Pseudoneoponera insularis

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Indo-Australian Region: Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia. Oriental Region: Vietnam.

Biology
Colonies are extremely small (10 workers/colony). Most colonies have one gamergate (Ito 1993). However winged queens also exist in this species, and 1 colony in Bogor was found with a dealated queen (F. Ito pers. comm.). This suggests that gamergates can function as secondary reproductives, although most colonies are likely to multiply by fission.

Nomenclature

 * . Bothroponera insularis Emery, 1889b: 495 (footnote) (w.) INDONESIA (Java).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: Indonesia: Java, Ardjoeno.
 * Type-depository: MSNG.
 * Combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Emery, 1900d: 667;
 * combination in Bothroponera: Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55;
 * combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 306;
 * combination in Pseudoneoponera: Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, 2014: 135.
 * Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 36; Emery, 1900d: 667; Forel, 1901f: 347; Forel, 1903a: 713; Forel, 1905c: 6; Emery, 1911d: 76; Forel, 1912n: 52; Forel, 1913k: 7; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 113; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 50; Bolton, 1995b: 306; Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 57.
 * Distribution: Indonesia (Java, Mentawei, Sumatra), Malaysia (peninsula), Singapore, Sri Lanka.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus brevior.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
 * Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
 * Emery, C. "Formiche raccolte da Elio Modigliani in Sumatra, Engano e Mentawei." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 20, no. 40 (1900): 661-722.
 * Forel A. 1901. Nouvelles espèces de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espèce nouvelle d'Eciton). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 9: 325-353.
 * Forel A. 1903. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part X. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 679-715.
 * Forel A. 1905. Ameisen aus Java. Gesammelt von Prof. Karl Kraepelin 1904. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hambg. 22: 1-26.
 * Forel A. 1912. Einige neue und interessante Ameisenformen aus Sumatra etc. Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. 15: 51-78.
 * Forel A. 1913. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise nach Ostindien ausgeführt im Auftrage der Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von H. v. Buttel-Reepen. II. Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. v. Buttel-Reepen in den Jahren 1911-1912. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 36:1-148.
 * Pfeiffer M., and D. Mezger. 2012. Biodiversity Assessment in Incomplete Inventories: Leaf Litter Ant Communities in Several Types of Bornean Rain Forest. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40729. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040891
 * Pfeiffer M., and D. Mezger. 2012. Biodiversity Assessment in Incomplete Inventories: Leaf Litter Ant Communities in Several Types of Bornean Rain Forest. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40729. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041085
 * Pfeiffer M.; Mezger, D.; Hosoishi, S.; Bakhtiar, E. Y.; Kohout, R. J. 2011. The Formicidae of Borneo (Insecta: Hymenoptera): a preliminary species list. Asian Myrmecology 4:9-58
 * Zryanin V. A. 2011. An eco-faunistic review of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In: Structure and functions of soil communities of a monsoon tropical forest (Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam) / A.V. Tiunov (Editor). – M.: KMK Scientific Press. 2011. 277 р.101-124.