Stictoponera coxalis

Identification
Lattke (2004) - Clypeal lamella projecting anterad as broad triangular lobe; occipital lobes poorly developed. Pronotal dorsum punctate, with rough transverse strigae that arch anterad, becoming longitudinal on posterior pronotum and mesonotum; propodeum unarmed and transversely strigose.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Indo-Australian Region: Borneo, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore. Oriental Region: India, Myanmar, Nicobar Island, Sri Lanka , Thailand, Vietnam. Palaearctic Region: China.

Nomenclature

 * . Ponera coxalis Roger, 1860: 308.
 * Replacement name for Ponera rugosa Smith, F. 1857a: 66. [Junior primary homonym of Ponera rugosa Le Guillou, 1842: 318.]
 * Combination in Ectatomma (Rhytidoponera): Mayr, 1862: 732;
 * combination in Ectatomma: Emery, 1887b: 444;
 * combination in E. (Stictoponera): Mayr, 1887: 539;
 * combination in Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 228;
 * combination in Stictoponera: Emery, 1900d: 662; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * Status as species: Mayr, 1862: 732; Mayr, 1863: 410; Roger, 1863b: 17; Mayr, 1867a: 89 (redescription); Mayr, 1872: 150; Emery, 1887b: 444; Emery, 1889b: 494 (footnote, in key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 24; Forel, 1899d: 316; Bingham, 1903: 84; Emery, 1911d: 48; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 51; Karavaiev, 1925a: 79; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 59; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 29; Brown, 1954h: 9; Brown, 1958g: 228, 300; Baltazar, 1966: 235; Bolton, 1995b: 209; Lattke, 2004: 103 (redescription); Mohanraj, et al. 2010: 6; Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 35; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 23; Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; ; Dias, R.K.S. et al. 2020: 28; Khachonpisitsak, et al. 2020: 38; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * Senior synonym of costatum: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * Senior synonym of parva: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * Senior synonym of pinealis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * Senior synonym of simalurensis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * Senior synonym of unicolor: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * Senior synonym of wallacei: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * Distribution: Brunei, China, India (+ Andaman Is, Nicobar Is), Indonesia (Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Malaysia (Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
 * costatum. Ectatomma (Stictoponera) costatum Emery, 1889b: 494 (w.) MYANMAR.
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: Myanmar (“Burma”): Tenasserim, Thagata (L. Fea).
 * Type-depository: MSNG.
 * Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 44 (l.); Lattke, 2004: 100 (q.m.).
 * Combination in Stictoponera: Emery, 1900d: 662;
 * combination in Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 227.
 * Status as species: Emery, 1889b: 494 (footnote, in key); Dalla Torre, 1893: 24; Emery, 1895k: 458; Forel, 1899d: 316; Emery, 1900d: 662; Forel, 1901f: 335; Emery, 1911d: 48; Forel, 1912d: 98; Forel, 1912n: 52; Crawley, 1924: 383; Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 31; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 29; Brown, 1954h: 7; Brown, 1958g: 227; Baltazar, 1966: 235; Radchenko, 1993a: 78; Bolton, 1995b: 208; Lattke, 2004: 97 (redescription); Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 35; Liu, C., Guénard, et al. 2015: 38.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * parva. Stictoponera rugosa r. parva Forel, 1913k: 6 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumatra).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: Indonesia: Sumatra, Lau-Boentoe, 1912 (von Buttel-Reepen).
 * Type-depository: MHNG.
 * Subspecies of rugosa: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 30.
 * Junior synonym of costatum: Brown, 1954h: 7; Lattke, 2004: 98.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * pinealis. Stictoponera costata var. pinealis Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 31 (q.) WEST MALAYSIA (Penang I.).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: Malaysia: Penang I. (F. Silvestri).
 * Type-depository: MCZC.
 * Subspecies of costatum: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 29.
 * Junior synonym of costatum: Brown, 1954h: 7; Lattke, 2004: 98.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * rugosa. Ponera rugosa Smith, F. 1857a: 66 (q.) BORNEO (East Malaysia: Sarawak).
 * Type-material: holotype queen.
 * Type-locality: Malaysia (“Borneo”): Sararwak, “SAR. 20” (A.R. Wallace).
 * Type-depository: OXUM.
 * [Junior primary homonym of Ponera rugosa Le Guillou, 1842: 318.]
 * Combination in Stictoponera: Emery, 1911d: 48.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 88; Smith, F. 1861b: 44; Emery, 1911d: 48; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 51; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 30.
 * Replacement name: Ponera coxalis Roger, 1860: 308.
 * simalurensis. Stictoponera costata st. simalurensis Forel, 1915a: 23 (w.) INDONESIA (Sumatra: Simalur I.).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: Indonesia: Sumatra, Simalur I. (E. Jacobson).
 * Type-depository: MHNG.
 * Subspecies of costatum: Chapman & Capco, 1951: 29.
 * Junior synonym of costatum: Brown, 1954h: 7; Lattke, 2004: 98.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * unicolor. Stictoponera costata var. unicolor Forel, 1901f: 335 (w.m.) BORNEO (East Malaysia: Sarawak).
 * Type-material: syntype worker(s), syntype males(s) (numbers not stated).
 * Type-locality: Malaysia: Sarawak (Haviland).
 * Type-depository: MHNG.
 * Subspecies of costatum: Emery, 1911d: 48; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 51; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 29.
 * Junior synonym of costatum: Brown, 1954h: 7; Lattke, 2004: 98.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 12.
 * wallacei. Stictoponera wallacei Donisthorpe, 1932c: 447.
 * Unnecessary (second) replacement name for Ponera rugosa Smith, F. 1857a: 66; hence automatic junior synonym of coxalis Roger, 1860: 308 (first replacement name).
 * Junior synonym of costatum: Brown, 1954h: 7; Lattke, 2004: 98.
 * Junior synonym of coxalis: Lattke & Delsinne, 2016: 144.

Type Material
Lattke (2004) - Lectotype worker: Ceylon [Sri Lanka] (Nietner) [Not examined]. Designated by Brown, 1954b:9.

Lattke (2004) - Holotype worker by monotypy: Burma [Myanmar], Tenasserim (Fea) (MCSN) [Examined].

Stictoponera costata var. unicolor Forel, 1901b:335. Syntype workers, queen: Borneo (MHNG) [Not examined]. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Stictoponera rugosa var. parva Forel, 1913:6. Holotype worker by monotypy: Sumatra (MHNG) [Not examined]. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Stictoponera costata var. simalurensis Forel, 1915:23. Holotype worker by monotypy: Sumatra (MHNG) [Not examined]. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Stictoponera costata var. pinealis Wheeler, W.M. 1929:31. Holotype queen by monotypy: Malaysia, Penang (Silvestri) (MCZC) [Examined]. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Stictoponera wallacei Donisthorpe, 1932:447. Replacement name for Ponera rugosa Smith, F. 1857:66. Synonymy by Brown, 1954b:7.

Ponera rugosa

Holotype dealate queen in. Labelled “SAR. 20,” and “rugosa Sm.” There is also a Donisthorpe type-label and one that states “Stictoponera wallacei Donisthorpe,” his replacement name for the preoccupied P. rugosa F. Smith.

There is a specimen in that is incorrectly labelled as type of rugosa; it is actually a worker of Gnamptogenys menadensis (Mayr).

Worker

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from Lattke (2004)

Head with concave posterior margin in frontal view, relatively straight posterolateral margins, and convex oculomalar margin; clypeal lamella projecting anterad as broadly triangular median lobe; frons longitudinally strigulose, strigulae diverging posterad and arching over eyes; mandibular dorsum strigose. Scape mostly smooth and shining with sparse punctae; occipital lobe poorly developed, occipital lamella dorsally convex, ventrally angular. Pronotal dorsum with punctae over rough transverse strigae that arch anterad, becoming longitudinal on posterior pronotum and mesonotum, humeral angle well developed; promesonotal suture and metanotal groove lacking; mesopleuron foveolate, mesopleural suture not distinctly impressed, katepisternum with rugosity; metapleuron with foveolae, mostly smooth and shining anterodorsally, becoming longitudinally strigose posteroventrally; propodeum unarmed, transversely strigose. Petiole dorsally irregularly foveolate; foveolae becoming more regular laterally; subpetiolar process projects anterad as a triangular lobe in lateral view; postpetiolar tergite with longitudinal strigulae enclosing elongate depressions, sternum strigulose, with longitudinal costulae extending posterad from anterior process; tergite of fourth abdominal segment longitudinally strigulose. Fore coxae laterally with transverse strigulae; fore tarsal base opposite strigil with uniform comb of spines; metacoxal teeth usually straight, sometimes slightly curved. Dorsum of thorax and abdominal segments 1-4 with scattered erect to subdecumbent hairs. Body mostly ferruginous brown, gaster usually darker; head, mesosoma, and gaster with abundant fine inclined hairs.

Metrics (n = 2): HL 1.52, 1.58; HW 1.36, 1.29; ML 0.83, 0.74; SL 1.37, 1.33; ED 0.27, 0.25; WL 2.25, 2.08 mm. CI 0.90, 0.82; SI 1.01, 1.03; MI 0.67, 0.57.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Alcantara M. J., S. Modi, T. C. Ling, J. Monkai, H. Xu, S. Huang, and A. Nakamura. 2019. Differences in geographic distribution of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) between forests and rubber plantations: a case study in Xishuangbanna, China, and a global meta-analysis. Myrmecological News 29: 135-145.
 * Brown W. L., Jr. 1954. A review of the coxalis group of the ant genus Stictoponera Mayr. Breviora 34: 1-10.
 * Brown W. L., Jr. 1958. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 118: 173-362.
 * Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
 * Chapman, J.W. and S.R. Capco. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monographs of the Institute of Science and Technology (Manila) 1: 1- 327
 * Crawley W.C. 1924. Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)13: 380-409
 * Eguchi K., B. T. Viet, and S. Yamane. 2014. Generic Synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part IICerapachyinae, Aenictinae, Dorylinae, Leptanillinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Ectatomminae and Proceratiinae. Zootaxa 3860: 001-046.
 * Emery C. 1887. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine). [concl.]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 25(5): 427-473.
 * Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
 * Emery C. Formiche raccolte da Elio Modigliani in Sumatra, Engano e Mentawei. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 40: 661-722.
 * Emery, C.. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine)." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 5, no. 25 (1887): 427-473.
 * Emery, C.. "Formiche raccolte da Elio Modigliani in Sumatra, Engano e Mentawei." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 20, no. 40 (1900): 661-722.
 * Forel A. 1901. Nouvelles espèces de Ponerinae. (Avec un nouveau sous-genre et une espèce nouvelle d'Eciton). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 9: 325-353.
 * Forel A. 1912. Ameisen aus Java beobachtet und gesammelt von Edward Jacobson. III. Theil. Notes Leyden Mus. 34: 97-112
 * Forel A. 1912. Einige neue und interessante Ameisenformen aus Sumatra etc. Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. 15: 51-78.
 * [[Media:Forel 1913l.pdf|Forel A. 1913k. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise nach Ostindien ausgeführt im Auftrage der Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von H. v. Buttel-Reepen. II. Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. v. Buttel-Reepen in den Jahren 1911-1912. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 36:1-148.]]
 * Forel A. 1915. Fauna Simalurensis. Hymenoptera Aculeata, Fam. Formicidae. Tijdschr. Entomol. 58: 22-43.
 * Hashimoto Y., Y. Morimoto, and M. Mohamed. 2003. Species List of Ground and Leaf Litter Ants Collected in Lower Kinabatangan. Pp 13-18. In Lower Kinabatangan Scientific Expedition 2002, 176 pp. ISBN-13: 983-2369-11-8
 * Jaitrong W.; Nabhitabhata, J. 2005. A list of known ant species of Thailand. The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal 1(1): 9-54.
 * Karavaiev V. 1926. Ameisen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. Treubia 8: 413-445.
 * Karavaiev, V. 1925. Ponerinen (Fam. Formicidae) aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet. Konowia 4:69-81.
 * Kishimoto-Yamata K., F. Hyodo, M. Matsuoka, Y. Hashimoto, M. Kon, T. Ochi, S. Yamane, R. Ishii, and T. Itioka. 2012. Effects of remnant primary forests on ant and dung beetle species diversity in a secondary forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. Journal of Insect Conservation DOI 10.1007/s10841-012-9544-6
 * Lattke J. E. 2004. A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the ant genus Gnamptogenys Roger in Southeast Asia and Australasia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). University of California Publications in Entomology 122: 1-266.
 * Lattke, J.E. 2004. A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the ant Gnamptogenys Roger in Southeast Asia and Australasia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). University of California Publications in Entomology 122: 1-266
 * Liu C, B. Guénard, F Hita Garcia, S. Yamane, B. Blanchard, and E. Economo. New records of ant species from Yunnan, China. Submitted to Zookeys
 * Mohanraj P., M. Ali, and K. Veerakumari. 2010. Formicidae of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Indian Ocean: Bay of Bengal). Journal of Insect Science 10: Article 172
 * Mohanraj, P., M. Ali and K. Veenakumari. 2010. Formicidae of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Indian Ocean: Bay Of Bengal). Journal of Insect Science 10:172.
 * Musthak Ali T. M. 1991. Ant Fauna of Karnataka-1. Newsletter of IUSSI Indian Chapter 5(1-2): 1-8.
 * Pfeiffer M.; Mezger, D.; Hosoishi, S.; Bakhtiar, E. Y.; Kohout, R. J. 2011. The Formicidae of Borneo (Insecta: Hymenoptera): a preliminary species list. Asian Myrmecology 4:9-58
 * Radchenko A. G. 1993. Ants from Vietnam in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, PAS, Warsaw. I. Pseudomyrmicinae, Dorylinae, Ponerinae. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 44: 75-82.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1919. The ants of Borneo. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63:43-147.
 * Wheeler W. M., and J. W. Chapman. 1925. The ants of the Philippine Islands. Part I, Dorylinae and Ponerinae. Philipp. J. Sci. 28: 47-73.
 * Woodcock P., D. P. Edwards, R. J. Newton, C. Vun Khen, S. H. Bottrell, and K. C. Hamer. 2013. Impacts of Intensive Logging on the Trophic Organisation of Ant Communities in a Biodiversity Hotspot. PLoS ONE 8(4): e60756. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060756
 * Woodcock P., D. P. Edwards, T. M. Fayle, R. J. Newton, C. Vun Khen, S. H. Bottrell, and K. C. Hamer. 2011. The conservation value of South East Asia's highly degraded forests: evidence from leaf-litter ants. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 366: 3256-3264.
 * Yamane S.; Nona, A. R. 1994. Ants from Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak. Pp. 222-226 in: Inoue, T.; Hamid, A. A. (eds.) 1994. Plant reproductive systems and animal seasonal dynamics. Long-term study of dipterocarp forests in Sarawak. Kyoto: Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, vii + 255 pp.
 * Zryanin V. A. 2011. An eco-faunistic review of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In: Structure and functions of soil communities of a monsoon tropical forest (Cat Tien National Park, southern Vietnam) / A.V. Tiunov (Editor). – M.: KMK Scientific Press. 2011. 277 р.101-124.