Key to Australian Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) species

The following key to Australian Polyrhachis (Cyrtomyrma) species (based on the worker caste) is modified from Kohout (2006, 2009 ).

1

 * Pronotal shoulders in dorsal view more-or-less toothed or obtusely angular; greatest width of pronotal dorsum across, or just below shoulders (e.g. Figs 2I, 3G, 4B) => 2
 * Pronotal shoulders in dorsal view narrowly or widely rounded; greatest width of pronotal dorsum at, or about, middle of its length (e.g. Figs 2E, 2G, 4D) => 7

2

 * Propodeum armed with a pair of spines, denticles or tuberculae (e.g. Figs 2H, 3D, 4A, 4G) => 3
 * Propodeum totally unarmed (Fig. 3F) => Polyrhachis robsoni

3

 * Dorsal surfaces of body covered with numerous relatively long, mostly erect or variously curved hairs (Fig. 3D) => Polyrhachis monteithi
 * Dorsal surfaces of body with only a tuft of erect hairs on summit of mesosoma and a few hairs on dorsum of head and along apical segments of gaster (e.g. Figs 211, 4A) => 4

4

 * Propodeal spines well developed, generally longer than half distance between their bases (e.g. Figs 2F-G, 4A-B) => 5
 * Propodeal spines much shorter than half distance between their bases or reduced to mere denticles or tuberculae (e.g. Figs 1D-E, 4G-II) => 6

5

 * Pronotal shoulders distinctly toothed or bilobed (Fig. 21); generally smaller (HL 1.40-1.47) => Polyrhachis hoelldobleri
 * Pronotal shoulders bluntly angular or narrowly rounded (Fig. 4B); generally larger (HL 1.53-1.72) => Polyrhachis australis (in part)

6

 * Smaller (HL 1.25-1.34); propodeal spines short, but always present (Fig. 1D-E); legs distinctly yellow, or light reddish-brown => Polyrhachis abbreviata (in part)
 * Larger (HL 1.56-1.62); propodeal spines very short or reduced to mere denticles or tuberculae (Fig. 4G-H); legs dark reddish-brown => Polyrhachis yorkana (in part)

7

 * Dorsal surfaces of body covered with numerous erect and/or decumbent hairs (e.g. Figs 111, 4E) => 8
 * Dorsal surfaces of body virtually without hairs, except for tuft of erect hairs on summit of mesosoma, a few hairs on dorsum of head and along apical segments of gaster (Figs 2D, 4A) => 10

8

 * Pubescence of body consisting of abundant, short to very short, somewhat decumbent or recumbent hairs; only a few scattered longer, erect hairs present (Figs 111-I, 311-1) => 9
 * Pubescence of body consisting of numerous, relatively long, erect or variously curved hairs, covering most dorsal surfaces; only sparse decumbent hairs present (Fig. 4E-F) => Polyrhachis pilosa

9

 * Body distinctly bicoloured, reddish-brown with gaster and appendages bright orange; mesosomal dorsum in lateral view distinctly impressed at promesonotal suture (Fig. 311) => Polyrhachis rutila
 * Body unicoloured, jet-black with appendages mostly medium to dark reddish-brown; mesosomal dorsum in lateral view evenly rounded, without distinct impression at promesosonal suture (Fig. 111) => Polyrhachis decumbens

10

 * Propodeum armed with a pair of spines, denticles or tuberculae (e.g. Fig. 4A, G) => 11
 * Propodeum totally unarmed (e.g. Figs 1F, 2D, 4C) => 14

11

 * Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view distinctly flat or shallowly impressed at promesonotal suture (Fig. 2F) => Polyrhachis expressa
 * Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view evenly convex, without distinct impression at promesonotal suture (Figs 4A, 4G) => 12

12

 * Lateral petiolar spines distinctly longer than dorsal pair; propodeal spines generally longer than half distance between their bases (Fig. 4A-B) => Polyrhachis australis (in part)
 * Lateral petiolar spines only slightly longer than dorsal pair, or all spines subequal; propodeal spines shorter than half distance between their bases (e.g. Figs 1D-E, 4G-II) => 13

13

 * Propodeal spines short, but always present (Fig. 1D-E); legs distinctly yellow, or light reddish-brown => Polyrhachis abbreviata (in part)
 * Propodeal spines very short, present as strongly upturned denticles or more-or-less distinct tuberculae (Fig. 4G); legs dark reddish-brown => Polyrhachis yorkana (in part)

14

 * Petiole virtually parallel-sided; petiolar spines very short, lateral spines reduced to denticles (Fig. 1G) => Polyrhachis brevinoda
 * Petiole with sides diverging dorsally; lateral petiolar spines at least as long as dorsal pair (Figs 2E, 4D) => 15

15

 * Antennal scapes longer (SI >140); lateral petiolar spines distinctly longer than dorsal pair (Indonesia, New Guinea) => Polyrhachis euryala (not currently known from Australia)
 * Antennal scapes shorter (SI <135); lateral and dorsal petiolar spines subequal in length => 16

16

 * Pronotum in dorsal view strongly transverse, humeri bluntly angular or narrowly rounded; petiole with sides only weakly diverging dorsally (Fig. 4C-D) (mid- to southern Queensland) => Polyrhachis mackayi
 * Pronotum in dorsal view weakly only transverse, humeri widely rounded; petiole with sides more strongly diverging dorsally (Fig. 2D-E) (far north Queensland) => 17

17

 * Mesosoma in lateral view more or less evenly rounded with very steep, alomost vertical propodeal declivity (Fig. 2A, D-E) => Polyrhachis delecta
 * Mesosoma in lateral view highly arched with anterior face of pronotum steeply rising towards narrow summit; mesonotal and propodeal dorsa steeply descending posteriorly towards oblique declivity (Fig. 5) => Polyrhachis dorowi