Neivamyrmex harrisii

This species raids nests of Pheidole xerophila. Males were collected at lights from June to the first part of October. They were especially abundant in late July. (Mackay and Mackay 2002)

Identification
Males of this common species are regularly collected at lights. They are superficially similar to those of Neivamyrmex andrei but the mandibular shape and the large ocelli will serve to separate them from that species. (Snelling and Snelling 2007)

Distribution
United States: AZ, TX, OK and NM. Mexico: border states south at least to Colima in the east and Nayarit in the west.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Nearctic Region: United States. Neotropical Region: Mexico.

Habitat
Creosotebush scrub up to foothills thorn scrub.

Nomenclature

 * . Labidus harrisii Haldeman, 1852: 367, pl. 9, figs. 4-6 (m.) U.S.A. (Texas).
 * Type-material: holotype male.
 * Type-locality: U.S.A.: Texas, Fort Gates (H. Haldemann).
 * Type-depository: unknown (no type-material known to exist (Snelling, G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 473)).
 * Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1984: 273 (l.).
 * Combination in Eciton (Labidus): Mayr, 1886d: 441;
 * combination in E. (Acamatus): Emery, 1900a: 187;
 * combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 572;
 * combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1955: 522.
 * Status as species: Roger, 1863b: 42; Mayr, 1863: 424; Cresson, 1872: 194; Mayr, 1886d: 441; Cresson, 1887: 259; Dalla Torre, 1893: 3; Emery, 1895c: 261, Forel, 1899c: 28; Emery, 1900a: 177 (in key); Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 413; Emery, 1910b: 26; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 562; Essig, 1926: 869; Cole, 1937a: 98; Smith, M.R. 1938b: 158; Smith, M.R. 1942c: 572 (redescription); Creighton, 1950a: 72; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 780; Borgmeier, 1955: 522 (redescription); Forbes & Do-Van-Quy, 1965: 95; Smith, M.R. 1967: 345; Watkins, 1968: 275; Watkins, 1971: 94 (in key); Kempf, 1972a: 155; Watkins, 1972: 350 (in key); Hunt & Snelling, 1975: 21; Watkins, 1976: 16 (in key); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1330; Watkins, 1982: 210 (in key); Watkins, 1985: 483 (in key); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 19 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 289; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 57; Snelling, G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 473.
 * Senior synonym of dubia: Watkins, 1968: 275; Kempf, 1972a: 155; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1330; Bolton, 1995b: 289; Snelling, G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 473.
 * Senior synonym of wheeleri: Watkins, 1968: 275; Kempf, 1972a: 155; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1330; Bolton, 1995b: 289; Snelling, G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 473.
 * Distribution: Mexico, U.S.A.
 * dubia. Eciton (Acamatus) wheeleri subsp. dubia Creighton, 1932: 75, pl. 3, figs. 1-3 (w.q.) U.S.A. (Texas).
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated, “numerous”), 1 syntype ergatoid queen.
 * Type-locality: U.S.A.: Texas, 5 mi. W Fort Worth (H. Ruckes).
 * Type-depositories: LACM, MCZC (perhaps also AMNH (Snelling, G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 472)).
 * Subspecies of wheeleri: Smith, M.R. 1938b: 158.
 * Junior synonym of wheeleri: Smith, M.R. 1942c: 561; Creighton, 1950a: 76; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 781; Borgmeier, 1955: 511.
 * Junior synonym of harrisii: Watkins, 1968: 275; Kempf, 1972a: 155; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1330; Bolton, 1995b: 289; Snelling, G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 473.
 * enzmanni. Neivamyrmex enzmanni Özdikmen, 2010c: 987.
 * Replacement name for Woitkowskia mexicana Enzmann, E.V. 1952: 445. [Junior secondary homonym of Labidus mexicanus Smith, F. 1859b: 7.]
 * [Note: Özdikmen’s replacement name was proposed subsequent to Snelling G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 472 synonymy of mexicana Enzmann under halidaii; hence enzmanni is an automatic junior synonym of halidaii.]
 * wheeleri. Eciton wheeleri Emery, 1901d: 55, fig. 8 (w.) U.S.A. (Texas).
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: U.S.A.: Texas, Itays (= Hays) County (W.M. Wheeler).
 * Type-depository: MCZC, MHNG, MSNG.
 * Smith, M.R. 1942c: 562 (q.).
 * Combination in E. (Acamatus): Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 412;
 * combination in E. (Neivamyrmex): Smith, M.R. 1942c: 561;
 * combination in Neivamyrmex: Borgmeier, 1953: 6.
 * Status as species: Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 412 (redescription); Emery, 1910b: 25; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 562; Smith, M.R. 1938b: 158; Smith, M.R. 1942c: 561 (redescription); Creighton, 1950a: 76; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 781; Borgmeier, 1955: 511 (redescription); Smith, M.R. 1967: 345.
 * Junior synonym of harrisii: Watkins, 1968: 275; Kempf, 1972a: 155; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1330; Bolton, 1995b: 292; Snelling, G.C. & Snelling, 2007: 473.

Male
Smith (1942) - Length 10.5 mm.

Head approximately one and three-fourths times as broad as long. Eye remarkably large, convex, protuberant. Ocelli large, placed on protuberance well elevated above general surface of head. Frontal carinae subparallel medianally, usually with a weak groove between them. Ridge above antennal socket prominent, most distinct from above. Antennal scape approximately as long as combined length of first 3 funicular segments; funiculus broadest near base, gradually narrowing toward apex. Mandible robust, with convex inferior and somewhat straight superior border, the two borders subparallel in basal half and tapering in apical half to form a blunt point. The large, protuberant eye, in profile, occupies all of the side of the head except a very narrow area above the base of the mandible, and a larger space posterodorsad of the eye. Thorax slender. Anterior surface of prothorax, in profile, with a transverse impression. Epinotum subtruncate or weakly concave. Tarsal claws feebly or nontoothed. Petiole small; about one and one-half times as broad as long, with rounded, weakly defined posterior corners. Gaster slender, with distinct but not very strong constrictions between segments. Intermediate tooth of seventh gastric sternum short but distinct. A weak transverse impression near base of sixth gastric tergum. Lower part of aedeagus terminating in a pair of processes, which when viewed from a posterior direction resemble very much a hand with only the index finger extended.

Mandibles, head, and thorax with small but distinct punctures, well scattered on side of thorax, more dense on dorsum. Anterior border of each gastric segment smooth. Body and appendages, except funiculi, shining in some lights.

Pilosity yellowish, rather abundant; longest on mandibles, antennal scapes, head, legs, sides and venter of thorax, venter of petiole, and gaster; more appressed elsewhere. Seventh gastric sternum rather densely pilose.

Light to dark brown, with dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and petiole darker. Wings pale, with weak grayish or yellowish cast; veins and stigma light brown to dark brown.

Type Material
Smith (1942) - Type apparently lost. Fort Gates, Coryell County, Tex., Lieut. Horace Haldeman (see type material comments for Neivamyrmex melshaemeri).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Borgmeier T. 1955. Die Wanderameisen der neotropischen Region. Studia Entomologica 3: 1-720.
 * Cokendolpher J. C., and O. F. Francke. 1990. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of western Texas. Part II. Subfamilies Ecitoninae, Ponerinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, Dolichoderinae, and Formicinae. Special Publications, the Museum. Texas Tech University 30:1-76.
 * Cover S. P., and R. A. Johnson. 20011. Checklist of Arizona Ants. Downloaded on January 7th at http://www.asu.edu/clas/sirgtools/AZants-2011%20updatev2.pdf
 * Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944
 * Feitosa, R.M., R.R. Hora, J.H.C. Delabie, J. Valenzuela and D. Fresneau. 2008. A new social parasite in the ant genus Ectatomma F. Smith (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ectatomminae). Zootaxa 1713:47-52.
 * Fernandes, P.R. XXXX. Los hormigas del suelo en Mexico: Diversidad, distribucion e importancia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
 * Forbes J., and D. Do-Van-Quy. 1965. The anatomy and histology of the male reproductive system of the legionary ant, Neivamyrmex harrisi (Haldeman) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 73: 95-111.
 * Johnson R. Personnal Database. Accessed on February 5th 2014 at http://www.asu.edu/clas/sirgtools/resources.htm
 * Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
 * Mackay W. P., and E. E. Mackay. 2002. The ants of New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 400 pp.
 * Mackay, W.P. and E. Mackay. XXXX. The Ants of New Mexico
 * Mercado Uribe I. 1994. La comunidad de hormigas del suelo, del bosque tropical caducifolio de la region de Chamela, Jalisco. Thesis profesional de la Facultad de ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, 49 pages.
 * Mirmecofauna de la reserva ecologica de San Felipe Bacalar
 * O'Keefe S. T., J. L. Cook, T. Dudek, D. F. Wunneburger, M. D. Guzman, R. N. Coulson, and S. B. Vinson. 2000. The Distribution of Texas Ants. The Southwestern Entomologist 22: 1-92.
 * Smith M. R. 1936. A list of the ants of Texas. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 44: 155-170.
 * Smith M. R. 1942. The legionary ants of the United States belonging to Eciton subgenus Neivamyrmex Borgmeier. American Midland Naturalist 27: 537-590.
 * Snelling G. C. and R. R. Snelling. 2007. New synonymy, new species, new keys to Neivamyrmex army ants of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 459-550
 * Van Pelt, A. 1983. Ants of the Chisos Mountains, Texas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . Southwestern Naturalist 28:137-142.
 * Vasquez-Bolanos M. 2011. Checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Mexico. Dugesiana 18(1): 95-133.
 * Vasquez-Bolanos M., and J. L. Navarrete-Heredia. 2004. Checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Jalisco State, Mexico. Sociobiology 43(2): 351-365
 * Vásquez-Bolaños M. 2011. Lista de especies de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) para México. Dugesiana 18: 95-133
 * Watkins II, J.F. 1982.The army ants of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ecitoninae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 55(2): 197-247.
 * Watkins J. F., II 1976. The identification and distribution of New World army ants (Dorylinae: Formicidae). Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press, 102 pp
 * Watkins J. F., II. 1968. The rearing of the army ant male, Neivamyrmex harrisi (Haldeman) from larvae collected from a nest of N. wheeleri (Emery). American Midland Naturalist 80: 273-276.
 * Wheeler G. C., and J. Wheeler J. 1989. A checklist of the ants of Oklahoma. Prairie Naturalist 21: 203-210.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1908. The ants of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. (Part I.). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24: 399-485.
 * Wheeler W. M., and W. H. Long. 1901. The males of some Texan Ecitons. American Naturalist. 35: 157-173.
 * Wheeler, G.C. and J. Wheeler. 1985. A checklist of Texas ants. Prairie Naturalist 17:49-64.
 * Young J., and D. E. Howell. 1964. Ants of Oklahoma. Miscellaneous Publication. Oklahoma Agricultural Experimental Station 71: 1-42.
 * Young, J. and D.E. Howell. 1964. Ants of Oklahoma. Miscellaneous Publications of Oklahoma State University MP-71