Pheidole teneriffana

In 1989 Martinez (1992) found a population occupying about two hectares of Admiral Kidd Park, evidently consisting of a single continuous, polydomous colony. The separate nests contained large numbers of workers and multiple inseminated queens, as many as 23 in one instance. Nest sites included lawns and open ground, where nest entrances were surmounted by mounds of excavated soil; crevices of sidewalks and curbs; and the bases of trees. New nest sites were occupied by budding from occupied sites. The workers were aggressive toward other ant species; they preyed on insects and harvested seeds. By 1998, according to Gulmahamad and Martinez (1999), the population was extinct. It had been weakened by attempts to exterminate it and changes in the nest habitat, and given the coup de grâce by encroaching Argentine ants (Linepithema humile). (Wilson 2003)

Identification
See the description in the nomenclature section.

Distribution
Canary Islands and Mediterranean area. I have examined series from Egypt and Malta. The species, in addition to Aguayo’s hotel series from Cuba, has been discovered by Michael J. Martinez (1992) in Admiral Kidd Park in western Long Beach, California. Another collection was made at Lima, Peru, by M. Pacheco, in 1991. The true origin of this tramp species is unknown, but the best guess is the Mediterranean region. (Wilson 2003)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: Comoros, Eritrea, Kenya, Saint Helena, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates. Malagasy Region: Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles. Nearctic Region: United States. Neotropical Region: Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Greater Antilles, Peru. Palaearctic Region: Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Egypt, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Israel, Malta, Oman, Spain.

Nomenclature

 *  teneriffana. Pheidole teneriffana Forel, 1893d: 465 (s.w.) SPAIN (Canary Is). [Also described as new by Forel, 1894a: 160.] Santschi, 1908: 521 (q.). Gómez & Espadaler, 2006: 229 (m.). Senior synonym of taina: Wilson, 2003: 640; of voeltzkowii: Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 340. See also: Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 438; Snelling, R.R. 1992b: 121.
 * taina. Pheidole teneriffana subsp. taina Aguayo, 1932: 219 (s.) CUBA. Junior synonym of teneriffana: Wilson, 2003: 640.
 * voeltzkowii. Pheidole voeltzkowii Forel, 1894e: 227 (s.w.m.) MADAGASCAR. Forel, 1897c: 207 (q.). Junior synonym of parva: Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 340.

Description
From Wilson (2003): DIAGNOSIS Major: unique in the possession of a broad, convex metanotum and a four-lobed mesosomal profile in dorsal-oblique view (2 on pronotum, one each on mesonotum and metanotum); also, presence of a weak antennal scrobe; carinulae cover all the dorsal head surface except for the frontal triangle and midclypeus; carinulae originating laterad to antennal scrobes circle outward and downward again to travel to the eye and behind it; postpetiole elliptical from above.

Minor: occiput slightly narrowed, no nuchal collar.

MEASUREMENTS (mm) Major (Oriente, Cuba): HW 1.34, HL 1.34, SL 0.82, EL 0.20, PW 0.64. Minor (Oriente, Cuba): HW 0.62, HL 0.70, SL 0.74, EL 0.14, PW 0.34.

COLOR Major and minor: light yellowish brown, with head, mandibles, and gaster a slightly darker shade.



'''Figure. Upper: major. Lower: minor. CUBA: Hotel Telegrafo, Holguin, Oriente (lectotype and paralectotype of P. teneriffana subsp. taina Aguayo). Scale bars = 1 mm.'''

Type Material
- as reported in Wilson (2003)

Type Locality Information
Tenerife, Canary Islands. (Wilson 2003)

Etymology
Named after the place of origin of the types. (Wilson 2003)

Additional References

 * Forel, A. 1893. Nouvelles fourmis d’Australie et des Canaries. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Belg. 37: 454–466.
 * Gomez, K. & Espadaleer, X. 2006. Exotic ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Balearic Islands. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8, 225-233.
 * Gulmahamad, H. and J. Martinez. 1999. Extirpation of one exotic ant species by another in southern California. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 75(4): 227–229.
 * Martinez, M. J. 1992. A new ant introduction for North America:Pheidole teneriffana (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pan-Pac. Entomol. 68: 153–154.
 * [[Media:Wetterer 2011.pdf|Wetterer, J.K. 2011. Worldwide Spread of Pheidole teneriffana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Florida Entomologist 2011 94 (4), 843-847 PDF]]
 * Text and images from this publication used by permission of the author.