Proceratium numidicum

Very little is known about the biology of this species. Its known distribution is very scattered across several countries of the southern and eastern Mediterranean, but given the general rarity of all species in this genus much remains to be discovered (Taheri & Reyes-Lopez, 2023).

Identification
A member of the silaceum clade and resembling to Proceratium japonicum, but differing from it, in the worker and gyne, by the broader frontal carinae, narrower petiole and more superficial sculpture.

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey.

Nomenclature

 * . Proceratium numidicum Santschi, 1912f: 172, figs. 1, 2 (w.q.) TUNISIA.
 * Type-material: 20 syntype workers, 1 syntype queen.
 * Type-locality: Tunisia: Ain-Draham (Normand).
 * Type-depositories: MSNG, NHMB, USNM.
 * [Genus misspelled as Procetum in heading, misspelled as Proceratum in figure captions.]
 * Status as species: Brown, 1958g: 248, 334; Brown, 1980b: 343; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 53; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 264 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 366; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 363 (redescription); Petrov, 2006: 83 (in key); Lapeva-Gjonova, et al. 2010: 6; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 29; Borowiec, L. 2014: 150; Lebas, et al. 2016: 408; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 48.
 * Senior synonym of normandi: Brown, 1974a: 82; Baroni Urbani, 1977d: 93; Bolton, 1995b: 366; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 363.
 * Distribution: Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Tunisia, Turkey.
 * normandi. Proceratium normandi Santschi, 1929e: 138 (w.q.) ALGERIA.
 * Type-material: 6 syntype workers, 1 syntype queen.
 * Type-locality: Algeria (not Tunisia): La Caille (= El Kala) (Normand).
 * Type-depository: NHMB.
 * Status as species: Brown, 1958g: 248, 334.
 * Junior synonym of numidicum: Brown, 1974a: 82; Baroni Urbani, 1977d: 93; Bolton, 1995b: 366; Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003b: 363.

Worker
Baroni Urbani and de Andrade (2003) - Head almost as broad is long and with gently convex sides. Vertex in full face view weakly convex. Clypeus reduced and as long as the antennal socket. Anterior border of the clypeus truncate. Frontal carinae far from each other, partly covering the antennal insertions. Lateral expansions of the frontal carinae broad, little raised, strongly diverging on the two anterior fourths, converging on the third fourth, subparallel and carinate only on the last fourth. Frontal area gently concave on the three anterior fourths, with a central longitudinal carina starting from the last fourth and prolonging posteriorly. Head anterolaterally with a thick, short, longitudinal carina. Genal carinae marked, each carina corresponding to the external border of a deep sulcus. Eyes visible as a dark dot below the integument, small and on the middle of the head sides. First funicular joint slightly longer than broad. Funicular joints 2-10 broader than long. Last funicular joint as long as the sum of joints 7-10. Scapes short of the vertexal margin and gently thickening apically. Masticatory margin of the mandibles with 7-9 denticles before the pointed apical tooth. Palp formula 2,2.

Mesosoma in side view convex anteriorly, declivous posteriorly and shorter than maximum head length (mandibles included). Pronotal and propodeal sutures absent. Basal face of the propodeurn declivous posteriorly. Declivous face of the propodeum flat. Area between basal and declivous faces of the propodeum concave, dorsally carinate and laterally with a small tooth. Sides of the declivous face of the propodeum carinate. Propodeal spiracle round and above mid height in lateral view.

Petiole subrectangular and slightly narrow. Anterior border of the petiole straight and anterolaterally carinate. Ventral process of the petiole lamellaceous and directed backwards. Postpetiolar sternite anteromedially with a marked subtriangular projection, gently convex posteriorly in side view. Constriction between postpetiole and gaster impressed. Gastral tergite I about 1/3 longer than the postpetiole and convex on the curvature. Posterior border of the gastral tergite I thick and irregular. Remaining gastral tergites and sternites curved ventrally.

Legs not very short. All tibiae with a pectinate spur. Spurs of fore legs without basal spine. Fore basitarsi longer than the mid ones. Hind basitarsi about 1/4 shorter than hind tibiae. Second tarsomere of hind legs shorter than pretarsus. Pretarsal claws simple. Arolia absent.

Sculpture. Head reticulate-punctate and rugulose; sides of the head with broad reticulation and rugosities. Mesosoma, petiole and postpetiole sparsely granulopunctate, this sculpture sparser and smaller on the anterior half of the mesosoma and on the center of the postpetiole; in addition the posterior half of the mesosoma with irregular, short rugosities. Gaster smooth and with minute piligerous punctures, the punctures denser on the sides. Legs punctate.

Body covered by hairs of three main types: (1) short, dense, suberect or subdecumbent on the whole body, suberect and sparse on the funicular joints; (2) longer than type (1), erect on the whole body, sparser on the scapes, absent on the funiculi; (3) shorter than hair type (1), dense and decumbent on the funicular joints only. In addition the funicular joints bear whitish, thick, appressed, sparse hairs.

Colour. Dark ferrugineous-brown with slightly lighter antennae and legs. Some specimens with a dark brown macula on the posterior half of the head dorsum.

Measurements in mm and Indices: TL 3.03-3.29; HL 0.71-0.75; HW 0.69-0.72; EL 0.03-0.04; SL 0.46-0.48; WL 0.82-0.90; PeL 0.18-0.21; PeW 0.27-0.29; HFeL 0.52-0.56; HTiL 0.42-0.45; HBaL 0.32-0.36; LS4 0.39-0.40; LT4 0.68-0.72; CI 95.8-96.0; SI 63.9-64.8; IGR 0.54-0.58.

Queen
Baroni Urbani and de Andrade (2003) - Differing from the worker in the following details: eyes large, slightly more than 1/4 of the hcad length, composed by many facets and with ocular pilosity. Ocelli well developed.

Mesosoma robust and convex in side view. Parapsidal furrows marked. Scutellum with the sides gently convex and with the posterior border subtruncate. Dorsum of the sculellum with a longitudinal carina prolonging to the posterior half of the mesonotum. Metanotum with a pointed tooth. Basal face of the propodeum medially concave. Area between basal and declivous faces of the propodeum carinate and with a small tooth on each side.

Head sculpture more impressed and larger. Postpetiole reticulate.

Measurements in mm and Indices: TL 3.98-4.08; HL 0.79-0.82; HW 0.81 -0.83; EL 0.23-0.24; SL 0.52-0.54; WL 1.10- 1.16; PeL 0.23-0.27; PeW 0.36-0.40; HFeL 0.68-0.70; HTiL 0.52-0.55; WBaL 0.44-0.45; LS4 0.49-0.55; LT4 0.88-0.96; CI 101.2-102.5; ST 65.0-65.8; IGR 0.55-0.57.

Type Material
Baroni Urbani and de Andrade (2003) : 8 Type locality: Ain Draham, Tunisia. Type material: 12 syntype workers and one syntype gyne partially labelled: "Tunisie, A. Draham, Dr. Normand, Proceratium numidicum Sants., type, in (10 workers and 1 gyne),  (1 worker),  (1 worker)" examined.

Proceratium normandi Type locality: El Kala, Tunisia. Type material: 5 syntype workers and one syntype gyne labelled: "C. -La Calle, Dr. Normand, Proceratium normandi Sants., Santschi det. 1929, in NHMB", examined.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Agosti, D. and C.A. Collingwood. 1987. A provisional list of the Balkan ants (Hym. Formicidae) and a key to the worker caste. I. Synonymic list. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 60: 51-62
 * Baroni Urbani C. 1977. Les espèces européennes du genre Proceratium Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 50: 91-93.
 * Baroni Urbani C., and M.L de Andrade. 2003. The ant genus Proceratium in the extant and fossil record (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Monografie 36: 1-480.
 * Baroni Urbani, C., and M. L. de Andrade. "The ant genus Proceratium in the extant and fossil record." Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali-Torino Monografie (2003): 1-492.
 * Borowiec L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2): 1-340.
 * Brown W. L., Jr. 1974. A remarkable new island isolate in the genus Proceratium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Camb.) 81: 70-83.
 * Brown W. L., Jr. 1980. A remarkable new species of Proceratium, with dietary and other notes on the genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Camb.) 86: 337-346.
 * IZIKO South Africa Museum Collection
 * Legakis Collection Database
 * Santschi F. 1929. Fourmis du Maroc, d'Algerie et de Tunisie. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belge 69: 138-165.
 * Santschi, F. 1912. Nouvelles fourmis de Tunisie, récoltées par le Dr Normand. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 3: 172-175.
 * Santschi, F. "Fourmis du Maroc, d'Algérie et de Tunisie." Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique (Bruxelles) 69 (1929): 138-165.
 * Santschi, F. "Nouvelles fourmis de Tunisie récoltées par le Dr. Normand." Bulletin de la Société d' Histoire naturelle de l' Afrique du Nord 3 (1912): 172-175.
 * Schifani E., and A. Alicata. 2018. Exploring the myrmecofauna of Sicily: thirty-two new ant species recorded, including six new to Italy and many new aliens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 87 (4): 323–348.