Carebara affinis

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Australasian Region: Australia. Indo-Australian Region: Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines. Oriental Region: Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Island, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Palaearctic Region: China.

Nomenclature

 * . Oecodoma affinis Jerdon, 1851: 110 (s.w.) INDIA (Karnataka/Kerala, “Malabar”).
 * Type-material: syntype major and minor workers (numbers not stated).
 * Type-locality: India: (no further data), “very common in Malabar” (T.C. Jerdon).
 * Type-depository: unknown (no type-material known to exist).
 * [Duplicated in Jerdon, 1854a: 51. Genus misspelled as Ocodoma in both publications.]
 * Emery, 1893e: 212 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1954a: 138 (l.).
 * Combination in Pheidole: Smith, F. 1858b: 174;
 * combination in Pheidologeton: Roger, 1863b: 30;
 * combination in Carebara: Fischer, et al. 2014: 71.
 * Status as species: Smith, F. 1858b: 174; Roger, 1863b: 30; Mayr, 1863: 440; Smith, F. 1871a: 331; Dalla Torre, 1893: 72; Emery, 1893e: 208 (redescription); Emery, 1893g: 261; Emery, 1895k: 466; Emery, 1897d: 568; Emery, 1900d: 688; Forel, 1901b: 14; Dahl, 1901: 19; Emery, 1901g: 567; Forel, 1903a: 691; Rothney, 1903: 98; Bingham, 1903: 164; Forel, 1903d: 405; Forel, 1905c: 22; Forel, 1909d: 226; Emery, 1911b: 531; Forel, 1911d: 386; Forel, 1912n: 53; Forel, 1913f: 191; Forel, 1913k: 55; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 136; Viehmeyer, 1916b: 285; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 85; Emery, 1924d: 212; Crawley, 1924: 399; Stitz, 1925: 119; Wheeler, W.M. 1927b: 45; Wheeler, W.M. 1929g: 51; Karavaiev, 1930a: 213; Wheeler, W.M. 1930h: 68; Karavaiev, 1935a: 95; Wheeler, W.M. 1935g: 27; Donisthorpe, 1943d: 446; Donisthorpe, 1949g: 411; Donisthorpe, 1950a: 339; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 158; Baltazar, 1966: 257; Ettershank, 1966: 118; Taylor, 1991b: 608; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Tang, J., Li, et al. 1995: 76; Zhou & Zheng, 1997b: 163 (in key); Tiwari, 1999: 60; Mathew & Tiwari, 2000: 330; Zhou, 2001b: 91; Lin & Wu, 2003: 65; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005: 36; Zhou, Zhao & Jia, 2006: 870 (in key); Terayama, 2009: 156; Mohanraj, et al. 2010: 7; Pfeiffer, et al. 2011: 50; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 51; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 34; Jaitrong, Guénard, et al. 2016: 34; Akbar & Bharti, 2017: 37 (in key); Dias, R.K.S. et al. 2020: 63.
 * Senior synonym of australis: Taylor, 1991b: 608; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * Senior synonym of bellicosa: Dalla Torre, 1893: 72; Emery, 1893e: 206; Bingham, 1903: 164; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 85; Emery, 1924d: 212; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Tiwari, 1999: 60; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * Senior synonym of calida: Dalla Torre, 1893: 72; Emery, 1893e: 206; Bingham, 1903: 164; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 85; Emery, 1924d: 212; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Tiwari, 1999: 60; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * Senior synonym of laboriosa: Dalla Torre, 1893: 72; Emery, 1893e: 206; Emery, 1895k: 466; Bingham, 1903: 164; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 85; Emery, 1924d: 212; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 469; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Tiwari, 1999: 60; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * Senior synonym of mjobergi: Taylor, 1991b: 608; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * Distribution: Australia, Brunei, China, India (+ Andamans, Nicobars), Indonesia (Ambon, Irian Jaya, Java, Mentawei, Seram, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Waigeu), Laos, Malaysia (Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Papua New Guinea (+ Bismarck Archipelago), Philippines (Luzon, Palawan, Panay), Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus javana, minor, spinosior, sumatrensis.
 * australis. Pheidologeton affinis var. australis Forel, 1915b: 68 (w.q.) AUSTRALIA (Queensland).
 * Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens (numbers not stated).
 * Type-localities: Australia: Queensland, Cedar Creek, Herberton, and Atherton (E. Mjöberg).
 * Type-depository: MHNG (perhaps also in NHRS).
 * Forel, 1918a: 722 (s.).
 * Subspecies of affinis: Ettershank, 1966: 118.
 * Status as species: Forel, 1918a: 721; Emery, 1924d: 212; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 79; Taylor, 1987a: 55.
 * Junior synonym of affinis: Taylor, 1991b: 608; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * bellicosa. Atta bellicosa Smith, F. 1858b: 164 (s.w.) MYANMAR.
 * Type-material: 1 syntype major worker, 1 syntype minor worker.
 * Type-locality: Myanamar (“Burma”): (no further data).
 * Type-depository: BMNH.
 * Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1886c: 360.
 * Status as species: Mayr, 1863: 395; Mayr, 1886c: 360; Smith, F. 1871a: 333.
 * Junior synonym of affinis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 72; Emery, 1893e: 206; Bingham, 1903: 164; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 85; Emery, 1924d: 212; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Tiwari, 1999: 60; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * calida. Solenopsis calida Smith, F. 1863: 22 (q.) INDONESIA (Seram I.).
 * Type-material: holotype queen.
 * Type-locality: Indonesia: Ceram (= Seram I.), “Cer.” (A.R. Wallace).
 * Type-depository: OXUM.
 * Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1862: 750.
 * Status as species: Roger, 1863b: 32; Smith, F. 1871a: 333.
 * Junior synonym of laboriosa: Mayr, 1867a: 100.
 * Junior synonym of affinis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 72; Emery, 1893e: 206; Bingham, 1903: 164; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 85; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 471; Emery, 1924d: 212; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Tiwari, 1999: 60; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * laboriosa. Solenopsis laboriosa Smith, F. 1861b: 48 (s.w.) INDONESIA (Sulawesi).
 * Type-material: 5 syntype workers.
 * Type-locality: Indonesia: Celebes (= Sulawesi), Tondano, “Tond.” (A.R. Wallace).
 * [Note: each worker is on a separate card with the letter “b” written in the lower left corner. Donisthorpe, 1932c: 469, nominated specimens in OXUM from “Wag.” (= Waigeu I., New Guinea) as type-series of laboriosa. This is in error as Smith clearly stated that the type-locality was “Celebes, Tondano.”]
 * Type-depository: OXUM.
 * Mayr, 1867a: 101 (q.).
 * Combination in Pheidologeton: Mayr, 1862: 750.
 * Status as species: Mayr, 1862: 750; Smith, F. 1863: 22; Roger, 1863b: 30; Mayr, 1863: 442; Mayr, 1867a: 100 (redescription); Smith, F. 1871a: 333; Smith, F. 1873: ix; Forel, 1885b: 181; Emery, 1887b: 465; Emery, 1888a: 533; Emery, 1889b: 504; Rothney, 1889: 369; André, 1892b: 53.
 * Junior synonym of affinis: Dalla Torre, 1893: 72; Emery, 1893e: 206; Emery, 1895k: 466; Bingham, 1903: 164; Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 85; Emery, 1924d: 212; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 469; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Tiwari, 1999: 60; Zhou, 2001b: 91.
 * mjobergi. Pheidologeton australis var. mjobergi Forel, 1918a: 723 (q.) AUSTRALIA.
 * Type-material: syntype queens (number not stated).
 * Type-localities: Australia: Queensland, Cedar Creek, Herberton, and Atherton (E. Mjöberg).
 * Type-depository: MHNG.
 * [Unresolved junior secondary homonym of Oligomyrmex mjobergi Forel, 1915b: 69.]
 * Subspecies of australis: Emery, 1924d: 212; Ettershank, 1966: 119; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 79; Taylor, 1987a: 55.
 * Junior synonym of affinis: Taylor, 1991b: 608; Bolton, 1995b: 333; Zhou, 2001b: 91.

Type Material


Solenopsis calida

Holotype queen in. Labelled “Cer.” (= Seram I.).

Solenopsis laboriosa

Five worker syntypes in. Labelled “Tond.” (= Tondano, Sulawesi). Each worker is on a separate card with the letter “b” written in the lower left corner.

Donisthorpe (1932c) nominated specimens in from “Wag.” (= Waigeo I., New Guinea) as type-series of laboriosa. This is incorrect as Smith clearly stated that the type-locality was “Celebes, Tondano.”

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