Pheidole titanis

The species occurs in desert scrub and deciduous thorn forest, nesting under stones. As suggested by Creighton and Gregg (1955) and proved by Feener (1988), titanis is primarily a specialized predator on termites. In Jalisco, Feener found the species most often attacking foraging columns of Nasutitermes, only occasionally scavenging for dead arthropods of other kinds. Scouts recruit nestmates until a raiding force of 200–2000 majors and minors are assembled, encircling the termites, whereupon each ant tries to seize individual prey, then returns to the nest along the chemical recruitment trail. Feener has provided a detailed account of both the raiding behavior of titanis and their defensive maneuvers against enemies, especially parasitic phorid flies. (Wilson 2003)

Identification
See the description in the nomenclature section.

Distribution
Western Texas, southern Arizona and Jalisco, Mexico. (Wilson 2003)

This taxon was described from the United States.

Description
From Wilson (2003): DIAGNOSIS A large member of the pilifera group further characterized by the following traits.

Major: rugoreticular patch just mesad of each frontal carina and posterior to the antennal fossa; the rest of the dorsal surface of the head except for the occiput, central piece of the clypeus, and frontal triangle longitudinally carinulate; median carina present on the clypeus; carinulae cover anterior third and sides of the pronotal dorsum, part of the propodeal dorsum, sides of the petiole, and dorsum of the postpetiolar node; postpetiolar node from above diamond-shaped.

Minor: head subrectangular in full-face view; humerus lobose in dorsal-oblique view; postpetiole bell-shaped from above.

MEASUREMENTS (mm) Lectotype major: HW 1.94, HL 2.02, SL 0.98, EL 0.30, PW 1.10. Paralectotype minor: HW 0.92, HL 0.94, SL 0.86, EL 0.24, PW 0.60.

COLOR Major and minor: concolorous light reddish brown.



'''Figure. Upper: lectotype, major. Lower: paralectotype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.'''

Type Material
and - as reported in Wilson (2003)

Type Locality Information
TEXAS: Chisos Mts., Brewster Co., southwestern Texas, col. O. W. Williams. (Wilson 2003)

Etymology
Gr titanus, or a mythical race of giants. (Wilson 2003)

Additional References
Creighton, W. S. and R. E. Gregg. 1955. New and little-known species of Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Univ. Colo. Stud. Ser. Biol. 3: 1–46.

Feener, D. H., Jr. 1988. Effects of parasites on foraging and defense behavior of a termitophagous ant, Pheidole titanis Wheeler. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22: 421–427.

Wheeler, W. M. 1903. A decade of Texan Formicidae. Psyche (Camb.) 10: 93–111.

Text and images from this publication used by permission of the author.