Formica sanguinea

Formica sanguinea is a slave-maker of many ants from the subgenus Serviformica. It uses two strategies to exploit its Serviformica hosts. The newly mated F. sanguinea queens usurp Serviformica nests and kill the resident Serviformica queens, thereby avoiding the costs of independent nest founding. Formica sanguinea workers from established colonies are also capable of raiding worker pupae from nearby Serviformica nests. This raiding can provide food and new Serviformica workers. After eclosion these slaves behave as regular members of the society, performing normal worker tasks and taking care of the slave-maker brood. Since F. sanguinea is a facultative social parasite, the workers are capable of nursing broods also independently and slaves are not found in all colonies. Queens may also start new colonies by fission. In Russia it is most common in dry pine forests and forest margins where large nests are constructed of plant material or soil (Haapaniemi and Pamilo 2015, Zryanin and Zryanina 2007).

Identification
Mesosoma and front of head bright red; gaster and ocellar region of head brownish black. Proportion of dark to red varies from north to south with some arctic samples having proponderantly dark heads and dusky red mesosoma contrasting with southern samples which may have whole body excluding gaster bright red. Frontal triangle dull; eyes without hairs. Clypeus with median anterior notch variable in size and shape but always present. Head and mandibles broad relative to alitrunk and gaster. Length: 6.0-9.0 mm (Collingwood 1979).

Distribution
Throughout Eurasia from Portugal to Japan and Iran to Arctic Norway (Collingwood 1979).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Oriental Region: India. Palaearctic Region: Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Balearic Islands, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Biology
Collingwood (1979) - This is the well known aggressive red slave-making ant raiding nests of any species in its neighbourhood during the summer and removing pupae of the Formica fusca group of species for rearing in the parent nest as auxiliaries and also as food. All Fennoscandian species of the F. fusca group have been found in mixed colonies with F. sanguinea including Formica rufibarbis, Formica cinerea, Formica gagatoides and Formica transkaucasica as well as the more frequent Formica fusca or Formica lemani. F. sanguinea tends to avoid in-fighting but overwhelms other species by abrupt aggressive movements. Nests are situated under stones or in tree stumps with a small accumulation of leaf litter. It is often a dominant species in cleared woodland and in some localities all other Formica species have been eliminated and in such cases only pure F. sanguinea colonies are to be found, usually with a high proportion of small workers to act as nurses. Colonies spread by nest splitting and also by individual queens entering nests of the auxiliary species and appropriating a part of the brood, the host queen or queens being subsequently destroyed. Alatae are developed in July pairing often occurring in the vicinity of the nest.

Haapaniemi and Pamilo (2015) found workers of Formica fusca, Formica lemani, Formica gagatoides and Formica picea in the nests of Formica sanguinea they studied in Finland.

Other Insects

 * This ant has been associated with the butterfly (Obregon et al. 2015).
 * This ant has been associated with the butterfly (Obregon et al. 2015).

Fungi
(Shrestha et al., 2017) and (Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012).
 * This taxon is a host for the fungi

Nomenclature

 *  sanguinea. Formica sanguinea Latreille, 1798: 37 (w.) FRANCE. Jurine, 1807: 272 (q.m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953c: 169 (l.); Imai, 1966: 119 (k.). Combination in F. (Raptiformica): Forel, 1913i: 361. Senior synonym of dominula: Smith, F. 1851: 115; Schenck, 1852: 36; Mayr, 1855: 337; Radchenko, 2007: 37; of arenicola, borea, clarior, fusciceps, griseopubescens, leninei, mollesonae, monticola, rotundata, strennua, tristis: Dlussky, 1965a: 16; of flavorubra: Dlussky, 1967a: 97; Collingwood, 1978: 74. Material of the unavailable name minuta referred here by Dlussky, 1965a: 16. See also: Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 401; Donisthorpe, 1915d: 280; Stitz, 1939: 316; Dlussky, 1967a: 97; Tarbinsky, 1976: 186; Kutter, 1977c: 289; Collingwood, 1979: 137; Kupyanskaya, 1990: 191; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 280.
 * dominula. Formica dominula Nylander, 1846a: 905, pl. 18, fig. 15 (w.q.m.) FINLAND. Junior synonym of sanguinea: Smith, F. 1851: 115; Schenck, 1852: 36; Mayr, 1855: 337; Radchenko, 2007: 37.
 * fusciceps. Formica sanguinea var. fusciceps Emery, 1895c: 335 (footnote) (w.) JAPAN. Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * mollesonae. Formica sanguinea var. mollesonae Ruzsky, 1903c: 206 (w.) RUSSIA. Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * clarior. Formica (Raptiformica) sanguinea var. clarior Ruzsky, 1905b: 420 (w.) CAUCASUS. Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * flavorubra. Formica sanguinea var. flavorubra Forel, 1909c: 105 (w.) SPAIN. Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1967a: 97; Collingwood, 1978: 74.
 * borea. Formica (Raptiformica) sanguinea var. borea Santschi, 1925g: 351 (w.m.) FINLAND. Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * strennua. Formica (Raptiformica) sanguinea var. strennua Santschi, 1925g: 352 (w.) SPAIN. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of strenua Haliday, above.] Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * griseopubescens. Formica sanguinea var. griseopubescens Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926b: 95 (w.) KAZAKHSTAN. Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * monticola. Formica sanguinea subsp. monticola Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926b: 95, figs. 3, 4 (w.) KAZAKHSTAN. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of monticola Buckley, 1866: 157, above.] Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * rotundata. Formica sanguinea var. rotundata Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1926b: 95, fig. 2 (w.) KAZAKHSTAN. Raised to species: Dlussky, 1962: 182. Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * clara. Formica (Raptiformica) sanguinea var. clara Karavaiev, 1927d: 345 (w.) UKRAINE. [Junior primary homonym of clara Forel, 1886f: 206.] Replacement name: leninei Santschi, 1928b: 46.
 * arenicola. Formica sanguinea subsp. arenicola Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928b: 15 (w.) RUSSIA. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of arenicola Buckley, above.] Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * leninei. Formica (Raptiformica) sanguinea var. leninei Santschi, 1928b: 46. Replacement name for clara Karavaiev, 1927d: 345. [Junior primary homonym of clara Forel, 1886f: 206.] Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.
 * tristis. Formica (Raptiformica) sanguinea var. tristis Karavaiev, 1929b: 217 (w.) RUSSIA. [Unresolved junior primary homonym of tristis Christ, above.] Junior synonym of sanguinea: Dlussky, 1965a: 16.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Agosti, D. and C.A. Collingwood. 1987. A provisional list of the Balkan ants (Hym. Formicidae) and a key to the worker caste. I. Synonymic list. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 60: 51-62
 * Aldawood AS, Sharaf MR (2011) Monomorium dryhimi sp. n., a new ant species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the M. monomorium group from Saudi Arabia, with a key to the Arabian Monomorium monomorium-group. ZooKeys 106: 4754. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.106.139
 * Alvarado M., and L. Galle. 2000. Ant assemblages associated with lowland forests in the southern part of the great Hungarian plain. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae 46(2): 79-102.
 * Andoni V. 1977. Kontribut mbi Himenopteret e familjes Formicidae te vendit tone. Buletini I Shkencave te Natyres 31(2): 93-101.
 * Anonymous. A list of ants collected at Bandai, Fukushima Prefecture by the members of the Myrmecological Society of Japan in 1992. ARI Reports of the Myrmecologists Society (Japan) 18: 31
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 * Antarea (Personal Communication - Rumsais Blatrix- 27 April 2018)
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 * Arnan, X., A. Rodrigo and J. Retana. 2006. Post-fire recovery of Mediterranean ground ant communities follows vegetation and dryness gradients. Journal of Biogeography 33(7):1246-1258
 * ArtDatabanken Bugs (via GBIG)
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 * Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2012. List of species collected during the Taxomara Tres Cantos 2012. Iberomyrmex 4: 17-18.
 * Asociacion Iberica de Mirmecologia. 2016. List of species collected during the Taxomara Murcia 2016. Iberomyrmex 8: 48-49.
 * Assing V. 1989. Die Ameisenfauna (Hym.: Formicidae) nordwestdeutscher Calluna-Heiden. Drosera 89: 49-62.
 * Azuma M. 1955. A list of ants (Formicidae) from Hokkaido Is. Hyogo Biology 3:79-80.
 * Baroni Urbani C., and C. A. Collingwood. 1976. A Numerical Analysis of the Distribution of British Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 85: 51-91.
 * Baroni Urbani C., and C. A. Collingwood. 1977. The zoogeography of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Northern Europe. Acta Zoologica Fennica 152: 1-34.
 * Baroni Urbani, C.. "Formiche dell'Italia appenninica (Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia, III)." Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 12 (1964): 149-172.
 * Baroni Urbani, C.. "Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. II. Formiche di Sicilia." Atti dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania (6) 16 (1964): 25-66.
 * Barrett K. E. 1967. Ants in South Brittany. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 79:112-116.
 * Barrett K. E. J. 1968. Ants in western France. Entomologist 101: 153-155.
 * Barrett K. E. J. 1968b. The distribution of ants in central southern England. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 17: 235-250.
 * Barrett K. E. J. 1970. Ants in France, 1968-69. Entomologist 103: 270-274.
 * Baugnee J. Y. 2003. Camponotus piceus (Leach, 1825), fourmi nouvelle pour la faune belge decouverte dans le parc naturel Viroin-Hermeton (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin S. R. B. E./K. B. V. E. 139: 219-225.
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 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321945
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 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321947
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321948
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321949
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321950
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321951
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321952
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321953
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321954
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321955
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321956
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321957
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321958
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321959
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321960
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321961
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321962
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321963
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321964
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321965
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321966
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321967
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321968
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321969
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321970
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321971
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321972
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321973
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321974
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321975
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321976
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321977
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321978
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321979
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321980
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321981
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321982
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321983
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321984
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321985
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321986
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321987
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321988
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321989
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321990
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321991
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321992
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321993
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321994
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321995
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321996
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321997
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321998
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243321999
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322000
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322001
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322002
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322003
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322004
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322005
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322006
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322007
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322008
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322009
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322010
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322011
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322012
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322013
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322014
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322015
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322016
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322017
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322018
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322019
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322020
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322021
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322022
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322023
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322024
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322025
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322026
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322027
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322028
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322029
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322030
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322031
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322032
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322033
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322034
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322035
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322036
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322037
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322038
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322039
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322040
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322041
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322042
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322043
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322044
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322045
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322046
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322047
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322048
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322049
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322050
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322051
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322052
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322053
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322054
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322055
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322056
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322057
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322058
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322059
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322060
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322061
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322062
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322063
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322064
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322065
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322066
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322067
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322068
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322069
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322070
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322071
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322072
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322073
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322074
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322075
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322076
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322077
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322078
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322079
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322080
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322081
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322082
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322083
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322084
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322085
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322086
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322087
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322088
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322089
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322090
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322091
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322092
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322093
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322094
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322095
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322096
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322097
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322098
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322099
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322100
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322101
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322102
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322103
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322104
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322105
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322106
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322107
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322108
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322109
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322110
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322111
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322112
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322113
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322114
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322115
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322116
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322117
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322118
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322119
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322120
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322121
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322122
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322123
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322124
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322125
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322126
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322127
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322128
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322129
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322130
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322131
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322132
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322133
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322134
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322135
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322136
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322137
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322138
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322139
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322140
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322141
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322142
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322143
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322144
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322145
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322146
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322147
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322148
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322149
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322150
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322151
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322152
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322153
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322154
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322155
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322156
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322157
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322158
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322159
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322160
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322161
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322162
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322163
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322164
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322165
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322166
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322167
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322168
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322169
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322170
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322171
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322172
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322173
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322174
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322175
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322176
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322177
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322178
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322179
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322180
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322181
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322182
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322183
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322184
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322185
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322186
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322187
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322188
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322189
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322190
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322191
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322192
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322193
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322194
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322195
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322196
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322197
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322198
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322199
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322200
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322201
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322202
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322203
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322204
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322205
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322206
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322207
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322208
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322209
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322210
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322211
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322212
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322213
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322214
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322215
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322216
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322217
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322218
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322219
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322220
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322221
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322222
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322223
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322224
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322225
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322226
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322227
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322228
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322229
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322230
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322231
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322232
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322233
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322234
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322235
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322236
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322237
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322238
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322239
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322240
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322241
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322242
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322243
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322244
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322245
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322246
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322247
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322248
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322249
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322250
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322251
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322252
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322253
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322254
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322255
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322256
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322257
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322258
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322259
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322260
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322261
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322262
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322263
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322264
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322265
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322266
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322267
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322268
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322269
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322270
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322271
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322272
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322273
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322274
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322275
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322276
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322277
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322278
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322279
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322280
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322281
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322282
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322283
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322284
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322285
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322286
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322287
 * Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society 243322288
 * Behr D., and K. Colln. 1993. Zur ameisenfauna (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) von Gonnersdorf (Kr. Daun). Dendrocopos 20: 148-160.
 * Belskaya E., A. Gilev, and E. Belskii. 2017. Ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) diversity along a pollution gradient near the Middle Ural Copper Smelter, Russia. Environ Sci Pollut Res DOI 10.1007/s11356-017-8736-8
 * Bernadou A., G. Latil, V. Fourcassié, and X. Espadaler. 2006. Etude des communautés de fourmis d'une vallée andorrane. Union International pour l'Etude des Insectes Sociaux, Colloque annuel de la section francaise, 4pp.
 * Bernadou A., V. Fourcassié, and X. Espadaler. 2013. A preliminary checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Andorra. Zookeys 277: 13-23.
 * Bernadou A., X. Espadaler, A. Le Goff, and V. Fourcassie. 2015. Ant community organization along elevational gradients in a temperate ecosystem. Insect. Soc. 62:5971
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 * Buschinger A. 1975. Die ameisenfauna des Bausenberges, der nordostlichen Eifel und Voreifel (Hym., Formicidae) mit einer quantitativen Auswertung von Fallenfangen. Beitrage Landespflege Rhid-Pfalz Beiheft 4: 251-273.
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