Messor capitatus

A west-European ant, reported also from NW Africa (Rigato & Toni, 2011). However, Borowiec (2014) notes that this species needs taxonomic study as recently collected material showed that populations from the western part of the Mediterranean differ slightly from the eastern populations, suggesting that a complex of related species may be present.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Balearic Islands, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Portugal, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia, Spain.

Nomenclature

 * . Formica capitata Latreille, 1798: 46 (w.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
 * Type-locality: France: vic. Bordeaux (Latreille?).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Latreille, 1802c: 235 (q.); Mayr, 1855: 463 (m.).
 * Combination in Manica: Jurine, 1807: 279;
 * combination in Myrmica: Losana, 1834: 325;
 * combination in Atta: Latreille, 1809: 130; Leach, 1815: 147; Brullé, 1833: 327; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 173; Lucas, H. 1849: 300;
 * combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29;
 * combination in Stenamma (Messor): Forel, 1902a: 148;
 * combination in Aphaenogaster (Messor): Ruzsky, 1905b: 744;
 * combination in Messor: Emery, 1908e: 449.
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery, 1921f: 69; Emery, 1922c: 97; Emery, 1924b: 12; Kutter, 1927: 98.
 * Junior synonym of barbarus: Smith, F. 1858b: 162; Mayr, 1861: 66 (in key); Smith, F. 1861a: 35; Roger, 1863b: 29; Mayr, 1863: 395; Dours, 1873: 167; André, 1874: 203 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Nasonov, 1889: 37.
 * Subspecies of barbarus: Emery, 1891b: 12; Emery, in Dalla Torre, 1893: 100 (footnote); Emery, 1893c: 84; Forel, 1894d: 31; Forel, 1902a: 148; Forel, 1904b: 373; Forel, 1904c: 5; Forel, 1905b: 176; Ruzsky, 1905b: 744; Forel, 1906c: 190; Forel, 1907b: 204; Forel, 1907e: 15; Emery, 1908e: 449 (redescription); Forel, 1909c: 104; Forel, 1909e: 371; Karavaiev, 1910b: 62; Karavaiev, 1912a: 7; Emery, 1912f: 97; Emery, 1916b: 142; Stitz, 1917: 343; Santschi, 1919e: 244; Menozzi, 1922b: 326; Ruzsky, 1923: 4; Santschi, 1923f: 325; Finzi, 1924a: 13; Santschi, 1925g: 341; Santschi, 1926f: 286; Finzi, 1929: 80; Cori & Finzi, 1931: 238; Santschi, 1931a: 4; Santschi, 1932g: 3; Finzi, 1933: 163; Grandi, 1935: 100; Zimmermann, 1935: 17; Menozzi, 1936d: 276; Finzi, 1940: 159; Consani & Zangheri, 1952: 40; Ceballos, 1956: 301.
 * Status as species: Latreille, 1802c: 234; Jurine, 1807: 279; Latreille, 1809: 130; Leach, 1815: 147; Brullé, 1833: 327; Losana, 1834: 325; Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 173; Brullé, 1840: 84; Lucas, H. 1849: 300; Schenck, 1852: 135; Mayr, 1855: 462 (redescription); Nylander, 1856b: 83; Mayr, 1866b: 896; Dalla Torre, 1893: 101; Bondroit, 1918: 153; Lomnicki, 1925b: 2; Baroni Urbani, 1964b: 40; Baroni Urbani, 1964c: 150; Cagniant, 1966b: 279; Bernard, 1967: 147 (redescription); Baroni Urbani, 1968b: 427; Cagniant, 1968a: 143; Baroni Urbani, 1969a: 331; Collingwood & Yarrow, 1969: 62; Cagniant, 1970a: 416; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 57; Baroni Urbani, 1974: 232; Collingwood, 1978: 81 (in key); Bernard, 1980: 266; Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 425; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 54; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 271 (in key); Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990b: 156 (in key); De Haro & Collingwood, 1994: 99; Bolton, 1995b: 253; Mei, 1995: 761; Poldi, et al. 1995: 3; Espadaler, 1997b: 30; Cagniant & Espadaler, 1998: 423; Markó & Csösz, 2002: 116; Bračko, 2006: 137; Cagniant, 2006a: 197; Petrov, 2006: 93 (in key); Bračko, 2007: 17; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 489; Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 15; Karaman, M.G. 2011b: 36; Legakis, 2011: 9; Borowiec, L. & Salata, 2012: 512; Borowiec, L. 2014: 103; Bračko, et al. 2014: 14; Lebas, et al. 2016: 294.
 * Senior synonym of galbula: Emery, 1921f: 70; Bolton, 1995b: 253.
 * Senior synonym of huberiana: Emery, 1921f: 70; Bolton, 1995b: 253.
 * Senior synonym of nigra: Menozzi, 1921: 26; Emery, 1922c: 97; Finzi, 1924a: 13; Finzi, 1929: 80; Cori & Finzi, 1931: 238; Zimmermann, 1935: 17; Bernard, 1967: 147; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 58; Collingwood, 1978: 68; Bolton, 1995b: 253; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 489.
 * Distribution: Algeria, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, France (+ Corsica), Greece, Italy (+ Sardinia, Sicily), Macedonia, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain (+ Balearics), Tunisia.
 * Current subspecies: nominal plus nigricans Santschi, 1929f.
 * galbula. Myrmica galbula Losana, 1834: 326, pl. 36, fig. 5 (w.) ITALY.
 * Type-material: holotype (?) worker.
 * [Note: no indication of number of specimens is given.]
 * Type-locality: Italy: Piedmont (M. Losana).
 * Type-depository: unknown (no material is known to exist).
 * [Note: author not mentioned in Horn & Kahle, 1935: 159.]
 * Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29.
 * Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 109.
 * Junior synonym of barbarus: Roger, 1863b: 29; Emery & Forel, 1879: 461.
 * Junior synonym of capitatus: Emery, 1921f: 70; Bolton, 1995b: 254.
 * huberiana. Formica huberiana Leach, 1825: 290 (w.q.m.) FRANCE.
 * Type-material: syntype worker(s), syntype queen(s), syntype male(s) (numbers not stated).
 * Type-localities: Switzerland: northern Switzerland (“Habitat in Helvetia Boreali”) (W.E. Leach), France: Risso, nr Nice (W.E. Leach).
 * Type-depository: unknown (in BMNH, according to Horn & Kahle, 1935: 151).
 * Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 29.
 * Junior synonym of barbarus: Roger, 1863b: 29; Mayr, 1863: 395; Emery & Forel, 1879: 461; Dalla Torre, 1893: 100.
 * Junior synonym of capitatus: Emery, 1921f: 70; Bolton, 1995b: 254.
 * nigra. Aphaenogaster barbara var. nigra André, 1883b: 355 (w.q.) FRANCE (mainland, Corsica), ITALY (mainland, Sardinia, Sicily), ALGERIA.
 * Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens (numbers not stated).
 * Type-localities: France: (+ Corsica) (no further data), Italy: (+ Sardinia, Sicily) (no further data), Algeria (no further data).
 * Type-depository: MNHN.
 * Emery, 1908e: 447 (m.).
 * Combination in Stenamma (Messor): Ruzsky, 1902d: 28;
 * combination in Messor: Emery, 1908e: 446.
 * As unavailable (infrasubspecific) name: Emery, 1891b: 12; Emery, 1908e: 446; Emery, 1912f: 97; Emery, 1914d: 156; Emery, 1915a: 245; Emery, 1916b: 142; Menozzi, 1918: 82; Soudek, 1925b: 15.
 * Subspecies of barbarus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 100; Ruzsky, 1902d: 28; Emery, 1908d: 23; Forel, 1909c: 104; Forel, 1909e: 379; Forel, 1911d: 346; Krausse, 1912b: 164; Müller, 1923b: 63.
 * Junior synonym of capitatus: Menozzi, 1921: 26; Emery, 1922c: 97; Finzi, 1924a: 13; Finzi, 1929: 80; Cori & Finzi, 1931: 238; Zimmermann, 1935: 17; Bernard, 1967: 147; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 58; Collingwood, 1978: 68; Bolton, 1995b: 255; Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009: 489.

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