Cephalotes ustus

Nothing is known about the biology of .

Identification
A member of the clypeatus clade characterised in the worker and in the soldier by the dark brown body, by the head, mesosoma, pedicel and gaster surrounded by a yellow-whitish, opaque lamella, and by the strong body sculpture. (de Andrade and Baroni Urbani 1999)

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Brazil.

Nomenclature

 * . Zacryptocerus ustus Kempf, 1973c: 450, figs. 1-4 (w.) BRAZIL (Minas Gerais).
 * Type-material: holotype worker, 1 paratype worker.
 * Type-locality: holotype Brazil: Minas Gerais, Pedra Azul, 800 m., xi.1972 (C.A.C. Seabra & M. Alvarenga); paratype with same data.
 * Type-depository: MZSP.
 * De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 284 (s.).
 * Combination in Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 283.
 * Status as species: Brandão, 1991: 384; Bolton, 1995b: 427; De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 283 (redescription).
 * Distribution: Brazil.

Worker
Total length 7.7 (6.9) mm; maximum head length 2.08 (2.79) mm; maximum diameter of eyes 0.38 (0.37) mm; Weber's length of thorax 2.24 (2.00) mm; maximum width of thorax across pronotum 2.87 (2.71) mm. Deeply fuscous brown, almost black; gaster and tarsomeres black; membranaceous laminate borders of head, thorax, gaster and spines of petiole and postpetiole testaceous. Integument opaque, finely, densely punctulate, including the laminate borders which are not glassy nor hyaline. Dorsum of head, cheeks, dorsum of thorax, of petiole, postpetiolc and gaster, apical half of extensor face of femora, tibiae densely and shallowly foveolate, each foveola being oblong and containing an appressed, canaliculate, golden hair. The same hairs are much more widely scattered, either canaliculate or simple, on gular surface of head, sides of thorax, sides of femora and tibiae, ventral surface of gaster, with the foveolae usually indistinct. Gaster, in addition, very finely reticulate-rugulose. Standing hairs absent.

Head distinctly transverse, sides slightly diverging caudad, occipital angle spinous, acute, the spine with a laterally projecting lobe, smaller yet similar to that of membranaceus. Frontal carinae and occipital borders membranaceous and somewhat upturned. Dorsum of head gently convex on disc in both directions, laterally transversely concave. Clypeal sutures vestigial. Frontal area obsolete. Cheeks immarginate below. Eye stalk entirely fused to the frontal carinae above, the apical part bearing the eye not free. Eyes relatively larger, their maximum diameter equal to the distance between their posterior orbit and the tip of the occipital spine. Thorax as in membranaceus except for the different sculpture already mentioned above; lateral expansions of the pronotum scarcely raised apicad, horizontal, those of propodeum obliquely upturned. Hind femora marginate above on apical half yet not sharply carinate, angulate above in side-view, the angle situated beyond the first third of the femur length. First tarsomere distinctly yet not strikingly longer than tarsomeres 2-5 combined. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster as in membranaceus except for the differences in sculpture, color and pilosity already mentioned above.

de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 6.44-7.28; HL 1.52-1.68; HW 2.40-2.68; EL 0.37; PW 2.56-2.80; PeW 0.92-1.02; PpW 0.88-1.00; HBaL 0.72-0.76; HBaW 0.25-0.27; CI 157.9-163.4; PI 93.7-97.7; PPeI 270.6-283.3; PPpI 276.0-309.1; HBaI 34.7-37.5.

Soldier
de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Head feebly convex. Frontal carinae convex anteriorly; their sides slightly converging over the eyes and continuing to the vertexal angles; the latter in form of broad, pointed teeth interconnected by a broad lamella interrupted in the middle. Vertex with a pair of median teeth equally connected by a carina. Mandibles broad, with a strong lateral carina.

Mesosoma. Pronotal sides with a broad lamella, with convex anterior border and posteriorly converging sides. Pronotal carina wide, superficially interrupted in the middle; its sides forming an obtuse tooth in the middle of the notopleural angle. Promesonotal suture impressed on the sides. Mesonotum with a broad, obtuse tooth. Propodeal suture deeply impressed. Propodeum bearing a pair of long spines round at the apex, its basal and declivous face clearly differentiated. Basal face of propodeum with a broad lamellaceous border with 1-2 denticles anteriorly followed by a round tooth and embedding laterally the propodeal spines. Dorsum of propodeal spines markedly carinated.

Petiole with the anterior border truncate and slightly concave medially; posterior face of the petiole flat. Petiolar spines with lamellaceous round tips directed backwards. Postpetiolar spines as in the petiole, originating from the anterior face of the postpetiolc and curved laterally.

Legs. Fore coxae with a pointed anterior spine. Mid and hind femora forming an angle without denticles. Hind basitarsi flat and broad at the base.

Gaster oval and surrounded by a broad lamellae with a notch on its posterior middle.

Sculpture. Head, mesosoma and pedicel punctate and covered by foveae sparser and shallower on the middle of the frontal carinae and on the meso- and metapleurae. Ventral face of the head with broader foveae than those on the head dorsum; similar foveae but sparser on the propleurae. Posterior half of the declivous face of the propodeum, dorsal half of the metapleura, legs and gaster reticulate-punctate, with faint foveae and anastomosing rugosities on first gastral tergite. Middle of the first gastral sternite shining, with sparse piligerous punctures. Membranaceous border surrounding the body reticulate-punctate.

Pilosity. Each fovea bearing an appressed, canaliculate hair of size proportional to the one of the fovea; gaster covered by dense hairs as on the head. Legs with the same type of hairs as the gaster, but sparser. Thin, sparse, appressed hairs on the legs and on the middle of the first gastral sternite. Apex of the gaster with sparse, long, thick, erect hairs truncate or pointed.

Colour. Dark brown to black. Frontal carinae and vertexal angles yellowish-brown, lamellae of the mesosoma, of the pedicel and of the gaster lighter.

Measurements (in mm) and indices: TL 8.84-8.88; HL 2.12-2.16; HW 2.92-3.00; EL 0.44; PW 3.16; PeW 1.16; PpW 1.08-1.12; HBaL 0.88-0.92; HBaW 0.30; CI 137.7-138.9; PI 92.4-94.9; PPeI 272.4; PPpI 282.1-292.6; HBaI 32.6-34.1.

Type Material
de Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) - Worker. Type locality: Pedra Azul, 800 m (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Type material: Holotype and paratype workers labelled: "Pedra Azul - MG, 800 m, XI-1972, Seabra & Alvarenga, no. 8816, Holotypus and Paratypus", in, examined.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Brandao, C.R.F. 1991. Adendos ao catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 35: 319-412.
 * Kempf W. W. 1973. A new Zacryptocerus from Brazil, with remarks on the generic classification of the tribe Cephalotini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 16: 449-462.
 * Prado L. P., and C. R. F. Brandao. 2013. A Catalogue of Cephalotini ant types (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 53(20): 285-293.
 * de Andrade, M.L. & C. Baroni Urbani. 1999. Diversity and Adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde Serie B 271. 893 pages, Stuttgart