Strumigenys

Hita Garcia, Wiesel and Fischer (2013) - A species-rich, worldwide occurring genus mainly distributed in the world tropics and subtropics (Bolton, 2000). The current genus definition includes the former genus Pyramica, which was proposed as junior synonym some years ago (Baroni Urbani and De Andrade, 2007). The taxonomy of the whole tribe was exhaustively revised by Bolton (2000) on a global scale. Most Strumigenys species are small, cryptic ants that nest and forage in leaf litter, in soil, or in rotten wood, whereas there are far fewer genus members that prefer an arboreal life-style. Many species are specialised predators possessing trap-jaw mandibles, and mainly hunt collembolans or other small arthropods (Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990; Bolton, 1999).

Identification

 * Species Groups
 * Strumigenys acubecca group
 * Strumigenys apios group
 * Strumigenys appretiata group
 * Strumigenys browni group
 * Strumigenys bubisnoda group
 * Strumigenys circothrix group
 * Strumigenys clypeata group
 * Strumigenys dagon group
 * Strumigenys decollata group
 * Strumigenys deltisquama group
 * Strumigenys disjuncta group
 * Strumigenys doriae group
 * Strumigenys frivaldszkyi group
 * Strumigenys godeffroyi group
 * Strumigenys horvathi group
 * Strumigenys hyphata group
 * Strumigenys kempfi group
 * Strumigenys kichijo group
 * Strumigenys kyidriformis group
 * Strumigenys lasia group
 * Strumigenys leptodeira group
 * Strumigenys lilloana group
 * Strumigenys ludia group
 * Strumigenys lygatrix group
 * Strumigenys marleyi group
 * Strumigenys membranifera group
 * Strumigenys mitis group
 * Strumigenys mnemosyne group
 * Strumigenys monoropa group
 * Strumigenys morisitai group
 * Strumigenys ochosa group
 * Strumigenys ogloblini group
 * Strumigenys ohioensis group
 * Strumigenys olsoni group
 * Strumigenys ornata group
 * Strumigenys oxysma group
 * Strumigenys paradoxa group
 * Strumigenys platyscapa group
 * Strumigenys precava group
 * Strumigenys probatrix group
 * Strumigenys sauteri group
 * Strumigenys semicompta group
 * Strumigenys simulans group
 * Strumigenys sisyrata group
 * Strumigenys smilax group
 * Strumigenys splendens group
 * Strumigenys substricta group
 * Strumigenys tanymastax group
 * Strumigenys terayamai group
 * Strumigenys tetragnatha group
 * Strumigenys thuvida group
 * Strumigenys transversa group
 * Strumigenys trinidadensis group
 * Strumigenys trudifera group
 * Strumigenys warditeras group
 * Strumigenys weberi group
 * Strumigenys wilsoniana group
 * Strumigenys zapyx group

Species richness
Species richness by country based on regional taxon lists (countries with darker colours are more species-rich). View Data



Biology
Keiichi Masuko and Alain Dejean have published various papers on predatory behaviour in this genus

Chemical Studies
Chien and Lin (2015) - In Taiwan, the ant genus Strumigenys is represented by 13 species, nine of which being endemic to this island. Classic morphological taxonomy can be complex and may lead to equivoque identification within this group. To clarify subtle species assignments, we investigated the venom composition of five Strumigenys species, using SPME extraction and GC/MS analyses, and searched for a suitable chemical marker. Our results indicate that three out of the five species tested showed enough specificity in their chemical profiles to allow clear differentiation. However, the two remaining species could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of their venom composition. We further assessed the phylogenetic relationships between the five species, analyzing both morphological and chemical characters. Our clusters revealed congruency between some species associations and suggested that the analysis of venom composition may apply, at least partially, to Strumigenys chemosystematics. However, important discrepancies also appeared, signifying that selective pressures for chemical diversification have operated differentially during the speciation and dispersal processes within this genus in Taiwan.

Nomenclature

 *  STRUMIGENYS [Myrmicinae: Dacetini]
 * Strumigenys Smith, F. 1860c: 72. Type-species: Strumigenys mandibularis, by monotypy.
 * Strumigenys senior synonym of Labidogenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 37.
 * Strumigenys senior synonym of Eneria, Proscopomyrmex: Brown, 1949d: 15.
 * Strumigenys senior synonym of Quadristruma: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1999: 1673.
 * Strumigenys senior synonym of: Asketogenys, Borgmeierita, Cephaloxys, Chelystruma, Cladarogenys, Codiomyrmex, Codioxenus, Dorisidris, Dysedrognathus, Epitritus, Glamyromyrmex, Gymnomyrmex, Kyidris, Miccostruma, Neostruma, Pentastruma, Platystruma, Polyhomoa, Pyramica, Serrastruma, Smithistruma, Tingimyrmex, Trichoscapa, Weberistruma, Wessonistruma: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * ASKETOGENYS [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Asketogenys Brown, 1972: 23. Type-species: Asketogenys acubecca, by original designation.
 * Asketogenys junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Asketogenys junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
 * BORGMEIERITA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Borgmeierita Brown, 1953g: 23. Type-species: Codiomyrmex excisus, by original designation.
 * Borgmeierita junior synonym of Glamyromyrmex: Brown, 1973a: 35.
 * Borgmeierita junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
 * Borgmeierita junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * CEPHALOXYS [junior homonym, see Smithistruma]
 * Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76. Type-species: Cephaloxys capitata, by monotypy. [Junior homonym of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294 (Hemiptera).]
 * Smithistruma Brown, 1948e: 104, replacement name for Cephaloxys Smith.
 * CHELYSTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Chelystruma Brown, 1950a: 33 [as subgenus of Glamyromyrmex]. Type-species: Glamyromyrmex (Chelystruma) lilloana, by monotypy.
 * Chelystruma raised to genus: Kempf, 1959d: 338.
 * Chelystruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Chelystruma junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
 * CLADAROGENYS [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Cladarogenys Brown, 1976b: 33. Type-species: Cladarogenys lasia, by original designation.
 * Cladarogenys junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Cladarogenys junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
 * CODIOMYRMEX [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Codiomyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326. Type-species: Codiomyrmex thaxteri, by monotypy.
 * Codiomyrmex subgenus of Strumigenys: Emery, 1924d: 325.
 * Codiomyrmex revived status as genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1916d: 326; Brown, 1948e: 114.
 * Codiomyrmex junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Codiomyrmex junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * CODIOXENUS [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Codioxenus Santschi, 1931c: 278 [as subgenus of Epitritus]. Type-species: Epitritus (Codioxenus) simulans, by monotypy.
 * Codioxenus raised to genus: Brown, 1948e: 123.
 * Codioxenus junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Codioxenus junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * DORISIDRIS [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Dorisidris Brown, 1948e: 116. Type-species: Strumigenys (Codiomyrmex) nitens, by original designation.
 * Dorisidris junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Dorisidris junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
 * DYSEDROGNATHUS [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Dysedrognathus Taylor, 1968c: 132. Type-species: Dysedrognathus extemenus, by original designation.
 * Dysedrognathus junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Dysedrognathus junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 13; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
 * ENERIA [junior synonym of Strumigenys]
 * Eneria Donisthorpe, 1948d: 598. Type-species: Eneria excisa (junior synonym of Strumigenys loriae), by original designation.
 * Eneria junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15.
 * EPITRITUS [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Epitritus Emery, 1869a: 136. Type-species: Epitritus argiolus, by monotypy.
 * Epitritus junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.
 * Epitritus junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * GLAMYROMYRMEX [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Glamyromyrmex Wheeler, W.M. 1915e: 487. Type-species: Glamyromyrmex beebei, by monotypy.
 * Glamyromyrmex senior synonym of Borgmeierita: Brown, 1973a: 35.
 * Glamyromyrmex junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Glamyromyrmex junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * GYMNOMYRMEX [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Gymnomyrmex Borgmeier, 1954b: 279. Type-species: Gymnomyrmex splendens, by original designation.
 * Gymnomyrmex junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Gymnomyrmex junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
 * KYIDRIS [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Kyidris Brown, 1949d: 3. Type-species: Kyidris mutica, by original designation.
 * Kyidris senior synonym of Polyhomoa: Creighton, 1950b: 93; Brown & Yasumatsu, 1951: 93.
 * Kyidris junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Kyidris junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 103.
 * LABIDOGENYS [junior synonym of Strumigenys]
 * Labidogenys Roger, 1862a: 249. Type-species: Labidogenys lyroessa, by monotypy.
 * Labidogenys junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40.
 * Labidogenys revived from synonymy: Brown, 1948e: 102.
 * Labidogenys junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 38.
 * MICCOSTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Miccostruma Brown, 1948e: 123. Type-species: Epitritus mandibularis, by original designation.
 * Miccostruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Miccostruma junior synonym of Smithistruma: Bolton, 1983: 274.
 * NEOSTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Neostruma Brown, 1948e: 111. Type-species: Strumigenys crassicornis, by original designation.
 * Neostruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Neostruma junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
 * PENTASTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Pentastruma Forel, 1912a: 50. Type-species: Pentastruma sauteri, by monotypy.
 * Pentastruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Pentastruma junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * PLATYSTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Platystruma Brown, 1953g: 112 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) depressiceps, by original designation.
 * Platystruma junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
 * Platystruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * POLYHOMOA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Polyhomoa Azuma, 1950: 36. Type-species: Polyhomoa itoi (junior synonym of Kyidris mutica), by monotypy.
 * Polyhomoa junior synonym of Kyidris: Creighton, 1950b: 93; Brown & Yasumatsu, 1951: 93.
 * Polyhomoa junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * PROSCOPOMYRMEX [junior synonym of Strumigenys]
 * Proscopomyrmex Patrizi, 1946: 294. Type-species: Proscopomyrmex londianensis, by monotypy.
 * Proscopomyrmex junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, 1949d: 15; Bolton, 1999: 1673.
 * PYRAMICA [Myrmicinae: Dacetini]
 * Pyramica Roger, 1862a: 251. Type-species: Pyramica gundlachi, by monotypy.
 * Pyramica junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40.
 * Pyramica revived from synonymy as subgenus of Strumigenys: Brown, 1948e: 110.
 * Pyramica senior synonym of: Asketogenys, Borgmeierita, Cephaloxys, Chelystruma, Cladarogenys, Codiomyrmex, Codioxenus, Dorisidris, Dysedrognathus, Epitritus, Glamyromyrmex, Gymnomyrmex, Kyidris, Miccostruma, Neostruma, Pentastruma, Platystruma, Polyhomoa, Serrastruma, Smithistruma, Tingimyrmex, Trichoscapa, Weberistruma, Wessonistruma: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.
 * Pyramica junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, 1960b: 37; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * QUADRISTRUMA [junior synonym of Strumigenys]
 * Quadristruma Brown, 1949b: 47. Type-species: Epitritus emmae, by original designation.
 * Quadristruma junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 12; Bolton, 1999: 1673; Bolton, 2000: 492.
 * SERRASTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Serrastruma Brown, 1948e: 107 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys simoni, by original designation.
 * Serrastruma raised to genus: Brown, 1949d: 6.
 * Serrastruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Serrastruma junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
 * SMITHISTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Smithistruma Brown, 1948e: 104. Replacement name for Cephaloxys Smith, F. 1865: 76. [Junior homonym of Cephaloxys Signoret, 1847: 294 (Hemiptera).]
 * [Type-species not Strumigenys pulchella, unjustified subsequent designation by Brown, 1948e: 104, repeated in Kempf, 1972a: 230, Bolton, 1983: 274 and Bolton, 1995b: 46.]
 * Smithistruma senior synonym of Platystruma, Weberistruma, Wessonistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
 * Smithistruma senior synonym of Miccostruma: Bolton, 1983: 274.
 * Smithistruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Smithistruma junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 14; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 102.
 * TINGIMYRMEX [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Tingimyrmex Mann, 1926: 104 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Tingimyrmex) mirabilis, by monotypy.
 * Tingimyrmex raised to genus: Brown, 1948e: 111.
 * Tingimyrmex junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.
 * Tingimyrmex junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 15; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * TRICHOSCAPA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Trichoscapa Emery, 1869b: 24 [as subgenus of Strumigenys]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Trichoscapa) membranifera, by monotypy.
 * Trichoscapa junior synonym of Strumigenys: Dalla Torre, 1893: 145.
 * Trichoscapa junior synonym of Cephaloxys: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 668; Emery, 1924d: 323.
 * Trichoscapa revived from synonymy: Brown, 1948e: 112.
 * Trichoscapa subgenus of Strumigenys: Creighton, 1950a: 304.
 * Trichoscapa status as genus: Kempf, 1972a: 255; Bolton, 1983: 319.
 * Trichoscapa junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1667; Bolton, 2000: 90.
 * Trichoscapa junior synonym of Strumigenys: Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994: 13; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2007: 101.
 * WEBERISTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Weberistruma Brown, 1948e: 106 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys (Cephaloxys) leptothrix, by original designation.
 * Weberistruma raised to genus: Brown, 1949d: 7.
 * Weberistruma junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
 * Weberistruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91].
 * WESSONISTRUMA [junior synonym of Pyramica]
 * Wessonistruma Brown, 1948e: 106 [as subgenus of Smithistruma]. Type-species: Strumigenys pergandei, by original designation.
 * Wessonistruma junior synonym of Smithistruma: Brown, 1973a: 35.
 * Wessonistruma junior synonym of Pyramica: Bolton, 1999: 1668; Bolton, 2000: 91.