Dorylus fulvus

Arnold (1915) observed these ants tending an unidentified Membracidae, one of just a few rare records of an army ant associating with honeydew producing insects.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: Central African Republic, Gambia, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, United Republic of Tanzania, Zimbabwe. Oriental Region: India, Pakistan. Palaearctic Region: Algeria, Balearic Islands, Oman, Turkey.

Nomenclature

 * . Typhlopone fulva Westwood, 1839: 218 (in text), fig. 86.17-20 (w.) (no state data).
 * Type-material: 3 syntype workers.
 * [Note: number of specimens is given by Westwood, 1840b: 81.]
 * Type-locality: none given, “found dead in sugar” (C.C. Babington).
 * Type-depository: OXUM.
 * [Misspelled as fulvis by Prins, 1963: 97, in the combination D. fulvis badius.]
 * Emery, 1895j: 723 (m.).
 * Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 10;
 * combination in D. (Typhlopone): Emery, 1895j: 723.
 * Status as species: Westwood, 1840b: 87 (redescription); Smith, F. 1858b: 110; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery 1897e: 595; Emery, 1899a: 499; Emery, 1901c: 196 (in key); Forel, 1904b: 369; Forel, 1904c: 5; Mayr, 1907a: 387; Mayr, 1907b: 8; Emery, 1910b: 13; Forel, 1910a: 6; Stitz, 1910: 128; Forel, 1910f: 4; Karavaiev, 1912a: 2; Forel, 1913d: 427; Santschi, 1914d: 333; Arnold, 1915: 125; Emery, 1915g: 6; Stitz, 1917: 335; Bondroit, 1918: 15; Donisthorpe, 1918b: 166; Emery, 1919c: 102; Crawley, 1920a: 163; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 742; Müller, 1923b: 30; Santschi, 1926e: 235; Kutter, 1928: 66; Crawley, in Santschi, 1928d: 55 (redescription); Santschi, 1931d: 407; Finzi, 1936: 156; Finzi, 1940: 155; Weber, 1952c: 6; Ceballos, 1956: 295; Cagniant, 1964: 86; Cagniant, 1968a: 142; Cagniant, 1970a: 413; Collingwood, 1985: 233; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 52; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264; Kugler, J. 1988: 256; Bolton, 1995b: 178; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 307; Espadaler, 1997b: 27; Cagniant, 2006a: 195; Petrov, 2006: 82 (in key); Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 5; Hita Garcia, et al. 2013: 203; Borowiec, L. 2014: 71 (see note in bibliography); Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 22; Rasheed, et al. 2019: 428.
 * Senior synonym of clausii: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 744; Müller, 1923b: 30; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * Senior synonym of dahlbomii: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * Senior synonym of homalinus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743.
 * Senior synonym of kirbii: Smith, F. 1858b: 110; Mayr, 1863: 457; Roger, 1863b: 20; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * Senior synonym of shuckardi: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * Senior synonym of spinolae: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * Senior synonym of thwaitsii: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * Distribution: Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Guinea, India, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain (+ Balearics), Sudan, Syria, Tanzania (+ Zanzibar), Tunisia, Turkey, Yemen.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus badius, crosi, dentifrons, eurous, glabratus, juvenculus, mordax, obscurior, punicus, ruficeps, saharensis.
 * ''[Note: Smith, F. 1858b: 111, has “Hab. West India Islands?” which is unlikely.].
 * Type-depository: unknown (“In Mus. D.C.C. Babington”; perhaps OXUM).
 * Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 10.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10.
 * Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * ''[Note: Smith, F. 1858b: 111, has “Hab. West India Islands?” which is unlikely.].
 * Type-depository: unknown (“In Mus. nostr. Communic. D. Raddon”; perhaps OXUM).
 * Combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
 * Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 180.
 * clausii. Typhlopone clausii Joseph, 1882: 47 (w.) SLOVENIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Slovenia: Krain (“Krainer Tropfsteingrotten”), caves of S. Kanzian (Mataún), Corgnale, and S. Servolo, iv.1875, and 1881 (G. Joseph).
 * Type-depository: NHMW.
 * Combination in Dorylus: André, 1882c: 252.
 * Status as species: André, 1882c: 252 (in key).
 * Junior synonym of juvenculus: Emery, 1891b: 1.
 * Subspecies of juvenculus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 12.
 * Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 744; Müller, 1923b: 30; Bolton, 1995b: 178.
 * homalinus. Cosmaecetes homalinus Spinola, 1851b: 55 (w.) Brazil (Pará).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality (in error): Brazil: Pará, 1846 (Ghiliani).
 * [Note: Spinola, 1853b: 71, says that he found three workers in M. Rambur’s collection that were exactly the same as the holotype, but from Algeria. Emery, 1893h: 1, confirms that homalinus is from North Africa.]
 * Type-depository: MRSN.
 * [Also described as new by Spinola, 1853: 71.]
 * [Misspelled as omalinus by Emery, 1893h: 1, Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160.]
 * Combination in Typhlopone: Smith, F. 1858b: 111;
 * combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 11.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 11.
 * Junior synonym of juvenculus: Emery, 1893h: 1; Bolton, 1995b: 179 (error).
 * Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743.
 * kirbii. Labidus (Typhlopone) kirbii Shuckard, 1840b: 265 (w.) (no state data).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * [Note: Shuckard, 1840b: 265, says of the holotype, “I have only the head, which is attached to the thigh of a Formica.”]
 * Type-locality: none given.
 * Type-depository: BMNH? (Shuckard says, “in my own collection”.)
 * Junior synonym of fulvus: Smith, F. 1858b: 110; Roger, 1861a: 45; Mayr, 1863: 457; Roger, 1863b: 20; Dalla Torre, 1893: 10; Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 179.
 * shuckardi. Dorylus shuckardi Ritsema, 1874: 182 (m.) (no state data).
 * Type-material: 2 syntype males.
 * Type-locality: “Lower Guinea” (= Ghana to Nigeria): (no further data) (E. Piaget).
 * Type-depository: unknown (perhaps NNML).
 * [Junior secondary homonym of Typhlopone shuckardi Westwood, 1840b: 88.]
 * Subspecies of atriceps: Emery, in Dalla Torre, 1893: 10.
 * Replacement name: Dorylus ritsemae Dalla Torre, 1892: 89.
 * spinolae. Labidus (Typhlopone) spinolae Shuckard, 1840c: 327 (w.) (no state data).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: none given (G.H.K. Thwaites).
 * Type-depository: unknown (“in the collection of Mr Thwaites”.)
 * [Note: Smith, F. 1858b: 111, says that the single specimen was in “sugar casks from South America”. There is no such statement in the original description, but if the comment is correct then spinolae can not be a Dorylus species.]
 * Combination in Labidus: Westwood, 1842: 77;
 * combination in Typhlopone: Smith, F. 1858b: 111;
 * combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
 * Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 180.
 * thwaitsii. Labidus (Typhlopone) thwaitsii Shuckard, 1840c: 326 (w.) (no state data).
 * Type-material: holotype(?) worker.
 * [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
 * Type-locality: none given (G.H.K. Thwaites).
 * Type-depository: unknown (“in the collection of Mr Thwaites”.)
 * [Note: Smith, F. 1858b: 111, says that the specimen(s) were in, “sugar casks from South America”. There is no such statement in the original description, but if the comment is correct then thwaitsii can not be a Dorylus species.]
 * [Misspelled as twaitsi by Emery, 1910b: 13.]
 * Combination in Typhlopone: Smith, F. 1858b: 111;
 * combination in Dorylus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 111; Roger, 1861a: 45; Roger, 1863b: 20; Mayr, 1863: 457; Dalla Torre, 1893: 13.
 * Junior synonym of fulvus: Emery, 1895j: 723; Emery, 1910b: 13; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 743; Bolton, 1995b: 180.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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