Monomorium carbonarium

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Cuba. Oriental Region: India. Palaearctic Region: Canary Islands, Iberian Peninsula, Iraq, Oman, Portugal, Spain.

It is known to occur in Medeira, Azores, Saudi Arabia and Iraq (Abdul-Rassoul et al. 2013).

Nomenclature

 * . Myrmica carbonaria Smith, F. 1858b: 127 (w.q.m.) PORTUGAL (Madeira I.).
 * Type-material: syntype worker(s), syntype queen(s), syntype male(s) (numbers not stated).
 * Type-locality: Portugal: Madeira (T.V. Wollaston).
 * Type-depository: BMNH.
 * Combination in Monomorium: Roger, 1863b: 31.
 * Junior synonym of minutum: Mayr, 1862: 753 (in text); Mayr, 1863: 429; Mayr, 1865: 91; Dours, 1873: 169; Bingham, 1903: 210; Tiwari, 1999: 58 (error).
 * Subspecies of minutum: André, 1883a: 333; Emery, 1893c: 82; Dalla Torre, 1893: 67; Emery, 1895c: 274; Emery, 1908h: 681.
 * Status as species: Roger, 1863b: 31, 49; McCook, 1880: 188; Forel, 1881: 8; Emery, 1881b: 532 (in key); Emery, 1890b: 48; Emery, 1894k: 54; Forel, 1899c: 78; Forel, 1903a: 687; Forel, 1904f: 422; Forel, 1907a: 18; Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: 19; Mann, 1920: 406; Emery, 1922e: 171; Wheeler, W.M. 1923c: 4; Santschi, 1933a: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 198; Kusnezov, 1949a: 425; Creighton, 1950a: 218; Ettershank, 1966: 88; Yarrow, 1967: 27; Kempf, 1972a: 143; Alayo, 1974: 14 (in key); Collingwood, 1985: 270; Bolton, 1995b: 260; Mohamed, Zalat, et al. 2001: 52; Wetterer, et al. 2007: 14; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 489; Borowiec, L. 2014: 117; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 39; Lebas, et al. 2016: 302.
 * Distribution: Egypt, France, Oman, Portugal (+ Azores, Madeira), Spain.

Description
Worker

Smith (1858): Coal-black, smooth and shining: the antennae and legs dark rufo-fuscous, scarcely black; the basal joints of the flagellum, the articulations of the legs and the tarsi, pale rufo-testaceous, the claw-joint of the tarsi darkest. Thorax about the same length as the head, with a deep strangulation between the meso- and metathorax, the latter truncate behind. not spined. Abdomen ovate, truncate at the base, pointed at the apex, the nodes elevated and rounded above.

Queen

Smith (1858): Of the same colour as the worker, differing only in the sexual characteristics of length of thorax and abdomen.

Male

Smith (1858): Head and thorax opake black, the legs and abdomen shining; the clypeus, scutellum, and verge of the truncation of the metathorax, shining; wings colourless and iridescent, the costal nervure and stigma testaceous; abdomen oblong-ovate; the nodes of the petiole transverse, their upper margin subemarginate.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Emery, C.. "Beiträge zur Monographie der Formiciden des paläarktischen Faunengebietes. (Hym.) Teil V. Monomorium." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1908 (1908): 663-686.
 * Emery, C.. "Voyage de M. Ch. Alluaud aux îles Canaries. Formicides." Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 62 (1893): 81-88.
 * Espadaler. 2010. Hymenoptera (Formicidae) in Chapter 11: List of Arthropods (Arthropoda), in Borges P.A.V. and V Vieira et al. (Eds.). 2010. A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, 432 pp.
 * Forel A. 1904. Dimorphisme du mâle chez les fourmis et quelques autres notices myrmécologiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 48: 421-425.
 * Wetterer J. K., X. Espadaler, A. L. Wetterer, D. Aguin-Pombo, and A. M. Franquinho-Aguiar. 2006. Long-term impact of exotic ants on the native ants of Madeira. Ecological Entomology 31: 358-368.
 * Wetterer J. K., X. Espadaler, A. L. Wetterer, D. Aguin-Pombo, and A. M. Franquinho-Aguiar. 2007. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Madeiran archipelago. Sociobiology 49: 265-297.
 * Wetterer J. K., X. Espadaler, A. L. Wetterer, and S. G. M. Cabral. 2004. Native and exotic ants of the Azores (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 44: 1-20.
 * Wetterer J. K., X. Espadaler, A.L. Wetterer, and S.G.M. Cabral. 2004. Native and exotic ants of the Azores (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 44: 1-20.
 * Wetterer, James K., Wetterer, Andrea L., and Cabral, Susana G. M. 2004. Native and Exotic Ants of the Azores (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology. 44(1):1-20.
 * Yarrow, I.H.H. 1967. On the Formicidae of the Azores. Blotim Do Museu Municipal Do Funchal. XXI(97):24-32.