Formica wheeleri

This species usually nests under stones, but may construct earthen mounds or even thatched domes in rocky loam soils. Reproductives were found in nests in July, dealate females also in July. The males are apparently very large (Cole, 1955c; Mackay and Mackay 2002).

Identification
The petiole of this species has a blunt apex and is wide as seen from the front. The head is often darker than the mesosoma. The underside of the head usually has a pair of erect hairs. The hairs on the gaster are about 0.1 mm long, and are moderately fine, mostly sharp-tipped. Those on the pronotum are shorter, thicker and at least a few are blunt-tipped. The eyes are large, extending past the sides of the head in most workers. (Mackay and Mackay 2002)

Distribution
United States: Idaho and Montana to North Dakota, south to Nevada, New Mexico and Arizona.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Nearctic Region: United States. Neotropical Region: Mexico.

Habitat
In New Mexico (Mackay and Mackay 2002) - Sagebrush scrub, grasslands up to ponderosa pine and aspen-spruce forests.

Biology
This species is a member of a group of Formica species that were formerly placed in the subgenus Raptiformica. All species are facultative slavemakers, i.e., species which usually or often have slaves but can get along without them. The colony-founding female forces her way into a small colony of another species of Formica, somehow gets rid of its queen and workers and appropriates its nest and brood. The workers emerging from this brood accept the intruding queen as their own. The enslaved species belong to the Formica neogagates, fusca, and pallidefulva species groups. When the workers of the slave-making species have become numerous enough, they start raiding for more slaves.

Nevada, Wheeler and Wheeler (1986) We have 2 records from the same locality in the Cool Desert: Washoe Co.: 11 mi. S Reno, 5,500 ft. One nest was under a stone; the other was exposed and surmounted by a low crater of fine soil 37 cm in diameter. The workers were fast and aggressive.

Slave Making
Formica wheeleri is known to enslave the following species:
 * (probably Formica subaenescens rather than F. fusca)
 * (Mackay and Mackay, 2002)
 * (probably Formica subaenescens rather than F. fusca)
 * (Mackay and Mackay, 2002)
 * (Mackay and Mackay, 2002)
 * (Mackay and Mackay, 2002)

Nomenclature

 *  wheeleri. Formica wheeleri Creighton, 1935: 1, fig. 1 (w.q.) U.S.A. Combination in F. (Raptiformica): Creighton, 1950a: 472.