Solenopsis geminata

Distribution
This taxon was described from Central America. It is also found in New Caledonia, Dominican Republic, Philippines, Ecuador, Brazil, New Guinea, Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Costa Rica, Canada, United States, Puerto Rico, India, Réunion, Mauritius, Madagascar, Gabon, Japan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Viet Nam, Thailand, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, Greece, Fiji, Vanuatu, Guam, Samoa, Tonga, Saint Lucia, Barbados, Canary Islands, Kiribati, Marshall Islands and Australia (northern Northern Territory only).

Nomenclature

 *  geminata. Atta geminata Fabricius, 1804: 423 (q.) CENTRAL AMERICA. Roger, 1862c: 289 (w.m.); Mayr, 1867a: 110 (w.q.m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1900b: 21 (l.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1955c: 132 (l.); Crozier, 1970: 116 (k.). Combination in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1863: 453. Senior synonym of clypeata, mandibularis: Roger, 1862c: 289; of cephalotes, paleata: Roger, 1863b: 32; Trager, 1991: 163; of glaber, laboriosus, polita: Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1886c: 362; Trager, 1991: 163; of drewseni: Mayr, 1870b: 996 (footnote); Mayr, 1886d: 460; of coloradensis: Mayr, 1886c: 365; of lincecumii, saxicola: Emery, 1895c: 276; of innota: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877; of nigra: Creighton, 1930b: 59; of laevissima, mellea: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 463, 455 respectively; of rufa (and its junior synonym diabola): Ettershank, 1966: 141; of eduardi (and its junior synonym perversa), medusa (and its junior synonym bahiaensis), galapageia: Trager, 1991: 163. See also: Smith, D.R. 1979: 1386. Current subspecies: nominal plus micans.
 * paleata. Myrmica paleata Lund, 1831a: 116 (footnote) (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1863b: 32.
 * mandibularis. Solenopsis mandibularis Westwood, 1840b: 87, pl. 2, fig. 5 (w.) "America aequinoctiali". Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1862c: 289.
 * rufa. Atta rufa Jerdon, 1851: 106 (w.q.) INDIA. Bingham, 1903: 158 (m.). Combination in Solenopsis: Emery, 1892b: 166. Junior synonym of geminata: Dalla Torre, 1893: 76. Revived from synonymy as subspecies of geminata: Forel, 1899a: 119; Wheeler, W.M. 1915b: 397; Creighton, 1930b: 66. Senior synonym of diabola: Creighton, 1930b: 66. Junior synonym of geminata: Ettershank, 1966: 141.
 * clypeata. Atta clypeata Smith, F. 1858b: 169 (q.m.) MEXICO. Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1862c: 289.
 * cephalotes. Solenopsis cephalotes Smith, F. 1859a: 149 (s.w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Roger, 1863b: 32; of rufa: Creighton, 1950a: 231; of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
 * mellea. Myrmica mellea Smith, F. 1859a: 148 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 455.
 * laboriosus. Crematogaster laboriosus Smith, F. 1860b: 109 (q.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Combination in Solenopsis: Mayr, 1863: 453. Junior synonym of rufa: Creighton, 1950a: 231; of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
 * laevissima. Myrmica laevissima Smith, F. 1860b: 108 (w.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Junior synonym of geminata: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 463.
 * drewseni. Diplorhoptrum drewseni Mayr, 1861: 73 (diagnosis in key) (w.) ITALY. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1870b: 996; Mayr, 1886d: 460.
 * glaber. Myrmica glaber Smith, F. 1862b: 34 (w.) PANAMA. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886c: 362; Trager, 1991: 163.
 * polita. Myrmica polita Smith, F. 1862b: 34 (w.) PANAMA. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of Myrmica polita Smith, F. 1860b: 108 (now in Pheidologeton).] Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1863: 453; Mayr, 1886c: 362.
 * coloradensis. Atta coloradensis Buckley, 1867: 346 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Mayr, 1886c: 365.
 * lincecumii. Atta lincecumii Buckley, 1867: 344 (s.w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1895c: 276.
 * saxicola. Myrmica (Monomorium) saxicola Buckley, 1867: 341 (w.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of geminata: Emery, 1895c: 276.
 * diabola. Solenopsis geminata var. diabola Wheeler, W.M. 1908e: 424 (w.q.m.) U.S.A. Junior synonym of rufa: Creighton, 1930b: 66.
 * nigra. Solenopsis geminata var. nigra Forel, 1908b: 45 (w.) COSTA RICA. Junior synonym of geminata: Creighton, 1930b: 59.
 * eduardi. Solenopsis eduardi Forel, 1912g: 12 (w.) COLOMBIA. Subspecies of geminata and senior synonym of perversa: Creighton, 1930b: 67. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
 * innota. Solenopsis geminata var. innota Santschi, 1915c: 257, fig. 6 (s.w.q.m.) GABON. Junior synonym of geminata: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 877.
 * medusa. Solenopsis geminata subsp. medusa Mann, 1916: 447, pl. 4, fig. 31 (w.) BRAZIL. Creighton, 1930b: 69 (q.). Senior synonym of bahiaensis: Creighton, 1930b: 68. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
 * galapageia. Solenopsis geminata var. galapageia Wheeler, W.M. 1919c: 272 (w.q.) ECUADOR (Galapagos Is). Subspecies of geminata: Creighton, 1930b: 65. Junior synonym of geminata: Trager, 1991: 163.
 * bahiaensis. Solenopsis edouardi var. bahiaensis Santschi, 1925d: 237 (w.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of medusa: Creighton, 1930b: 68.
 * perversa. Solenopsis edouardi var. perversa Santschi, 1925b: 13 (s.w.q.) BRAZIL. Junior synonym of eduardi: Creighton, 1930b: 67.