Cataglyphis nodus

This is a common species known from all Greek provinces except Cyclades and Crete (single record from Crete is probably an error or based on an introduced specimen). It is an extremely termophilous species, active midday on sandy roads, roadsides with Mediterranean shrubs, urban rural areas and pastures. Nests located in the ground (Borowiec & Salata, 2021). Pashaei Rad et al. (2018) found this species in Iran on parkland ground in a moderate rainfall area.

Distribution
This is a common species, known from all Greek provinces except Cyclades and from a single record from Crete which has been recently questioned (Salata et al., 2020; Borowiec et al., 2022).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: United Arab Emirates. Palaearctic Region: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.

Nomenclature

 * . Formica nodus Brullé, 1833: 326, pl. 48, fig. 1 (w.) GREECE.
 * [Misspelled as nuda by Santschi, 1929b: 50 (in text), Santschi, 1933b: 108; misspelled as nobus by Arnol'di, 1948: 212 (in list).]
 * Combination in Cataglyphis: Mayr, 1861: 44;
 * combination in Myrmecocystus: Emery & Forel, 1879: 449.
 * Junior synonym of viatica: Roger, 1861b: 163; Mayr, 1861: 44 (in key); Mayr, 1863: 402; Roger, 1863b: 12; André, 1874: 202 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 449; Dalla Torre, 1893: 218.
 * Subspecies of bicolor: Emery, 1925b: 265; Soudek, 1925b: 15; Santschi, 1926f: 290; Menozzi, 1927e: 119; Finzi, 1928c: 791; Menozzi, 1929e: 128; Santschi, 1929b: 43; Santschi, 1929c: 106; Finzi, 1930d: 317; Santschi, 1931a: 13; Santschi, 1932f: 520; Menozzi, 1932e: 454; Santschi, 1933b: 108; Menozzi, 1933b: 86; Santschi, 1934d: 281; Grandi, 1935: 104; Zimmermann, 1935: 54; Finzi, 1936: 192; Santschi, 1936c: 210; Menozzi, 1936d: 305; Finzi, 1939c: 160; Santschi, 1939c: 7; Menozzi, 1940: 271; Finzi, 1940: 165; Arnol'di, 1948: 212 (in list); Bernard, 1948: 162; Bernard, 1950b: 292; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1065; Bernard, 1953a: 199; Délye, 1960: 261; Hamann & Klemm, 1967: 419; Cagniant, 1970c: 30.
 * Junior synonym of bicolor: Wehner, et al. 1983: 7.
 * Status as species: Arnol'di, 1964: 1802; Pisarski, 1965: 421; Aktaç, 1977: 128; Collingwood, 1985: 290; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 59; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 284 (in key); Agosti, 1990b: 1489; Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 291; Collingwood, 1993b: 195; Arakelian, 1994: 108; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gallé, et al. 1998: 217; Radchenko, 1998: 505 (in key); Csösz, & Markó, 2005: 234; Bračko, 2006: 146; Markó, Sipos, et al. 2006: 67; Petrov, 2006: 110 (in key); Werner & Wiezik, 2007: 143; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 132; Paknia, et al. 2008: 154; Lush, 2009: 116; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 58; Collingwood, et al. 2011: 462; Csösz, et al. 2011: 59; Legakis, 2011: 34; Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 75; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 486; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 9; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 383; Borowiec, L. 2014: 58; Bračko, et al. 2014: 19; Lebas, et al. 2016: 164; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2018: 5; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 44; Seifert, 2018: 298; Khalili-Moghadam, et al. 2019: 169.
 * Senior synonym of caucasicola: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Arakelian, 1994: 108; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 132.
 * Senior synonym of mesasiatica: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433.
 * Senior synonym of orientalis: Emery, 1925b: 265; Finzi, 1928c: 791; Santschi, 1929b: 43; Finzi, 1930d: 317; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1065; Pisarski, 1965: 421; Agosti, 1990b: 1489; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gallé, et al. 1998: 217; Csösz, et al. 2011: 59; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 9.
 * Senior synonym of rufiventris: Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 383 (in text).
 * caucasicola. Cataglyphis nodus subsp. caucasicola Arnol'di, 1964: 1803, figs. 1, 2 (w.m.) GEORGIA.
 * Subspecies of nodus: Agosti, 1990b: 1490.
 * Junior synonym of nodus: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Arakelian, 1994: 108; Bolton, 1995b: 135; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 132.
 * mesasiatica. Cataglyphis nodus subsp. mesasiatica Arnol'di, 1964: 1803, figs. 1, 3 (w.m.) TURKMENISTAN.
 * Subspecies of nodus: Agosti, 1990b: 1490.
 * Junior synonym of nodus: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 153; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433.
 * orientalis. Myrmecocystus viaticus var. orientalis Forel, 1895d: 228 (in text) (w.) TURKEY.
 * Combination in M. (Cataglyphis): Forel, 1911d: 353;
 * combination in Cataglyphis: Emery, 1912f: 99.
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery, 1906d: 58; Emery, 1908g: 217; Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916: 173.
 * Junior synonym of setipes: Ruzsky, 1905b: 430.
 * Subspecies of viatica: Forel, 1895d: 233; Forel, 1904d: 175; Forel, 1910a: 24; Forel, 1911d: 353; Schkaff, 1925: 276.
 * Subspecies of bicolor: Forel, 1906c: 189; Santschi, 1921a: 116; Finzi, 1923: 4; Weber, 1952c: 22.
 * Junior synonym of nodus: Emery, 1925b: 265; Finzi, 1928c: 791; Santschi, 1929b: 43; Finzi, 1930d: 317; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1065; Pisarski, 1965: 421; Agosti, 1990b: 1489; Bolton, 1995b: 136; Radchenko, 1997c: 433; Gallé, et al. 1998: 217; Csösz, et al. 2011: 59; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 9.
 * rufiventris. Cataglyphis bicolor var. rufiventris Emery, 1925b: 265.
 * [First available use of Myrmecocystus (Cataglyphis) viaticus subsp. orientalis var. rufiventris Forel, 1911d: 353 (w.) GREECE; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name (Agosti, 1990b: 1488).]
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Santschi, 1921a: 116; Santschi, 1929b: 44.
 * Subspecies of bicolor: Santschi, 1926f: 290; Agosti, 1990b: 1488; Bolton, 1995b: 137; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 57; Legakis, 2011: 35; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 9.
 * Junior synonym of nodus: Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2013: 383 (in text).

Taxonomic Notes
Khalili-Moghadam et al. (2019) - The Iranian samples are generally darker in colour than the typical populations from the Balkans. Unfortunately, the material from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province contained only workers, so we were unable to compare the male genitalia of the Iranian and Balkan populations. We do not know, therefore, whether these darker populations represent a separate morphotype or even a separate species.

Eyer et al. (2017) suggested that there is no true C. nodus in Israel, only its hybrids with other local species thus status of Jordanian populations needs conformation by genetic studies (Borowiec & Salata, 2020).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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