Asphinctopone silvestrii

All examples of this species were retrieved from samples of leaf litter or topsoil, or in the rotting trunks of fallen trees, small pieces of dead wood, a rotting banana stem on the forest floor, and once from a termitary. (Bolton and Fisher 2008)

Distribution
This taxon was described from Nigeria. It is also found in Central African Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana and Guinea.

Nomenclature

 *  silvestrii. Asphinctopone silvestrii Santschi, 1914d: 318, fig. 6 (w.) NIGERIA. Bolton & Fisher, 2008a: (q.). Senior synonym of lamottei, lucidus: Bolton & Fisher, 2008a: 57.
 * lucidus. Asphinctopone lucidus Weber, 1949b: 7, figs. 5-7 (w.) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC. Junior synonym of silvestrii: Bolton & Fisher, 2008a: 57.
 * lamottei. Lepidopone lamottei Bernard, 1953b: 208, fig. 4 (w.) GUINEA. Combination in Asphinctopone: Brown, 1953h: 3. Junior synonym of silvestrii: Bolton & Fisher, 2008a: 57.

Worker
Bolton and Fisher (2008) - TL 3.3-3.6, HL 0.78-0.83, HW 0.62-0.68, CI 78-83, SL 0.53-0.63, SI 85-93, PW 0.44-0.49, WL 0.96-1.06 (20 measured).

Mandible smooth and shining, unsculptured except for a few pits from which hairs arise. Eye small, maximum diameter 0.04 – 0.06 (OI 6 – 9), of only 5 – 8 poorly defined ommatidia. No distinct carina present between eye and base of mandible but a fine, weak cuticular crest present laterally that extends from the base of the mandible to above the eye, and terminates just behind the level of the eye. In full-face view posterior margin of head very shallowly convex. In the same view the scape, when laid straight back from its insertion, just fails to reach, to fractionally exceeds, the posterior margin. Dorsal surface of frontal lobes more strongly sculptured than remainder of head. Dorsum of head finely minutely punctulate; sides behind and below eyes with widely scattered, slightly larger punctures, the spaces between them smooth and shining. Promesonotal suture with short cross-ribs on the anterior margin of the mesonotal section. In profile the promesonotal suture and metanotal groove are both narrow and deeply impressed, so that the relatively short mesonotum forms a distinct, isolated convexity between them. Base of metanotal groove with short cross-ribs. Sulcus between mesonotum and mesopleuron present, the latter also with a transverse sulcus that divides it into anepisternum and katepisternum. Propodeal outline in profile slightly variable in shape: length and slope of dorsum shows variation, as does the degree of convexity of the dorsum and posterior angle, and the convexity of the posterior face, which varies from straight to very weakly convex. Propodeum unarmed and the small propodeal spiracle is low down on the side. Dorsum of pronotum and mesonotum sparsely sculptured with scattered small punctures, the density of the punctures weakly variable between individuals; punctures on propodeal dorsum more coarse. Side of propodeum with scattered punctures, the spaces between them generally smooth but sometimes with faint traces of interstitial sculpture; propodeal declivity unsculptured, weakly marginate laterally. Legs relatively short, maximum length of hind femur 0.60 – 0.67. Petiole surmounted by an unsculptured high, narrow scale that is convex dorsally (petiole maximum height 0.52 – 0.58; maximum thickness of scale in profile 0.14 – 0.18); scale in dorsal view broad (maximum width 0.36 – 0.39). Petiole with a short posterior peduncle that is equipped dorsally with three strong transverse carinae; rarely there is a trace of a fourth carina posteriorly. Subpetiolar process complex, as discussed above. First and second gastral tergites with small punctures, those on the second tergite usually somewhat more dense than on the first; spaces between punctures smooth and shining. Setae sparsely present on clypeus, very dense on pygidium and hypopygium, but otherwise all dorsal surfaces of head, mesosoma, petiole and gaster lack setae. Ventral surface of head with 1-2 short setae present, and a few on gastral sternites 1-3. Scapes, femora and tibiae have fine appressed pubescence but completely lack standing setae. Dorsal surfaces of head and mesosoma with sparse appressed pubescence, especially scanty on the dorsal propodeum where it is almost absent. Colour of individuals varies from reddish yellow to reddish brown.

Queen
Bolton and Fisher (2008) - TL 3.8, HL 0.79, HW 0.64, CI 81, SL 0.56, SI 88, PW 0.52, WL 1.08.

Slightly larger but otherwise very similar to the worker, with cephalic measurements falling within the same range. The extra size is accounted for by the mesosoma, which has a full set of flight sclerites, and a slightly larger gaster. Transverse sulcus on mesopleuron is more strongly developed than in worker. Head with three ocelli present; eye distinctly larger than in worker, its maximum diameter 0.16 (OI 25). Known from only a single dealate specimen (BMNH).

Type Material
Bolton and Fisher (2008):

Holotype worker, NIGERIA: Olokemeji, xii. 1912 (F. Silvestri) (not in DEUN or, presumed lost; see note).

Asphinctopone lucidus Holotype worker, CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (= “Fr. Equat. Africa” on data label): Ubangi-Shari, Bas Mbomu, 5 mi. W. of Bangassou, 12.iii.1948, #2210 (N.A. Weber) [examined].

Lepidopone lamottei Holotype worker, GUINEA: 22. Nyon For. (= Nion, Mt. Nimba), 10.1.8/2 (Lamotte) [examined].

Note. Conversations between Bruno Spinosa (DEUN) and Fabrizio Rigato (MSNM), as reported to Barry Bolton, have established that the holotype of A. silvestrii cannot be found in the Silvestri collection in Naples. Daniel Burckhardt informs us that the silvestrii holotype has never been in the Santschi collection.

Additional References

 * [[Media:Bernard 1953b.pdf|Bernard, F. 1953b [1952]. La réserve naturelle intégrale du Mt Nimba. XI. Hyménoptères Formicidae. Mém. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire 19: 165-270 PDF]]


 * [[Media:Bolton & Fisher 2008.pdf|BOLTON, B. & FISHER, B.L. 2008a. The Afrotropical ponerine ant genus Asphinctopone Santschi. Zootaxa 1827: 53-61. PDF]]


 * [[Media:Brown 1953h.pdf|Brown, W. L., Jr. 1953h. Characters and synonymies among the genera of ants. Part II. Breviora 18: 1-8 PDF]]


 * [[Media:Hawkes 2010.pdf|Hawkes, P. G. 2010. A new species of Asphinctopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Tanzania. Zootaxa. 2480:27-36. PDF]]


 * [[Media:Santschi 1914d.pdf|Santschi, F. 1914d. Formicides de l'Afrique occidentale et australe du voyage de Mr. le Professeur F. Silvestri. Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agrar. R. Sc. Super. Agric. 8: 309-385 PDF]]


 * [[Media:Weber 1949b.pdf|Weber, N. A. 1949b. New ponerine ants from equatorial Africa. Am. Mus. Novit. 1398: 1-9 PDF]]