Pseudoneoponera tridentata

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Indo-Australian Region: Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore.

Biology
Queens and gamergates can cohabit in the same colonies of P. tridentata (Sommer & Hölldobler 1992; Sommer et al. 1994). Some dealated queens do not lay eggs because they are behaviourally dominated by gamergates.

Castes
Winged queens are similar in body size to workers.

Nomenclature

 * . Pachycondyla tridentata Smith, F. 1858b: 106 (w.) BORNEO (East Malaysia: Sarawak).
 * Type-material: 3 syntype workers.
 * Type-locality: Malaysia: Borneo, Sarawak, “SAR.”, and “Borneo. 57/36” (no collector’s name).
 * Type-depositories: BMNH, OXUM.
 * [Note: the OXUM syntype, labelled only “SAR.” has been remounted in the past by cutting short the large pin through the mesosoma, and driving it through a piece of card. In the 2 BMNH syntypes the original pins are the only ones present.]
 * Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 142 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1976a: 45; Imai, et al. 1984: 67 (k.).
 * [Misspelled as tridens by Santschi, 1928h: 124.]
 * Combination in Ponera: Roger, 1860: 287;
 * combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Emery, 1900d: 667;
 * combination in Bothroponera: Mayr, 1872: 149; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55;
 * combination in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 311;
 * combination in Pseudoneoponera: Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, 2014: 135.
 * Subspecies of rufipes: Roger, 1860: 287.
 * Junior synonym of rufipes: Mayr, 1863: 450.
 * Status as species: Mayr, 1872: 149; Emery, 1887b: 442 (in key, footnote); Emery, 1888a: 531; Dalla Torre, 1893: 37; Emery, 1900d: 667; Emery, 1911d: 77; Forel, 1912n: 52; Forel, 1913k: 7; Forel, 1915a: 23; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 113; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 55; Crawley, 1924: 384; Wheeler, W.M. & Chapman, 1925: 67; Santschi, 1928h: 124; Menozzi, 1930a: 1; Menozzi, 1932d: 4; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 51; Baltazar, 1966: 241; Bolton, 1995b: 311; Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 57.
 * Distribution: Indonesia (Nias, Simeulue, Sumatra), Malaysia (Sarawak), Philippines (Jolo, Tawi-Tawi), Singapore.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus debilior, exasperans.

Ponera tridentata

Two worker syntypes in, one worker syntype in. Of the specimens, one has two data discs, “SAR.” and “Borneo. 57/36.” Acc. Reg.: “1857 no. 36 (May 2) Borneo. Purchased of Stevens.” The second is labelled as “P. tridentata Sm. type” and has a note in Donisthorpe’s handwriting, “Borneo. Sarawak.”

The syntype, labelled only “SAR.” has been remounted in the past by cutting short the large pin through the thorax, and driving it through a piece of card. In the specimens the original pin is the only one present.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Berghoff S.M., U. Maschwitz, and K.E. Linsemair. 2003. Hypogaeic and epigaeic ant diversity on Borneo: evaluation of baited sieve buckets as a study method. Tropical Zoology 16: 153-163.
 * Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
 * Crawley W.C. 1924. Ants from Sumatra, with biological notes by Edward Jacobson. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)13: 380-409
 * Eguchi K., and S. Yamane. 2003. Species diversity of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in a lowland rainforest, northwestern Borneo. New Entomol. 52(1,2): 49-59.
 * Emery C. 1887. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine). [concl.]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 25(5): 427-473.
 * Emery C. 1888. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza . Formiche raccolte dal sig. Elio Modigliani in Sumatra e nell'isola Nias. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 25: 528-534.
 * Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
 * Emery C. Formiche raccolte da Elio Modigliani in Sumatra, Engano e Mentawei. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 40: 661-722.
 * Emery, C. "Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine)." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 5, no. 25 (1887): 427-473.
 * Emery, C. "Formiche raccolte da Elio Modigliani in Sumatra, Engano e Mentawei." Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova) (2) 20, no. 40 (1900): 661-722.
 * Fayle T. M., D. P. Edwards, E. C. Turner, A. J. Dumbrell, P. Eggleton, and W. A. Foster. 2012. Public goods, public services and by-product mutualism in an antfern symbiosis. Oikos 121(8): 1279-1286.
 * Forel A. 1911. Die Ameisen des K. Zoologischen Museums in München. Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Kl. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Münch. 11: 249-303.
 * Forel A. 1912. Einige neue und interessante Ameisenformen aus Sumatra etc. Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. 15: 51-78.
 * Forel A. 1913. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise nach Ostindien ausgeführt im Auftrage der Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von H. v. Buttel-Reepen. II. Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. v. Buttel-Reepen in den Jahren 1911-1912. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 36:1-148.
 * Forel A. 1915. Fauna Simalurensis. Hymenoptera Aculeata, Fam. Formicidae. Tijdschr. Entomol. 58: 22-43.
 * Hashimoto Y., Y. Morimoto, and M. Mohamed. 2003. Species List of Ground and Leaf Litter Ants Collected in Lower Kinabatangan. Pp 13-18. In Lower Kinabatangan Scientific Expedition 2002, 176 pp. ISBN-13: 983-2369-11-8
 * Menozzi C. 1930. Formiche di Sumatra raccolte dal Prof. J. C. van der Meer Mohr. Miscellanea Zoologica Sumatrana 47: 1-5.
 * Menozzi, C. 1932. Formiche dell'Isola di Nias. Misc. Zool. Sumatr. 65: 1-13
 * Pfeiffer M., D. Mezger, and J. Dyckmans. 2013. Trophic ecology of tropical leaf litter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a stable isotope study in four types of Bornean rain forest. Myrmecological News 19: 31-41.
 * Pfeiffer M., and D. Mezger. 2012. Biodiversity Assessment in Incomplete Inventories: Leaf Litter Ant Communities in Several Types of Bornean Rain Forest. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40729. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040890
 * Pfeiffer M.; Mezger, D.; Hosoishi, S.; Bakhtiar, E. Y.; Kohout, R. J. 2011. The Formicidae of Borneo (Insecta: Hymenoptera): a preliminary species list. Asian Myrmecology 4:9-58
 * Sukimin S., M. Mohamed, and H. Aris. 2010. Ant diversity of Maliau Basin Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 6:89-101.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1919. The ants of Borneo. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63:43-147.
 * Wheeler W. M., and J. W. Chapman. 1925. The ants of the Philippine Islands. Part I, Dorylinae and Ponerinae. Philipp. J. Sci. 28: 47-73.
 * Woodcock P., D. P. Edwards, R. J. Newton, C. Vun Khen, S. H. Bottrell, and K. C. Hamer. 2013. Impacts of Intensive Logging on the Trophic Organisation of Ant Communities in a Biodiversity Hotspot. PLoS ONE 8(4): e60756. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060756
 * Woodcock P., D. P. Edwards, T. M. Fayle, R. J. Newton, C. Vun Khen, S. H. Bottrell, and K. C. Hamer. 2011. The conservation value of South East Asia's highly degraded forests: evidence from leaf-litter ants. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 366: 3256-3264.
 * Yamane S.; Nona, A. R. 1994. Ants from Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak. Pp. 222-226 in: Inoue, T.; Hamid, A. A. (eds.) 1994. Plant reproductive systems and animal seasonal dynamics. Long-term study of dipterocarp forests in Sarawak. Kyoto: Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, vii + 255 pp.
 * Yusah K. M., T. M. Fayle, G. Harris, and W. A. Foster. 2012. Optimizing diversity assesment protocols for high canopy ants in tropical rain forest. Biotropica 44(1): 73-81.