Monomorium phoenicum

This taxon is not in use as it is currently considered to be a junior synonym of Monomorium bicolor.

Nomenclature

 * . Monomorium (Xeromyrmex) subopacum var. phoenicum Santschi, 1927d: 242.
 * Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens (numbers not stated).
 * Type-localities: Lebanon: Tripoli (no collector’s name), Egypt: Suez (no collector’s name), Israel (“Palestine”) (no further data).
 * Type-depository: MSNG.
 * [First available use of Monomorium salomonis subsp. subopacum var. phoenicia Emery, 1908h: 677 (w.q.) LEBANON; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name.]
 * [Misspelled as phaenicium by Santschi, 1934d: 277; misspelled as phoenicium by Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, 2014: 135.]
 * Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916: 170 (m.).
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916: 170; Donisthorpe, 1918b: 166; Emery, 1922e: 178; Emery, 1924a: 9; Kutter, 1928: 66; Ettershank, 1966: 91.
 * Subspecies of subopacum: Menozzi, 1933b: 62; Menozzi, 1934: 161; Santschi, 1934d: 277; Finzi, 1936: 177; Finzi, 1940: 161.
 * Subspecies of salomonis: Weber, 1952c: 14.
 * Status as species: Collingwood, 1985: 272; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 55; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (in key); Collingwood, 1993b: 194; Bolton, 1995b: 266; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 353; Petrov, 2006: 94 (in key); Legakis, 2011: 15; Collingwood, et al. 2011: 435; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 519; Borowiec, L. 2014: 124; Tohmé, G. & Tohmé, 2014: 135; Lebas, et al. 2016: 304; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2020: 14.
 * Distribution: Egypt, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya. Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2012. Ants of Greece - Checklist, comments and new faunistic data (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus 23(4): 461-563.
 * Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230-302.
 * Collingwood C. A., D. Agosti, M. R. Sharaf, A. Van Harten, 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 4: 405-474
 * Collingwood C.A., D.Agosti, M.R. Sharaf, and A. van Harten. 2011. Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Arthropod fauna of the UAE, 4: 405474
 * Collingwood, C. A. 1993. A Comparitive Study of the Ant Fauna of Five Greek Islands. Biologia Gallo-hellenica. 20,1:191-197
 * Collingwood, C. A. "A comparative study of the ant fauna of five Greek islands." Biologia Gallo-Hellenica 20 (1993): 191-197.
 * Czechowski W., A. Radchenko, W. Czechowska and K. Vepsäläinen. 2012. The ants of Poland with reference to the myrmecofauna of Europe. Fauna Poloniae 4. Warsaw: Natura Optima Dux Foundation, 1-496 pp
 * El-Hawagry M. S., M. R. Sharaf, H. M. Al Dhafer, H. H. Fadl, and A. S. Aldawood. 2015. Addenda to the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with zoogeographical notes. Journal of Natural History http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1103913
 * Emery, C. "Beiträge zur Monographie der Formiciden des paläarktischen Faunengebietes. (Hym.) Teil V. Monomorium." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1908 (1908): 663-686.
 * Finzi, B. "Risultati scientifici della spedizione di S. A. S. il Principe Alessandro della Torre e Tasso nell'Egitto e peninsola del Sinai. XI. Formiche." Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 20 (1936): 155-210.
 * Legakis Collection Database
 * Menozzi C. 1934. Reperti mirmecofaunistici raccolti dal Prof. L di Caporiacco nelle oasi di Cufra e in altre localita del deserto Libico. Atti della Societa dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena (6)13(65): 153-166
 * Santschi, F. 1927. Révision myrmécologique. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belge 67: 240-248.
 * Santschi, F. "Fourmis d'une croisière." Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique (Bruxelles) 74 (1934): 273-282.
 * Santschi, F. "Révision myrmécologique." Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique (Bruxelles) 67 (1927): 240-248.
 * Sharaf M. R., B. L. Fisher, H. M. Al Dhafer, A. Polaszek, and A. S. Aldawood. 2018. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 10: e010004
 * Tohme G. 1996. Formicidae. Etude de la diversité biologique n° 4 . Ministère de lAgriculture à Beyrouth (Eds.). P85-87.
 * Tohme G., and H. Tohme. 2014. Nouvelles liste des especes de fourmis du Liban (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea). Lebanese Science Journal 15(1): 133-141.
 * Vonshak M., and A. Ionescu-Hirsch. 2009. A checklist of the ants of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 33-55.
 * Weber N. A. 1952. Observations on Baghdad ants. Baghdad: The Trading and Printing Co., 30 pp.
 * Wheeler W. M. and W. M. Mann. 1916. The ants of the Phillips Expedition to Palestine during 1914. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 60: 167-174.