Pheidole cramptoni

Longino (1997) found two colonies in primary rainforest on the Costa Rican Atlantic slope, one nesting in a rotting cavity ofa live branch, the other in a dead stick. Douglas Yu (specimen data) discovered a colony in Peru in cavities of the myrmecophyte Cordia nodosa. Colonies have been found in rainforest nesting in dead sticks and in the cavities of live myrmecophytes of the genera Cordia and Piper. Winged reproductives have been collected in nests in different localities from April to November. (Wilson 2003)

Identification
See the description in the nomenclature section.

Distribution
Recorded from Costa Rica; Trinidad and Tobago; Guyana (type locality); Mato Grosso, Brazil; and Amazonian Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. (Wilson 2003)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago.

Worker
Minor

Biology
Lenko & Brown found this species twice near Manaus, in the heart of Amazoniam Brazil, during 1962. The first collection (M-101) was a large colony or group of colonies found under the bark of a large, punky "white-rotten" log in rain forest at km 40 on the road from Manaus to Itacoatiara, NE of Manaus (27. VIII_1962), The second colony with winged queens was taken in the base of a rotten branch of a tree about 2 m above the ground in second growth forest bordering a plantation of "Brazil" nut or "castanha do Para", at Aleixo, 14 km SE Manaus, on 11.IX. 1961. In Guyana, as indicated by Wheeler, this species has been found nesting in hollow petioles of Tachigalia. (Kempf and Brown 1968).

Nomenclature

 *  cramptoni. Pheidole cramptoni Wheeler, W.M. 1916c: 4 (s.w.) GUYANA. Senior synonym of petiolicola: Kempf & Brown, 1968: 97. See also: Wilson, 2003: 677.
 * petiolicola. Pheidole cramptoni subsp. petiolicola Wheeler, W.M. 1921f: 147 (s.w.) GUYANA. Junior synonym of cramptoni: Kempf & Brown, 1968: 97.

Description
From Wilson (2003): DIAGNOSIS Similar to Pheidole hasticeps, Pheidole subarmata, and especially Pheidole synarmata.

Major: in side view frontal lobes project forward as equilateral triangles; humeri angulate, seen from above projecting slightly beyond the rest of the pronotum below it; propodeal spiracle very large, its diameter greater than the base of the propodeal spine in side view; postpetiole oval from above; head bicolored (see Color below); all of frontal lobes and space between frontal carinae filled with carinulae, which reach halfway from the level of the eyes to the level of the occiput.

Minor: propodeal spiracle large, about as wide as the base of the propodeal spine; humerus in dorsal-oblique view angulate; postpetiolar node from side well developed.

MEASUREMENTS (mm) Syntype major: HW 0.96, HL 1.20, SL 0.46, EL 0.10, PW 0.52. Syntype minor: HW 0.52, HL 0.58, SL 0.52, EL 0.08, PW 0.32.

COLOR Major: anterior half of dorsum of head yellow, contrasting with yellowish brown posterior half, also with yellowish brown mid-clypeus, frontal triangle, and antennal fossae; body yellowish brown.

Minor: concolorous yellowish brown.



'''Figure. Upper: syntype, major. Lower: syntype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.'''

Type Material
GUYANA: Kartabo, col. W. M. Wheeler. - as reported in Wilson (2003)

Etymology
Eponymous. (Wilson 2003)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Alonso L., M. Kaspari, and A. Alonso. 2001. Assessment of the Ants of the Lower Urubamba Region, Peru. Pp 87-93. In: Alsonso A, Dallmeier F, Campbell P, editors. Urubamba: The biodiversity of a Peruvian rainforest. SI/MAB Biodiversity Program-Smithsonian Institution. 204 p.
 * Branstetter M. G. and L. Sáenz. 2012. Las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Guatemala. Pp. 221-268 in: Cano E. B. and J. C. Schuster. (eds.) 2012. Biodiversidad de Guatemala. Volumen 2. Guatemala: Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, iv + 328 pp
 * Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944
 * Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.
 * Franco W., N. Ladino, J. H. C. Delabie, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, M. Fichaux, S. Groc, M. Leponce, and R. M. Feitosa. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674(5): 509-543.
 * Groc S., J. H. C. Delabie, F. Fernandez, F. Petitclerc, B. Corbara, M. Leponce, R. Cereghino, and A. Dejean. 2017. Litter-dwelling ants as bioindicators to gauge the sustainability of small arboreal monocultures embedded in the Amazonian rainforest. Ecological Indicators 82: 43-49.
 * Kempf W. W. 1961. A survey of the ants of the soil fauna in Surinam (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 4: 481-524.
 * Kempf W. W., and W. L. Jr. Brown. 1968. Report on some Neotropical ant studies. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 22: 89-102.
 * Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
 * Kusnezov N. 1952. El género Pheidole en la Argentina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 12: 5-88.
 * Lapolla, J. S., and S. P. Cover. "New species of Pheidole (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) from Guyana, with a list of species known from the country." Transactions of the American Entomological Society 131, no. 3-4 (2005): 365-374.
 * Longino J. T. L., and M. G. Branstetter. 2018. The truncated bell: an enigmatic but pervasive elevational diversity pattern in Middle American ants. Ecography 41: 1-12.
 * Longino J. et al. ADMAC project. Accessed on March 24th 2017 at https://sites.google.com/site/admacsite/
 * Mertl A. L., J. F. A. Traniello, K. Ryder Wilkie, and R. Constantino. 2012. Associations of two ecologically significant social insect taxa in the litter of an amazonian rainforest: is there a relationship between ant and termite species richness? Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/312054
 * Wheeler W. M. 1916. Ants collected in British Guiana by the expedition of the American Museum of Natural History during 1911. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 35: 1-14.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1921. The Tachigalia ants. Zoologica (New York) 3: 137-168.
 * Wheeler W. M. 1942. Studies of Neotropical ant-plants and their ants. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 90: 1-262.