Amblyoponinae

The subfamily Amblyoponinae contains 11 genera which are found throughout most of the world, although they are more common in tropical and forested regions. It is represented in Australia by five genera which are most abundant and diverse in coastal and heavily forested areas, the subfamily being largely absent from the dry interior. Of these five, two (Amblyopone and Prionopelta) are found essentially world-wide, one (Mystrium) is found in Africa and from India to Australia, one (Myopopone) occurs from India to Australia while the last (Onychomyrmex) is restricted to Far North Queensland. Some species can be locally common and regularly encountered while others are rarely seen.

Nests are in soil under rocks or logs or in rotten wood. Colonies are often composed of numerous small nests scattered over a small area. In some cases large central chambers are absent and the colony consists of many small satellite nests containing a few workers together with a small amount of brood (larvae and pupae).

In most genera workers are cryptic predators in soil and leaf litter and are seldom seen foraging on the surface of the ground. Some species show a strong preference for centipedes while others will feed on a range of soft-bodied arthropods. It is common in some groups for workers to bring their larvae to food sources rather than attempt to move especially large prey back to the nest. When disturbed most will move slowly underground or remain motionless.

One genus, Onychomyrmex, differs significantly from others in this subfamily. These uncommon ants have an army-ant life style. They alternate between temporary bivouacs in protected sites on the ground and semi-permanent nests in soil or in rotten logs. Groups of workers forage by forming distinct raiding columns across the surface of the ground and some species are known to be specialist predators on centipedes.

Identification
The petiole with distinct front and top faces but without a separate rear face, the rear section of the petiole being attached to the gaster by its entire height. The upper surfaces of the petiole and gaster separated by at most a shallow impression. The upper plate of the second segment of the gaster (second gastral tergite) only weakly arched and located in the middle of the gaster, the rear-most part of the gaster pointing rearward or directly down. The broad attachment of the petiole to the gaster combined with the presence of a relatively straight gaster will separate species of Amblyoponinae from those of other subfamilies.

Boudinot (2015) - The supraaxial helcium serves to distinguish both female and male Amblyoponinae, excluding Apomyrma and Opamyrma, from the majority of the Formicidae. Besides occurrence in the amblyoponines, the supraaxial state of the helcium is only developed in Acanthostichus (Dorylinae) and male Proceratium (Proceratiinae), and weakly in the workers of Martialis (Martialinae) and the male of Tatuidris (Agroecomyrmecinae). Males of three amblyoponine genera (Bannapone, Concoctio, and Opamyrma) remain unknown.

Genus richness
Genus richness by country based on regional taxon lists (countries with darker colours are more genus-rich).



Species richness
Species richness by country based on regional taxon lists (countries with darker colours are more species-rich).



Nomenclature
AMBLYOPONINAE [subfamily of Formicidae]
 * Amblyoponinae Forel, 1893a: 162 [as subfamily of Formicidae]. Type-genus: Amblyopone.
 * Amblyoponii: Emery, 1895c: 261 [as tribe of Ponerinae].
 * Amblyoponini: Ashmead, 1905b: 382 [emended spelling of suffix].
 * Amblyoponinae: Clark, 1951: 15 (in key) [as subfamily of Formicidae].
 * Amblyoponini: Brown, 1953c: 11 [as tribe of Ponerinae].
 * Amblyoponinae: Bolton, 2003: 41 [as subfamily of Formicidae].
 * Senior synonym of Examblyoponini: Brown, 1951: 102; of Reneini: Brown, 1953c: 11; of Ericapeltini and Onychomyrmicini: Bolton, 1994: 164; of Apomyrmini: Saux, Fisher & Spicer, 2004: 466.