Morphology and Terminology

Body Morphology

 * Worker Morphology (Morphological Terms, from Bolton, 1994, in part)
 * Head (see [[Media:Richter, A., Keller, R.A. et al. 2019. The cephalic anatomy of workers of the ant species Wasmannia affinis.pdf|Richter et al., 2019]]; [[Media:Richter, A., Hita Garcia, F. et al. 2020. Comparative analysis of worker head anatomy (10.26049@ASP78-1-2020-06).pdf|Richter et al., 2020]])
 * Tentorium (see [[Media:Kubota, H., Yoshimura, J. et al. 2019. Morphology of the tentorium in the ant genus Lasius.pdf|Kubota et al., 2019]])
 * Mesosoma (see [[Media:Liu, S.-P., Richter, A. et al. 2019. The mesosomal anatomy of Myrmecia nigrocincta workers.pdf|Liu et al., 2019]])
 * Metathoracic spiracles (see [[Media:Fedoseeva, E.B. 2017. The metathoracic spiracles in some ants and wasps.pdf|Fedoseeva, 2017]])
 * Distal leg structures (see [[Media:Beutel, R.G., Richter, A. et al. 2020. Distal leg structures of the Aculeata (10.1002@jmor.21133).pdf|Beutel et al., 2020]])
 * Queen and Male Morphology (Boudinot, 2015)
 * Mandibles (Morphological and Functional Diversity of Ant Mandibles)
 * Trap-jaw mechanisms (Dacetine trap-jaws)
 * Male Genitalia (see [[Media:Boudinot_BE_(2013)_The_male_genitalia_of_ants_musculature,_homology,_and_functional_morphology.pdf|Boudinot, 2013]]; [[Media:Boudinot, B.E. 2018. A general theory of genital homologies for the Hexapoda (10.1016@j.asd.2018.11.001).pdf|Boudinot, 2018]]; [[Media:Tozetto, L., Lattke, J.E. 2020. Revealing male genital morphology in the giant ant genus Dinoponera (10.1016@j.asd.2020.100943).pdf|Tozetto & Lattke, 2020]].)
 * Setae
 * Hair Shape (Lattke et al. 2018)
 * Stature ([[Media:Wilson 1955a.pdf|Wilson, 1955]])


 * Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology Portal (Hymenoptera-wide homology concepts)

Wings

 * Wing venation (see [[Media:Brown & Nutting 1950.pdf|Brown & Nutting, 1950]])
 * Hindwings (see [[Media:Cantone, S., Zuben, C.J. von. 2019. The hindwings of ants.pdf|Cantone et al., 2019]])

Morphometrics

 * Morphological Measurements

Surface Sculpture

 * Surface Sculpturing (Harris 1979)
 * Surface Sculpturing II

Caste morphology

 * Caste Terminology

Internal Organs
During independent, claustral colony foundation of ant queens the flight muscles degenerate. The then „empty“ space within the thorax can be filled with a considerable swelling of the esophagus, which may serve as a „thoracic crop“, in addition to the usual crop in the gaster. Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, p.157: „More recently, it has been found that the esophagus of the queen expands into a "thoracic crop" in which the converted tissues are temporarily held in liquid form. In Pharaoh's ant (Monomorium pharaonis), the esophagus diameter widens from 7-10 micrometers to 265 micrometers. The thoracic crop has been demonstrated in five genera of Myrmicinae and Formicinae so far (Petersen-Braun and Buschinger, 1975).“
 * Digestive tract
 * Thoracic crop (see Petersen-Braun, M.; Buschinger, A. 1975: Entstehung und Funktion eines thorakalen Kropfes bei Formiciden-Königinnen. Insectes Sociaux 22: 51-66 (Development and function of a thoracic crop in ant queens); Casadei-Ferreira, A., Fischer, G., Economo, E.P. 2020. Evidence for a thoracic crop in the workers of some Neotropical Pheidole species (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Arthropod Structure, Development 59, 100977 (doi:10.1016/J.ASD.2020.100977)

Life History Strategies

 * Terminology Descriptions of life history strategies used throughout AntWiki.