Crematogaster schmidti

The most common species of Crematogaster in the mediterranean and submediterranean part of Montenegro.

Distribution
Karaman (2010) - Northern bank of Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, from Slovenia in the west to Ukraine in the east. Altitude: 0-800 m a.s.l.

Crematogaster schmidti and Crematogaster scutellaris are allopatric species. The transgression zone between the two species is the region from Slovenia (east slopes of Julian Alpes) to the Adriatic coast of Croatia (Dalmatia), and the southeast Bosnia and Herzegovina. The two species do not hybridize because no intermediate forms have been found in the transgression zone [the territory of former Yugoslavia] (Atanassov & Dlusskij, 1992). Based on the current distribution of C. schmidti and C. scutellaris, we are expecting C. scutellaris to be found in Slovenia, and rejecting the possibility of the same species being present in Montenegro.

This is a common species, known from all Greek provinces, but based on our unpublished genetic studies status of populations from Crete is unclear and maybe they include a cryptic undescribed species (Borowiec et al., 2022).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Montenegro, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine.

Biology
Karaman (2010) - During our field work we observed that colonies of C. schmidti were active during the whole 24h period from May until September. Workers often tend aphids and form a line to the nest. Colonies are found at the base of trees and shrubs, in cavities of threes and sedges or in dead wood. When nests are disturbed workers emerge in great numbers and are very aggressive; they usually bite with mandibles and rarely exude quantities of liquid from the tip of the gaster.

Associations with other Organisms
This species is associated with the aphids, , and  (Saddiqui et al., 2019 and included references).

Nomenclature

 * . Acrocoelia schmidti Mayr, 1853a: 149 (w.q.) SLOVENIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Slovenia: Krain, Wibacher Thale (F. Schmidt).
 * Type-depository: NHMW.
 * [Misspelled as schmitti by Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1916: 170.]
 * Ruzsky, 1905b: 491 (m.).
 * Combination in Crematogaster: Mayr, 1855: 469;
 * combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 143;
 * combination in C. (Crematogaster): Bolton, 1995b: 166.
 * Junior synonym of scutellaris: Mayr, 1855: 469; Nylander, 1856b: 100; Lucas, 1856: xxi; Smith, F. 1858b: 135; Roger, 1863b: 36; Mayr, 1863: 405; Dours, 1873: 169; André, 1874: 204 (in list); Forel, 1874: 100 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 464; Fromantin & Soulié, 1961: 95; Baroni Urbani, 1964a: 4; Bernard, 1967: 164.
 * Subspecies of scutellaris: Forel, 1904b: 372; Ruzsky, 1905b: 491; Forel, 1911d: 340; Emery, 1912e: 654; Emery, 1914d: 157; Emery, 1915h: 1; Emery, 1916b: 155; Stitz, 1917: 340; Crawley, 1920a: 165; Emery, 1922e: 143; Finzi, 1922: 120; Finzi, 1923: 3; Müller, 1923b: 72; Viehmeyer, 1923: 89; Santschi, 1926f: 287; Karavaiev, 1927a: 289; Karavaiev, 1927d: 335; Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929b: 43; Santschi, 1929e: 148; Finzi, 1930d: 313; Menozzi, 1933b: 61 (in key); Santschi, 1934d: 276; Zimmermann, 1935: 23; Menozzi, 1936d: 283; Santschi, 1937e: 311 (in key); Finzi, 1939c: 155; Finzi, 1940: 160; Arnol'di, 1948: 211 (in list); Consani & Zangheri, 1952: 40.
 * Status as species: Emery, 1891b: 14; Dalla Torre, 1893: 85; Collingwood, 1961a: 64; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (in key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 54; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (in key); Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 244; Collingwood, 1993b: 194; Arakelian, 1994: 45; Bolton, 1995b: 162; Poldi, et al. 1995: 4; Gallé, et al. 1998: 214; Markó & Csösz, 2002: 116; Karaman, M.G. & Karaman, 2003: 42; Karaman, G.S. & Karaman, 2005: 56; Bračko, 2006: 136; Markó, Sipos, et al. 2006: 69; Petrov, 2006: 93 (in key); Bračko, 2007: 17; Karaman, M.G. 2008: 20 (in key), Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 138; Paknia, et al. 2008: 154; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 18; Karaman, M.G. 2010: 422 (redescription); Csösz, et al. 2011: 56; Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 24; Legakis, 2011: 13; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 489; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 18; Borowiec, L. 2014: 68; Bračko, et al. 2014: 13; Lebas, et al. 2016: 272; Radchenko, 2016: 264; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 44; Seifert, 2018: 180; Bračko, 2019: 170; Madl, 2019: 15.
 * Senior synonym of christowitchii: Emery, 1922e: 143; Bolton, 1995b: 162; Radchenko, 2016: 264.
 * Senior synonym of karawaewi: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 244; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 184; Bolton, 1995b: 162; Radchenko, 2016: 264.
 * Senior synonym of medispina: Emery, 1922e: 143; Müller, 1923b: 72; Bolton, 1995b: 162; Radchenko, 2016: 264.
 * Distribution: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine.
 * christowitchii. Crematogaster scutellaris var. christowitchii Forel, 1892i: 316 (w.) BULGARIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-localities: Bulgaria: Tatar-Bazardjik, Sliven (Balkan), Aëtos (Black Sea), Sare-Mussa, Stanimaka (Rhodope), 1891 (A. Forel).
 * Type-depository: MHNG.
 * Subspecies of scutellaris: Dalla Torre, 1893: 86.
 * Junior synonym of schmidti: Emery, 1922e: 143; Bolton, 1995b: 150; Radchenko, 2016: 264.
 * karawaewi. Crematogaster auberti subsp. karawaewi Ruzsky, 1905b: 497 (w.) RUSSIA (Crimea).
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Russia: Crimea, vic. Magaracha, 31.vii.1896 (Ruzsky).
 * Type-depository: ZMUM.
 * Combination in C. (Acrocoelia): Emery, 1922e: 142;
 * combination in C. (Mesocrema): Santschi, 1937e: 310.
 * Subspecies of auberti: Emery, 1912e: 661; Emery, 1922e: 142; Karavaiev, 1927a: 290; Arnol’di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (in key).
 * Subspecies of inermis: Emery, 1926: 3.
 * Status as species: Santschi, 1937e: 310.
 * Junior synonym of schmidti: Dlussky, Soyunov & Zabelin, 1990: 244; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 184; Bolton, 1995b: 155; Radchenko, 2016: 264.
 * medispina. Crematogaster scutellaris var. medispina Forel, 1905b: 178 (w.q.) ITALY.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: Italy: Trieste (Graeffe).
 * Type-depository: MHNG.
 * Junior synonym of scutellaris: Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 80.
 * Junior synonym of schmidti: Emery, 1922e: 143; Müller, 1923b: 72; Bolton, 1995b: 157; Radchenko, 2016: 264.

Worker
Karaman (2010) - TL 4.6mm, 4.0mm, 3.5mm, 3.2mm; HW 1119.25, 971.25, 943.50, 841.75; HL 1045.25, 915.75, 888.00, 814.00; CI 107.08, 106.06, 106.25, 103.41; SL 823.25, 749.25, 730.75, 647.50; SI 73.55, 77.14, 77.45, 76.92; LM 1147.00, 1017.50, 962.00, 915.75; PS 203.50, 180.37, 148.00, 129.50; A10 296.00, 259.00, 286.75, 212.75; A9 166.50, 148.00, 129.50, 138.75; A8 157.25, 115.63, 92.50, 120.25; DBT 545.75, 471.75, 388.50, 360.75; PW 388.50, 323.75, 342.25, 268.25; PPW 333.0, 296.00, 268.25, 231.25; PI 116.66, 109.37, 127.58, 116.00; PPI 29.75, 30.47, 28.43, 27.47; PnW 582.75, 518.00, 499.50, 416.25.

The head, thorax and petiole yellow-reddish. Postpetiole unicolor with abdomen – dark brown to black. Face of head is gently longitudinally striated, heavily structured between upper edge of mandible and lower margin of eye. Dorsally, thorax with strong rugulae, smooth and shiny portion restricted on infraspinal area. Promesonotal keel is well developed, propodeal suture strongly impressed. Propodeal spines long, straight, regularly tapering from base to tip. Their length is 2.3-2.5 times as long as their basal width. Whole body covered with appressed pubescence, these hairs are separated at their bases by a distance equal to the length of hairs. Scapes with abundant, long subdecumbent pubescence. Several outstanding long setae may be present on anterior border of clypeus, dorsal face of pronotum, petiole nodes and abdomen. Variability in general body colour of workers from different colonies is usual, from yellow-reddish to dark reddish head, thorax and petiole, dark brown to black postpetiole and gaster.

Queen
Karaman (2010) - TL 9.0mm, 8.7mm, 8.3mm; HW 1628.00, 1595.44, 1725.68; HL 1448.92, 1432.64, 1465.20; CI 112.35, 111.36, 117.77; SL 1009.36, 1015.15, 1053.70; SI 62.00, 63.62, 61.05; OL 97.68, 120.25, 120.25; LM 3.16 mm, 3.05, 2.9mm; PS 257.00, 203.5, 203.5.

Head reddish-brown, rest of the body dark brown. Head wider than pronotum. Mandibles with slight longitudinal rugulae. Masticatory border with five teeth. Apical tooth is the biggest, with sharp tip. Other teeth are smaller and subequal. Lower part of head longitudinally striated, upper part smooth and shining. Thorax, in lateral view, with straight dorsal edge, propodeum is long and narrow and drops steeply from the scutellum. In contrast with workers, thorax is not strongly sculptured dorsally, somewhat gentle striae may be developed. Meso- and metasternum faintly striated, episternum and pronotum smooth. Propodeal spines acute, triangular, the same length as their width at the base. Whole body with appressed, long pubescence. Antennae with suberected, and legs with appressed pilosity. Scarce, long, erected setae present on the anterior of the head, dorsally on scutum, scutellum, epinotum and petiole node. Abdominal tergites with moderately abundant erected setae at their posterior borders. Wings with yellow-brown shade, wing venation brown.

Male
Karaman (2010) - Measurements: TL 3.9mm, 3.9mm, 3.7mm; HW 693.75, 666.0, 675.25; HL 582.75, 545.75, 582.75; CI 119.04, 122.03, 115.87; SL 157.25, 138.75, 157.25; SI 22.66, 20.83, 23.29; OL 83.25, 83.25, 83.25; LM 1725.68, 1546.60, 1595.44; PS 0, 0, 0.

Whole body dark brown, covered with short appressed pubescence. Apical tooth on mandibles is the largest and with a sharp tip, the second one is slightly smaller than the first one; the third and the fourth tooth are the least developed, very small and blunt (Fig. 1D). Several setae, shorter than in Crematogaster gordani Karaman, 2008, are present on external side of each mandible. All three ocelli are equal in size. Propodeal spines are not developed, propodeum bituberculate. Pronotum, scutum and scutellum smooth and shining, Mayers line is not prominent. One longitudinal line divides scutum into a left and a right part. This line finishes at a deep notch in the posterior border of scutum. Meso-, meta- and episternum faintly horizontally striated. Wings achromatic, and wing venation dark brown. External paramera (stipes) with numerous setae over entire external area. Subgenital plate triangular, with almost strait borders and blunt apex. Apex covered with about 40 setae. Penis valve with 10-12 teeth.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Agosti, D. and C.A. Collingwood. 1987. A provisional list of the Balkan ants (Hym. Formicidae) and a key to the worker caste. I. Synonymic list. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 60: 51-62
 * Aldawood AS, Sharaf MR (2011) Monomorium dryhimi sp. n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the M. monomorium group from Saudi Arabia, with a key to the Arabian Monomorium monomorium-group. ZooKeys 106: 4754. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.106.139
 * Andoni V. 1977. Kontribut mbi Himenopteret e familjes Formicidae te vendit tone. Buletini I Shkencave te Natyres 31(2): 93-101.
 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2012. Ants of Greece - Checklist, comments and new faunistic data (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus 23(4): 461-563.
 * Borowiec L., and S. Salata. 2017. Ants of the Peloponnese, Greece (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 86: 193-236.
 * Bracko G. 2007. Checklist of the ants of Slovenia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Natura Sloveniae 9: 15-24
 * Bracko G., H. C. Wagner, A. Schulz, E. Gioahim, J. Maticic, and A. Tratnik. 2014. New investigation and a revised checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Republic of Macedonia. North-Western Journal of Zoology 10(1): 10-24.
 * Bracko G., K. Kiran, C. Karaman, S. Salata, and L. Borowiec. 2016. Survey of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Greek Thrace. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7945. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7945
 * Bracko, G. 2006. Review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) of Croatia. Acta Entomologica Slovenica 14(2): 131-156.
 * Bracko, G.. "Review of the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Croatia." Acta Entomologica Slovenica Vol 14 st (2006): 131-156.
 * Cagniant, H.. "Étude de quelques fourmis marocaines. Statistique provisoire des Formicidae du Maroc." Bulletin de la Société d' Histoire naturelle de l' Afrique du Nord 53 (1964): 83-118.
 * Collingwood C. A. 1961. The third Danish Expedition to Central Asia. Zoological Results 27. Formicidae (Insecta) from Afghanistan. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 123: 51-79.
 * Collingwood, C. A. 1993. A Comparitive Study of the Ant Fauna of Five Greek Islands. Biologia Gallo-hellenica. 20,1:191-197
 * Collingwood, C. A.. "A comparative study of the ant fauna of five Greek islands." Biologia Gallo-Hellenica 20 (1993): 191-197.
 * Consani M., and P. Zangheri. 1952. Fauna di Romagna. Imenotteri - Formicidi. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 31: 38-48.
 * Crawley W. C. 1920. Ants from Mesopotamia and north-west Persia. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 32: 162-166.
 * Csősz S., B. Markó, and L. Gallé. 2011. The myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: an updated checklist. North-Western Journal of Zoology 7: 55-62.
 * Czechowski W., A. Radchenko, W. Czechowska and K. Vepsäläinen. 2012. The ants of Poland with reference to the myrmecofauna of Europe. Fauna Poloniae 4. Warsaw: Natura Optima Dux Foundation, 1-496 pp
 * Dlussky G. M., O. S. Soyunov, and S. I. Zabelin. 1990. Ants of Turkmenistan. Ashkabad: Ylym Press, 273 pp.
 * Dubovikoff D. A., and Z. M. Yusupov. 2018. Family Formicidae - Ants. In Belokobylskij S. A. and A. S. Lelej: Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Proceedingss of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 6: 197-210.
 * Emery C. 1914. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Bearbeitung von O. Leonhard's Sammlungen. 5. Südeuropäische Ameisen (Hym.). Entomologische Mitteilungen. Berlin-Dahlem 3: 156-159.
 * Emery C. 1916. Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera.-Formicidae. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 47: 79-275.
 * Emery, C.. "Escursioni zoologiche del Dr. Enrico Festa nell'Isola di Rodi. XII. Formiche." Bollettino del Museo di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparatadella Reale Università di Torino 30 (1915): 1-7.
 * Emery, C.. "Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie. Zoologie. - Hyménoptères. Révision critique des fourmis de la Tunisie." Explor. Scient. De la Tunisie Zoll. Hym. (Folleto) Paris. Imp (1891): iii + 21 pp.
 * Emery, C.. "Spicilegio mirmecologico." Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 33 (1901): 57-63.
 * Finzi, B.. "Primo contributo alla conoscenza della fauna mirmecologica della Venezia Giulia." Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 53 (1922): 118-120.
 * Finzi, B.. "Risultati scientifici della spedizione Ravasini-Lona in Albania. III. Formiche." Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 55 (1923): 1-4.
 * Forel A. 1904. Note sur les fourmis du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences à St. Pétersbourg. Ezheg. Zool. Muz. 8: 368-388.
 * Forel A. 1911. Fourmis nouvelles ou intéressantes. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 47: 331-400.
 * Forel, A.. "Miscellanea myrmécologiques II (1905)." Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 49 (1905): 155-185.
 * Galle L. 1997. Contribution to the ant fauna of Slovenia with special reference to the submediterranean and eudinaric regions. Annals for Istrian and Mediterranean studies 11: 209-214.
 * Gratiashvili N., Barjadze S. 2008. Checklist of the ants (Formicidae Latreille, 1809) of Georgia. Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology (Tbilisi) 23: 130-146.
 * Ivanov S. P., A. V. Fateryga, and V. Yu Zhidkov. 2019. Aculeate Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) inhabiting trap nests in Crimea. Entomological Review 99(2): 163–179.
 * Karaman M. G. 2009. An introduction to the ant fauna of Macedonia (Balkan Peninsula), a check list (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Natura Montenegrina 8(3): 151-162.
 * Karaman M. G. 2010. New data of the genus Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Crna Gora (Montenegro), Part I: Crematogaster scutellaris group of species. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 34 :419-434.
 * Karaman M. G. 2011. A catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Montenegro. Podgorica: Catalogues 3, Volume 2, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, 140 pp.
 * Karavaiev V. 1927. Übersicht der Ameisenfauna der Krim nebst einigen Neubeschreibungen. Konowia 5: 281-303.
 * Kiran K., and C. Karaman. 2012. First annotated checklist of the ant fauna of Turkey (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 3548: 1-38.
 * Lapeva-Gjonova, L., V. Antonova, A. G. Radchenko, and M. Atanasova. "Catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria." ZooKeys 62 (2010): 1-124.
 * Legakis Collection Database
 * Madl M. 2019. Notes on the ant fauna of Eritrea (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae): type specimens deposited in the Natural History Museum Vienna (Austria) and a preliminary checklist. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 9-18.
 * Markó B., B. Sipos, S. Csősz, K. Kiss, I. Boros, and L. Gallé. 2006. A comprehensive list of the ants of Romania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten 9: 65-76.
 * Markó B., and S. Csősz. 2002. Die europäischen Ameisenarten (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) des Hermannstädter (Sibiu, Rumänien) Naturkundemuseums I.: Unterfamilien Ponerinae, Myrmicinae und Dolichoderinae. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 94: 109-121.
 * Mortazavi Z. S., H. Sadeghi, N. Aktac, L. Depa, L. Fekrat. 2015. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their aphid partners (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Mashhad region, Razavi Khorasan Province, with new records of aphids and ant species for fauna of Iran. Halteres 6:4-12.
 * Müller, G.. "Faunisticna istrazivanja sjeverodalmatinskih otoka: Dugi otok i Kornati (1925-1927): Orthopteroidea, Coleoptera i Formicidae." Acta biol. 1 (1957): 187-218.
 * Müller, G.. "Le formiche della Venezia Guilia e della Dalmazia." Bollettino della Società Adriatica di Scienze Naturali in Trieste 28 (1923): 11-180.
 * Paknia O., A. Radchenko, H. Alipanah, and M. Pfeiffer. 2008. A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Iran. Myrmecological News 11: 151-159.
 * Pashaei Rad S., B. Taylor, R. Torabi, E. Aram, G. Abolfathi, R. Afshari, F. Borjali, M. Ghatei, F. Hediary, F. Jazini, V. Heidary Kiah, Z. Mahmoudi, F. Safariyan, and M. Seiri. 2018. Further records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 64(2): 145-159.
 * Petrov I. Z., and A. Legakis. 1996. Contribution to the Myrmecofauna (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) of Greece. Archives of biological sciences, Belgrade, 48 (3-4): 31-32.
 * Petrov I. Z., and C. A. Collingwood. 1992. Survey of the myrmecofauna (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) of Yugoslavia. Archives of Biological Sciences (Belgrade) 44: 79-91.
 * Salata S., and L Borowiec. 2017. Species of Tetramorium semilaeve complex from Balkans and western Turkey, with description of two new species of (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 62:279–313.
 * Salata S., and L. Borowiec. 2018. Taxonomic and faunistic notes on Greek ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom Entomology 27: 1-51.
 * Salata S., and L. Borowiec. 2019. Preliminary division of not socially parasitic Greek Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with a description of three new species. ZooKeys 877: 81-131.
 * Santschi F. 1926. Travaux scientifiques de l'Armée d'Orient (1916-1918). Fourmis. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 32: 286-293.
 * Stukalyuk S. V. and V. G. Radchenko. 2011. Structure of Multi-Species Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Mountain Crimea. Entomological Review 91(1): 1536.
 * Tausan I., M. M. Jerpel, I. R. Puscasu, C. Sadeanu, R. E. Brutatu, L. A. Radutiu, and V. Giurescu. 2012. Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Sibiu County (Transylvania, Romania). Brukenthal. Acta Musei 7(3): 499-520.
 * Vesni? A. 2011: Revidirani sistematski prijegled mrava Bosne i Hercegovine. Unutar : S. Lelo (urednik),  Fauna  Bosne  i  Hercegovine    Biosistematski  pregledi.  7.  izmijenjeno  i popravljeno interno izdanje Udruenja za inventarizaciju i zatitu  ivotinja, Ilija, Kanton Sarajevo, pp: 205-207.
 * Wagner H. C., B. Seifert, R. Borovsky, and W. Paill. 2018. First insight into the ant diversity of the Vjosa valley, Albania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta ZooBot Austria 155: 315–321.
 * Zimmermann, S.. "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ameisenfauna Süddalmatiens." Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanisch Gesellschaft in Wien 84 (1935): 1-65.