Zasphinctus caledonicus

Identification
Diagnosis. Closely resembling S. steinheili Forel of eastern Australia, from which it can be distinguished by the following two characters. (1) Sculpturing, which is dominated by puncturation, is overall denser in caledonicus. In steinheili, the interspace distances over the genal surface are mainly as great as the adjacent puncture diameters or greater, while in caledonicus the genal punctures are contiguous and their borders form an even rugoreticulum. In steinheili, the lateral surfaces of the alitrunk are in large part feebly shining, while in caledonicus these surfaces are entirely opaque. (2) In side view, the dorsal posterior corners of the propodeum form a distinct angle of about 110° in steinheili, but are evenly rounded in caledonicus.

Distribution
This taxon was described from New Caledonia. Edward O. Wilson collected the holotye and a series of paratype workers from Ciu, near Mt. Canala at 300 meters elevation in rainforest on 31 December 1954 (#229)

Biology
The two type colonies were found in a small, isolated patch of broadleaf evergreen forest on the farm of Mr. D. Fere, about half a kilometer northwest of the Ciu Falls. This little woodlot did not exceed two acres in extent, and its floor had been badly disturbed by cattle. Most of the ants present were found underneath rocks embedded in the soil.

Colonies were quite large, one containing over 500 workers and the other over a thousand. That the colonies may have been in migration is suggested by the fact that they occupied poorly defined galleries in the soil which bore no sign of lengthy occupation. The brood of colony no. 195, collected on December 21, consisted of large numbers of mature larvae; two days later, about three-quarters of a sample of these larvae kept alive in a bottle had spun cocoons. The brood of colony no. 229, collected on December 31, consisted of large numbers of cocoons, all of which contained prepupae of indeterminate caste. These data suggest a high degree of synchronization of brood development, a condition usually associated in ants with a nomadic way of life.

Nomenclature

 *  caledonicus. Sphinctomyrmex caledonicus Wilson, 1957a: 8 (w.q.) NEW CALEDONIA. See also: Wilson, 1958c: 136.

Description
Holotype worker. Head width 0.56 mm, head length 0.71 mm, scape length 0.41 mm, cephalic index 79, scape index 73, exposed length of mandibles 0.06 mm, pronotal width 0.42 mm, petiole width 0.35 mm, petiole length (including peduncles) 0.38 mm, postpetiole width 0.47 mIll, width of next gastric segment 0.60 mm, length of gaster posterior to postpetiole (measured in a straight line) 1.35 mm. Worker variation. Maximum head width range (internidal) 0.50-0.57 IllIll; (intranidal; acc. no. 195) 0.50-0.56 mm. In size as well as other external characters the worker type series is remarkably uniform. Ergatogyne. Head width 0.62 mm, head length 0.76 mm, scape length 0.42 mm, cephalic index 82, scape index 68, exposed length of mandibles 0.09 mm, pronotal width 0.44 mm, petiole width 0.42 mm, petiole length 0.41 mm, postpetiole width 0.60 mm, length of gaster posterior to postpetiole 1.96 mm. This specimen is very worker-like, and can be distinguished only by its slightly larger size, proportionately shorter head and scapes, broader petiole, and larger postpetiole and gaster. In addition the postpetiolar-gastric constriction is somewhat weaker than in the worker.· Compound eyes and ocelli are completely lacking; as in the worker, and the structure of the alitrunk is essentially the same. Types. Described from a long series of workers and a single ergatogyne from Ciu, 300 meters, New Caledonia. The following two accessions, representing separate nest series, are included:no. 195, no. 225. The holotype was chosen from no. 225.

Additional References
[[Media:Wilson 1957a.pdf|Wilson, E. O. 1957a. The discovery of cerapachyine ants on New Caledonia, with the description of new species of Phyracaces and Sphinctomyrmex. Breviora 74: 1-9]]