Cyphomyrmex hamulatus

Little is known about the biology of this species.

Identification
Mera-Rodriguez, et al. (2020) - Frontal carina quite sinuous; all carina very sharp and somewhat foliaceous; promesonotal tubercles acutely pointed; hind femur angulates at basal third, posteroventral border with a narrow foliaceous crest; postpetiole with a shallow mid-dorsal impression, hairs on head and gaster recurvate or hook-like, not appressed; and tubercles on mesosoma sharply pointed (Kempf 1965).

Distribution
Mera-Rodriguez, et al. (2020) - Cyphomyrmex hamulatus is distributed throughout Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas and Pará), Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, and Venezuela (Brandão 1991; Snelling and Longino 1992; Fernández and Sendoya 2004).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Castes
This species is only known from the workers.

Nomenclature

 * . Cyphomyrmex rimosus subsp. hamulatus Weber, 1938b: 190 (w.) BOLIVIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated, “a few”).
 * Type-locality: Bolivia: Beni, Cachuela Esperanza, iii.1922 (W.M. Mann).
 * Type-depositories: MCZC, MZSP, USNM.
 * Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1983: 608 (l.).
 * Status as species: Kempf, 1966: 197 (redescription); Kempf, 1972a: 92; Brandão, 1991: 339; Snelling, R.R. & Longino, 1992: 490; Bolton, 1995b: 168; Fernández & Serna, 2019: 850.
 * Senior synonym of trinitatis: Snelling, R.R. & Longino, 1992: 490; Bolton, 1995b: 168.
 * [Note: Snelling, R.R. & Longino, 1992: 490, select hamulatus as available name on first reviser principle.]
 * Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Trinidad, Venezuela.
 * trinitatis. Cyphomyrmex rimosus subsp. trinitatis Weber, 1938b: 189 (w.q.) TRINIDAD.
 * Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queen(s) (numbers not stated, “one colony”).
 * Type-locality: Trinidad: Northern Range, El Tucuché, 16.xii.1934 (N.A. Weber).
 * Type-depository: MCZC.
 * Subspecies of rimosus: Weber, 1940a: 412 (in key); Weber, 1941b: 103; Weber, 1945: 14; Weber, 1946b: 120; Kempf, 1966: 162; Kempf, 1972a: 94.
 * Junior synonym of hamulatus: Snelling, R.R. & Longino, 1992: 490; Bolton, 1995b: 168.
 * [Note: Snelling, R.R. & Longino, 1992: 490, select hamulatus as available name on first reviser principle.]

Worker
Kempf (1966) - Total length 2.7 mm; head length 0.66 mm; head width 0.63-0.66 mm; thorax length 0.88-0.93 mm; hind femur length 0.72-0.75 mm. Ferruginous, with head and gaster somewhat infuscated. Very close to Cyphomyrmex rimosus but presenting the following particularities:

Frontal carinae quite sinuous (fig 9). Antennal scape surpassing the occipital corner - which bears a minute acute denticle - by a distance equalling its maximum width. Funicular segments II and III combined as long as segment I. Eyes with 7-8 facets across the greatest diameter. All carinae very sharp and somewhat foliaceous. Promesonotal tubercles acutely pointed (fig 22). Basal face and upper half of declivous face of epinotum laterally carinate. Hind femora (fig 47) angulate at basal third, postero-ventral border with a narrow foliaceous crest. Petiolar node rather transverse, strongly constricted behind. Postpetiole with a shallow and broad postero-median impression, flanked by a pair of low and inconspicuous lateral ridges, terminating behind in a low rounded tubercle, not very prominent in profile; postero-lateral impressions rather deep. Tergum I of gaster with a very short and vestigial antero-median impression; sides of same tergum rather sharply marginate. Hairs short, simple and hooked, those of gaster are produced on distinct tubercles.

Type Material
Kempf (1966) - A few workers taken in March 1922 by W. M. Mann at Cachuela Esperanza on the lower Beni River in Bolivia. Four specimens (syntypes: NAW, MCZ, WWK) examined.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.
 * Favretto M. A., E. Bortolon dos Santos, and C. J. Geuster. 2013. Entomofauna from West of Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 6 (1): 42-63.
 * Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.
 * Kempf W. W. 1966. A revision of the Neotropical fungus-growing ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex Mayr. Part II: Group of rimosus (Spinola) (Hym., Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 8: 161-200.
 * Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
 * Rosa da Silva R. 1999. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do oeste de Santa Catarina: historico das coletas e lista atualizada das especies do Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2): 75-100.
 * Snelling R. R., and J. T. Longino. 1992. Revisionary notes on the fungus-growing ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex, rimosus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini). Pp. 479-494 in: Quintero, D.; Aiello, A. (eds.) 1992. Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: selected studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, xxii + 692 pp.
 * Weber N. A. 1938. The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part IV. Additional new forms. Part V. The Attini of Bolivia. Rev. Entomol. (Rio J.) 9: 154-206.
 * Weber N. A. 1941. The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part VII. The Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, species. Rev. Entomol. (Rio J.) 12: 93-130.
 * Weber N. A. 1945. The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part VIII. The Trinidad, B. W. I., species. Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro) 16: 1-88.
 * Weber N. A. 1946. The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part IX. The British Guiana species. Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro) 17: 114-172.