Temnothorax schaumii

Mackay (2000) "This species nests in bark of living trees, in branches, logs and oak galls of trees (Wheeler, 1905, 1916; Cole, 1940; Gregg, 1944; Carter, 1962; Moody and Francke, 1982; DuBois, 1985; Wheeler and Longino, 1988) in many habitats ranging from desert canyons in trees (Van Pelt, 1983), to grasslands, to shaded deciduous forests (Carter, 1962; DuBOis, 1985). It is found occasionally at lower elevations in the southern Blue Ridge of Virginia (Van Pelt, 1963). It is the most common Leptothoraxin Mississippi (Smith, 1924). All large oak trees in south central Ohio have nests (Wesson and Wesson, 1940). One nest contained 143 workers, 35 larvae and a single queen (Wheeler, 1903a), although nests may have more than a single queen (Frumhoff and Ward, 1992). The nest entrance is simply a small hole (Wheeler, 1903a)."



Identification
Mackay (2000) "These ants have 11-segmented antennae and are usually concolorous dark brown, but are occasionally concolorous yellow. The head is nearly completely covered with fine striae, which merge with the dense punctures. Occasionally there is a central strip, which is partly free of sculpture and somewhat shining. The top of the mesosoma is mostly punctate, with a few striae, the side of the mesosoma has numerous striae with punctures between them. The propodeal spines range from tiny angles to small spines, which are dull and rounded. The petiole and postpetiole are punctate and the node of the petiole is weakly truncate, with round edges.

The 11 segmented antenna and tiny propodeal spines separate this species from all other species with 11 segmented antennae in the subgenus, except T. whitfordi. It can be easily distinguished from T. whitfordi as the head and pronotum are predominantly punctate (predominantly smooth and shining in T. whitfordi, but the pronotum may be punctate as in T. schaumii). The punctures on the pronotum of T. schaumii are fine and completely cover the surfaces, whereas in T. whitfordi they are coarse and do not densely cover the surface. The small spines separate it from the others in the schaumii species complex."

Range
USA. Kansas, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Illinois, Kentucky,Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Washington D. C., West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.

Abundance
xxxxx Only known from a few collections. xxxxx

Biology
xxxxx

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Original Combination
Leptothorax schaumii Roger, 1863a: 180 (w.) U.S.A. Mayr, 1886d: 451 (m.); Wesson L.G. & Wesson, R.G. 1940: 95 (q.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1960b: 23 (l.). Combination in L. (Myrafant): Smith, D.R. 1979: 1394; in Temnothorax: Bolton, 2003: 272. Senior synonym of fortinodis, gilvus, melanoticus: Creighton, 1950a: 271. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1903c: 232; MacKay, 2000: 403.

Worker
2.5 Millim. lang, rothlich gelb, Hinflerleib an der Spitze etwas braunlich; die abstehenden Harchen sind keulenformig, kurz wie bei corticalis. Fuhler eilfgliedrig, ganz gelb. Mandibeln 4 – 5 zahnig, sehr undeutlicb gerunzelt. Clipeus ohne glanzenden Langseindruck. Kopf schwach langs gerunzelt, seitlich und hinten fein verworren oder fingerhutartig punktirt, schwach glanzend. Thorax dem von corticalis ganz ahnlich, oben ohne irgend einen Quereindruck, fingerhutartig punktirt, wenig glanzend, hinten in 2 kurze, an der Basis breite, 3-eckige Zahuchen endend. Stielchenglieder wie gewohnlich, das erste unten nit einem zahnformigen Vorsprung. Abdomen glatt, glanzend, Schienen onbehaart.

(Wheeler 1903) Length 2.5-2.75 mm, Mandibles 5-toothed. Clypeus convex witho:ut median impression; its anterior border rather straight. Antennre 11-jointed; scape reaching hardly to half way between the eye and the posterior angle of the head, funiculus with a distinctly 3-jointed club; first funicular joint almost as long as joints 2-5 together; joints 2-7 distinctly broader than long; terminal joint fully as long as the two preceding joints. Thorax rather short, flattened dorsally and laterally, broader in front than behind, with distinct and rather sharp humeral angles, and with a constriction at the mesoepinotal suture. Epinotal spines very short, dentiform, not longer than broad at their bases. Petiole seen from above oblong, 1 ½ times as long as broad, its sides parallel except at the peduncle which is narrower; in profile the anterior dorsal slope is concave and about the same length as the straight or somewhat convex posterior slope; ventral surface with a distinct tooth directed forward. Postpetiole scarcely half again as broad as the petiole, distinctly broader than long, oblong, with distinct though rounded anterior angles. Its dorsal surface is evenly semicircular in profile. Gaster of the usual shape, with small but distinct anterior angles.

Clypeus with sharp longitudinal rugae, two of which, near the middle, are more prominent than the others. Mandibles with distinct longitudinal rugae. Head, clypeus and mandibles with a silky luster, the first traversed by fine parallel rugae separated by rows of foveolate punctures, which are clearest in certain lights on the posterior lateral surfaces and cheeks. Thorax, petiole and. postpetiole opaque, covered uniformly with foveolate punctures. Gaster smooth and shining.

Hairs moderately numerous on the body, white, erect, clavate; short on the head and thorax, much longer on the gaster and of intermediate length on the pedicel. Hairs on the antennae and legs minute, non-clavate, appressed.

Yellowish-red, the edges of the mandibles black. Gaster in some specimens dark-brown thcroughout, in others yellow or with much of the base of the first segment yellow. Antennae and legs yellow, club and sometimes also the scape of the former, infuscated.

Male
(Wheeler 1903) Length 3.2 mm: Mandibles dentate, touching each other with their blades. Antennae 12-jointed, scape about as long as the first three joints of the funiculus together; funiculus from the second joint to the end of uniform thickness, filiform; second joint a little shorter than the third, shorter, in fact, than any of the succeeding joints. Instead of spines or teeth, the epinotum bears two indistinct elongate swellings. Radial cell of wings short and closed.

Mandibles rather smooth and shining, with scattered punctures near their inner edges. Clypeus moderately shining and very delicately longitudinally rugose. Cheeks and region between antennal insertions and eyes sharply striated longitudinally; front with delicate longitudinal rugae; vertex finely reticulate punctate. Thorax rather smooth and shining, median and posterior portions of mesonotum finely longitudinally rugose and in part obliquely. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster smooth and shining.

Pilosity sparse, tibim without suberect hairs.

Blackish-brown, pedicel and gaster darker. Mandibles, antennae except the brown scape, joints of legs, tarsi, and in part also the joints of the pedicel, yellow or reddish-yellow. Wings clear, hyaline.

Type Material
As reported in Mackay (2000) "The types could not be located in Roger's collection (Museum fur Naturkunde Zentralinstitutder Humboldt-Universitiitzu Berlin), and probably no longer exist. "

Etymology
Commemorative. For the collector of the types, Prof. Schaum.