Tetramorium naganum

T. naganum seems to be a leaf litter inhabitant.

Identification
A member of the Tetramorium naganum-species group. Hita Garcia and Fisher (2014) - Tetramorium naganum can be easily diagnosed within the T. naganum group on the basis of the following character combination: eyes small to moderate in size (OI 21–23); propodeal spines relatively long (PSLI 28–33); petiolar node in profile relatively thin, between 1.7 to 1.9 times higher than long (LPeI 54–58); waist segments with long, standing hairs; first gastral tergite with short, comparatively dense, appressed to decumbent pubescence, and without any long standing hairs.

Tetramorium naganum is the only species of the group that was known prior to our revision, and can be seen as the core species of the group. The lack of pilosity on the first gastral tergite isolates it fairly well from Tetramorium alperti and Tetramorium gilgamesh since these possess pilosity in varying degrees of inclination, length, and abundance. The relatively thin and high petiolar node (LPeI 54–58) separates T. naganum from T. alperti and Tetramorium enkidu, which have much thicker petiolar nodes (LPeI 60–68). Additionally, T. naganum has smaller eyes (OI 21–23) than T. gilgamesh (OI 25–27). The last species of the group, Tetramorium dalek, shares the lack of long, standing pilosity on the first gastral tergite with T. naganum. Nevertheless, both species are very unlikely to be confused with each other. Tetramorium dalek is generally smaller (HW 0.45–0.54; WL 0.54–68), has shorter propodeal spines (PSLI 25–27), and lacks long, standing hairs on the waist segments, whereas T. naganum is generally larger (HW 0.55–0.72; WL 0.66–0.92), possesses longer propodeal spines (PSLI 28–33), and always has long, standing hairs on the waist segments.

Distribution
Eastern and north-eastern Madagascar. The distribution range is disjunctive, found in the region around La Mandraka, Analamay, Andranomay, and Andasibe-Mantadia, and Ankerana, or much further north between Anjanaharibe-Sud and the Masoala Peninsula (Ambanizana), with Montagne d’Anjanaharibe being in-between.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Afrotropical Region: Comoros. Malagasy Region: Madagascar.

Habitat
Tetramorium naganum is found in rainforests or montane rainforests from 825–1300 m.

Nomenclature

 *  naganum. Tetramorium naganum Bolton, 1979: 136, fig. 7 (w.q.) MADAGASCAR.

Worker
Hita Garcia and Fisher (2014) - (N=10). HL 0.57–0.72 (0.63); HW 0.59–0.73 (0.65); SL 0.39–0.51 (0.46); EL 0.13–0.16 (0.14); PH 0.29–0.40 (0.33); PW 0.41–0.53 (0.45); WL 0.73–0.92 (0.78); PSL 0.18–0.22 (0.20); PTL 0.13–0.16 (0.14); PTH 0.24–0.28 (0.25); PTW 0.15–0.19 (0.16); PPL 0.18–0.22 (0.19); PPH 0.23–0.27 (0.24); PPW 0.23–0.28 (0.25); CI 94–99 (97); SI 68–77 (73); OI 21–23 (22); DMI 56–62 (58); LMI 40–45 (43); PSLI 28–33 (30); PeNI 34–38 (35); LPeI 54–58 (56); DPeI 107–122 (115); PpNI 52–59 (54); LPpI 77–84 (80); DPpI 125–137 (128); PPI 147–159 (153).

Head weakly to distinctly longer than wide (CI 94–99); posterior head margin moderately concave. Anterior clypeal margin with distinct median impression. Frontal carinae strongly developed, diverging posteriorly, and usually approaching or ending at posterior head margin; antennal scrobe present, but weak, shallow, and without defined posterior or ventral margins. Antennal scapes short, not reaching posterior head margin (SI 68–77). Eyes short to moderate (OI 21–23). Mesosomal outline in profile weakly convex, relatively high (LMI 40–45), and moderately to strongly marginate from lateral to dorsal mesosoma; promesonotal suture and metanotal groove absent. Propodeal spines spinose, long, and acute (PSLI 28–33); propodeal lobes short, triangular, and blunt or acute, always much shorter than propodeal spines. Petiolar node in profile high, rounded nodiform, with well-rounded antero- and posterodorsal margins, between 1.7 to 1.9 times higher than long (LPeI 54–58), anterior and posterior faces approximately parallel, anterodorsal and posterodorsal margins situated at about the same height (very rarely anterodorsal margin higher than posterodorsal margin) and equally marginate, petiolar dorsum always convex; node in dorsal view around 1.1 to 1.2 times wider than long (DPeI 107–122), in dorsal view pronotum between 2.7 to 3.0 times wider than petiolar node (PeNI 34–38). Postpetiole in profile globular, approximately 1.2 to 1.3 times higher than long (LPpI 77–84); in dorsal view between 1.2 to 1.4 times wider than long (DPpI 125–137), pronotum around 1.7 to 1.9 times wider than postpetiole (PpNI 52–59). Postpetiole in profile thicker and lower than petiolar node, postpetiole in dorsal view around 1.5 to 1.6 times wider than petiolar node (PPI 147–159). Mandibles variably sculptured, ranging from fully unsculptured, smooth, and shining through partially striate to fully striate; clypeus longitudinally rugose/rugulose, with two to six rugae/rugulae, median ruga always well developed and distinct, lateral rugae/rugulae usually weaker and/or interrupted; cephalic dorsum between frontal carinae with six to nine longitudinal rugae, rugae running from posterior clypeal margin to posterior head margin but very often irregular, interrupted or with cross-meshes, especially posteriorly; scrobal area usually mostly unsculptured, rarely longitudinally rugose to reticulate-rugose; lateral head longitudinally rugose to reticulate-rugose. Ground sculpture on head absent to weakly punctate. Mesosoma laterally and dorsally irregularly longitudinally rugose, rarely lateral mesosoma with a few unsculptured areas medially. Forecoxae unsculptured, smooth and shining. Ground sculpture on mesosoma very weak to absent. Waist segments and gaster completely unsculptured, smooth and shining. Head, mesosoma, and waist segments with numerous, long, and fine standing hairs; first gastral tergite with short, comparatively dense, appressed to subdecumbent pubescence. Anterior edges of antennal scapes and dorsal (outer) surfaces of hind tibiae usually with decumbent to suberect hairs. Head, mesosoma, waist segments, and gaster usually orange to light brown, rarely of darker brown, mandibles, antennae, and legs always lighter, usually light yellowish brown.

Type Material
Hita Garcia and Fisher (2014) - Holotype, pinned worker, MADAGASCAR, Toamasina, La Mandraka, 18.912778°S, 47.892222 E 1280 m, montane forest, collection code AB41, 8.II.1977 (W.L. & D.E. Brown) (: MCZ_Holotype_32379) [examined]. Paratypes, 16 pinned workers and one dealate queen with same data as holotype (: CASENT0102346; CASENT0235212; MCZ: MCZ_Paratype_32379) [examined]. [Note: the GPS data of the type locality was not provided by the locality label or the original description. The data presented above is based on our own georeferencing of the rainforest locality La Mandraka and should be considered an approximation and not the exact location of the type locality of T. naganum.]

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Bolton B. 1979. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Malagasy region and in the New World. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 38:129-181.
 * Fisher B. L. 1998. Ant diversity patterns along an elevational gradient in the Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud and on the western Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology (n.s.)90: 39-67.
 * Fisher B. L. 2003. Formicidae, ants. Pp. 811-819 in: Goodman, S. M.; Benstead, J. P. (eds.) 2003. The natural history of Madagascar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, xxi + 1709 pp.
 * Hita Garcia F, and B. L. Fisher. 2014. The hyper-diverse ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Malagasy region - taxonomic revision of the T. naganum, T. plesiarum, T. schaufussii, and T. severini species groups. ZooKeys 413: 1-170.