Cole, Arthur Charles Jr. (1908-1995)

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
Arthur C. Cole, Jr. was a professor of entomology at the University of Tennessee. For 35 years he was a student of North American ants.

| Attribution to ESA

Dr. Arthur Charles Cole, Jr. (deceased 21 February 1995), a professor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UT), was elected as Fellow in 1943. He was highly regarded for his work on ant taxonomy and systematics. One colleague described him as “the epitome of a dedicated, unassuming, and charming role model for all graduate students.”

Dr. Cole was born in Michigan on 2 March 1908. He moved to Champaign, IL as a boy. He attended graduate school at The Ohio State University (OSU). He completed an M.S. in 1930 with his research on insects infesting Typha spp. plants. Three years later, he completed a Ph.D. at OSU focusing on ant ecology in the southern and northern desert shrub region of the U.S. As a graduate student, he elected to take additional courses in creative writing and English to enhance his writing skills. He began his professional academic career at UT in 1937, and remained there as a scholar and educator until his retirement in 1975.

Dr. Cole worked primarily on ants of the southwestern U.S., but he collected specimens from across the continent, including Idaho, Indiana, and Tennessee. He inventoried ants on the Bikini Atoll of the Marshall Islands in 1947 and at the Nevada atomic test site in 1962. He was a prolific entomologist; he described over 20 new species of ants and authored over 80 papers and one book. Of these publications, at least 69 were single-authored and dealt with ant ecology, systematics, and taxonomy. Dr. Cole supervised numerous graduate students during his tenure at UT.

Two of Dr. Cole’s graduate students, James Goodwin and Dewey Caron, remember him as dedicated, hardworking, and passionate about ants. Both recall that his favorite study organisms were ants of the genus Pogonomyrmex. Dr. Cole has the distinguished honor of supervising the first year of E.O. Wilson's doctoral program. In the book, Naturalist, Wilson recalls that he began work on a Ph.D. at UT “mainly because of the presence there of Arthur Cole.” Wilson served as Cole’s teaching assistant for the year he spent at UT.

Cole left UT for three years to serve as a Captain in the U.S. Air Force during WW II. His service earned him commendations and enabled him to travel to China, Burma, and India. Dr. Cole was a long-time member of the ESA, the International Union for the Study of Social Insects, the Society of Systematic Zoology, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Association of Southeastern Biologists, and the Tennessee Academy of Science. His collections are housed in the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, CA.

ANT TAXONOMY
The Cole ant collection is at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.

Publications

 * [[Media:Allred & Cole 1971.pdf| Allred, D. M.; Cole, A. C., Jr. 1971. Ants of the National Reactor Testing Station. Great Basin Naturalist 31:237-242. PDF]]
 * [[Media:Allred & Cole 1979.pdf|Allred, D. M.; Cole, A. C., Jr. 1979. Ants from northern Arizona and southern Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 39:97-102. [1979-03-31] PDF]]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1932a. The relation of the ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis Cr., to its habitat. Ohio Journal of Science 32:133-146. [1932-03]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1932b. Notes on the ant Pogonomyrmex californicus, Buckley (Hym.: Formicidae). Entomological News 43:113-115. [1932-05-12]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1932c. Nests of the ant, Formica subpolita Mayr, in the western United States. Ohio Journal of Science 32:247-248. [1932-05]
 * [[Media:Cole 1932.pdf|Cole, A. C. Jr. 1932d. The Thatching Ant, Formica Obscuripes Forel Psyche Volume 39 (1932), Issue 1-2, Pages 30-33.]]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1933a. Ant communities of a section of the sagebrush semi-desert in Idaho, with special reference to the vegetation (Hymenop.: Formicidae). Entomological News 44:16-19. [1933-01-12]
 * [[Media:Cole 1933b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1933b. Descriptions of two new ants of the genus Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 26: 616-618.]]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1933c. An ecological study of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the southern and northern desert shrub regions of the United States. Abstracts of Doctors' Dissertations. Ohio State University 11:97-105.
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1934a. Studies of semidesert ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [part]. Entomological News 45:96-101. [1934-04-10]
 * [[Media:Cole, A.C. 1934. A brief account of aestivation and overwintering of the occident ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis in Idaho.pdf|Cole, A.C., Jr. 1934. A brief account of aestivation and overwintering of the Occident Ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis Cresson, in Idaho. The Canadian Entomologist 66: 193-198]].
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1934b. An ecological study of the ants of the southern desert shrub region of the United States. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 27:388-405.
 * [[Media:Cole 1934c.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1934c. An annotated list of the ants of the Snake River Plains, Idaho (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Cambridge) 41:221-227. [1934-12] PDF]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1936a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1936a. An annotated list of the ants of Idaho (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Can. Entomol. 68: 34-39.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1936b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1936b. Descriptions of seven new western ants. (Hymenop.: Formicidae). Entomol. News 47: 118-121.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1937.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1937a. An annotated list of the ants of Arizona (Hymen.: Formicidae). [part]. Entomological News 48:97-101. [1937-04-13.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1937.pdf|Cole, A.C.,Jr. 1937b. An annotated list of the ants of Arizona. Entomological News 48: 134-140 (conclusion). [13.iv. and 13.v.1937.] PDF]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1938a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1938a. Suggestions concerning taxonomic nomenclature of the hymenopterous family Formicidae, and descriptions of three new ants. Am. Midl. Nat. 19: 236-241.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1938b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1938b. A new ant from Idaho's semidesert. Am. Midl. Nat. 19: 678-681.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1938c.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1938c. Descriptions of new ants from the western United States. Am. Midl. Nat. 20: 368-373.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1939a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1939a. A new ant from the Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee. Am. Midl. Nat. 22: 413-417.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1939.pdf| Cole, A. C., Jr. 1939b. Pseudogynes of Formica neogagates Emery. American Midland Naturalist 22:418-419.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1940a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1940a. A new ant from Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat. 23: 224-226.]]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1940b. A guide to the ants of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. American Midland Naturalist 24:1-88.
 * [[Media:Cole 1942.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1942. The ants of Utah. Am. Midl. Nat. 28: 358-388.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1943a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1943a [1942]. Synonyms of Formica difficilis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 35: 389.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1943b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1943b. A new subspecies of Formica moki Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Am. Midl. Nat. 29: 183-184.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1947.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1947 [1946]. A description of Formica parcipappa, a new ant from Idaho (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 39: 616-618.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1948.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1948. A synonym of Pheidole dentata var. commutata Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 50: 82.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1949 Gesomyrmex.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1949a. A study of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr, and a description of a species new to the genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 42: 71-76. PDF']]
 * [[Media:Cole 1949a.pdf| Cole, A. C., Jr. 1949b. The ants of Mountain Lake, Virginia. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 24:155-156.]]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1949c. Notes on Gesomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomological News 60:181. [1949-10-24]
 * [[Media:Cole 1949.pdf| Cole, A. C., Jr. 1949d. The ants of Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands (Hymenoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 25:172-174.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1952a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1952a. A new subspecies of Trachymyrmex smithi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from New Mexico. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 27: 159-162.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1952b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1952b. A new Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Florida. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 45: 443-444.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1952c.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1952c. Notes on the Pheidole pilifera (Roger) complex and a description of a new subspecies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 27: 278-280.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1953.pdf| Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953a. A checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 28:34-35.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1953b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953b. Studies of New Mexico ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). I. A new species of Myrmica. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 28: 81-82.]]
 * [[Media: Cole 1953b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953c. Studies of New Mexico ants. II. A description of a new subspecies of Aphaenogaster huachucana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 28: 82-84.]]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953d. Studies of New Mexico ants. III. The ponerines and dorylines (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 28:84-85.
 * [[Media:Cole 1953e.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953e. Notes on the genus Leptothorax in New Mexico and a description of a new species. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 55: 27-30.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1953f.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953f. Studies of New Mexico ants. IV. The genera Myrmica, Manica, Aphaenogaster, and Novomessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 28: 242-244.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1953g.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953g. Studies of New Mexico ants. V. The genus Pheidole with synonymy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 28: 297-299.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1953h.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953h. Studies of New Mexico ants. VI. The genera Monomorium, Solenopsis, Myrmecina, and Trachymyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [part]. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 28: 299-300.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1953h.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953i. Studies of New Mexico ants. VI. The genera Monomorium, Solenopsis, Myrmecina, and Trachymyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [concl.]. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 28:316.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1953j.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1953j. Brachymyrmex depilis subsp. flavescens Grundmann a synonym of Brachymyrmex depilis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomol. News 64: 266.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1954a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1954a. Studies of New Mexico ants. VIII. A solution to the Formica densiventris Viereck problem (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 29: 89-90.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1954a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1954b. Studies of New Mexico ants. VII. The genus Pogonomyrmex with synonymy and a description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 29: 115-121.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1954c.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1954c. Studies of New Mexico ants. XI. The genus Formica with a description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 29: 163-167.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1954d.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1954d. Studies of New Mexico ants. X. The genus Leptothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 29: 240-241.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1954e.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1954e. Studies of New Mexico ants. IX. Pogonomyrmex apache Wheeler a synonym of Pogonomyrmex sancti-hyacinthi Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 29: 266-271.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1954f.pdf| Cole, A. C., Jr. 1954f. Studies of New Mexico ants. XII. The genera Brachymyrmex, Camponotus, and Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 29:271-272. [1954-10] PDF]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1954g.pdf| Cole, A. C., Jr. 1954g. Studies of New Mexico ants. XIII. The genera Acanthomyops, Myrmecocystus, and Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 29:284-285.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1955a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1955a. Studies of New Mexico ants. XIV. A description of a new species of Pheidole Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 30: 47-49.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1955b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1955b. Studies of New Mexico ants. XV. Additions, corrections, and new synonymy. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 30: 49-50.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1955c.pdf|Cole, A.C.,Jr. 1955c. Studies of Nevada ants. 1. Notes on Veromessor lariversi M.R. Smith and a description of the queen. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 30: 51-52. [(31).i.1955.] PDF]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1956a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1956a. Studies of Nevada ants. II. A new species of Lasius (Chthonolasius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 26-27.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1956b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1956b. A new species of Leptothorax from Arizona (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 28-31.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1956c.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1956c. Observations of some members of the genus Pheidole in the southwestern United States with synonymy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 112-118.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1956d.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1956d. In defense of the integrity of an ant. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 212-214.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1956e.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1956e. Leptothorax stenotyle (n. nov.) for Leptothorax angustinodus Cole. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 214.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1956f.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1956f. Studies of Nevada ants. III. The status of Formica nevadensis Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 256-257.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1956g.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1956g. Studies of Nevada ants. IV. Descriptions of sexual castes of three members of the rufa group of the genus Formica L. J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 257-260.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1956h.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1956h. New synonymy in the genus Manica Jurine (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 31: 260-262.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1957a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1957a. Paramyrmica, a new North American genus of ants allied to Myrmica Latreille. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 32: 37-42.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1957b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1957b. A new Leptothorax from Texas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 32: 42-45.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1957c.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1957c. Descriptions of sexual castes of some ants in the genera Myrmica, Manica and Xiphomyrmex from the western United States (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 32: 208-213.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1957d.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1957d. Another new Leptothorax from Texas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 32: 213-215.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1958a.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1958a. A remarkable new species of Lasius (Chthonolasius) from California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 38: 75-77.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1958b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1958b [1957]. Notes on western ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 65: 129-131.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1958c.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1958c. North American Leptothorax of the nitens-carinatus complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 51: 535-538.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1963.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1963a. A new species of Veromessor from the Nevada Test Site and notes on related species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 56: 678-682.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1965.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1965. Discovery of the worker caste of Pheidole (P.) inquilina, new combination (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 58: 173-175.]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1966.pdf| Cole, A. C., Jr. 1966a. Keys to the subgenera, complexes, and species of the genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in North America, for identification of the workers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 59:528-530. [1966-05-15] PDF]]
 * [[Media:Cole 1966b.pdf|Cole, A. C., Jr. 1966b. Ants of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. Biol. Ser. 7(3): 1-27.]]
 * Cole, A. C., Jr. 1968. Pogonomyrmex harvester ants. A study of the genus in North America. Knoxville, Tenn.: University of Tennessee Press, x + 222 pp.
 * [[Media:Cole&Jones 1948.pdf| Cole, A. C., Jr.; Jones, J. W., Jr. 1948. A study of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fab.). American Midland Naturalist 39:641-651. [1948-07-28] PDF]]