Diacamma rugosum

Distribution
This taxon was described from Borneo. It is also found in the Philippines, New Guinea, China, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Viet Nam, Thailand and Singapore.

Nomenclature

 *  rugosum. Ponera rugosa Le Guillou, 1842: 318 (w.) BORNEO. Ogata, 1987: 111 (m.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Senior synonym of versicolor: Roger, 1863b: 16; Emery, 1897b: 153; of frontalis, geminatum, geometrica, japensis, papuanum, saussurei, sculpturata, smithi, striata, vagans (and its junior synonym indica), and material of the unavailable names divergens, macreta, pulchellum referred here: Wilson, 1958d: 368. Current subspecies: nominal plus anceps, arcuatum, balinense, birmanum, celebense, doveri, gibbosum, hortense, javanum, jerdoni, latispinum, lombokense, longiceps, ovale, rothneyi, sculptum, sikkimense, timorense, viridipurpureum.
 * geometrica. Ponera geometrica Smith, F. 1857a: 67 (w.) SINGAPORE. Wheeler, W.M. 1919e: 54 (m.); Emery, 1899c: 5 (l.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Status as species: Santschi, 1932b: 14; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 448. Subspecies of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 154; Wheeler, W.M. 1928c: 5; Karaviev, 1935: 62; Yasumatsu, 1940a: 67. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * versicolor. Ponera versicolor Smith, F. 1857a: 65 (w.) BORNEO. Combination in Diacamma: Emery, 1887b: 438. Subspecies of geometricum: Emery, 1887b: 438. Junior synonym of rugosum: Roger, 1863b: 16; Emery, 1897b: 153; Emery, 1911d: 66.
 * sculpturata. Ponera sculpturata Smith, F. 1859a: 142 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Karavaiev, 1926d: 417 (m.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Subspecies of geometricum: Dalla Torre, 1893: 28; of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 159; Forel, 1901f: 338; Santschi, 1920g: 178; Crawley, 1924: 384; Karavaiev, 1925b: 120; Santschi, 1932b: 12; Karavaiev, 1935a: 65. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * striata. Ponera striata Smith, F. 1860b: 104 (w.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1886c: 361. Subspecies of versicolor: Emery, 1887b: 436 (footnote); of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 161. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * vagans. Ponera vagans Smith, F. 1860b: 103 (w.) INDONESIA (Batjan I.). Bingham, 1903: 81 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1952c: 611 (l.); Imai, et al. 1984: 5 (k.). Combination in Diacamma: Mayr, 1862: 718. Subspecies of rugosum: Forel, 1908a: 1; Forel, 1912a: 49; Forel, 1922: 90. Revived status as species: Mukerjee, 1934: 3. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * tortuolosa. Ponera tortuolosa Smith, F. 1863: 18 (w.) INDONESIA (Seram I.). [Junior primary homonym of Ponera tortuolosa Smith, F. 1858b: 99 (now in Gnamptogenys).] Replacement name: smithi: Donisthorpe, 1943e: 115. Subspecies of geometricum: Emery, 1887b: 438; of rugosum: Emery, 1897b: 550. Revived status as species: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 471.
 * geminatum. Diacamma rugosum subsp. geminatum Emery, 1897b: 161, figs. 6, 12 (w.) INDONESIA (Halmahera I.). Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * frontalis. Diacamma vagans var. frontalis Stitz, 1911a: 355 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * papuanum. Diacamma vagans var. papuanum Stitz, 1911a: 354, fig. 5 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * saussurei. Diacamma bispinosum var. saussurei Forel, 1922: 89 (w.) INDONESIA (Halmahera I.). Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * japensis. Diacamma rugosum subsp.japensis Donisthorpe, 1941h: 52 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.
 * smithi. Diacamma rugosum subsp. smithi Donisthorpe, 1943e: 115. Replacement name for Ponera tortuolosa Smith, F. 1863: 18. [Junior primary homonym of Ponera tortuolosa Smith, F. 1858b: 99.] Junior synonym of rugosum: Wilson, 1958d: 368.

Additional References
Yun-Ling Ke, Wei-Jin Tian, Tian-Yong Zhuang, Guan-Jun Cen, Chun-Xiao Wang, & Mei-Fang Liang. 2011. Capture and Selection of Prey in the Ponerine Ant Diacamma rugosum (Hymenoptera; Formicidae). Sociobiology 58: 635-650.