera rugosa Smith, F. 1857:66. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Ponera rugosa

Holotype dealate queen in. Labelled “SAR. 20,” and “rugosa Sm.” There is also a Donisthorpe type-label and one that states “Stictoponera wallacei Donisthorpe,” his replacement name for the preoccupied P. rugosa F. Smith.

There is a specimen in that is incorrectly labelled as type of rugosa; it is actually a worker of Gnamptogenys menadensis (Mayr).