Messor barbarus

The harvester ant, Messor barbarus, causes 46–100% of the seed losses in arable fields in northeastern Spain (Westerman et al. 2012). In irrigated fields in Valencia, M. barbarus represents the majority of the ant population (Urbaneja et al. 2006).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Algeria, Balearic Islands, Bulgaria, Egypt, France, Gibraltar, Iberian Peninsula, Monaco, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Tunisia.

Biology
A 2013 study of 55 citrus orchards in eastern Spain (Atanackovic et al., 2015) found: Messor barbarus was the only granivorous species present, with nests found on the field edges and between the tree rows in the field. No nests were observed under the trees, which is most likely related to the lack of insulation. The nests were large in size (quantified by having several nest entrances and a high number of workers), while small colonies were detected in only a few fields. The number of nests was approximated to be zero-to-five nests per field, based on observations from the diagonal transect, as well as between the rows. Seed predation was observed in almost all the fields with M. barbarus. The harvester ants mostly removed Lolium rigidum and Solanum spp. seeds, although in one orchard, Conyza spp. seeds were observed surrounding the nest entrances."

M. barbarus were the main ant species that were observed in the fields, as confirmed by previous studies in this area (Monzó et al. 2013). They are present in citrus orchards during most of the year, except in the winter months of November to April (Urbaneja et al. 2006). Messor barbarus never climbs on trees, but forages on the soil surface; therefore, it is a species that does not damage citrus fruits (Platner et al. 2012). In the surveyed fields, ant nests were located both in the field and on the borders. This differed from the drip-irrigated citrus orchards in Valencia, where the ants were settled only along the edge (Monzó et al. 2013). Cerdà et al. (2009) did not find differences in the nest numbers between the margins and the inner part of the citrus orchards.

Gonçalves et al (2017) found this to be one of the most common ants in the Iberian vineyards they sampled (pitfall trapping).

Predators
Pekár et al. (2018) - This ant is preyed upon by numerous spider species in the genus Zodarion (Araneae: Zodariidae). All members of this genus are specialized ant predators that exclusively prey on ants.

Nomenclature

 * . Formica barbara Linnaeus, 1767: 962 (w.) (no state data, “Habitat in Barbaria”).
 * Type-material: holotype (?) worker.
 * [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
 * Type-locality: “Barbaria” (= North African coast from Morocco to Libya).
 * Type-depository: ZMLS.
 * [Note: there is one Linnaean specimen in LSLC (Day & Fitton, 1979: 196), type-status unknown.]
 * Mayr, 1861: 67 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 65 (l.).
 * Combination in Myrmica: Lucas, H. 1849: 300;
 * combination in Atta: Smith, F. 1858b: 162; Roger, 1859: 253;
 * combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29;
 * combination in A. (Messor): Forel, 1890a: lxviii; Emery, 1891b: 9; Ruzsky, 1905b: 741;
 * combination in Stenamma (Messor): Emery, 1895a: 178; Emery, 1898c: 125;
 * combination in Messor: Forel, 1894d: 8; Ruzsky, 1903b: 315; Bingham, 1903: 278; Emery, 1908e: 442.
 * Status as species: Fabricius, 1775: 393; Fabricius, 1782: 491; Fabricius, 1787: 308; Gmelin, 1790: 2797; Christ, 1791: 514; Olivier, 1792: 495; Fabricius, 1793: 356; Latreille, 1802c: 262; Fabricius, 1804: 403; Lucas, H. 1849: 300; Smith, F. 1858b: 162; Roger, 1859: 253; Mayr, 1861: 66 (in key); Smith, F. 1861a: 35; Roger, 1863b: 29; Mayr, 1863: 395; Emery, 1869b: 17; Dours, 1873: 167; André, 1874: 195 (in key); Radoszkowsky, 1876: 141; Mayr, 1877: 13; Emery, 1877b: 373; Emery, 1878a: x (in list); Emery, 1878b: 56; Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Mayr, 1880: 33; Emery, 1880: 392; Emery, 1881a: 270; Emery, 1881b: 534; André, 1881b: 74; Emery, 1882: 451; Costa, 1883: 60; André, 1883b: 354 (in key); André, 1884b: 541; Emery, 1884a: 382; Forel, 1886e: clxviii; Forel, 1889: 257; Nasonov, 1889: 37; Forel, 1890a: lxviii; Saunders, E. 1890: 204; Emery, 1891b: 9; Forel, 1892e: 352; Forel, 1892i: 316; Emery, 1892a: 112; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Medina, 1893: 105; Forel, 1894d: 31; Forel, 1895d: 227, 233; Ruzsky, 1896: 74; Emery, 1899a: 500; Forel, 1902a: 148; Ruzsky, 1902d: 28; Mayr, 1904b: 5; Forel, 1904b: 373; Forel, 1904c: 5; Forel, 1905b: 176; Ruzsky, 1905b: 741; Mayr, 1907b: 14; Forel, 1907e: 15; Emery, 1908e: 442 (redescription); Forel, 1909c: 104; Bondroit, 1910: 495; Karavaiev, 1910b: 62; Karavaiev, 1911: 3; Karavaiev, 1912a: 5; Emery, 1912f: 97; Emery, 1916b: 141; Stitz, 1917: 342; Bondroit, 1918: 152; Santschi, 1919e: 244; Arnold, 1920a: 405; Emery, 1921f: 69; Menozzi, 1922b: 326; Müller, 1923b: 63; Emery, 1924c: 164; Santschi, 1925g: 341; Wheeler, W.M. 1926: 3; Donisthorpe, 1926a: 6; Karavaiev, 1926b: 99; Karavaiev, 1927a: 287; Menozzi, 1927b: 90; Menozzi, 1928a: 127; Santschi, 1929e: 141; Finzi, 1929: 78; Finzi, 1930b: 15; Santschi, 1931a: 4; Santschi, 1932c: 69; Santschi, 1932g: 3; Grandi, 1935: 100; Santschi, 1936c: 200; Finzi, 1939c: 154; Santschi, 1939c: 2; Menozzi, 1940: 267; Finzi, 1940: 158; Weber, 1943c: 303; Bernard, 1945: 132; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1059; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 136; Ceballos, 1956: 300; Bernard, 1959: 346; Cagniant, 1964: 87; Bernard, 1967: 146 (redescription); Cagniant, 1968a: 143; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 62; Cagniant, 1970a: 416; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 57; Baroni Urbani, 1976: 210; Collingwood, 1978: 81 (in key); Bernard, 1980: 266; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 271 (in key); De Haro & Collingwood, 1994: 99; Bolton, 1995b: 252; Mei, 1995: 761; Poldi, et al. 1995: 3; Espadaler, 1997b: 30; Cagniant & Espadaler, 1998: 424; Tiwari, 1999: 38; Markó & Csösz, 2002: 116; Cagniant, 2006a: 197; Petrov, 2006: 93 (in key); Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 488; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 14; Borowiec, L. 2014: 102 (see note in bibliography); Lebas, et al. 2016: 290; Barech, et al. 2020: 18.
 * Senior synonym of binodis: Smith, F. 1858b: 162; Mayr, 1861: 66 (in key); Smith, F. 1861a: 35; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; André, 1874: 203 (in list); Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Ruzsky, 1905b: 741; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
 * Senior synonym of juvenilis: Smith, F. 1858b: 162; Mayr, 1861: 66 (in key); Smith, F. 1861a: 35; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; André, 1874: 203 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
 * Senior synonym of megacephala Leach: Roger, 1859: 253; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
 * Senior synonym of nigriceps Santschi, 1925g: Collingwood, 1978: 68; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
 * Senior synonym of rufitarsis Foerster: Mayr, 1861: 66 (in key); Roger, 1863b: 29; Mayr, 1863: 395; Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
 * Distribution: Algeria, Egypt, France, Gibraltar, Italy (+ Sicily), Libya, Morocco, Portugal, Spain (+ Balearics), Tunisia.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus gallaoides, politus, sahlbergi.
 * binodis. Formica binodis Fabricius, 1775: 393 (w.) EGYPT.
 * Type-material: 2 syntype workers.
 * Type-locality: Egypt: (no further data) (Forskål).
 * Type-depository: ZMUK.
 * [Note: Fabricius, 1775: 393, refers to this as Forskål material. It may therefore be the same as Formica binodis Forskål, 1775: xxiii. According to Horn & Kahle, 1935: 79, Forskål material is in ZMUC.]
 * [Unresolved junior primary homonym of Formica binodis Linnaeus, 1763: 413 (Bolton, 1995b: 252).]
 * Combination in Atta: Latreille, 1809: 130;
 * combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29.
 * Status as species: Forskål, 1775: xxiii; Fabricius, 1782: 491; Fabricius, 1787: 309; Gmelin, 1790: 2798; Christ, 1791: 506; Olivier, 1792: 496; Fabricius, 1793: 357; Latreille, 1802c: 285; Fabricius, 1804: 405.
 * Subspecies of barbarus: Emery & Forel, 1879: 461.
 * Junior synonym of barbarus: Smith, F. 1858b: 162; Mayr, 1861: 66 (in key); Smith, F. 1861a: 35; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; André, 1874: 203 (in list); Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Ruzsky, 1905b: 741; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 252.
 * juvenilis. Formica juvenilis Fabricius, 1804: 405 (w.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: holotype (?) worker.
 * [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
 * Type-locality: France: “Habitat in Gallia” (no further data).
 * Type-depository: no type-material known to exist (Zimsen, 1964: 425).
 * Combination in Atta: Latreille, 1809: 130;
 * combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29.
 * Junior synonym of capitatus: Mayr, 1855: 462.
 * Junior synonym of barbarus: Smith, F. 1858b: 162; Mayr, 1861: 66 (in key); Smith, F. 1861a: 35; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; André, 1874: 203 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 254.
 * megacephala. Formica megacephala Leach, 1825: 292 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: syntype worker(s), syntype queen(s), syntype male(s) (numbers not stated).
 * Type-locality: France: Nice (W.E. Leach).
 * Type-depository: unknown (in BMNH, according to Horn & Kahle, 1935: 151).
 * [Unresolved junior primary homonym of Formica megacephala Fabricius, 1793: 361 (Emery, 1921a: 26, Bolton, 1995b: 255).]
 * Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29.
 * Junior synonym of barbarus: Roger, 1859: 253; Mayr, 1863: 395; Roger, 1863b: 29; Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 255.
 * nigriceps. Messor barbarus var. nigriceps Santschi, 1925g: 341 (w.q.) SPAIN.
 * Type-material: syntype worker(s), syntype queen(s) (numbers not stated).
 * Type-locality: Spain: Cáceres (Dusmet).
 * Type-depository: NHMB.
 * Subspecies of barbarus: Ceballos, 1956: 301.
 * Junior synonym of barbarus: Collingwood, 1978: 68; Bolton, 1995b: 255.
 * nigriceps. Messor semirufus var. nigriceps Santschi, 1929e: 144 (w.) ISRAEL.
 * Type-material: holotype (?) worker.
 * [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
 * Type-locality: Israel: Jerusalem (no collector’s name).
 * Type-depository: BMNH.
 * [Junior primary homonym of Messor barbarus var. nigriceps Santschi, 1925g: 341.]
 * Replacement name: Messor semirufus var. nigricans Santschi, 1932f: 517.
 * rufitarsis. Myrmica rufitarsis Foerster, 1850b: 485 (w.) ALGERIA.
 * Type-material: holotype (?) worker.
 * [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
 * Type-locality: Algeria: Algiers (no collector’s name).
 * Type-depository: MNHU (Horn & Kahle, 1935: 78).
 * [Note: perhaps type-material is also in MNHN as Foerster (p, 486) thanks “Leon Fairmaire in Paris” for the specimens.]
 * [Unresolved junior secondary homonym of Formica rufitarsis Fabricius, 1804: 406 (Bolton, 1995b: 256).]
 * Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29.
 * Junior synonym of barbarus: Mayr, 1861: 66 (in key); Roger, 1863b: 29; Mayr, 1863: 395; Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Emery, 1891b: 12; Dalla Torre, 1893: 99; Emery, 1921f: 69; Bolton, 1995b: 256.
 * Status as species: Nezhad, et al. 2012: 68 (error).
 * [Note: Nezhad, et al. 2012, perhaps confuse rufitarsis Foerster with rufitarsis Fabricius; or more probably a misidentification.]
 * rugosa. Messor lobicornis var. rugosa Karavaiev, 1912a: 10 (w.) ALGERIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Algeria: Laverdure, iii.-v.1911 (W. Karawajew).
 * Type-depository: SIZK.
 * [Junior secondary homonym of Aphaenogaster barbara rugosa André, 1881b: 75.]
 * Subspecies of lobicornis: Emery, 1921f: 74; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 19 (error).
 * Replacement name: Messor lobicornis var. rugulosus Santschi, 1926e: 234.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Abril S., C. Gómez. 2012. Lista actualizada de las especies de hormigas de Menorca (Islas Baleares, España) y primera cita de Monomorium andrei Saunders, 1890 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) de la isla Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 50: 403-407.
 * Abril S., and C. Gomez. 2013. Rapid assessment of ant assemblages in public pine forests of the central Iberian Peninsula. Forest Ecology and Management 293: 7984.
 * Acosta, F. J., J. Martín, and M. Álvarez. "Estudio experimental del polietismo en hormigas a partir del desgaste dentario. I. Cualitativo." Graellsia XXXIX (1983): 143-155.
 * Andoni V. 1977. Kontribut mbi Himenopteret e familjes Formicidae te vendit tone. Buletini I Shkencave te Natyres 31(2): 93-101.
 * André, E.. "Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Les fourmis." in: André, Edm. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp. Tomo II (1881): 1016.
 * AntArea. Accessed on February 5th 2014 at http://antarea.fr/fourmi/
 * Antarea (Personal Communication - Rumsais Blatrix- 27 April 2018)
 * Antarea (at www.antarea.fr on June 11th 2017)
 * Arnaldos M. I., E. Romera, J. J. Presa, A. Luna, and M. D. Garcia. 2004. Studies on seasonal arthropod succession on carrion in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Int. J. Legal Med. 118: 197-205.
 * Arnan, X., A. Rodrigo and J. Retana. 2006. Post-fire recovery of Mediterranean ground ant communities follows vegetation and dryness gradients. Journal of Biogeography 33(7):1246-1258
 * Arnan, X., J. Retana, A. Rodrigo and X. Cerda. 2010. Foraging behaviour of harvesting ants determines seed removal and dispersal. Insectes Sociaux 54:421-430
 * Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2011. List of species collected during the Taxomara Lisboa 2010. Iberomyrmex 3: 32-33.
 * Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2011. List of species collected during the Taxomara Lisboa 2011. Iberomyrmex 3: 30-31.
 * Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2012. List of species collected during the Taxomara Tres Cantos 2012. Iberomyrmex 4: 17-18.
 * Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2013. List of species collected during the Taxomara 2013. Iberomyrmex 4: 35-36.
 * Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2015. List of species collected during the Taxomara Lisboa 2015 Iberomyrmex 7: 44-45.
 * Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2016. List of species collected during the Taxomara Murcia 2016. Iberomyrmex 8: 48-49.
 * Azcarate F. M., and B. Peco. 2012. Abandonment of grazing in a mediterranean grassland area: consequences for ant assemblages. Insect Conservation and Diversity 5: 279288.
 * Azcarate, F.M. and B. Peco. 2003. Effects of seed predation by ants on Mediterranean grassland related to seed size. Journal of Vegetation Science, 17(3):353-360.
 * Azcarate, F.M. and B. Peco. 2003. Spatial patterns of seed predation by harvester ants (Messor Forel) in Mediterranean grassland and scrubland. Insectes Sociaux 50:120-126
 * Azcarate, F.M. and B. Peco. 2007. Harvester ants (Messor barbarus) as disturbance agents in Mediterranean grasslands. Journal of Vegetation Science 18(1):103-110.
 * Azcarate, F.M., L. Arqueros, A.M. Sanchez and B. Peco. 2005. Seed and Fruit Selection by Harvester Ants, Messor barbarus, in Mediterranean Grassland and Scrubland. Functional Ecology 19(2):273-283
 * Baraibar, B., P.R. Westerman, E. Carrion and J. Recasens. 2009. Effects of tillage and irrigation in cereal fields on weed seed removal by seed predators. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:380-387
 * Barech G., M. Khaldi, and X. Espadaler. 2017. First report of Lioponera longitarsus Mayr, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Algeria: an exotic or a rare native ant species from North Africa? African Entomology 25(2): 428–434.
 * Baroni Urbani C. 1976. Le formiche dell'arcipelago della Galita (Tunisia). Redia 59: 207-223.
 * Barrett K. E. J. 1970. Ants in France, 1968-69. Entomologist 103: 270-274.
 * Bernard F. 1955. Morphologie et comportement des fourmis lestobiotiques du genre Epixenus Emery. Insectes Soc. 2: 273-283.
 * Bernard F. 1958. Les fourmis des iles Pelagie, comparaison avec d'autres faunes insulaires. Esttrato dalla Rivista di Biologia Coloniale XVI: 67-79.
 * Bernard F. 1959. Les fourmis de l'île de Port-Cros. Contribution à l'écologie des anciennes forêts méditerranéennes. Vie Milieu 9: 340-360.
 * Bernard F. 1967. Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. 3. Les fourmis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Paris: Masson, 411 pp.
 * Bernard F. 1970. Les fourmis de la forêt de Mâmora (Maroc). Revue d'Écologie et de Biologie du Sol 6:n483-513.
 * Bernard, F.. "Messor carthaginensis n. sp., de Tunis, et révision des Messor du groupe barbara (Hym. Formicidae)." Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 84 (1980): 265-269.
 * Berville L., C. Santelli, J. Reybaud, M. Renucci, P. Ponel, O. Blight, and E. Provost. 2014. Suivi d’un site atelier dans le golfe de Fos: Une diversite myrmecologique insoupconne. Etudes Vauclusiennes 82: 71-78.
 * Berville L., M. Renucci, P. Vidal, and E. Provost. 2016. Peuplement myrmecologique et evaluation de l'invasion de Linepithema humile sur les iles de Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhone, France). Revue d'Ecologie (Terre et Vie) 71(3): 278-287.
 * Berville L., M. Renucci, and E. Provost. 2012. Mise en place de protocoles de contrôle de la fourmi dArgentine (Linepithema humile) sur les îles de Port-Cros et de Porquerolles (Var, France). Sci. Rep. Port-Cros natl. Park, 26: 91-108.
 * Bharti H. 2001. Check list of ants from north-west India I. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology 21(2): 163-167.
 * Bharti H. 2003.Ants and forensic entomology. ANeT Newsletter 6: 18-20.
 * Bonaric J. C. 1971. Contribution a l'etude systematique et ecologique des formicides du Bas-Languedoc. PhD thesis Universite des sciences et techniques du Languedoc, 175 pages.
 * Bonaric J. C. 1971. Étude systématique et écologique des fourmis de lHérault. Ann. Soc. Hortic. Hist. Nat. Hérault 111: 81-87.
 * Bondroit, J.. "Les fourmis de France et de Belgique." Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 87 (1918): 1-174.
 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2017. New records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from southern Portugal. Acta Entomologica Silesiana 25(3): 1-10.
 * Cagniant, H. 1968. Liste preliminaire de fourmis forestieres d'Algerie. Resultats obtenus de 1963 a 1964. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 104: 138-147
 * Cagniant, H.. "Deuxième liste de fourmis d'Algérie récoltées principalement en forêt. (1re partie)." Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 105 (1970): 405-430.
 * Cagniant, H.. "La myrmécofaune de Playa Bella." www.akolab.com (2006).
 * Cagniant, H.. "Liste préliminaire de fourmis forestières d'Algérie. Résultats obtenus de 1963 à 1966." Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 104 (1968): 138-147.
 * Cagniant, H.. "Étude de quelques fourmis marocaines. Statistique provisoire des Formicidae du Maroc." Bulletin de la Société d' Histoire naturelle de l' Afrique du Nord 53 (1964): 83-118.
 * Cagniant, H.. Les peuplements de fourmis des forêts algériennes: écologie, biocénotique, essai biologique. Universite de Toulouse, 1973.
 * Carpintero S., J. Reyes-Lopes, and G. M. Luque. 2011. Ant community structure under Retama sphaerocarpa shrubs in a semi-arid environment. Entomological Science 14: 147153.
 * Carpintero, S., A. Tinaut, J. Reyes, and L. Arias. "Estudio faunístico de los formícidos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Parque Nacional de Doñana." Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología 25 (1-2) (2001): 133-152.
 * Casevitz-Weulersse J., and C. Galkowski. 2009. Liste actualisee des Fourmis de France (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bull. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 114: 475-510.
 * Castillo-Miralbes M. 2001. Artropodos presentes en carrona de cerdos en la comarca de la litera (Huesca). Bol. S.E.A. 28: 133-140.
 * Catarineu C., G. G. Barbera, and J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2017. A new ant species, Temnothorax ansei sp. N. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the arid environments of South-eastern Spain. Sociobiology 64(2): 138-145.
 * Cerda X., R. Palacios, and J. Retana. 2009. Ant community structure in Citrus orchards in the Mediterranean basin: impoverishment as a consequence of habitat homogeneity. Environ. Entomol. 38(2): 317-324.
 * Collingwood C., and A. Prince. 1998. A guide to ants of continental Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia. Suplemento 5: 1-49.
 * Collingwood, C. A., and I. H. H. Yarrow. "A survey of Iberian Formicidae." EOS (Revista española de entomología) 44 (1969): 53-101.
 * Comín del Río, P., and Andrés de Haro. "Datos iniciales para un estudio ecológico de las hormigas de Menorca." Bolletí de la Societat d´Historia Natural de les Balears 24 (1980): 23-48.
 * Comín del Río, P.. "Los Formícidos de Menorca. Contribución al estudio taxonómico, geográfico y biológico." Tesina de licenciatura Universida (1977): 135 pp.
 * Cuní, M.. "Insectos observados en los alrededores de Barcelona." Anales de la Sociedad española de Historia Natural XVII (1888): 133.
 * Czechowski W., A. Radchenko, W. Czechowska and K. Vepsäläinen. 2012. The ants of Poland with reference to the myrmecofauna of Europe. Fauna Poloniae 4. Warsaw: Natura Optima Dux Foundation, 1-496 pp
 * De Stefani T. 1889. Miscellanea imenotterologica sicula. Nat. Sicil. 8: 140-145.
 * Della Santa E. 1995. Fourmis de Provence. Faune Provence 16: 5-37.
 * Delye G. 1983. Contribution a l'etude des peuplements des invertebres de milieux extremes: les fourmis des dunes littorales del aCamargue (B. d. Rh) et de l'Espiguette (Gard). Bull. Soc. Linneenne Provence 35: 121-124.
 * Delye, G., and J. L. Bonaric. "Fourmis du sud Marocain." Etude de certains milieux du Maroc et de leux evolution recente RCP 249 (1973).
 * Derwesh A. I. 1965. A preliminary list of identified insects and some arachnids of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture. Government Pressm Baghdad Iraq. Bulletin n 112: 128 pages.
 * Detrain, C., O. Tasse, M. Versaen and J.M. Pasteels. 2000. A field assessment of optimal foraging in ants: trail patterns and seed retrieval by the European harvester ant Messor barbarus. Insectes Sociaux 47:56-62
 * Diniz, M. A.. "Estado actual do conhecimento dos himenópteros de Portugal." Memorias e Estudos do Museu Zoologico da Universidade de Coimbra 259 (1959): 1-42.
 * Djazouli Z. E., B. Doumandji-Mitiche, and D. Petit. 2009. Spatio-temporal variations of functional groups in a Populus nigra L. entomocenosis in the Mitidja plain (Algeria). C. R. Biologies 332: 848-860.
 * Djioua O., and D. A. Sadoudi-Ali. 2014. Les peuplements de fourmis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) dans quelques milieux forestiers et agricoles de la Kabylie. Recommended by Henri Cagniant (Ant identification H. Cagniant).
 * Donisthorpe, H.. "A first instalment of the ants of Turkey." Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12)3 (1950): 1057-1067.
 * Dusmet, J. M.. "Algunos formícidos y mutílidos de España." Actas de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural Tomo XXVII (1899): 109.
 * Dusmet, J. M.. "Linneo y los himenópteros de España." Linneo en España. Homenaje a su segundo centenario Zaragoza (1907): 475.
 * Emery C. 1869. Enumerazione dei formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli con descrizioni di specie nuove o meno conosciute. Ann. Accad. Aspir. Nat. Secunda Era 2: 1-26.
 * Emery C. 1881. Spedizione italiana nell'Africa equatoriale. Risultati zoologici. Formiche. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 16: 270-276.
 * Emery C. 1897. Anhang. Verzeichniss der auf der zweiten Reise nach Kleinasien (1897) gesammelten Ameisen, mit einer Neubeschreibung. P. 239 in: Escherich, K. 1897. Zur Kenntniss der Myrmecophilen Kleinasiens. I. Coleoptera. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 16: 229-239.
 * Emery, C.. "Anhang. Verzeichniss der auf der zweiten Reise nach Kleinasien (1897) gesammelten Ameisen, mit einer Neubeschreibung." P. 239 in: Escherich, K. Zur Kenntniss der Myrmecophilen Kleinasiens. I. Coleoptera. Wien. Ento (1897): 229-239.
 * Emery, C.. "Beiträge zur Monographie der Formiciden des paläarktischen Faunengebietes. (Hym.) Teil III. Messor, Goniomma, Oxyopomyrmex." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1908 (1908): 437-465.
 * Emery, C.. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte prima. Formiche provenienti dal Viaggio dei signori Antinori, Beccari e Issel nel Mar Rosso e nel paese dei Bogos. [concl.]." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 9 (1877): 363-381.
 * Emery, C.. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte seconda. Formiche dell'Europa e delle regioni limitrofe in Africa e in Asia." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 12 (1878): 43-59.
 * Emery, C.. "Crociera del Violante, comandato dal capitano armatore Enrico d'Albertis, durante l'anno 1877. Formiche." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 15 (1880): 389-398.
 * Emery, C.. "Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie. Zoologie. - Hyménoptères. Révision critique des fourmis de la Tunisie." Explor. Scient. De la Tunisie Zoll. Hym. (Folleto) Paris. Imp (1891): iii + 21 pp.
 * Emery, C.. "Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera.-Formicidae." Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 47 (1916): 79-275.
 * Emery, C.. "Formiche di Spagna raccolte dal Prof. Filippo Silvestri." Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura, Portici 17 (1924): 164-171.
 * Emery, C.. "Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]." en Wytsman, P. "Genera Insectorum" 174B (1922): 95-206.
 * Emery, C.. "Le crociere dell'yacht "Corsaro" del capitano armatore Enrico d'Albertis. II. Formiche." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 18 (1882): 448-452.
 * Emery, C.. "Liste des fourmis de la collection de feu Camille van Volxem, avec la description d'une espèce nouvelle." Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 21 (1878): viii-x.
 * Emery, C.. "Viaggio ad Assab nel Mar Rosso dei Signori G. Doria ed O. Beccari con il R. Avviso "Esploratore" dal 16 novembre 1879 al 26 febbraio 1880. I. Formiche." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 16 (1881): 525-535.
 * Espadaler, X., and J. Reyes-López. "Dos nuevas localidades para una (¿rara?) hormiga endémica ibérica,Temnothorax blascoi (Espadaler, 1997) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 42 (2008): 449-450.
 * Espadaler, X., and L. Lopez Soria. "Rareness of certain Mediterranean ant species: fact or artifact?" Insectes Sociaux 38 (1991): 365-377.
 * Espadaler, X., and X. Roig. "Ants from the Montnegre-Corredor Natural Park with description of the male lasius cinereus Seifert." Miscellanea Zoologica 23 (2) (2001): 45-53. Abstract
 * Espadaler, X.. "Formicidos de las sierras de Cazorla, del Pozo y Segura (Jaén, España)." Ecología 11 (1997): 489-499.
 * Espadaler, X.. "Formícidos de los alrededores de la laguna de Sariñena (Huesca). Descripción del macho de Camponotus foreli Emery." Colección Estudios Altoaragoneses 6 (1986): 109-126.
 * Finzi B. 1929. Le forme italiane del genere Messor. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 61: 75-94.
 * Finzi B. 1940. Formiche della Libia. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 18: 155-166.
 * Finzi, B.. "Formiche della Libia." Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 18 (1940): 155-166.
 * Finzi, B.. "Le forme italiane del genere Messor." Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 61 (1929): 75-94.
 * Forel A. 1890. Fourmis de Tunisie et de l'Algérie orientale. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 34: lxi-lxxvi.
 * Forel A. 1892. Liste der aus dem Somaliland von Hrn. Prof. Dr. Conr. Keller aus der Expedition des Prinzen Ruspoli im August und September 1891 zurückgebrachten Ameisen. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 8: 349-354.
 * Forel A. 1893. Nouvelles fourmis d'Australie et des Canaries. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 37: 454-466.
 * Forel A. 1904. Miscellanea myrmécologiques. Rev. Suisse Zool. 12: 1-52.
 * Forel A. 1904. Note sur les fourmis du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences à St. Pétersbourg. Ezheg. Zool. Muz. 8: 368-388.
 * Forel A. 1907. Formiciden aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg. II. Teil. Neueingänge seit 1900. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hambg. 24: 1-20.
 * Forel A. 1909. Études myrmécologiques en 1909. Fourmis de Barbarie et de Ceylan. Nidification des Polyrhachis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 45: 369-407.
 * Forel, A. 1894. Les formicides de la province d'Oran (Algerie). Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 30: 1-45.
 * Forel, A.. "Ameisen aus den Sporaden, den Cykladen und Griechenland, gesammelt 1887 von Herrn von Oertzen." Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 32 (1889): 255-265.
 * Forel, A.. "Fourmis de Tunisie et de l'Algerie orientale recoltees et decrites par Auguste Forel." Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 34 (1890): lxi-lxxvi.
 * Forel, A.. "Les Formicides de la Province d'Oran (Algérie)." Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 30 (1894): 1-45.
 * Forel, A.. "Les fourmis du Sahara algérien récoltées par M. le Professeur A. Lameere et le Dr. A. Diehl." Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 46 (1902): 147-158.
 * Forel, A.. "Miscellanea myrmécologiques II (1905)." Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 49 (1905): 155-185.
 * Forel, A.. "Miscellanea myrmécologiques." Revue Suisse de Zoologie 12 (1904): 1-52.
 * Forel, A.. "Nouvelles fourmis d'Australie et des Canaries." Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 37 (1893): 454-466.
 * Forel, A.. "Nouvelles fourmis de Grèce récoltées par M. E. von Oertzen." Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 30 (1886): clix-clxviii.
 * Forel, A.. "Südpalaearctische Ameisen." Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gessellschaft 9 (1895): 227-234.
 * Glover P. E. 1967. Notes on some ants in northern Somalia. East African Wildlife Journal 5: 65-73.
 * Goetsch, W.. "Beiträge zur Biologie spanischer Ameisen." EOS (Revista española de entomología) 18 (1942): 175-241.
 * Gomez C., D. Casellas, J. Oliveras, and J. M. Bas. 2003. Structure of ground-foraging ant assemblages in relation to land-use change in the northwestern Mediterranean region. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 21352146.
 * Gomez K., D. Martinez, and X. Espadaler. 2018. Phylogeny of the ant genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Sociobiology 65: 215-224.
 * Gomez, C., D. Casellas, J. Oliveras, and J. M. Bas. "Structure of ground-foraging ant assemblages and land-use change in rural ecosystems in the north-western mediterranean region." Biodiversity and Conservation 12 (2007): 2135-2146.
 * Gomez, C., P. Pons and J.M. Bas. 2003. Effects of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile on Seed Dispersal and Seedling Emergence of Rhamnus alaternus. Ecography 26(4):532-538
 * González Martín J. D., and X. Espadaler. 2011. Formicidos del País Vasco (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Nuevas aportaciones. Heteropterus Revista de Entomologia 11(1): 109-122.
 * Gonçalves M. F., and J. A. Pereira. 2012. Abundance and diversity of soil arthropods in the olive grove ecosystem. Journal of Insect Science 12:20 available online: insectscience.org/12.20
 * Gonçalves, C., I. Patanita, and X. Espadaler. "Substantial, and significant, expansion of ant hosts range for Myrmicinosporidium Hölldobler, 1933 (Fungi)." Insectes Sociaux 59 (2012): 395-399.
 * Grandi G. 1935. Contributi alla conoscenza degli Imenotteri Aculeati. XV. Boll. R. Ist. Entomol. Univ. Studi Bologna 8: 27-121.
 * Gribodo, G., Emery C.. "Ordo Hymenoptera." Pp. 81-85 in: Cavanna, G. Parte II.- Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell'Italia meridionale e centrale Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 14 (1882): 31-87.
 * Guillen J. M. C., and A. Tinaut. 2012. Introduction to the study of the ants from the Region of Murcia (Spain) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 36 (1-2): 145-162.
 * Gómez C., and S. Abril. 2011. Selective logging in public pine forests of the central Iberian Peninsula: Effects of the recovery process on ant assemblages Forest Ecology and Management 262: 1061-1066.
 * Heredia, A. and C. Detrain. 2000. Worker size polymorphism and ethological role of sting associated glands in the harvester ant Messor barbarus. Insectes Sociaux 47:383-389
 * Hernandez Cuba O., C. Perez Banon, and M. A. Marcos Garcia. 2008. Los formicidos (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) del Parque natural de la Font Roja. Iberis 6: 9-20.
 * Hernandez Cuba O., J. L. Perez-Bote, and J. M. Garcia Jimenez. 2006. Los formicidos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del Parque Natural de Cornaldo (suroeste de la Peninsula Iberica). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 38: 356-358.
 * Hernández, J. M., M. D. Martínez Ibáñez, and E. Ruiz. "Descripción del órgano estridulador en Messor barbarus (Linneo, 1767) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Anales de Biología 24 (2002): 167-174.
 * IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection
 * Iglesias, L.. "Interpretación de escenas de la vida de los insectos." Discurso leído en la inauguración del curso académico de 1941-1942 Universida (1942).
 * Karavaiev V. 1912. Ameisen aus Tunesien und Algerien, nebst einigen unterwegs in Italien gesammelten Arten. Rus. Entomol. Obozr. 12: 1-22.
 * Lapeva-Gjonova, L., V. Antonova, A. G. Radchenko, and M. Atanasova. "Catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria." ZooKeys 62 (2010): 1-124.
 * Legakis Collection Database
 * Martorell, M.. "Catálogos sinonímicos de insectos encontrados en Cataluña." Barcelona (1879).
 * Martínez Ibáñez, M. D., and X. Espadaler. "Revisión de las hormigas ibéricas de la colección M. Medina y nuevos datos de distribución." Actas de las VIII Jornadas de la Asociación Española de Entomología (1986): 1022-1034.
 * Mayr, G.. "Ameisen aus Tripolis und Barka." Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 26 (1908): 415-418.
 * Medina, M.. "Catálogo provisional de las hormigas de Andalucía." Actas de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 20 (1891): 95-104.
 * Medina, M.. "Formícidos de Tenerife." Actas de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural 21 (1892): 85.
 * Mei M. 1995. Arthropoda di Lampedusa, Linosa e Pantelleria (Canale di Sicilia, Mar Mediterraneo). Hymenoptera Formicidae (con diagnosi di due nuove specie). Il Naturalista Siciliano (4)19(suppl.): 753-772.
 * Menozzi, C.. "Beitrag zur Ameisenfauna des nördlichen und östlichen Spaniens. Aufzählung der von den Herren Dr. F. Haas (1914-1919) und Prof. A. Seitz (1923) gesammelten Arten." Senckenbergiana 9 (1927): 89-92.
 * Morillo C. 1981. Inventario y fenologia de los Formicidae de un encinar de Espana central. Rev. Ecol. Biol. Sol. 18(2): 243-251.
 * Obregon R., J. Lopez, J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2014. A catalogue of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Sierra Mágina (Jaén, southern Spain). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), 54: 370374.
 * Ordóñez-Urbano C., J. Reyes-López, and S. Carpintero-Ortega. 2007. Estudio faunísidos de los formícidos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) asociados a los bosques de ribera en la Provincia de Córdoba (España). Primeras Aportaciones. Boletin Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 40: 367-375.
 * Ortiz, F. J.. "Formícidos del litoral granadino." Memoria de Licenciatura Universida (1985): 206 pp.
 * Ovazza M. 1953. Contributions a l'etude biologique de la Camargue, Formicides. Vie et Milieu 4(4) : 751-753.
 * Pekar S., J. Smeda, M. Hruskova, O. Sedo, C. Muster, P. Cardoso, Z. Zdrahal, S. Korenko, P. Bures, E. Liznarova, and L. Sentenska. 2012. Prey-race drives differentiation of biotypes in ant-eating spiders. Journal of Animal Ecology 81: 838848.
 * Petrov I. Z. 2010. Contribution to the myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Krusevac and its surroundings. Acta entomologica serbica, 2010, 15(1): 145-148.
 * Petrov I. Z., and C. A. Collingwood. 1992. Survey of the myrmecofauna (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) of Yugoslavia. Archives of Biological Sciences (Belgrade) 44: 79-91.
 * Platner C., J. Pinol, D. Sanders, and X. Espadaler. 2012. Trophic diversity in a Mediterranean food webStable isotope analysis of an ant community of an organic citrus grove. Basic and Applied Ecology 13: 587596.
 * Prins A. J. 1963. A list of the ants collected in the Kruger National Park with notes on their distribution. Koedoe 6: 91-108.
 * Prins A. J. 1964. Revised list of the ants collected in the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 7: 77-93.
 * Prins A. J. 1967. The ants of our National Parks. Koedoe - African Protected Area Conservation and Science 10(1): 63-81.
 * Redolfi I., A. Tinaut, F. Pascual, and M. Campos. 2004. Nest density of the nat assemblage (Formicidae) in three olive orchards under different agricultural management in Granada, Spain. Ecología Aplicada 3(1,2): 73-81.
 * Retana J., and X. Cerdá X. 2000. Patterns of diversity and composition of Mediterranean ground ant communites tracking spatial and temporal variability in the thermal environment. Oecologia 123: 436-444.
 * Reyes López, J. L., and J. Fernández. "Modificación de rastros químicos en Messor barbarus (Linneo, 1767)." Graellsia XXXIX (1983): 185-192.
 * Reyes, J. L., and J. Fernandez. "Sequential co-operative load transport in the seed-harvesting ant Messor barbarus." Insectes Sociaux 46 (1999): 119-125.
 * Reyes, J. L.. "Descripción de Messor celiae nov. sp." Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología 9 (1985): 255-261.
 * Reyes-López J., S. Carpintero-Ortega, and E. Retamoza-Muñoz. 2010. Adiciones a la relación de especies de hormigas (Hym., Formicidae) del Parque Natural del Cabo de Gata- Níjar (Almería, España) Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología 34: 67-76.
 * Roig X., X. Espadaler, R. Cusco, F. Garcia, K. Gomez, S. Serrano, and R. Vila. 2008. Ants in gypsum areas. First record from Catalonia (Iberian Peninsula) of Cardiocondyla batesii Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with an updated list of Catalan Formicidae. Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 42: 189-192.
 * Rosenhauer, W. G.. "Die Thiere Andalusiens." Erlangen (1856).
 * Salgueiro, J.. "Primeiros registros de Formicídeos (Hymenoptera) para dúas áreas protegidas portuguesas. Adiçao de duas novas especies á mirmecofauna de Portugal." Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 32 (2003): 109-110.
 * Sanchez-Gil Jimeno R., and J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2016. Study of ants species of the Sierra de San Carlos del Valle (Ciudad Real) and updating the provincial check list (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 40 (1-2): 93-109.
 * Santschi F. 1925. Fourmis d'Espagne et autres espéces paléartiques EOS (Revista española de entomología) 1: 339-360.
 * Santschi F. 1926. Travaux scientifiques de l'Armée d'Orient (1916-1918). Fourmis. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 32: 286-293.
 * Santschi, F.. "Fourmis d'Espagne et autres espéces paléartiques." EOS (Revista española de entomología) 1 (1925): 339-360.
 * Santschi, F.. "Fourmis du Portugal." Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra 59 (1932): 1-3.
 * Santschi, F.. "Inventa entomologica itineris Hispanici et Maroccani, quod a. 1926 fecerunt Harald et Håkan Lindberg. Fourmis du Bassin Méditerranéen occidental et du Maroc récoltées par MM. Lindberg." Societas Scientiarum Fennica (Helsingfors) 3 (14) (1931): 1-13.
 * Santschi, F.. "Liste de fourmis d'Espagne recueilliés par Mr. J. M. Dusmet." Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica de España 15 (1932): 69-74.
 * Santschi, F.. "Races et variétés nouvelles du Messor barbarus L." Bulletin de la Société d' Histoire naturelle de l' Afrique du Nord 8 (1917): 89-94.
 * Saunders, E.. "Aculeate Hymenoptera collected by J. J. Walker, at Gibraltar and in North Africa. (Part I - Heterogyna)." Entomologists' Monthly Magazine XXVI (1890): 201-206 y 289-291.
 * Saunders, E.. "Balearic Insects." The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. Secon Series XII (VOL X (1901): 205.
 * Saunders, E.. "Hymenoptera aculeata from Majorca and Spain. I Majorca (1901)." Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (1904): 597-598.
 * Saunders, E.. "Hymenoptera aculeata from Majorca and Spain. II Spain (1901-1902)." Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (1904): 624-660.
 * Schmitz, H.. "Ein Verzeichnis portugiesischer Ameisen (Formicidae, Hymenoptera)." Brotéria Ser. Cienc. Nat. 24 (1955): 27-37.
 * Soyer B. 1951. Les fourmis des collines des environs de Marseille. Bull Soc Linn Provence 18: 3-6.
 * Suñer i Escriche, David. "Contribució al coneixement mirmecologic de Gavarres, Montgrí, Guilleríes i la Serralada Transversal." Tesis Doctoral Universida (1991): 577 pp.
 * Tinaut A. 2016. Ants of the Tejeda, Almijara and Alhama Mountains Natural Park (Andalusia, Spain) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 40 (1-2): 125-159.
 * Tinaut A., O. Mira, J. M. Vidal, and A. Aguirre-Segura. 2009. The ants of Cabo de Gata (Almería). Faunistics aspects (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent., 33 (1-2): 227-251.
 * Tinaut A., and F. J. Ortiz. 1988. Introduccion al conocimiento de las hormigas de la provincia de Almeria (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Publicaciones del Instituto de Estudios Almerienses. Boletín (Ciencias) 8: 223-231.
 * Tinaut, A., M. D. Martínez Ibáñez, and J. Vidal. "Primer inventario de los formícidos de Navarra. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Munibe 58 (2010): 79-84.
 * Tinaut, A.. "Contribución al conocimiento de los formícidos del Parque Nacional de Doñana." Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomología 15 (1991): 57-63.
 * Tiwari R.N., B.G. Kundu, S. Roychowdhury, S.N. Ghosh. 1999. Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Pp. 211-294 in: Director; Zoological Survey of India (ed.) 1999. Fauna of West Bengal. Part 8. Insecta (Trichoptera, Thysanoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera and Anoplura). Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, iv + 442 pp.
 * Tiwari, R.N. 1999. Taxonomic studies on ants of southern India (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 18(4):1-96
 * Trigos Peral G., and J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2015. New record of Temnothorax algiricus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Iberian Peninsula and ten additional new records for the ant fauna from Málaga, with preliminary list of species from Natural Park Sierras de Tejeda, Almijara y Alhama (Andalusia, Spain). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 39 (3-4): 411-416.
 * Trigos Peral G., and J. Reyes Lopez. 2016. Ants as bioindicators for monitoring of urban green in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Proposal of functional groups. Iberomyrmex 8: 37-38.
 * Trigos-Peral G., and J. L. Reyes-Lopez. 2013. Primera relacion de los formicidos (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) de la Reserva Natural Lagunas de Campillos (Malaga). Boln. Asoc. esp. Ent. 37 (3-4): 217-224.
 * Vanaclocha, P., C. - Monzó, K. Gómez, D. Tortosa, T. Pina, P. Castañera, and A. Urbaneja. "Hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) presentes en el suelo de los cítricos de la provincia de Valencia." Phytoma Nº 171 Ago (2005): 14-22.
 * Walker, J. J.. "Notes on ants'-nest beetles at Gibraltar and Tangier." 374-378 Entomol. M (1889): 25.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VIII. A synonymic list of the ants of the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 45: 711-1004
 * Zariquiey, R.. "Formigues de Cadaqués (prov. De Gerona)." Butll. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. (1930): 92.
 * de Haro, Andrés, and C. A. Collingwood. "Prospección mirmecológica por Andalucia." Boletín de la Estación Central de Ecología 6 (12) (1977): 85-90.
 * de Haro, Andrés, and C. A. Collingwood. "Prospección mirmecológica por Extremadura (España) y Sao Brás-Almodovar, Alcácer do Sal, Serra da Estrela (Portugal)." Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia Suplemento 3(1) (1992): 95-104.
 * de Haro, Andrés, and C. A. Collingwood. "Prospección mirmecológica por el litoral mediterráneo de Marruecos (Cabo Negro, Martil, Oued Lau) y su comparación con la zona meridional ibérica." Orsis 9 (1994): 97-104.
 * de Haro, Andrés, and C. A. Collingwood. "Prospección mirmecológica por la península Tingitana al norte del Rif (Marruecos)." Orsis (Organismes i Sistemes) 12 (1997): 93-99.
 * de Haro, Andrés. "Contribución al conocimiento de los formícidos del cabo de Creus (Gerona)." Pirineos 117 (1982): 49-57.
 * de Haro, Andrés. "Formícidos del Valle de las Batuecas y parte occidental de la Cordillera Central (Salamanca)." Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia natural (Madrid) 72 (1974): 229-235.