Human Culture and Ants

Culture consists of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and symbols. Every human society has its own particular culture, or sociocultural system. Variation among cultures is attributable to such factors as differing physical habitats and resources; the range of possibilities inherent in areas such as language, ritual, and social organization; and historical phenomena such as the development of links with other cultures. An individual's attitudes, values, ideals, and beliefs are greatly influenced by the culture (or cultures) in which he or she lives. How does all this relate to ants? With few exceptions, human societies exist in places where ants are a dominant element of our surroundings. We are all aware of ants. Every society has a word of ants. They have influenced human culture in the past and present. Biblical references to the industriousness of ants, the creation stories of the Navajo, and ads that state how an exterminator can destroy "all those colonies of unwanted ants" are but some of the examples of how our interactions with ants may be explored in this area of the Antwiki.

Books and Literature
The amount of literature on ants is extensive, and ranges from proverbs and stories of old to the writings and findings of past and modern day researchers and authors. We have separated this literature into the categories of Non-fiction, Fiction, Quotations and Proverbs, Children's Books and Comics.



Fiction

 * Fiction Books on Ants Tables

Ants are not only a focus for studies and tomes written in the world of academia. They have made their way in the fiction realm and used as characters in storytelling for hundred of years. They can range from antagonistic creatures with dark and mysterious ways, to that of the hero come to save the day. A table has been created of past and modern day fiction books where you can alphabetical sort by Title, Author, Publication Date, Publisher, Language, and Subject Heading. An additional table has been created that features books and additional publications that contain chapters and/or stories featuring ants.

We have provided brief summaries of titles in the Notes sections of the table when available.

Non-fiction

 * Non-fiction Books on Ants Tables

There are a plethora of non-fiction books on ants, with a wide range of different themes and insights. So much so that we have created a table where you can alphabetical sort books by Title, Author, Publication Date, Publisher, Language, and Subject. An additional table has been created that features academic books and other publications which contain specific chapters relating to ants.

These texts are often written with either the academic or the layman in mind as the audience. We have noted this difference in the comment sections of the table when applicable.

Children and Young Readers

 * Children's Books Table

Children have a great fascination with ants. Ants seem to capture the interest and imagination of kids readily and frequently. There are a number of stories that star ants, including those of friendship, mathematics, and adventure to name a few. A table has been made where you can alphabetical sort these books by Title, Author, Publication Date, Publisher, Language, and Subject. We have also provided age and/or reading group levels for titles in the Notes section.

Comic Books and Graphic Novels
Ants have found their way into an additional medium of print: comics! Through pencil and ink drawings ants are brought to life visually to entertain any to all ages. A variety and stories and themes can be found, such as trials and tribulations of ant inspired super heroes and heroines. A handful of fictional tales featuring ants are available in graphic novel and comic book editions.

Published in 1950 by Avon Publications based on the book titled The Radio Man by Ralph Milne Farley, published in 1948. The story features scientist Myles Cabot who, from a freak radio accident, is transmitted from Boston, Massachusetts to the planet Venus. There he encounters sentient beings, including a populace of giant ants.
 * An Earth Man on Venus

Created by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby in 1962 and published by Marvel Comics.
 * Ant-Man

By Mario Gully and published by Arcana Studios (2004) and Image Comics (2006). Ant is a series featuring an insect themed super heroine created by the imagination by young Hannah Washington.
 * Ant

Quotations and Proverbs
Ants have also been muses and inspirations for people in expressions of rhyme and reason. The following are works in the forms of proverbs and quotations featuring ants.


 * A cocoanut-shell full of water is an ocean to an ant. - Tamil
 * An emmet (ant) may work its heart out, but cannot make honey.
 * Even an ant is eight spans long as measured by its own hand. - Tamil
 * None preaches better than the ant, and she says nothing. - Benjamin Franklin


 * What could the ant do if it had the head of a bull? - German


 * Ants never sleep. - Ralph Waldo Emerson—Nature. Ch. IV
 * While an ant was wandering under the shade of the tree of Phæton, a drop of amber enveloped the tiny insect; thus she, who in life was disregarded, became precious by death. - Martial—Epigrams. Bk. VI. Ep. 15
 * Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise. - Proverbs. VI. 6.


 * The instincts of the ant are very unimportant, considered as the ant’s; but the moment a ray of relation is seen to extend from it to man, and the little drudge is seen to be a monitor, a little body with a mighty heart, then all its habits, even that said to be recently observed, that it never sleeps, become sublime. - Ralph Waldo Emerson

Movies and Television
"Remember: there are no small parts, only small actors." - Constantin Stanislavski (attributed)

Ants may be the smallest actors out there, but their influence and presence in movies and television is large and, sometimes, in charge.



Movies
The number of movies that ants have been a part of span many decades and many genres of film. We have separated these films into the categories of Staring Role, where ants are the feature players; Supporting Cast, where ants may not be the stars, but there is a good chance they steal the show; and Cameo Appearance, where an ant, or a lot of ants, have a small guest staring role that is short, but memorable.


 * Staring Role

THEM! (1954, Not Rated)

"None of the ants previously seen by man were more than an inch in length - most considerably under that size. But even the most minute of them have an instinct and talent for industry, social organization, and savagery that makes man look feeble by comparison." - Dr. Harold Medford (Edmund Gwenn) (THEM!, 1954)

One of the most iconic atomic age films from 1950s, THEM! stars an army of mutated ants running amok in the state of New Mexico. However, at first, the people in the area do not know that giant ants are about; they only know there is something out there that is reeking havoc. It is during such an investigation that state troopers find a young girl lost and in a total state of shock. While being treated by some nearby doctors, the little girl snaps out of her stupor and begins to shout repeatedly, “THEM!” It is therefore up to an entomologist, scientists, state troopers, an F.B.I. agent, and the U.S. Army and Air Force to stop these creates from populating and taking over the world.

Antz (1998, rated PG: Parental Guidance Suggested)

The feature character of this movie Z, a one-in-a-million worker ant in the colony who wants more out of life. Z gets his wish in more ways than one: he meets the ant princess, by the name of Bala, travels outside of the ant colony to Insectopia (one of the many picnic set ups located in New York’s Central Park) and back again to the colony to save his fellow ants from a rogue general staging a coup d'étatf. Through Z’s eyes, the audience is taking to many different corners of the ant community: worker ants earning an honest living digging for the colony, the royal court of the queen and her successor, and the soldiers who go out to do battle, in this case against some vicious termites.

A Bug’s Life (1998, rated G: General Audiences)

"I'm lost! Where's the line? It just went away. What do I do? What do I do?" - a worker ant panicking after a leaf falls in front of him in the food line. (A Bug’s Life, 1998)

1998 was a big year for ants. Walt Disney Pictures and Pixar Animation release A Bug's Life. In this story an inventor ant named Flik wants to use his love and knack for inventing gadgets to help the colony as they prepare a collected food offering to appease a gang of marauding grasshoppers. When his good intentions backfire, Flik tells the colony, including the royal ant family of the Queen and Princesses Ada and Dot, that he’s going out to search of warriors to help them defend the colony from the grasshoppers. What he gets is a for-hire traveling circus that includes tumbling pillbugs, gypsy moth, praying mantis illusionist, and clowning caterpillar, ladybug, and stick bug.

Ant-Man (expected 2015)

A well known character in the Marvel Universe or several decades, Ant-Man is getting the live action, feature length film treatment along with such comic heroes as Thor, Iron Man and Captain America. Though he isn’t part man, part ant, he has the ability to shrink himself to particle size and fight evil ... and he may also have the assistance of his own private army of ants.


 * Supporting Cast

The Naked Jungle (1954, Not Rated)

"TWO terrible things eat on Charlton Heston in ... Paramount's 'The Naked Jungle,' ... (t)he first of these is vanity and the second is soldier ants." - Bosley Crowther, New York Times

Ants are the antagonistic Marabunta who Christopher Leiningen (Charlton Heston) fights to protect his South American plantation and land in this film based on the classic short story “Leiningen Versus the Ants” by Carl Stephenson. The Marabunta are a massive army of soldier ants feeding their way across the jungle in an overwhelming wave of black. Leiningen orders his plantation workers to construct of a moat surrounding the house, hoping to stop the ants. However, the ants are able to across the water by sailing on fallen leaves. The ants are next met with a barrier of fire, yet they keep swarming. Leiningen’s final act to against the Marabunta is to blow up a nearby river dam and sink the ants en masse.

Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989, rated PG: Parental Guidance Suggested)

"Benefiting the story’s frail antic tone, this benevolent pismire is called 'Anty'." - Michael Wilmington, Los Angeles Times

This movie may center on the adventures the Szalinski and Thompson children have after getting accidental shrunk by a minimizing ray. However, the heart of the story comes from the camaraderie the kids strike up with a backyard, red-colored ant. With the help of cookie crumbs, "Anty" helps the kids travel through the Szalinski's backyard back to their parents by let them ride along his back. Anty further proves his friendship and courage by throwing himself at a vicious, attacking scorpion to protect the kids.

The Ant Bully (2006, rated PG: Parental Guidance Suggested)

This animated movie, based on John Nickle’s 1998 picture book The Ant Bully, features a young kid named Lucas who gets picked on by the local bully. Frustrated by this menacing schoolyard brute, Lucas takes his anger and fight to the nearby anthill constructed on his front lawn. However, the ants of this story are not helpless against the one they call the Destroyer. In the midst of this ant community, there is an ant wizard named Zoc with a potion he uses to shrink Lucas down to their size. In his new miniature stature, Lucas experiences the life and trials of being an ant and of the colony itself, and learns from them teamwork and tolerance.


 * Cameo Appearance

Matinee (1993, rated PG: Parental Guidance Suggested)

"Half Man ... Half Ant ... All Terror!” - tagline from MANT (Matinee, 1993)

The question proposed by the film MANT, the atomic age film-within-the-film of Matinee, is what would happen if an ant were to bite a man while being exposed to radiation at the dentist’s office? That man would become an ant/man hybrid … the Mant. Along with him developing life-size feelers and stretching out his favorite suits, he would continue to grow in size and grow in rage at the community who now fears him. MANT sends up a number of the B-movies from the 1950s era of the kitschy creature features.

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008, rated PG-13: Parents Strongly Cautioned)

“... and when all else fails, there's always an attack of giant ants.” - Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle

Dr. Henry “Indiana” Jones Jr. has had many encounters with groups of reptiles and mammals: snakes, bats, cockroaches and rats. In the fourth installment of the action/adventure series, this time around it is a large swarm of giant, flesh eating ants are featured while Indy and company are driving through a South American rain forest while at the same time fighting off the their pursuers.

Television
The Atom Ant Show (aired 1965 - 1968)

NOVA - Lord of the Ants (aired 2008)

Music
"The ants go marching one by one, hurrah, hurrah" - Lyrics from The Ants Go Marching

Music has been said to be the universal language. Like other artistic mediums such as writing, painting and film, ants have been a muse to a number of people.

Below are a number of songs that are either about an ants, a group of ants, or have a lyric or chorus relating to ants. We have also provided a list of musicians and musical groups how have incorporated the "ant" in their name or their image.

Songs and Musical Compositions
Tohpurn u mrjun′e (The Dragonfly and the Ant) (n.d.)


 * A ballet
 * Composed by Stepan Lusikian, an Armenian composer and pianist

"Fugue for Ants" (1954)


 * An original piece written for the 1954 science fiction film THEM!. Sadly, this particular piece did not make it into the final cut of the film's soundtrack.
 * Composed by Bronislaw Kaper, an American composer born in Poland

"High Hopes" (1959)


 * Winner of the 1959 Academy Award for Music (Song) from the film A Hole in the Head.
 * Music by James Van Heusen
 * Lyrics by Sammy Cahn
 * Performed by Frank Sinatra

"Ants Marching" (1994)


 * Track 7 from the album Under the Table and Dreaming
 * Performed by Dave Matthews Band

"Eight Pieces from the Sonoran Desert" (1997)


 * This musical compositional features a plethora of sounds from the natural world, including ants
 * Composed by Richard Lerman, an American composer

The Cricket Recovers (2005)


 * An opera that features the animal and insect characters from Dutch writer Toon Tellegen's stories, including an ant and an elephant
 * Composed by Richard Ayres, an English composer

Musicians and Musical Groups
Adam Ant

Adam and the Ants

Alien Ant Farm

The Hungry Ants

Art
This is potentially a large category that includes original art, scientific art, paintings, drawings, figures of ants on art objects and sculpture.


 * Stamps

There are a number stamps worldwide with images of ants. Many of these stamps are beautifully designed.

In the United States it is possible to custom make an official stamp with images of choice including ants.

There are many interesting ant designs on T-shirts, many are cartoon designs while others depict ants with accurate morphological detail.
 * Apparel

There is a wide selection of clip art that is copyright free showing ants as the main topic.
 * Clip Art


 * Paintings


 * Sculpture

Photography



 * How to make montage images through a microscope

A microscope with a trinocular head is preferred. If a trinocular head is not present, modifications will attach a camera to one of the eye pieces. This extra port allows the user to set up specimens using the eye pieces and then switch to the photo-tube for images. A microscope with a fine focus rail/stand in addition a coarse focus allows for more precise source images. A grey card (40% neutral) is a standard background in photography. Diffuse lighting can be achieved using several methods: 1) a light dome using LED lights can be attached to the microscope objective and pulled down over the specimen during images 2)
 * Equipment

Example: Leica Application Suite

Leica Imaging System
System Components (used for ant images in Entomology Department, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University)


 * Microscope
 * Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope
 * Lecia Light Dome: LED ring lights part #
 * Objective lenses 0.5x, 1.0x and 1.6x part #:
 * Power control for automating focus part #
 * Shifting base for exchanging between imaging and viewing
 * Trinocular head for T-mount attachment to camera
 * Leica connecting tube part #: 10445930 1.0x magnification
 * Diagnosic instruments 2.0x connecting lens part 3: DD20DMT with C-mount attachment to digital camera
 * Canon 7D Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera (DSLR); camera has a power cord battery installed for long term camera use part#: Canon DC coupler DR-E6; micro USB connector from camera to computer.

Processor 2.93 GHz ; RAM 6 GB ;
 * Computer
 * PC Dell Studio XPS using Windows 7 Enterprise

EOS Utility Canon Driver software Helicon Focus 5.3 (frequent updates per year) Photoshop CS6
 * Software

Games and Humour
"What is this? A center for ants?" - Derek Zoolander (Ben Stiller) in reference to a scale model. (Zoolander, 2001)

Games

 * Toys and Board Games

Ant Farms

Ants in the Pants (Hasbro)


 * Multimedia

SimAnt

Ant Feeder

Humour

 * Jokes

Food

 * Regions where ants may be considered a delicacy
 * Menu's listing ants
 * Nutritional value of ants as food

Medicine

 * Bites and stings
 * Diseases
 * Medicinal value
 * Medical cases involving ants

The Law and Ants

 * Quarantine regulations
 * Keeping ants in captivity and sending ants to others
 * Legal disputes involving ants
 * Forensic medicine

Pest Control

 * Ants as Pests


 * Invasive ants


 * Ants that control other pests (Ants as predators of forest pests; Ants to control citrus pests in China)