Checklist of Formica species

The following species and subspecies belong to the genus Formica. Synonyms are listed under their senior names.

A
abdominalis Latreille, 1802 ("Grandes Indes")

accreta Francoeur, 1973 (Canada)

adamsi Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (United States)

adamsi alpina Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (United States)

adamsi whymperi Wheeler, W.M., 1917 (Canada)

• Formica microgyna californica Wheeler, W.M., 1917

adelungi Forel, 1904 (Mongolia)

aegyptiaca Fabricius, 1775 (Egypt)

aequalis Walker, 1871 (Saudi Arabia)

aerata Francoeur, 1973 (United States)

affinis Leach, 1825 (France)

albipennis Fabricius, 1793 (Antilles)

altayensis Xia & Zheng, 1997 (China)

altipetens Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

amyoti Le Guillou, 1842 (Australia)

anatolica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Turkey)

animosa Forskål, 1775 (Egypt?)

approximans Wheeler, W.M., 1933 (China)

aquilonia Yarrow, 1955 (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

• Formica rufa schmidti Ruzsky, 1926

archboldi Smith, M.R., 1944 (United States)

arenicola Buckley, 1866 (United States)

argentea Wheeler, W.M., 1912

• Formica fusca argentata Wheeler, W.M., 1902

• Formica fusca blanda Wheeler, W.M., 1913

aserva Forel, 1901 (Canada)

• Formica sanguinea subnuda Wheeler, W.M., 1910

aseta Chang & He, 2002 (China)

aterrima Cresson, 1865 (United States)

atra Schilling Schilling, 1839 (Poland)

B
beijingensis Wu, 1990 (China)

bicolor Leach, 1825 (France)

biophilica Trager, 2007 (United States)

bradleyi Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

• Formica neogagates morbida Wheeler, W.M., 1913

breviscapa Chang & He, 2002 (China)

browni Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)

bruni Kutter, 1967 (Switzerland)

C
californica (Creighton, 1950) (United States)

calviceps Cole, 1954 (United States)

canadensis Santschi, 1914 (Canada)

candida Smith, F., 1878 (Kyrgyzstan)

candida formosae Emery, 1925 (Taiwan)

chufejif Forskål, 1775 (Yemen)

ciliata Mayr, 1886 (United States)

cinerea Mayr, 1853 (Austria)

• Formica balcanina Petrov & Collingwood, 1993

• Formica cinerea armenica Ruzsky, 1905

• Formica cinerea brevisetosa Karavaiev, 1927

• Formica cinerea iberica Finzi, 1928

• Formica cinerea imitans Ruzsky, 1902

• Formica cinerea italica Finzi, 1928

• Formica cinerea novaki Kratochvíl, 1941

• Formica cinerea ochracea Karavaiev, 1937

• Formica cinerea sabulosa Karavaiev, 1931

• Formica cinerea subrufoides Forel, 1913

cinerea cinereoimitans Ruzsky, 1905 (Russia)

cinereofusca Karavaiev, 1929 (Caucasus)

clara Forel, 1886 (Russia)

• Formica lusatica Seifert, 1997

• Formica rizadaghi Arnol'di, 1968

• Formica rufibarbis caucasica Wheeler, W.M., 1913

clara sinae Emery, 1925

• Formica rufibarbis orientalis Wheeler, W.M., 1923

clarissima Emery, 1925 (Russia)

• Formica subpilosa ruzskyi Dlussky, 1965

coloradensis Creighton, 1940 (United States)

comata Wheeler, W.M., 1909 (United States)

conica Fabricius, 1798 (India)

connecticutensis Buckley, 1866 (United States)

corsica Seifert, 2002 (France (Corsica))

creightoni Buren, 1968 (United States)

criniventris Wheeler, W.M., 1912

• Formica crinita Wheeler, W.M., 1909

cunicularia Latreille, 1798 (France)

• Formica cunicularia fuscoides Dlussky, 1967

• Formica fusca fuscorufibarbis Forel, 1874

• Formica fusca rubescens Forel, 1904

curiosa Creighton, 1935 (United States)

• Formica parcipappa Cole, 1947

D
dachaidanensis Chang & He, 2002 (China)

dakotensis Emery, 1893 (United States)

• Formica dakotensis saturata Wheeler, W.M., 1917

• Formica dakotensis wasmanni Forel, 1904

• Formica fusca specularis Wheeler, W.M., 1908

• Formica montigena Wheeler, W.M., 1904

decipiens Bondroit, 1918 (France)

delinghaensis Chang & He, 2002 (China)

densiventris Viereck, 1903 (United States)

• Formica microgyna rasilis Wheeler, W.M., 1903

• Formica rasilis spicata Creighton, 1950

didyma Fabricius, 1782 (Italy)

difficilis Emery, 1893 (United States)

• Formica difficilis consocians Wheeler, W.M., 1904

• Formica habrogyna Cole, 1939

dirksi Wing, 1949 (United States)

dislocata Say, 1836 (United States)

dolosa Buren, 1944 (United States)

dusmeti Emery, 1909 (Spain)

E
elevata Fabricius, 1782 ("East Indies")

elongata Fabricius, 1787 (India)

emeryi Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

exsecta Nylander, 1846 (Finland)

• Formica dalcqi Bondroit, 1918

• Formica exsecta etrusca Emery, 1909

• Formica exsecta exsectopressilabris Forel, 1874

• Formica exsecta rubens Forel, 1874

• Formica exsecta sudetica Scholz, 1924

• Formica kontuniemii Betrem, 1954

• Formica nemoralis Dlussky, 1964

exsectoides Forel, 1886 (United States)

• Formica exsectoides davisi Wheeler, W.M., 1913

• Formica exsectoides hesperia Wheeler, W.M., 1913

exsectorubens Ruzsky, 1905

F
fatale Christ, 1791 (India)

fennica Seifert, 2000 (Finland)

ferocula Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

foetens Olivier, 1792

• Formica foetida De Geer, 1773

foreli Bondroit, 1918 (Switzerland)

• Formica goesswaldi Kutter, 1967

• Formica naefi Kutter, 1957

• Formica tamarae Dlussky, 1964

foreliana Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

forsslundi Lohmander, 1949 (Sweden)

• Formica brunneonitida Dlussky, 1964

• Formica forsslundi strawinskii Petal, 1963

• Formica fossilabris Dlussky, 1965

fossaceps Buren, 1942 (United States)

francoeuri Bolton, 1995

• Formica pilicornis Emery, 1893

frontalis Santschi, 1919 (Spain)

fukaii Wheeler, W.M., 1914 (Japan)

fuliginothorax Blacker, 1992 (Canada)

fusca Linnaeus, 1758 (Europe)

• Formica barbata Razoumowski, 1789

• Formica flavipes Geoffroy, 1785

• Formica fusca marcida Wheeler, W.M., 1913

• Formica fusca pallipes Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926

• Formica fusca rufipes Stitz, 1930

• Formica glebaria Nylander, 1846

• Formica libera Scopoli, 1763

• Formica tristis Christ, 1791

fusca alpicola Gredler, 1858 (Austria)

fusca fuscolemani Samsinak, 1951 (Czechoslovakia)

fusca hyrcana Arnoldi, 1968 (Russia)

fusca maura Santschi, 1929 (Morocco)

fusca tombeuri Bondroit, 1917 (Portugal)

fuscescens Gmelin, 1790 (Europe)

fuscicauda Motschoulsky, 1863 (Sri Lanka)

fuscocinerea Forel, 1874 (Switzerland)

• Formica lefrancoisi Bondroit, 1918

G
gagates Latreille, 1798 (France)

• Formica capsincola Schilling, 1839

• Formica fusca fuscogagates Forel, 1874

• Formica morio Latreille, 1798

gagatoides Ruzsky, 1904 (Russia)

georgica Seifert, 2002 (Georgia)

glabra Gmelin, 1790 (Europe)

glabridorsis Santschi, 1925 (China)

glacialis Wheeler, W.M., 1908 (United States)

• Formica fusca fairchildi Wheeler, W.M., 1927

glauca Ruzsky, 1896 (Russia)

• Formica rufibarbis katuniensis Ruzsky, 1915

gnava Buckley, 1866 (United States)

gravelyi Mukerjee, 1930 (India)

gynocrates Snelling, R.R. & Buren, 1985 (United States)

H
hayashi Terayama & Hashimoto, 1996 (Japan)

hewitti Wheeler, W.M., 1917 (Canada)

hirta Gravenhorst, 1807

I
impexa Wheeler, W.M., 1905 (United States)

incerta Buren, 1944 (United States)

incisa Smith, F., 1858 (Mexico)

indianensis Cole, 1940 (United States)

inequalis Lowne, 1865 (Australia)

insultans Forskål, 1775 (Egypt)

integra Nylander, 1856 (United States)

• Formica integra similis Mayr, 1886

integroides Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

• Formica rufa subcaviceps Creighton, 1940

• Formica rufa subfasciata Creighton, 1940

J
japonica Motschoulsky, 1866 (Japan)

• Formica fusca nipponensis Forel, 1900

K
kashmirica Stärcke, 1935 (Kashmir)

knighti Buren, 1944 (United States)

kozlovi Dlussky, 1965 (Mongolia)

kupyanskayae Bolton, 1995

• Formica opacus Kupyanskaya, 1980

L
laeviceps Creighton, 1940 (United States)

lasioides Emery, 1893 (United States)

• Formica lasioides picea Emery, 1895

• Formica lasioides vetula Wheeler, W.M., 1912

lemani Bondroit, 1917 (France)

• Formica fusca borealis Vashkevich, 1924

lepida Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

limata Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

lincecumii Buckley, 1866 (United States)

liogaster Chang & He, 2002 (China)

liopthalma Chang & He, 2002 (China)

litoralis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926 (Kazakhstan)

longipilosa Francoeur, 1973 (United States)

lugubris Zetterstedt, 1838 (Norway)

• Formica congerens Nylander, 1846

• Formica pratensis unicolor Ruzsky, 1926

• Formica rufa alpina Santschi, 1911

• Formica rufa montana Sadil, 1953

• Formica rufa nylanderi Bondroit, 1920

• Formica rufa santschii Wheeler, W.M., 1913

lutea Duméril, 1860 (France)

M
maculata Geoffroy, 1785 (France)

malabarica Schrank, 1837 (India)

maligna Forskål, 1775 (Egypt?)

manchu Wheeler, W.M., 1929 (China)

• Formica dlusskyi Bolton, 1995

• Formica longiceps Dlussky, 1964

manni Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

maxillosa Fabricius, 1775 (India)

melanophthalma Reich, 1793 (French Guiana)

melanopis Gmelin, 1790 (Europe)

mesasiatica Dlussky, 1964 (Russia)

microgyna Wheeler, W.M., 1903 (United States)

• Formica microgyna recidiva Wheeler, W.M., 1913

microphthalma Francoeur, 1973 (United States)

miniocca Chang & He, 2002 (China)

minuta Lowne, 1865 (Australia)

moki Wheeler, W.M., 1906 (United States)

• Formica rufibarbis occidua Wheeler, W.M., 1913

molestans Latreille, 1802 (French Guiana)

montana Wheeler, W.M., 1910 (United States)

• Formica cinerea neocinerea Wheeler, W.M., 1913

• Formica cinerea rutilans Wheeler, W.M., 1913

montaniformis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929 (Daghestan)

montivaga Santschi, 1928

• Formica montana Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1923

morsei Wheeler, W.M., 1906 (United States)

mucescens Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

N
nana Latreille, 1802 (French Guiana)

neoclara Emery, 1893 (United States)

• Formica fusca pruinosa Wheeler, W.M., 1917

neogagates Viereck, 1903 (United States)

neorufibarbis Emery, 1893 (United States)

• Formica fusca algida Wheeler, W.M., 1915

• Formica fusca gelida Wheeler, W.M., 1913

nepticula Wheeler, W.M., 1905 (United States)

nevadensis Wheeler, W.M., 1904 (United States)

nigropratensis Betrem, 1962 (Europe)

nitida Razoumowsky, 1789 (Switzerland)

• Formica pallidefulva fuscata Emery, 1893

nortonii Buckley, 1866 (United States)

novaeanglae Buckley, 1866 (United States)

O
obscuripes Forel, 1886 (United States)

• Formica rufa aggerans Wheeler, W.M., 1912

• Formica rufa melanotica Creighton, 1940

obscuriventris Mayr, 1870 (United States)

• Formica dryas Wheeler, W.M., 1905

• Formica dryas gymnomma Wheeler, W.M., 1905

obscuriventris clivia Creighton, 1940 (United States)

obsidiana Emery, 1923 (Taiwan)

obsoleta Linnaeus, 1758 (Europe)

obtusopilosa Emery, 1893 (United States)

• Formica munda Wheeler, W.M., 1905

• Formica munda alticola Wheeler, W.M., 1917

occidentalis Buckley, 1866 (United States)

occulta Francoeur, 1973 (United States)

omnivora Linnaeus, 1758 (United States)

opaciventris Emery, 1893 (United States)

orangea Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Kyrgyzstan)

oreas Wheeler, W.M., 1903 (United States)

oreas comptula Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

oregonensis Cole, 1938 (United States)

ovata Reich, 1793 (French Guiana)

P
pachucana Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)

pacifica Francoeur, 1973 (United States)

pallidefulva Latreille, 1802 (United States)

• Formica pallidefulva delicata Cole, 1938

• Formica pallidefulva nitidiventris Emery, 1893

• Formica pallidefulva succinea Wheeler, W.M., 1904

• Formica schaufussi Mayr, 1866

pallidelutea Latreille, 1802 (Senegal)

pallipes Latreille, 1787 (French Guiana)

pamirica Dlussky, 1965 (Turkmenia)

paralugubris Seifert, 1996 (Switzerland)

pergandei Emery, 1893 (United States)

• Formica sanguinea sublucida Creighton, 1950

perpilosa Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

persica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Iran)

phyllophila Jerdon, 1851 (India)

picea Nylander, 1846 (Finland)

• Formica fusca inplana Emery, 1925

• Formica fusca orientalis Ruzsky, 1915

• Formica fusca piceoinplana Emery, 1925

• Formica glabra White, W.F., 1884

• Formica picea lochmatteri Stärcke, 1935

picipes Reich, 1793 (French Guiana)

pisarskii Dlussky, 1964 (Mongolia)

planipilis Creighton, 1940 (United States)

podzolica Francoeur, 1973 (Canada)

politurata Buckley, 1866 (United States)

polyctena Foerster, 1850 (Germany)

• Formica major Nylander, 1849

• Formica rufa minor Gösswald, 1951

• Formica rufa nuda Karavaiev, 1930

postoculata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)

pratensis Retzius, 1783

• Formica minor pratensoides Gösswald, 1951

• Formica pratensis cordieri Bondroit, 1917

• Formica rufa ciliata Ruzsky, 1926

• Formica rufa grouvellei Bondroit, 1918

• Formica rufa nigricans Bondroit, 1912

pratensis nuda Ruzsky, 1926 (Russia)

pratensis staerckei Betrem, 1960 (Netherlands)

pressilabris Nylander, 1846 (Finland)

• Formica exsecta rufomaculata Ruzsky, 1895

prociliata Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)

propatula Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)

propinqua Creighton, 1940 (United States)

puberula Emery, 1893 (United States)

pulla Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)

pusilla De Geer, 1773 (Surinam)

pyrenaea Bondroit, 1918 (France)

Q
quadrinotata Losana, 1834 (Italy)

querquetulana Kennedy & Dennis, 1937 (United States)

R
ravida Creighton, 1940 (United States)

• Formica rufa haemorrhoidalis Creighton, 1940

• Formica rufa tahoensis Creighton, 1940

rediana Leach, 1825 (France)

reflexa Buren, 1942 (United States)

retecta Francoeur, 1973 (Mexico)

robusta Chang & He, 2002 (China)

rostrata Fabricius, 1787 (French Guiana)

rubescens Leach, 1825 (France)

rubicunda Emery, 1893 (United States)

rufa Linnaeus, 1761 (Europe)

• Formica apicalis Smith, F., 1858

• Formica dorsata Panzer, 1798

• Formica ferruginea Christ, 1791

• Formica gaullei Bondroit, 1917

• Formica piniphila Schenck, 1852

• Formica rufa meridionalis Nasonov, 1889

• Formica rufa rufopratensis Forel, 1874

rufa angusticeps Stärcke, 1947 (Netherlands)

rufa brevisetosa Ruzsky, 1926 (Russian Federation)

rufa constricta Karavaiev, 1929 (Russia)

rufa obscurata Santschi, 1925 (France)

rufa rufobrevisetosa Ruzsky, 1926 (Russian Federation)

rufa rufopratensoides Forel, 1874 (Switzerland)

rufa tshugunovi Ruzsky, 1914 (Russian Federation)

rufibarbis Fabricius, 1793 (France)

• Formica defensor Smith, F., 1878

• Formica fraterna Smith, F., 1878

• Formica fusca cinereorufibarbis Forel, 1874

• Formica nicaeensis Leach, 1825

• Formica rufibarbis piligera Lomnicki, 1925

rufibarbis clarorufibarbis Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916 (Russia)

rufibarbis subpilosorufibarbis Ruzsky, 1905 (Russian Federation)

ruficeps Motschoulsky, 1863 (Indonesia (Java))

ruficornis Gmelin, 1790 (Europe)

rufolucida Collingwood, 1962 (Myanmar)

rupestris Leach, 1825 (France)

S
saccharivora Linnaeus, 1758 (United States)

sanguinea Latreille, 1798 (France)

• Formica dominula Nylander, 1846

• Formica sanguinea arenicola Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928

• Formica sanguinea borea Santschi, 1925

• Formica sanguinea clara Karavaiev, 1927

• Formica sanguinea clarior Ruzsky, 1905

• Formica sanguinea flavorubra Forel, 1909

• Formica sanguinea fusciceps Emery, 1895

• Formica sanguinea griseopubescens Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926

• Formica sanguinea leninei Santschi, 1928

• Formica sanguinea mollesonae Ruzsky, 1903

• Formica sanguinea monticola Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926

• Formica sanguinea rotundata Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926

• Formica sanguinea strennua Santschi, 1925

• Formica sanguinea tristis Karavaiev, 1929

saxicola Buckley, 1866 (United States)

schardj Forskål, 1775 (Israel?)

scitula Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

selysi Bondroit, 1918 (France)

• Formica torrentium Bernard, 1967

sentschuensis Ruzsky, 1915 (Tibet)

• Formica dalailamae Ruzsky, 1915

siamicarubra Christ, 1791 ("Barbary")

sibylla Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

sinensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (China)

spatulata Buren, 1944 (United States)

stenoptera Foerster, 1850 (Germany)

subaenescens Emery, 1893 (United States)

subcyanea Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Mexico)

subelongata Francoeur, 1973 (United States)

subintegra Wheeler, W.M., 1908 (United States)

subnitens Creighton, 1940 (United States)

subpicea Motschoulsky, 1863 (Sri Lanka)

subpilosa Ruzsky, 1902 (Russian Federation)

• Formica cinerea bipilosa Karavaiev, 1926

subpolita Mayr, 1886 (United States)

• Formica flammiventris Wheeler, W.M., 1912

• Formica rufiventris Emery, 1893

• Formica subpolita camponoticeps Wheeler, W.M., 1913

• Formica subpolita ficticia Wheeler, W.M., 1913

subsericea Say, 1836 (United States)

• Formica lecontei Kennedy & Dennis, 1937

subspinosa Buckley, 1866 (United States)

suecica Adlerz, 1902 (Sweden)

T
talbotae Wilson, 1977 (United States)

tarimica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (China)

tenuissima Buckley, 1866 (United States)

testacea Gmelin, 1790 (Europe)

testaceipes Leach, 1825 (France)

thoracica Olivier, 1792 (France)

tianshanica Seifert & Schultz, 2009 (Kyrgyzstan)

tomentosa Reich, 1793 (French Guiana)

transkaucasica Nasonov, 1889 (Russia)

• Formica gagates piceogagates Karavaiev, 1926

transmontanis Francoeur, 1973 (Canada)

triangularis Say, 1836 (United States)

truncorum Fabricius, 1804 (Czechoslovakia)

• Formica rufa menozzii Stitz, 1939

• Formica rufa rufotruncicola Ruzsky, 1896

• Formica rufa staegeri Stitz, 1939

• Formica rufa truncicolopratensis Forel, 1874

• Formica simulata Smith, F., 1878

• Formica truncicola Nylander, 1846

truncorum finzii Stitz, 1939 (Germany)

U
ulkei Emery, 1893 (United States)

• Formica ulkei hebescens Wheeler, W.M., 1913

uralensis Ruzsky, 1895 (Russia)

• Formica pratensis superba Wheeler, W.M., 1933

V
vagans Fabricius, 1793 (Germany)

venosa Gmelin, 1790

villiscapa Chang & He, 2002 (China)

vinculans Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (United States)

virginiana Buckley, 1866 (United States)

volgensis Ruzsky, 1914 (Russia)

W
wheeleri Creighton, 1935 (United States)

wheeleri Stitz, 1939 (Germany)

wongi Wu, 1990 (China)

X
xerophila Smith, M.R., 1939 (United States)

• Formica moki grundmanni Cole, 1943

Y
yessensis Wheeler, W.M., 1913 (Japan)

yoshiokae Wheeler, W.M., 1933 (Japan)