Formica rufa

Distribution
This taxon was described from Europe. It is also found in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Nomenclature

 *  rufa. Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761: 426 (q.m.) EUROPE. [Not Linnaeus, 1758: 580 (w.); see Yarrow, 1954b: 313; Yarrow, 1955a: 5.] Latreille, 1802c: 143 (w.q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 166 (l.). Senior synonym of apicalis: Roger, 1862c: 287; of dorsata: Stephens, 1829: 357; Nylander, 1846a: 902; of ferruginea: Emery, 1892b: 161; of gaullei: Yarrow, 1955a: 4; Bernard, 1967: 308; of major: Emery & Forel, 1879: 450; Yarrow, 1955a: 3; Dlussky, 1967a: 93; of meridionalis: Yarrow, 1955a: 4; Dlussky & Pisarski, 1971: 184; of piniphila: Mayr, 1855: 328; Yarrow, 1955a: 4; Betrem, 1960b: 76; of rufopratensis: Karavaiev, 1936: 240; Dlussky, 1967a: 93. Material of the unavailable names bondroiti, emeryi referred here by Yarrow, 1955a: 4; of major Gösswald by Dlussky, 1967a: 93. Current subspecies: nominal plus angusticeps, brevisetosa, constricta, obscurata, rufopratensoides, rufobrevisetosa, tshugunovi. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 425; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 245; Yarrow, 1955a: 3; Dlussky, 1967a: 93; Kutter, 1977c: 273; Collingwood, 1979: 141; Douwes, 1979: 187; Douwes, 1981: 213; Pavan, 1981: 1; Gösswald, 1989: 16; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 277; Czechowski & Douwes, 1996: 125.
 * ferruginea. Formica ferruginea Christ, 1791: 512, pl. 60, fig. 10 (w.) no locality. Junior synonym of rufa: Emery, 1892b: 161.
 * dorsata. Formica dorsata Panzer, 1798: no. 1651 (q.) AUSTRIA. Junior synonym of rufa: Stephens, 1829: 357; Nylander, 1846a: 902.
 * piniphila. Formica piniphila Schenck, 1852: 28 (w.q.m.) GERMANY. Junior synonym of rufa: Mayr, 1855: 328; Emery & Forel, 1879: 450; Dalla Torre, 1893: 208. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of rufa: Forel, 1915d: 57. Revived status as species: Bondroit, 1918: 57. Subspecies of rufa: Emery, 1925b: 253; Stitz, 1939: 338. Junior synonym of major: Betrem, 1953: 325; of rufa: Yarrow, 1955a: 4; Betrem, 1960b: 76; Dlussky, 1967a: 93; Bernard, 1967: 308; Kutter, 1977c: 273.
 * apicalis. Formica apicalis Smith, F. 1858b: 49 (q.) "South America"; locality in error. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of apicalis Latreille, 1802c: 204, above.] Junior synonym of rufa: Roger, 1862c: 287.
 * rufopratensis. Formica rufa var. rufopratensis Forel, 1874: 53 (w.q.) SWITZERLAND. Stitz, 1939: 338 (m.). Subspecies of pratensis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 205; of rufa: Emery, 1925b: 253; Karavaiev, 1927c: 282. Junior synonym of rufa: Karavaiev, 1936: 240; Dlussky, 1967a: 93.
 * meridionalis. Formica rufa var. meridionalis Nasonov, 1889: 17 (w.) RUSSIA. Subspecies of rufa: Ruzsky, 1905b: 330; Emery, 1909b: 186; Karavaiev, 1936: 244. Junior synonym of rufa: Yarrow, 1955a: 4; Dlussky & Pisarski, 1971: 184.
 * gaullei. Formica gaullei Bondroit, 1917a: 176, fig. 1 (w.) FRANCE. Subspecies of rufa: Emery, 1925b: 253; Stitz, 1939: 339; Röszler, 1950: 213. Junior synonym of rufa: Yarrow, 1955a: 4.