Cephalotes oculatus

Nothing is known about the biology of .

Identification
A member of the atratus clade characterised by the wide interocular distance and by the propodeum and mesonotum clearly marginate, as opposed to weakly or indistinctly marginate in the closest species. (de Andrade and Baroni Urbani 1999)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Brazil, Peru.

Nomenclature

 * . Cryptocerus oculatus Spinola, 1851b: 49 (w.) BRAZIL (Pará).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: Brazil: Pará, Belém (Ghiliani).
 * Type-depository: unknown (holotype presumed lost).
 * [Note: holotype presumed lost, not in MRSN, according to De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 141.]
 * [Also described as new by Spinola, 1853: 65.]
 * De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 141 (q.m.).
 * Combination in Cephalotes: Emery, 1914c: 39;
 * combination in Eucryptocerus: Kempf, 1951: 130;
 * combination in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 141.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1853: 216; Smith, F. 1858b: 188; Smith, F. 1862d: 408; Mayr, 1863: 406; Roger, 1863b: 38; Mayr, 1884: 38; Dalla Torre, 1893: 143; Forel, 1895b: 134; Forel, 1912e: 199; Emery, 1914c: 39; Wheeler, W.M. 1916c: 11; Mann, 1916: 449; Wheeler, W.M. 1918b: 26; Santschi, 1920f: 149 (in key); Wheeler, W.M. 1923a: 4; Emery, 1924d: 304; Borgmeier, 1927c: 115; Borgmeier, 1937b: 242; Kempf, 1951: 130 (redescription); Kempf, 1970b: 335; Kempf, 1972a: 107; Bolton, 1995b: 189; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 141 (redescription); Guénard & Economo, 2015: 227.
 * Senior synonym of aethiops: Smith, F. 1858b: 188; Smith, F. 1862d: 408; Mayr, 1863: 406; Roger, 1863b: 38; Dalla Torre, 1893: 143; Forel, 1895b: 134; Emery, 1924d: 304; Borgmeier, 1937b: 242; Kempf, 1951: 130; Kempf, 1972a: 107; Bolton, 1995b: 189; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 141.
 * Distribution: Brazil, Peru.
 * aethiops. Cryptocerus aethiops Smith, F. 1853: 216, pl. 20, fig. 9 (w.) BRAZIL (no state data).
 * Type-material: holotype worker.
 * Type-locality: Brazil: (no further data) (H.W. Bates?).
 * Type-depository: BMNH.
 * Junior synonym of oculatus: Smith, F. 1858b: 188; Smith, F. 1862d: 408; Mayr, 1863: 406; Roger, 1863b: 38; Dalla Torre, 1893: 143; Forel, 1895b: 134; Emery, 1924d: 304; Borgmeier, 1937b: 242; Kempf, 1951: 130; Kempf, 1972a: 107; Bolton, 1995b: 189; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 141.

Worker
Kempf (1951) - Length 7.7-8.9 mm. Distance between the most anterior projection of the frontal carinae and the apex of the internal occipital spine somewhat shorter than the interocular width. The pair of teeth on the vertex well developed. The internal occipital spines sometimes obliquely truncate or bidenticulate at apex. Upper surface of head foveolate only on posterior half, the foveolae, rather deeply impressed behind the vertical teeth. Lower surface of head with large and deeply impressed areoles. Thorax more sparsely and superficially foveolate. Scapular spines strong. Medial pronotal spines well developed. Mesonotum submarginate laterad. Basal face of epinotum rather flat, its sides marginate in front. Epinotal spines strong, usually as long as the basal face, somewhat divergent and raised upward. Basitarsus of middle and hind legs, prismatic almost as deep as broad. Petiole broader than long: its sides converging caudad. Gaster emarginate in front, the first tergite subfulgid discad, anterolaterally with projecting, large angulate lobes. Erect setae confined to femora, mandibles, lower surface of head and gaster.

de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 7.76-8.68; HL 1 .88-2.04; HW 2.41-2.64; EL 0.43-0.48; PW 2.41-2.72; PeW 0.61-0.68; PpW 0.66-0.80; HBaL 0.92-1.04; HBaW 0.19-0.20; CI 128.2-135.5; PI 97.0-100.0; PPeI 400.0-406.5; PPpI 334.7-364.7; HBal 19.2-20.6.

Queen
de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Head subquadrate, without disc. Frons convex. Frontal carinae converging anteriorly and straight up to the vertexal angles. Frontal carinae superficially crenulate and with a small tooth in the middle. Vertexal angles with two pairs of teeth, the anterior pair behind the eyes and smaller than the posterior one. Vertex marked by a pair of large, triangular teeth. Mandibles only superficially angulate.

Mesosoma. Humeral angles bearing a thick, pointed tooth. Pronotal crest well marked and interrupted in the middle by a superficial impression, slightly higher around the median interruption and superficially crenulate. Mesonotum and scutellum nearly flat in side view. Lower mesopleurae with a stout, small tooth. Basal face of the propodeum much lower than backwards. Sides of the declivous face of the propodeum converging posteriorly.

Petiole with differentiate anterior and posterior faces; anterior face truncate, posterior face sloping posteriorly. Petiole unarmed and with posteriorly converging sides. Postpetiole convex dorsally and laterally; its maximum width in the anterior half.

Gaster with a thin lateral margin not reaching the first gastral stigma.

Legs. Fore coxae round. Mid and hind femora not marked by an angle. Mid and hind basitarsi compressed laterally; their diameter constant through the whole length.

Sculpture. Head minutely reticulate and with superficial and variably clumped foveae, larger on the vertex. Ventral part of the head and propleurae with the same type of sculpture as on the vertex but with larger and deeper foveae. Pronotal dorsum, mesonotum, basal face of the propodeum and upper mesopleurae minutely reticulate and with foveae as broad as on the vertex, more superficial on the mesonotum. First gastral tergite with sparse, oval, superficial foveae and impressed by two sets of very thin, superficial, concentric rugulosities originating respectively at about one third and two thirds of the length of the sclerite. Lower mesopleurae, metapleurae, declivous face of the propodeum, first gastral sternite and legs reticulate; remaining tergites and sternites reticulate and irregularly rugulose. Lower mesopleurae with rare, superficial foveae. Anterior and posterior faces of the tibiae with faint, thin, longitudinal rugosities.

Pilosity. Each fovea bearing a thin, appressed hair; border of the frontal carinae and remaining body surfaces with additional, sparse, long, slightly clavate, erect and suberect hairs, longer and denser on the legs and on the apex of the gaster.

Colour. Black. Antennae and tarsomeres brown. First gastral tergite superficially shining.

Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 13.94; HL 2.56; HW 3.00; EL 0.60; PW 3.12; PeW 1.00; PpW 1.16; HBaL 1.32; HBaW 0.27; CI 117.2; PI 96.1; PPeI 312.0; PPpI 269.0; HBaI 20.4.

Male
de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Head (eyes included) about 1/3 broader than long. Vertexal angles medially with a curved carina continuing frontally up to the internal border of the eyes. Vertexal margin prolonged backwards into a neck. Vertex and compound eyes as in opacus. Frontal carinae high, broad, with irregular border and posteriorly obtuse and continuing backwards as a thin, irregular frontal margin, not reaching the impair ocellus. The rest as in opacus.

Mesosoma. Pronotum and mesonotum similar to opacus but much broader. Basal face of the propodeum gently convex, medially impressed, and sloping backwards less abruptly than in opacus; sides of the basal face gently converging backwards, with a carinate, almost round tooth on the posterior half. Declivous face marked, laterally, by a pair of longitudinal, convergent carinae.

Petiole and postpetiole cylindrical, shorter and more convex dorsally than in opacus; anterior border of the petiolar face truncate, weakly concave in the middle and not carinate dorsally. Postpetiole laterally tuberculate.

Gaster with its maximum width at the posterior border of the first segment, three times broader than its articulation with the postpetiole.

Sculpture. As in opacus but with the following differences: foveae more regular and deeper on the head, pronotum, mesonotum and scutellum; basal face of the propodeum with deeper, denser, irregular foveae; declivous face of the propodeum with thick, sparse, longitudinal rugosities; centre of the mesopleurae with superficial foveae; pedicel with sparse superficial depressions superimposed by irregular, longitudinal rugosities; legs less shining than in opacus.

Pilosity. As in opacus.

Colour. Head, mesosoma and pedicel opaque black. First gastral tergite and coxae brown, remaining tergites and sternites lighter. Legs dark ferrugineous with darker femora.

Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 8.60-8.84; HL 1.28-1.32; HW 1.56-1.64; EL 0.56-0.59; PW 1.48-1.56; PeW 0.60-0.66; PpW 0.68-0.72; HBaL 1.24; HBaW 0.16; CI 121.9-124.2; PI 105.1-105.4; PPeI 236.4-246.7; PPpI 216.7-217.6; HBaI 12.9.



Type Material


de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999):

Worker. Type locality: Belem (Para, Brazil). Type material: presumably lost, not in the Spinola collection (Casolari & Casolari Moreno, 1980).

Cryptocerus aethiops Worker. Type locality: Brazil. Type material: a worker (holotype), without locality label in the, examined.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Davidson, D.W. 2005. Ecological stoichiometry of ants in a New World rain forest. Oecologia 142:221-231
 * Franco W., N. Ladino, J. H. C. Delabie, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, M. Fichaux, S. Groc, M. Leponce, and R. M. Feitosa. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674(5): 509-543.
 * Kempf W. W. 1951. A taxonomic study on the ant tribe Cephalotini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro) 22:1-244
 * Kempf W. W. 1970. Levantamento das formigas da mata amazônica, nos arredores de Belém do Pará, Brasil. Studia Entomologica 13: 321-344.
 * Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
 * Radoszkowsky O. 1884. Fourmis de Cayenne Française. Trudy Russkago Entomologicheskago Obshchestva 18: 30-39.
 * de Andrade, M.L. & C. Baroni Urbani. 1999. Diversity and Adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie B 271. 893 pages, Stuttgart