Azteca coeruleipennis

The taxonomy and biology of A. coeruleipennis is reviewed in Longino (1989b, 1991a, b). The species is an obligate Cecropia ant. It occurs in highly seasonal habitats. Nests are dispersed in both the tree bole and outer branches, with brood dispersed throughout the nesting space. (Longino 2007)

Identification
Longino (2007) - Among the Cecropia ants, A. coeruleipennis is most easily confused with Azteca alfari and Azteca ovaticeps. The presence of tibial setae, the distinctive shape of the mesonotum, and the 6,4 palpal formula will separate A. coeruleipennis from A. alfari and A. ovaticeps.

Distribution
Mexico to Panama.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago.

Biology
Longino (2007) - Prior to this report I had never investigated palpal formula in Azteca. It was surprising to discover that A. coeruleipennis had a palpal formula of 6,4, while all other Cecropia ants have 5,3. A palpal formula of 6,4 is probably plesiomorphic in the genus, which implies that A. coeruleipennis might be a very old Cecropia ant and sister to all the other Cecropia ants. Perhaps this species has survived the arrival of newer Cecropia ants by being a dry-forest specialist, a habitat that is marginal for Cecropia trees.

Nomenclature

 * . Azteca coeruleipennis Emery, 1893b: 130, pl. 1, figs. 1-11 (w.q.m.) COSTA RICA.
 * Status as species: Emery, 1896c: 1; Forel, 1899c: 110; Forel, 1912h: 50; Emery, 1913a: 32; Stitz, 1937: 135; Wheeler, W.M. 1942: 225; Kempf, 1972a: 30; Brandão, 1991: 329; Longino, 1991: 1583 (redescription); Shattuck, 1994: 15; Bolton, 1995b: 78; Longino, 2007: 25 (redescription); Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012: 253.

Worker
Longino (2007) - (n=3): HLA 1.00 (0.97–1.08), HW 0.93 (0.91–0.99), SL 0.71 (0.70–0.72), CI 94 (91–94), SI 72 (66–72).

Palpal formula 5,3; middle and hind tibia with prominent pectinate apical spur; dorsal surface of mandible largely smooth and shining, grading to dull, microareolate sculpture at base, with sparse small piligerous puncta, setae in puncta short, larger puncta with long setae near masticatory margin; medial and lateral clypeal lobes at about same level, medial lobe at most weakly projecting beyond lateral lobes; head with convex sides, strongly cordate posterior margin; mesosoma in lateral profile with promesonotum forming a continuous convexity or mesonotum somewhat elevated above pronotum; posterior mesonotum drops abruptly to metanotal groove, dorsal face of propodeum and broad metanotal groove form a flat, step-like junction with posterior mesonotum; scape and tibia with abundant erect setae, length of setae about one half maximum width of scape or tibia, respectively; sides of head with abundant erect setae from mandibular insertions to level of eye, extending variable distance posterior to eye, often leaving posterior portion devoid of setae; posterior margin of head with abundant erect setae; promesonotum with abundant long erect setae; dorsal face of propodeum with no erect setae or with sparse setae that are much shorter than those of promesonotum; color yellow orange.

Queen
Longino (2007) - (n=5): HLA 1.93 (1.74–1.98), HW 1.48 (1.35–1.53,8), SL 0.98 (0.90–1.03,8), CI 77 (75–78), SI 51 (50–53).

Palpal formula 6,4; middle and hind tibia with prominent pectinate apical spur; dorsal surface of mandible faintly microareolate, dull, with sparse small piligerous puncta, setae in puncta short, larger puncta with long setae near masticatory margin; medial and lateral clypeal lobes at about same level (medial lobe not projecting anteriorly); head quadrate, with sides slightly converging posteriorly; petiolar node low, bluntly rounded; posteroventral petiolar lobe evenly convex, shallow, not strongly developed; scape with abundant fine erect setae, about as long as one half maximum width of scape; middle and hind tibia with abundant erect setae, longest of these about as long as maximum width of tibia (MTSC 20–30); sides of head below level of eyes with 1–2 erect setae, sides of head posterior to eyes with 0–2 short erect setae; posterior margin of head with abundant long curved setae; pronotum with abundant long setae on posterior third; mesoscutum, scutellum, and propodeum with abundant setae, those on scutellum and propodeum longer than those on mesoscutum; petiolar node with variable number of long setae on apex, abundant long setae on posteroventral lobe; all gastral terga with abundant erect setae; color dark brown to black.

Type Material
Longino (2007) - Lectotype queen: Costa Rica, western slope (Alfaro) [label: "Alajuela, Cecropia, III 90"] (examined).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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 * Longino J. T. 1991. Taxonomy of the Cecropia-inhabiting Azteca ants. Journal of Natural History 25: 1571-1602
 * Longino J. T. 2013. Ants of Honduras. Consulted on 18 Jan 2013. https://sites.google.com/site/longinollama/reports/ants-of-honduras
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 * Longino, J.T. 2010. Personal Communication. Longino Collection Database
 * Maes, J.-M. and W.P. MacKay. 1993. Catalogo de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Nicaragua. Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia 23.
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 * Vásquez-Bolaños M. 2011. Lista de especies de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) para México. Dugesiana 18: 95-133
 * Wheeler W. M. 1942. Studies of Neotropical ant-plants and their ants. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 90: 1-262.