Pheidole vulgaris

This species occurs from forest edges to well-developed forests, and nests in the soil (Eguchi et al. 2004). Colonies are at least occasionally polygynous.

Identification
Eguchi (2008) - This species is characterized among Indo-Chinese species by the combination of the following features: in the major vertex and vertexal lobe largely smooth, or with weak and interrupted rugoso-reticulation directed towards the posterolateral corner of the lobes, often with interspaces punctured; in the minor head and promesonotal dome smooth and shining; in the major hypostoma with conspicuous submedian processes and one very low or vestigial median process; in the minor maximal diameter of eye (a little) shorter than antennal segment X; in the major and minor promesonotal dome lacking a conspicuous prominence/mound on its posterior slope; in the major and minor petiole longer than postpetiole; in the major and minor postpetiole not massive.

This species is very similar to Pheidole taipoana Wheeler and Pheidole laevicolor Eguchi but well distinguished from the latter two by the following characteristics: the major of the latter two having dorsum of vertexal lobe reticulate; the minor of the latter two having maximal diameter of eye a little longer than the length of antennal segment X. This species is also similar to Pheidole vieti (see under P. vieti).

Distribution
Known from Vietnam, S. China, Thailand and Utter Pradish.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Oriental Region: India, Thailand, Vietnam. Palaearctic Region: China.

Nomenclature

 *  vulgaris. Pheidole vulgaris Eguchi, 2006: 127, figs. (s.w.) VIETNAM. See also: Eguchi, 2008: 103.

Worker
Eguchi (2008) - Major (data from Eguchi 2006). — HL 1.18–1.38 mm; HW 1.06– 1.21 mm; CI 86–91; SL 0.60–0.68 mm; SI 53–59; FI 0.81–0.94 mm; FI 75–81. Minor (data from Eguchi 2006). — HL 0.54–0.61 mm; HW 0.46–0.53 mm; CI 85–91; SL 0.52–0.61 mm; SI 108–117; FL 0.57–0.67 mm; FI 116–127.

Major — Body covered with relatively long standing hairs. Head in lateral view not or very weakly impressed on vertex; dorsal surface of head variable in sculpture; frons obliquely rugose or largely smooth with sparse interrupted and irregular rugulae; vertex and vertexal lobe largely smooth, or weakly and discontinuously rugose/rugoso-reticulate obliquely toward posterolateral corner of the lobes, often with the interspaces punctured; frontal carina absent or inconspicuous (present just as rugulae); antennal scrobe absent; clypeus sometimes with an evanescent or weak median longitudinal carina; hypostoma with a low or inconspicous median process and a pair of conspicuous submedian processes in addition to a pair of conspicuous lateral processes; outer surface of mandible smooth and shining excluding its basal area, and covered relatively long decumbent hairs; antenna with a 3-segmented club; eye consisting of usually more than 20 ommatidia (but sometimes less than 20 ommatidia); maximal diameter of eye almost as long as, or a little shorter or a little longer than antennal segment X. Promesonotal dome at most with an inconspicuous mound on its posterior slope; humerus of the dome only very weakly produced; the dome usually a little narrower, but sometimes a little broader (as seen in the holotype), at the humeri than at the bottom. Petiole (a little) longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium); postpetiole not massive. First gastral tergite very weakly punctured at least around its articulation with postpetiole, and smooth or sometimes shagreened in the remainder.

Minor — Body yellowish-brown. Frons and vertex smooth and shining; preoccipital carina complete but weak dorsally; clypeus without a median longitudinal carina; antenna with a 3-segmented club; scape exceeding posterior margin of head by the length of second antennal segment or more; eye consisting of 12–18 ommatidia; maximal diameter of eye (a little) shorter than antennal segment X. Promesonotal dome largely smooth and shining, in lateral view without a mound on its posterior slope; humerus of the dome in dorso-oblique view not produced; mesopleuron punctured; metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum weakly punctured or almost smooth; propodeal spine small, elongate-triangular. Petiole (a little) longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium); postpetiole not massive but relatively large, in lateral view somewhat globular.

Type Material
Eguchi (2008) - Holotype: major, My Yen Commune Forest, 21°35’N, 105°36’E, Na Hau Village, My Yen Commune, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam, Eg01-VN-155,, examined; paratypes: 19 majors & 20 minors, same data as holotype, IEBR, , , , & , examined.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Cheng D., Z. Chen, and S. Zhou. 2015. An analysis on the ant fauna of Jinzhongshan Nature Reserve in Gunagxi, China. Journal of Guangxi Normal University: Natural Science Edition 33(3): 129.137.
 * Eguchi K. 2006. Six new species of Pheidole Westwood from North Vietnam (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 113:115-131
 * Eguchi K. 2008. A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Zootaxa 1902: 1-118.
 * Eguchi K., S. Yamane, and S.Y. Zho. 2007. Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole rinae Emery complex. Sociobiology 50 (1): 275-284.
 * Eguchi K.; Bui T. V.; Yamane S. 2011. Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), part I  Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmecinae. Zootaxa 2878: 1-61.
 * Eguchi, K. "Six new species of Pheidole Westwood from North Vietnam (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Revue Suisse de Zoologie 113 (2006): 115-131.
 * Fontanilla A. M., A. Nakamura, Z. Xu, M. Cao, R. L. Kitching, Y. Tang, and C. J. Burwell. 2019. Taxonomic and functional ant diversity along tropical, subtropical, and subalpine elevational transects in southwest China. Insects 10, 128; doi:10.3390/insects10050128
 * Guénard B., and R. R. Dunn. 2012. A checklist of the ants of China. Zootaxa 3558: 1-77.