Meranoplus pulcher

Meranoplus pulcher is the first member of the genus recorded from Saudi Arabia and from the vast Arabian Peninsula. Twenty five workers were collected from Al-Baha Province, Shada Al Ala Protectorate and six workers from Raydah Protectorate. Both collections were from pitfall traps placed next to Acacia trees. The soil was extremely dry with abundant dry seeds of shrubs. Despite several hours of observing the nest no additional specimens were found. Meranoplus pulcher is, as far as can be ascertained from these two collections, restricted to juniper woodlands of southwestern mountains of KSA

Identification
A member of the M. magrettii-group.

Sharaf and Aldawood (2019) - Meranoplus pulcher is diagnosed by the following characters: anterior clypeal margin strongly concave with one pair of well-developed blunt teeth; clypeal surface distinctly sculptured, with 3 pairs of longitudinal rugae; the inner bulge of the eye extends well into the scrobal cavity, and, in full-face view, the scrobe is broadly visible; cephalic surface to posterior level of eyes with relatively dense, longitudinally continuous rugae (about 20 rugae); cephalic surface between rugae unsculptured; anterior face of the petiolar node finely superficially punctate; posterior face of the petiolar node distinctly longitudinally rugulose; color uniform yellow.

There are two species of Meranoplus occurring in the Arabian Peninsula. They can be separated by the following characters:


 * Anterior clypeal margin strongly concave with a single pair of well-developed blunt teeth; clypeal surface distinctly sculptured, with 3 pairs of longitudinal rugae; the inner bulge of the eye extends well into the scrobal cavity, and, in full-face view, the scrobe is broadly visible; in full-face view, cephalic dorsum to posterior level of eyes with relatively dense, continuous longitudinal rugae (about 20 rugae); cephalic surface between rugae unsculptured; anterior face of petiolar node finely superficially punctate; posterior face of petiolar node distinctly longitudinally rugulose; uniform yellow, rarely some specimens with postpetiole and posterior margin of first gastral tergite brown (KSA) . . . . . Meranoplus pulcher
 * Anterior clypeal margin shallowly concave or straight with one pair of reduced tubercles; clypeal surface unsculptured, or with two pairs of less distinct longitudinal rugae; the eye merely abuts the scrobal cavity and, in full-face view, the scrobe is narrowly visible; in full-face view, cephalic surface to posterior level of eyes with irregular interrupted longitudinal rugae (about 12 rugae); cephalic surface with distinct fine ground sculpture between rugae; anterior face of petiolar node smooth; posterior face of petiolar node feebly sculptured with about five longitudinal rugae; distinctly bicolored, head, and gaster brown, antennae, mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole light brown, legs yellow (Oman) . . . . . Meranoplus mosalahi

Sharaf, Al Dhafer and Aldawood (2014) - Although M. pulcher is superficially similar to Meranoplus magrettii, it can be readily distinguished by the following contrasting characters: Colour: M. pulcher is yellow, M. magrettii is light to dark brown; anterior clypeal margin: distinctly concave in M. pulcher, more or less flat to shallowly concave in M. magrettii; subpetiolar process: in M. pulcher short and triangular, in M. magrettii the process is more developed forming a short finger or a less developed process; petiolar sculpture: posterior face of petiolar node areolate-rugose in M. pulcher and smooth in M. magrettii; sculpture of first gastral tergite: superficially and finely shagreenate in M. pulcher, in M. magrettii the sculpture of first gastral tergite varies from dense shagreenate or reticulate punctate.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: Saudi Arabia.

Castes
Known only from the worker caste.

Nomenclature

 * . Meranoplus pulcher Sharaf, in Sharaf, et al. 2014: 4, figs 1-11 (w.) SAUDI ARABIA.
 * Type-material: holotype worker, 35 paratype workers.
 * Type-locality: holotype Saudi Arabia: Al Baha Prov., Shada Al Ala, 19°51.066’N, 41°18.037’E, 1325 m., 23.iv.2014, PT (Al Dhafer, et al.); paratypes: 3 workers with same data, 1 worker with same data but 15.ii.2014, 3 workers as last but 19°50.575’N, 41°18.691’E, 1666 m., 23.viii.2014, 9 workers as last but 19°50.411’N, 41°18.686’E, 1611 m., 23.viii.2014, 3 workers as last but 19°50.329’N, 41°18.604’E, 1563 m., 23.viii.2014, 5 workers as last but 19°50.710’N, 41°18.267’E, 1474 m., 23.viii.2014, 5 workers as last but 19°51.066’N, 41°18.037’E, 1325 m., 23.viii.2014, 1 worker Saudi Arabia: Asir Prov., Raydah, 18°11.749’N, 42°23.345’E, 1614 m., 28.iv.2014, PT (Al Dhafer, et al.), 4 workers as last but 18°11.618’N, 42°23.420’E, 1772 m., 26.viii.2014, 1 worker as last but 18°11.749’N, 42°23.345’E, 1614 m., 26.viii.2014,.
 * Type-depositories: KSMA (holotype); CASC, KSMA (paratypes).
 * Sharaf & Aldawood, 2019a: 13 (q.).
 * Status as species: Sharaf & Aldawood, 2019a: 11 (redescription).
 * Distribution: Saudi Arabia.

Worker
Maximum and minimum based on all specimens, n= 5, (holotype): TL 3.20-3.70 (3.27), HL 0.77–0.87 (0.80), HW 0.67–0.82 (0.72), HLA 0.25–0.30 (0.25), CW 0.22–0.27 (0.30), CDD 0.12–0.15 (0.12), SL 0.47–0.62 (0.60), EL 0.17–0.22 (0.17), EW 0.12–0.15 (0.15), PML 0.40–0.52 (0.47), PWA 0.62–0.75 (0.70), PWP 0.37–0.47 (0.45), SPL 0.17–0.22 (0.22), WL 0.75–0.87 (0.77), PTL 0.12–0.17 (0.20), PTH 0.30–0.42 (0.37), PPL 0.15–0.22 (0.22), PPH 0.25–0.35 (0.32), ATW 1.02–1.22, (1.12) ATL 0.97–1.15 (1.05), CI 87–94 (90), SI 67–82 (83), OMI 63–80 (68), CDI 0.44–20.68 (40), SEI 31–43 (28), PMI 144–155 (149), PPI 60–80 (69), PTI 40–46 (54), PWI 82–93 (96), CS 0.72–0.84 (0.76), EYE 38–47 (42) (n= 5).

Head. Head slightly longer than broad with convex sides and straight posterior margin; anterior clypeal margin distinctly concave with well-developed clypeal carinae; mandibles armed with four teeth; eyes relatively large (EL 0.25–0.26 x HW; EYE 38–47) with 12 ommatidia in the longest row; scapes when laid back from their insertions just reach posterior margin of eyes; scrobal carinae well-developed.

Mesosoma. Anterior pronotal corners armed with a pair of short triangular teeth; promesonotal shield distinctly broader than long (PMI 144–155) widening behind pronotum; promesonotal suture absent; posterior corners of mesonotum armed with a pair of sharp spines; posterior mesonotal margin between spines strongly concave and without secondary armament; propodeal spines long and sharp originating at level of propodeal spiracles and curved upwards; propodeal lobes well-developed.

Waist. Petiole cuneate in profile, sessile, with a broad anterior margin and a narrow acute dorsum; petiolar and postpetiolar anteroventral processes present; postpetiole nodiform, subrectangular in profile, taller than broad (PPI 60–80).

Sculpture. Mandibles longitudinally striated; cephalic dorsum densely and finely longitudinally rugulose, posterior margin areolate-rugose; promesonotal shield, posterior face of petiolar node and postpetiole dorsum reticulate rugulose, anterior petiolar face smooth and sides transversally rugulose; first gastral tergite finely and densely shagreenate.

Pilosity. All body surface covered with fine, pale, profuse hairs.

Colour. Colour unicolorous yellow, in some specimens, postpetiole and posterior margin of first gastral tergite brownish. The six examined specimens showed a clear size variation.

Queen
Sharaf and Aldawood (2019) - ATL2.05; ATW1.55; CDD0.12; CW0.37; EL0.30; EW0.17; HL0.95; HLA0.25; HW1.07; PML1.37; PPH0.42; PPL0.35; PTH0.50; PTL0.32; PWA1.15; SL0.70;  SPL0.25; TL5.5; WL1.55. Indices. CI113; CS1.01; OMI120; PMI84; PPI83; PTI64; SEI43; SI65 (n=1).

Head. Head distinctly broader than long with straight posterior margin in full-face view; eyes large (EL 0. 28 x HW); scapes short (SI 65) when laid back from their insertions just reach posterior level of eyemidlength; antennal scrobes deep; anterior clypeal margin distinctly concave with prominent pair of blunt denticles. Mesosoma. Propodeal spines well-developed and sharply pointed. Petiole. Sessile, cuneate in profile, 1.5 x higher than long in profile. Postpetiole. Postpetiole 1.2 x higher than long in profile; petiole and postpetiole each without ventral processes. Sculpture. Cephalic surface longitudinally regularly rugulose, with interspaces between rugulae densely punctate and dull; clypeus smooth; mandibles longitudinally rugulose; three distinct oblique rugae at the middle of antennal scrobes; pronotum punctate and dull; mesosomal dorsum faintly but distinctly longitudinally rugulose; mesopleura smooth and shining; propodeal dorsum and sides transversally rugulose; anterior face of petiole unsculptured; posterior and lateral faces of petiole, entire postpetiole, and gaster densely punctate and dull. Pilosity. Cephalic pilosity profuse and relatively long; anterior clypeal margin and mandibles with dense long hairs; mesosomal dorsum with profuse hairs; anterior face of petiole without hairs; petiole and postpetiole dorsum with dense hairs. Color. Uniformly yellow.

Type Material
Holotype worker SAUDI ARABIA, Al-Baha Province, Shada Al Ala, 19°51.066’N, 41°18.037’E, 1325 m, 23.IV.2014, P. T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.), deposited in KSMA, King Saud Museum of Arthropods, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Paratypes workers. All the following paratype specimens are deposited in KSMA, 3 workers, same locality and data as the holotype; 1 worker with same data as the holotype except the collecting data 15.II.2014; 1 worker, SAUDI ARABIA, Asir Province, Raydah, 18°11.749’N, 42°23.345’E, 1614 m, 28.IV.2014, P.T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.), 3 workers, Shada Al Ala, 19°50.575’N, 41°18.691’E, 1666 m, 23.VIII.2014, P. T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.); 9 workers, Shada Al Ala, 19°50.411’N, 41°18.686’E, 1611 m, 23.VIII.2014, P. T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.); 3 workers, Shada Al Ala, 19°50.329’N, 41°18.604’E, 1563 m, 23.VIII.2014, P. T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.); 5 workers, Shada Al Ala, 19°50.710’N, 41° 18.267’E, 1474 m, 23.VIII.2014, P. T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.); 5 workers, Shada Al Ala, 19°51.066’N, 41°18.037’E, 1325 m, 23.VIII.2014, P. T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.); 4 workers, Asir Province, Raydah, 18°11.618’N, 42°23.420’E, 1772 m, 26.VIII.2014, P. T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.); 1 workers, Asir Province, Raydah, 18°11.749’N, 42°23.345’E, 1614 m, 26.VIII.2014, P. T. (Al Dhafer et al. Leg.); unique specimen identifier CASENT 0914336, in California Academy of Science Collection, San Francisco, California, USA.

Etymology
The species name is derived from the Greek word ‘‘pulcher’’ that means ‘‘beautiful’’ referring to the attractive appearance of this ant species.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Sharaf M. R., H. M. Al Dhafer, and S. A. Aldawood. 2014. First record of the myrmicine ant genus Meranoplus Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species and notes on the zoogeography of Southwestern Kingdom Saudi Arabia. PLoS ONE 9(11): e111298.
 * Sharaf M. R., and S. A. Aldawood. 2019. Review of the ant genus Meranoplus Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species M. mosalahi sp. n. from Oman. PeerJ 7: e6287.