Camponotus sericeus

Workers are active throughout Rawdhat Khorim, Saudi Arabia, being abundant from March through October, with a major peak in June. Workers of C. sericeus occur on Acacia trees and on the giant milkweed Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton (Apocynaceae). Several workers have been observed foraging on C. procera plants and attending aphids (Sharaf et al., 2013).

Identification
Ionescu-Hirsch (2009) - This species can be recognized by the robust build (the major worker with very broad head and mesosoma), the coarse sculpture of the head and mesosoma, and by the gaster covered with thick, apressed, golden-mossy pubescence. The head of major workers is truncated posteriorly, with the anterior margin of the clypeus not extending beyond the anterior margin of the gena, broadly rounded and incised medially. The mesosoma has a distinct metanotal groove, the propodeal dorsum is broad and flat, margined laterally and posteriorly, with obtuse teeth.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: Benin, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Kenya, Mali, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe. Malagasy Region: Mauritius. Oriental Region: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Kuwait, Oman.

Camponotus sericeus is one of the more common carpenter ants of the Arabian Peninsula (Collingwood, 1985; Collingwood and Agosti, 1996; Collingwood et al. 2011). It was originally described from Senegal, recorded from Algeria (Santschi 1929a) and has a broad distribution throughout the Afrotropical region (Wheeler 1922, Taylor 2010). Additional records are from Pakistan (Umair et al., 2012), India, and Ceylon (Collingwood, 1962). This species has also been reported from the Oriental region, e.g. Thailand (Jaitrong and Nabhitabhata, 2005).

Biology
Sharaf et al (2018) - Oman: Collected nesting under a stone at the edge of a pomegranate field; it was coexisting with Brachyponera sennaarensis in dry soil.

Collingwood and Agosti (1996) - Unlike many of the larger Camponotus species which are generally nocturnal, this ant, itself large and conspicuous, forages throughout the day.

Nomenclature

 * . Formica sericea Fabricius, 1798: 279 (w.) SENEGAL.
 * Mayr, 1866b: 886 (q.); Forel, 1886f: 192 (m.); Forel, 1891b: 56 (s.w.q.m.); Imai, et al. 1984: 9 (k.).
 * Combination in Lasius: Fabricius, 1804: 416;
 * combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1862: 675;
 * combination in Orthonotomyrmex: Ashmead, 1906: 31;
 * combination in C. (Myrmentoma): Forel, 1912i: 92;
 * combination in C. (Orthonotomyrmex): Forel, 1913k: 129; Santschi, 1914b: 134.
 * Status as species: Latreille, 1802c: 117; Fabricius, 1804: 416; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 217; Smith, F. 1858b: 31; Mayr, 1862: 675 (redescription); Mayr, 1863: 401; Roger, 1863b: 2; Mayr, 1865: 38; Mayr, 1866b: 886; Walker, 1871: 9; Smith, F. 1871a: 306; Emery, 1877b: 364; Forel, 1879a: 94; Emery, 1881b: 526; André, 1882a: 149 (in key); André, 1884b: 537; Forel, 1886f: 192; Forel, 1891b: 56 (redescription); Forel, 1892e: 349; Forel, 1892j: 231; Emery, 1892a: 120; Emery, 1892d: 566; Dalla Torre, 1893: 251; Emery, 1893f: 254, 257; Emery, 1895a: 184; Emery, 1896d 376 (in list); Mayr, 1897: 435; Emery, 1897e: 605; Emery, 1899a: 501; Emery, 1901f: 122; Bingham, 1903: 376; Mayr, 1904b: 11; Mayr, 1907a: 389; Mayr, 1907b: 21; Forel, 1907g: 91; Forel, 1908a: 6; Forel, 1910c: 268; Santschi, 1910c: 393; Santschi, 1910f: 234; Stitz, 1910: 149; Karavaiev, 1911: 11; Forel, 1913a: 146; Forel, 1913k: 129; Santschi, 1914b: 134; Santschi, 1914d: 381; Stitz, 1916: 397; Stitz, 1917: 351; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 249, 973, 1050; Viehmeyer, 1923: 94; Arnold, 1924: 710; Emery, 1925b: 125; Menozzi, 1926a: 41; Santschi, 1926b: 267; Santschi, 1929c: 106; Karavaiev, 1929c: 238; Mukerjee, 1930: 160; Menozzi, 1931a: 155; Menozzi, 1932c: 95; Menozzi, 1932e: 454; Santschi, 1933b: 107; Menozzi, 1933a: 112; Menozzi, 1934: 165; Mukerjee, 1934: 10; Santschi, 1934b: 34; Santschi, 1934f: 173; Santschi, 1935b: 277; Finzi, 1936: 190; Santschi, 1938a: 43; Finzi, 1939a: 160; Menozzi, 1939c: 108; Santschi, 1939f: 167; Finzi, 1940: 164; Donisthorpe, 1942a: 32; Donisthorpe, 1942d: 458; Weber, 1943c: 338; Donisthorpe, 1947e: 111; Bernard, 1948: 161; Bernard, 1950b: 292; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 242; Menozzi & Consani, 1952: 70; Bernard, 1953a: 195; Collingwood, 1962: 229; Prins, 1963: 107; Pisarski, 1970: 323; Collingwood, 1985: 282; Kugler, J. 1988: 259; Bolton, 1995b: 123; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 374; Radchenko, 1996b: 1196 (in key); Radchenko, 1997d: 812; Tiwari, 1999: 69; Mathew & Tiwari, 2000: 356; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005: 15; Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 112; Vonshak, et al. 2009: 39; Ionescu-Hirsch, 2010: 88; Collingwood, et al. 2011: 451; Hita Garcia, et al. 2013: 205; Sharaf, Abdel-Dayem, et al. 2013: 570; Borowiec, L. 2014: 41 (see note in bibliography); Sharaf, Fisher, et al. 2018: 4; Madl, 2019: 14.
 * Senior synonym of aurulenta: Roger, 1863b: 2; Mayr, 1865: 38; Forel, 1891b: 56; Forel, 1892j: 231; Dalla Torre, 1893: 251; Emery, 1896d 376; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 974; Emery, 1925b: 125; Bolton, 1995b: 123; Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 112.
 * Senior synonym of pyrrhocephala: Emery, 1893f: 254; Bolton, 1995b: 123.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus euchrous, obtusus, peguensis, sanguiniceps, sulgeri.
 * aurulenta. Formica aurulenta Latreille, 1802c: 114, pl. 3, fig. 9 (q.) SENEGAL.
 * Combination in Camponotus: Roger, 1863b: 2;
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 31; Mayr, 1863: 412.
 * Junior synonym of sericeus: Roger, 1863b: 2; Mayr, 1865: 38; Forel, 1891b: 56; Forel, 1892j: 231; Dalla Torre, 1893: 251; Emery, 1896d 376; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 974; Emery, 1925b: 125; Bolton, 1995b: 87; Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 112.
 * octomaculata. Camponotus maculatus subsp. pictiventris var. octomaculata Forel, 1910e: 452 (w.) SOUTH AFRICA.
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery, 1920c: 6; Arnold, 1922: 630; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 958; Emery, 1925b: 86.
 * Declared as unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Bolton, 1995b: 115.
 * opica. Camponotus maculatus subsp. parvulus var. opica Forel, 1911c: 311 (w.) BRAZIL (São Paulo).
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Luederwaldt, 1918: 50; Emery, 1925b: 79; Borgmeier, 1927c: 144; Kusnezov, 1952d: 202; Kempf, 1972a: 65.
 * Declared as unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Bolton, 1995b: 115.
 * pyrrhocephala. Formica pyrrhocephala Motschoulsky, 1863: 11 (w.) SRI LANKA.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1871a: 309; Dalla Torre, 1893: 206; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 201 (error).
 * Junior synonym of sericeus: Emery, 1893f: 254; Bolton, 1995b: 119.

Worker
Ionescu-Hirsch (2009) - TL = 7.1–11.1, HL = 1.56–2.86, HW = 1.46–3.48, EL = 0.47–0.78, SL = 1.64–2.21, ML = 2.58–4.02, PW = 1.27–2.30, mTbL = 1.52–2.23, hTbL = 2.19–3.13 (n = 10).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Ahmad G. M. M., and M. I. Basuony. 2003. Taxonomy and biodiversity of ant fauna of the Mediterranean coastal desert (Western desert-Egypt). J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool. 42E: 69-83.
 * Anu A., and T. K. Sabu. 2007. Biodiversity analysis of forest litter ant assembalges in the Wayanad region of Western Ghats using taxonomic and conventional diversity measures. Journal of Insect Science 7(6): 1-13.
 * Bernard F. 1950. Contribution à l'étude de l'Aïr. Hyménoptères Formicidae. Mém. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire 10: 284-294.
 * Bernard F. 1953. Les fourmis du Tassili des Ajjer. Pp. 121-250 in: Bernard, F. (ed.) 1953. Mission scientifique au Tassili des Ajjer (1949). Volume I. Recherches zoologiques et médicales. Paris: P. Lechevalier, 302 pp.
 * Bernard, F.. "Les insectes sociaux du Fezzân. Comportement et biogéographie." En: Bernard, F., Peyerimhoff, P. de Mission sc (1948): 87-200.
 * Bharti H., Y. P. Sharma, M. Bharti, and M. Pfeiffer. 2013. Ant species richness, endemicity and functional groups, along an elevational gradient in the Himalayas. Asian Myrmecology 5: 79-101.
 * Bharti H., Y. P. Sharma, and A. Kaur. 2009. Seasonal patterns of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Punjab Shivalik. Halteres 1(1): 36-47.
 * Bhoje P. M., K. Shilpa, and T. V. Sathe. 2014. Diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Kolhapur district of Maharashtra, India. Uttar Pradesh J. Zool. 34(1): 23-25.
 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2018. Notes on ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Gambia (Western Africa). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 26: 1-13.
 * Braet Y., and B. Taylor. 2008. Mission entomologique au Parc National de Pongara (Gabon). Bilan des Formicidae (Hymenoptera) recoltes. Bulletin S. R. B. E./K.B.V.E. 144: 157-169.
 * Chandrasekaran, and Sevarkodiyone. 2004. Regional diversity of ant fauna in three vegetational covers in a rural ecosystem. Environment & Ecology 22(1): 90-94.
 * Chantarasawat N., D. Sitthicharoenchai, C. Chaisuekul, and C. Lekprayoon. 2013. Comparison of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Diversity in Dry Dipterocarp and Mixed-Deciduous Forests at Sri Nan National Park, Northern Thailand. Tropical Natural History 13(1): 1-19.
 * Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
 * Collingwood C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7: 230-302.
 * Collingwood, C. A. and D. Agosti. 1996. Formicidae (Insects: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (Part 2) Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15: 300-385.
 * Collingwood, C. A., and A. van Harten. "Additions to the Ant Fauna of Yemen (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Buchreihe zur Entomologie 8 (2001): 559-568.
 * Collingwood, C. A., and Donat Agosti. "Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (Part 2)." Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15 (1996): 300-385.
 * Collingwood, C. A.. "Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia." Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7 (1985): 230-302.
 * D'Cunha P., and V. Mala Grover Nair. 2013. Diversity and Distribution of Ant Fauna in Hejamadi Kodi Sandspit, Udupi District, Karnataka, India. Halteres 4: 33-47.
 * Dad J. M., S. A. Akbar, H. Bharti, and A. A. Wachkoo. 2019. Community structure and ant species diversity across select sites ofWestern Ghats, India. Acta Ecologica Sinica 39: 219–228.
 * Dey D., and A. Coumar. 2008. Report of a third Camponotus species with metapleural gland from the world and first from India (Hymenoptera :Formicidae :Formicinae :Camponotini). Acta Entomologica Sinica 51(2): 234-236.
 * Diame L., R. Blatrix, I. Grechi, J. Y. Rey, C. A. Bassirou Sane, J. F. Vayssieres, H. de Bon, and K. Diarra. 2015. Relations between the design and management of Senegalese orchards and ant diversity and community composition. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 212: 94-105.
 * Dias R. K. S. 2002. Current knowledge on ants of Sri Lanka. ANeT Newsletter 4: 17- 21.
 * Dias R. K. S. 2006. Current taxonomic status of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka. The Fauna of Sri Lanka: 43-52. Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. (Editor), 2006. Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation. The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka. viii + 308pp.
 * Dias R. K. S. 2013. Diversity and importance of soil-dweeling ants. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Soil Biodiversity, chapt 4, pp 19-22.
 * Dias R. K. S., K. R. K. A. Kosgamage, and H. A. W. S. Peiris. 2012. The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Ants (Order: Hymenoptera, Family: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka. In: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara Eds., Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. p11-19.
 * Dias R. K. S., and K. R. K. Anuradha Kosgamage. 2012. Occurrence and species diversity of ground-dwelling worker ants (Family: Formicidae) in selected lands in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 7: 55-72.
 * Dias R. K. S., and R. P. K. C. Rajapaksa. 2016. Geographic records of subfamilies, genera and species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the four climatic zones of Sri Lanka: a review. J. Sci. Univ. Kelaniya 11(2): 23-45.
 * Dias, R.K.S. 2006. Overview of ant research in Sri Lanka: 2000-2004. ANeT Newsletter 8:7-10
 * Dieng M. M., A. B. Ndiaye, C. T. Ba, and B. Taylor. 2016. Les fourmis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) de l’enclos d’acclimatation de Katane de la reserve de faune du Ferlo nord (Senegal). Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 10(4): 1626-1636.
 * Dietrich C. O. 2004. Taxonomische Beiträge zur Myrmekofauna Jordaniens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Denisia 14: 319-344.
 * Donisthorpe H. 1942. Ants from the Colombo Museum Expedition to Southern India, September-October 1938. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11)9: 449-461.
 * Donisthorpe H. 1942. The Formicidae (Hym.) of the Armstrong College Expedition to the Siwa Oasis. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11)9: 26-33.
 * Donisthorpe H. 1947. Results of the Armstrong College Expedition to Siwa Oasis (Libyan Desert), 1935: A second list of the Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Bulletin de la Société Fouad Ier d'Entomologie 31: 109-111.
 * El-Hawagry M. S., M. W. Khalil, M. R. Sharaf, H. H. Fadl, and A. S. Aldawood. 2013. A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys 274: 188. doi:10.3897/zookeys.274.4529
 * Emery C. 1893. Voyage de M. E. Simon à l'île de Ceylan (janvier-février 1892). Formicides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 62: 239-258.
 * Emery C. 1901. Ameisen gesammelt in Ceylon von Dr. W. Horn 1899. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1901: 113-122.
 * Emery, C.. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte prima. Formiche provenienti dal Viaggio dei signori Antinori, Beccari e Issel nel Mar Rosso e nel paese dei Bogos. [concl.]." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 9 (1877): 363-381.
 * Emery, C.. "Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso dei Signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso "Esploratore" dal 16 novembre 1879 al 26 febbraio 1880. I. Formiche." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 16 (1881): 525-535.
 * Finzi B. 1939. Materiali zoologici dell'Eritrea raccolti da G. Müller durante la spedizione dell'Istituto Sieroterapico Milanese e conservati al Museo di Trieste. Parte III. Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste 14: 153-168.
 * Forel A. 1886. Études myrmécologiques en 1886.. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 30: 131-215.
 * Forel A. 1892. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part I. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 7: 219-245.
 * Forel A. 1892. Liste der aus dem Somaliland von Hrn. Prof. Dr. Conr. Keller aus der Expedition des Prinzen Ruspoli im August und September 1891 zurückgebrachten Ameisen. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 8: 349-354.
 * Forel A. 1910. Ameisen aus der Kolonie Erythräa. Gesammelt von Prof. Dr. K. Escherich (nebst einigen in West-Abessinien von Herrn A. Ilg gesammelten Ameisen). Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 29: 243-274.
 * Forel A. 1913. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise nach Ostindien ausgeführt im Auftrage der Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von H. v. Buttel-Reepen. II. Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. v. Buttel-Reepen in den Jahren 1911-1912. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 36:1-148.
 * Forel, A. 1908. Fourmis de Ceylan et d'Égypte récoltées par le Prof. E. Bugnion. Lasius carniolicus. Fourmis de Kerguelen. Pseudandrie? Strongylognathus testaceus. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 44: 1-22
 * Garcia F.H., Wiesel E. and Fischer G. 2013.The Ants of Kenya (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)Faunal Overview, First Species Checklist, Bibliography, Accounts for All Genera, and Discussion on Taxonomy and Zoogeography. Journal of East African Natural History, 101(2): 127-222
 * Ghahari H., and C. A. Collingwood. 2013. A study on the ants (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Formicidae) from Western Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 48 (1): 155164.
 * Ghosh S. N., and S. Sheela. 2008. On a collection of Formicidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) from Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India, with new records of one rare genus and a rare species. Asian Myrmecology 2: 99-102.
 * IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection
 * Imai H. T., C. Baroni Urbani, M. Kubota, G. P. Sharma, M. H. Narasimhanna, B. C. Das, A. K. Sharma, A. Sharma, G. B. Deodikar, V. G. Vaidya, and M. R. Rajasekarasetty. 1984. Karyological survey of Indian ants. Japanese Journal of Genetics 59: 1-32.
 * Ionescu-Hirsch A. 2009. An annotated list of Camponotus of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key and descriptions of new species. ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY 39: 5798.
 * Kaleeswaran B., S. Ezil, B. P. Ganesh, and S. Bhavatarini. 2008. Biodiversity and niches of Ants in Alagar hills, Tamil nadu Wildlife Biodiversity Conservation Published by Day publishing house pp 188-208.
 * Karavaiev V. 1911. Ameisen aus Aegypten und dem Sudan. Rus. Entomol. Obozr. 11: 1-12.
 * Karmaly K. A.; S. Sumesh, T. P. Rabeesh, and L. Kishore. 2010. A checklist of ants of Thirunelli in Wayanad, Kerala. J. of the Bombay Natural History Society 107(1): 64-67.
 * Kouakou L. M. M., K. Yeo, K. Ouattara, W. Dekoninck, T. Delsinne, and S. Konate. 2018. Investigating urban ant community (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in port cities and in major towns along the border in Côte d’Ivoire: a rapid assessment to detect potential introduced invasive ant species. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 36(1): 5793-5811.
 * Kouakou L. M. M., W. Dekoninck, M. Kone, T. Delsinne, K. Yeo, K. Ouattara, and S. Konate. 2018. Diversity and distribution of introduced and potentially invasive ant species from the three main ecoregions of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa). Belgian Journal of Zoology 148 (1): 83–103.
 * Kugler J. 1988. The zoogeography of Israel. 9. The zoogeography of social insects of Israel and Sinai. Monographiae biologicae 62: 251-275.
 * Kumar D., and M. Archana. 2008. Ant community variation in urban and agricultural ecosystems in Vadodara District (Gujarat State), western India. Asian Myrmecology 2: 85-93.
 * Lévieux J. 1972. Les fourmis de la savane de Lamto (Côte d'Ivoire): éléments de taxonomie. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire. Série A. Sciences Naturelles 34: 611-654.
 * Madl M. 2019. Notes on the ant fauna of Eritrea (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae): type specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum Vienna (Austria) and a preliminary checklist. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 9-18.
 * Mathew R., and R. N. Tiwari. 2000. Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Pp. 251-409 in: Director; Zoological Survey of India (ed.) 2000. Fauna of of Meghalaya. Part 7. [State Fauna Series 4.] Insecta 2000. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 621 pp.
 * Medler J. T. 1980: Insects of Nigeria - Check list and bibliography. Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 30: i-vii, 1-919.
 * Menozzi C. 1930. Formiche della Somalia italiana meridionale. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana. 9: 76-130.
 * Menozzi C. 1931. Spedizione del Barone Raimondo Franchetti in Dancalia. Hymenoptera Formicidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. 55: 154-156.
 * Menozzi C. 1932. Missione scientifica del Prof. E. Zavattari nel Fezzan (1931). Hymenoptera-Formicidae.. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana. 64: 93-95.
 * Menozzi C. 1932. Raccolte mirmecologiche dell'Africa orientale conservate nel Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova. Parte II. Formiche dell'Uganda e delle isole Sesse raccolte dal Dr. E. Bayon. [part]. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. 56: 93-112.
 * Menozzi C. 1932. Spedizione scientifica all'Oasi di Cufra (marzo-luglio 1931). Formiche.. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria. 55: 451-456.
 * Menozzi C. 1934. Reperti mirmecofaunistici raccolti dal Prof. L di Caporiacco nelle oasi di Cufra e in altre localita del deserto Libico. Atti della Societa dei Naturalisti e Matematici di Modena (6)13(65): 153-166
 * Menozzi C. 1939. Hymenoptera Formicidae. Missione Biologica nel Paese dei Borana. 3: 97-110.
 * Menozzi C., M. Consani. 1952. Missione biologica Sagan-Omo diretta dal Prof. E. Zavattari. Hymenoptera Formicidae. Rivista di Biologia Coloniale 11: 57-71.
 * Mikissa J. B., J. H. C. Delabie, J. L. Mercier, and D. Fresnau. 2008. Preliminary Assessment on the Interactions of Wasmannia auropunctata in Native Ant Communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of a Mosaic Gallery Forest/Savannah in Lope National Park, Gabon. Sociobiology 51(1): 207-218.
 * Monks J., S. Ross, M. Geiser, J. De Prins, M. Sharaf, N. Wyatt, S. Al Rijeibi, and A. Polaszek. 2019. A preliminary survey of the insect fauna of the Hajar Mountain Range, Oman. Journal of Natural History 53(15-16): 939-963.
 * Musthak Ali T. M. 1982. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Bangalore with observations on their nesting and foraging habits. Thesis Abstracts. Haryana Agricultural University 8: 370-371.
 * Narendra A., H. Gibb, and T. M. Ali. 2011. Structure of ant assemblages in Western Ghats, India: role of habitat, disturbance and introduced species. Insect Conservation and diversity 4(2): 132-141.
 * Pajni H. R., and R. K. Suri. 1978. First report on the Formicid fauna (Hymenoptera) of Chandigarh. Res. Bull. (Science) Punjab University 29: 5-12.
 * Parui A. K., S. Chatterjee, and P. Basu. 2015. Habitat characteristics shaping ant species assemblages in a mixed deciduous forest in Eastern India. Journal of Tropical Ecology: 1-14. doi:10.1017/S0266467415000036
 * Prins A. J. 1963. A list of the ants collected in the Kruger National Park with notes on their distribution. Koedoe 6: 91-108.
 * Prins A. J. 1964. Revised list of the ants collected in the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 7: 77-93.
 * Rajagopal T., S. P. Sevarkodiyone, and A. Manimozhi. 2005. Ant diversity in some selected localities of Sattur Taluk, Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu. Zoos' Print Journal 20(6): 1887-1888.
 * Rajan P. D., M. Zacharias, and T. M. Mustak Ali. 2006. Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Fauna of Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary (Karnataka). Conservation Area Series, Zool. Surv. India.i-iv,27: 153-188.
 * Ramesh T., K. J. Hussain, K. K. Satpathy, M. Selvanayagam, and M. V. R. Prasad. 2010. Diversity, distribution and species composition of ants fauna at Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Campus Kalpakkam, South India. World Journal of Zoology 5 (1): 56-65.
 * Rasheed M. T., I. Bodlah, A. G. Fareen, A. A. Wachkoo, X. Huang, and S. A. Akbar. 2019. A checklist of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pakistan. Sociobiology 66(3): 426-439.
 * Rickson F.R., and M.M. Rickson. 1998. The cashew nut, Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae), and its perennial association with ants: extrafloral nectary location and the potential for ant defense. American Journal of Botany 85(6): 835-849.
 * Santschi F. 1910. Mission Gruvel et Chudeau en Mauritanie occidentale. III. Partie zoologique. Hyménoptères. 2e partie. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux. 64: 233-234.
 * Santschi F. 1933. Contribution à l'étude des fourmis de l'Afrique tropicale. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 73: 95-108.
 * Santschi F. 1935. Hymenoptera. I. Formicidae. Mission Scientifique de l'Omo 2: 255-277.
 * Santschi, F. 1934. Fourmis du Sahara central. Memoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle d'Afrique du Nord 4: 165-177.
 * Santschi, F. 1938. Quelques nouvelles fourmis d'Egypte. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 21: 28-44.
 * Sharaf M. R., B. L. Fisher, H. M. Al Dhafer, A. Polaszek, and A. S. Aldawood. 2018. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrmecology 10: e010004
 * Sharaf M.R., and K. Al-Zailaie. 2006. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Farasan islands protectorate (Saudi Arabia). Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt 83: 61-68.
 * Shukla R. K., H. Singh, N. Rastogi, and V. M. Agarwal. 2013. Impact of abundant Pheidole ant species on soil nutrients in relation to the food biology of the species. Applied Soil Ecology 71: 15 23.
 * Sitthicharoenchai D., and N. Chantarasawat. 2006. Ant species diversity in the establishing area for Advanced Technology Institute at Lai-Nan Sub-district, Wiang Sa district, Nan Province, Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 6(2): 67-74
 * Stitz H. 1910. Westafrikanische Ameisen. I. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 5: 125-151.
 * Tak N. 2000. Studies on ants (Formicidae) of Rajasthan--II Dungarpur. Entomon 25: 47-54.
 * Tak N. 2008. Ants of Rajasthan. Conserving Biodiversity of Rajasthan Zool. Surv. India. 149-155.
 * Tak N. 2009. Ants Formicidae of Rajasthan. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 288, iv, 46 p
 * Tak N., and N. S. Rathore. 1996. Ant (Formicidae) fauna of the Thar Desert. Pp. 271-276 in: Ghosh, A. K.; Baqri, Q. H.; Prakash, I. (eds.) 1996. Faunal diversity in the Thar Desert: gaps in research. Jodhpur: Scientific Publishers, xi + 410 pp.
 * Tak N., and N. S. Rathore. 2004. Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae. State Fauna Series 8: Fauna of Gujarat. Zool. Surv. India. Pp. 161-183.
 * Tak N., and S. I. Kazmi. 2013. On some ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Nagaland, India. Rec. zool. Surv. India: 113(1): 169-182.
 * Tak N., and S. L. Kazmi. 2011. On a collection of Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae from Uttarakhand. Rec. zool. Surv. India : 111(2) : 39-49.
 * Tak, N. 2009. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Thar Desert of Rajasthan and Gujarat. in C. Sivaperuman et al. (eds.), Faunal Ecology and Conservation of the Great Indian Desert
 * Taylor B., N. Agoinon, A. Sinzogan, A. Adandonon, Y. N'Da Kouagou, S. Bello, R. Wargui, F. Anato, I. Ouagoussounon, H. Houngbo, S. Tchibozo, R. Todjhounde, and J. F. Vayssieres. 2018. Records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Republic of Benin, with particular reference to the mango farm ecosystem. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 8(1): 006–029.
 * Taylor B., Z. A. Yefremova, V. D. Kravchenko, and G. C. Muller. 2016. The ants of Mali (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – a historical review and new records. Entomofauna 37(35): 545‐564.
 * Tiwari R. N. 1999. Taxonomic studies on ants of southern India (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 18(4): 1-96.
 * Tiwari R.N., B.G. Kundu, S. Roychowdhury, S.N. Ghosh. 1999. Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Pp. 211-294 in: Director; Zoological Survey of India (ed.) 1999. Fauna of West Bengal. Part 8. Insecta (Trichoptera, Thysanoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera and Anoplura). Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, iv + 442 pp.
 * Tiwari R.N., B.G. Kundu, S. Sheela, and S. N. Ghosh. 2004. Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Alfred, J.R.B. [Ed.], Fauna of Manipur, part - 2 (insects). State fauna series 10. Zool.Surv.India.i-v, 1-625. Chapter pagination: 605-625.
 * Tiwari, R.N. 1999. Taxonomic studies on ants of southern India (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 18(4):1-96
 * Umair M., A. Zia, M. Naeem, and M. T. Chaudhry. 2012. Species composition of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Potohar Plateau of Punjab Province, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 44(3): 669-705.
 * Varghese T. 2004. Taxonomic studies on ant genera of the Indian Institute of Science campus with notes on their nesting habits. Pp. 485-502 in : Rajmohana, K.; Sudheer, K.; Girish Kumar, P.; Santhosh, S. (eds.) 2004. Perspectives on biosystematics and biodiversity. Prof. T.C. Narendran commemoration volume. Kerala: Systematic Entomology Research Scholars Association, xxii + 666 pp.
 * Viehmeyer H. 1923. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der mit Unterstützung der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien aus der Erbschaft Treitl von F. Werner unternommenen zoologischen Expedition nach dem anglo-ägyptischen Sudan (Kordofan) 1914. VII. Hymenoptera A. Formicidae. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 98: 83-94.
 * Vonshak M., and A. Ionescu-Hirsch. 2009. A checklist of the ants of Israel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 39: 33-55.
 * Weber N. A. 1964. Termite prey of some African ants. Entomological News 75: 197-204.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. II. The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45: 39-269.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45: 711-1004