Camponotus variegatus

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Indo-Australian Region: Hawaii, Micronesia (Federated States of), Singapore. Oriental Region: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Palaearctic Region: China, Turkey.

Biology
The phylogeography of a group of Pacific Island Camponotus species, which included a number of species groups, was broadly examined by Clouse et al. (2015). They found Camponotus variegatus was most closely related to the North American species Camponotus maculatus tortuganus (now a junior synonym of Camponotus inaequalis). Also, these species are part of a clade that is primarily a large Neotropical lineage.

Nomenclature

 * . Formica variegata Smith, F. 1858b: 19 (w.q.) SRI LANKA, SINGAPORE.
 * [Misspelled as varigatus by Donisthorpe, 1949g: 415.]
 * Imai et al. 1984: 9 (k.).
 * Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1862: 656;
 * combination in C. (Myrmoturba): Forel, 1913k: 125;
 * combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 95.
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery & Forel, 1879: 448; Forel, 1879a: 61; Emery, 1893f: 252; Emery, 1896d: 370 (in list); Emery, 1901f: 121; Forel, 1909e: 397; Forel, 1911i: 227; Forel, 1913k: 125.
 * Junior synonym of maculatus: Forel, 1886f: 149.
 * Subspecies of sylvaticus: Emery, 1878b: 44; Mayr, 1880: 21; André, 1882a: 145; Emery, 1887a: 212 (footnote).
 * Subspecies of maculatus: Emery, in Dalla Torre, 1893: 241 (footnote), 256; Hamann & Klemm, 1976: 676 (anachronism).
 * Status as species: Mayr, 1862: 656 (redescription); Mayr, 1863: 401; Roger, 1863b: 2; Motschoulsky, 1863: 11; Smith, F. 1871a: 304; Mayr, 1877: 20 (in list); Dalla Torre, 1893: 256; Bingham, 1903: 359; Santschi, 1920h: 173; Emery, 1920c: 7, 11 (in key); Emery, 1925b: 95; Wheeler, W.M. 1927d: 10; Karavaiev, 1929c: 237; Karavaiev, 1930a: 211; Karavaiev, 1933a: 316; Donisthorpe, 1942d: 458; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 251; Collingwood, 1962: 229; Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 95; Bolton, 1995b: 128; Tang, J., Li, et al. 1995: 116; Tiwari, 1999: 71; Zhou, 2001b: 207; Hansen & Klotz, 2005: 98; Karmaly & Narendran, 2006: 127; Terayama, 2009: 217 (in key); Legakis, 2011: 33; Ran & Zhou, 2011: 70; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 30; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 8; Karaman, C. & Aktaç, 2013: 53 (in key); Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 26.
 * Senior synonym of hawaiensis: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 95; Bolton, 1995b: 128; Zhou, 2001b: 207.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus ambonensis, bacchus, batta, cleon, comottoi, crassinodis, dulcis, flavotestaceus, fuscithorax, infuscus, intrans, papua, proles, somnificus, stenonotus.
 * hawaiensis. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) variegatus subsp. hawaiensis Emery, 1920c: 7.
 * [First available use of Camponotus maculatus r. mitis var. hawaiensis Forel, 1899a: 122 (w.q.m.) HAWAII; unavailable (infrasubspecific) name.]
 * [Misspelled as hawaiiensis by Wheeler, W.M. 1934h: 17.]
 * Combination in C. (Tanaemyrmex): Emery, 1925b: 96.
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Wheeler, W.M. 1909c: 272.
 * Subspecies of variegatus: Emery, 1925b: 96; Wheeler, W.M. 1934h: 17; Wheeler, W.M. 1935g: 40.
 * Junior synonym of variegatus: Wilson & Taylor, 1967: 95; Bolton, 1995b: 103; Zhou, 2001b: 207.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
 * Chen Z. L., S. Y. Zhou, D. D. Ye, Y. Chen, and C. W. Lu. 2013. Moleular phylogeny of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China based on Mitochondrial genes. Sociobiology 60(2): 135-144.
 * Cheng D., Z. Chen, and S. Zhou. 2015. An analysis on the ant fauna of Jinzhongshan Nature Reserve in Gunagxi, China. Journal of Guangxi Normal University: Natural Science Edition 33(3): 129.137.
 * Chung A.Y.C., and M. Mohamed. 1996. A comparative study of the ant fauna in a primary and secondary forest in Sabah, Malaysia. In Edwards, D.S. Booth, W.E. and S.C. Choy (eds). Tropical Rainforest Research. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pp 357-366.
 * Collingwood C. A. 1962. Some ants (Hym. Formicidae) from north-east Asia. Entomologisk Tidskrift 83: 215-230.
 * Dias R. K. S. 2002. Current knowledge on ants of Sri Lanka. ANeT Newsletter 4: 17- 21.
 * Dias R. K. S. 2006. Current taxonomic status of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka. The Fauna of Sri Lanka: 43-52. Bambaradeniya, C.N.B. (Editor), 2006. Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation. The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka. viii + 308pp.
 * Dias R. K. S., K. R. K. A. Kosgamage, and H. A. W. S. Peiris. 2012. The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Ants (Order: Hymenoptera, Family: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka. In: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara Eds., Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. p11-19.
 * Dias, R.K.S. 2006. Overview of ant research in Sri Lanka: 2000-2004. ANeT Newsletter 8:7-10
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 * Emery C. 1893. Voyage de M. E. Simon à l'île de Ceylan (janvier-février 1892). Formicides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 62: 239-258.
 * Emery C. 1901. Ameisen gesammelt in Ceylon von Dr. W. Horn 1899. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1901: 113-122.
 * Forel A. 1909. Études myrmécologiques en 1909. Fourmis de Barbarie et de Ceylan. Nidification des Polyrhachis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 45: 369-407.
 * Forel A. 1911. Ameisen aus Ceylon, gesammelt von Prof. K. Escherich (einige von Prof. E. Bugnion). Pp. 215-228 in: Escherich, K. Termitenleben auf Ceylon. Jena: Gustav Fischer, xxxii + 262 pp.
 * [[Media:Forel 1913l.pdf|Forel A. 1913k. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise nach Ostindien ausgeführt im Auftrage der Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von H. v. Buttel-Reepen. II. Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. v. Buttel-Reepen in den Jahren 1911-1912. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 36:1-148.]]
 * Guénard B., and R. R. Dunn. 2012. A checklist of the ants of China. Zootaxa 3558: 1-77.
 * Hu C.-H. 2006. Indigenized conservation and biodiversity maintenance on Orchid Island. PhD Thesis, graduate school of the University of Minnesota. 150 pages.
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 * Karavaiev V. 1930. Ameisen von den Molukken und Neuguinea. (Ergebnisse der Sunda-Expedition der Notgemeinschaft der deutschen Wissenschaft 1929/30.). Zool. Anz. 92: 206-214.
 * Li Z.h. 2006. List of Chinese Insects. Volume 4. Sun Yat-sen University Press
 * Mohanraj, P., M. Ali and K. Veenakumari. 2010. Formicidae of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Indian Ocean: Bay Of Bengal). Journal of Insect Science 10:172.
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 * Tiwari R. N. 1999. Taxonomic studies on ants of southern India (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 18(4): 1-96.
 * Tiwari, R.N. 1999. Taxonomic studies on ants of southern India (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 18(4):1-96
 * Wang W. R., S. Q. Zhang, and Z. H. Xu. 2012. A faunistic and taxonomic study of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Shenzhen Municipality. Journal of Southwest Forestry University 32(1): 64-73.
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 * Zhang W., and S. Zhou. 2016. An investigation on Formicidae species of Nanling National Park. Journal of Huizhou University 36(3): 27-30.
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