Pheidole browni

Longino (1997) reports that browni nests in soil or in dead wood on the ground in wet forest. The species is captured frequently in Winkler samples. Longino observed a raid on a colony by Simopelta in the Braulio Carillo National Park at 1100 m elevation, in dense second-growth forest along a stream bank. Stefan Cover (personal communication) located five colonies in primary and secondary lowland rainforest at the type locality, nesting on the forest floor in rotten sticks and, in a single case, a rotten nut husk. Some of the colonies were spread over more than one nest site, and four of the five nests contained seed caches. Winged queens were present in nests at La Selva in March. (Wilson 2003)

Identification
See the description in the nomenclature section.

Distribution
Atlantic slope of Costa Rica up to 1100 m (Longino 1997).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua.

Worker
Minor

Nomenclature

 *  browni. Pheidole browni Wilson, 2003: 385, figs. (s.w.) COSTA RICA.

Description
A small, light reddish (major) or dark yellow (minor) member of the flavens group.

Major: distinguished by an elongated head, shallow antennal scrobes, 3-lobed promesonotum in dorsal-oblique view, large propodeal spines, and foveolate and opaque dorsal head surface.

Minor: propodeal spines long and thin; humerus in dorsal-oblique view toothed; dorsal head surface foveolate and opaque; eyes very large, anteriorly tapered.

Similar to Pheidole casta, Pheidole mera, Pheidole olsoni, Pheidole prolixa, Pheidole protensa, but easily distinguished by the traits listed above.

MEASUREMENTS (mm) Holotype major: HW 0.64, HL 0.76, SL 0.34, EL 0.12, PW 0.40. Paratype minor: HW 0.36, HL 0.38, SL 0.32, EL 0.10, PW 0.26.

COLOR Major: concolorous light reddish yellow, with only a slight tinge of red.

Minor: concolorous dark yellow.



'''Figure. Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. Scale bars = 1 mm.'''

Type Material
COSTA RICA: La Selva Biological Station, near Puerto Viejo, Heredia, col. Stefan Cover.

Etymology
Named in memory of William L. Brown, pioneering systematist of the world ant fauna.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

 * Dattilo W. et al. 2019. MEXICO ANTS: incidence and abundance along the Nearctic-Neotropical interface. Ecology https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2944
 * Longino J. T. 2013. Ants of Nicargua. Consulted on 18 Jan 2013. https://sites.google.com/site/longinollama/reports/ants-of-nicaragua
 * Longino J. T. L., and M. G. Branstetter. 2018. The truncated bell: an enigmatic but pervasive elevational diversity pattern in Middle American ants. Ecography 41: 1-12.
 * Longino J. T., J. Coddington, and R. K. Colwell. 2002. The ant fauna of a tropical rain forest: estimating species richness three different ways. Ecology 83: 689-702.
 * Longino J. et al. ADMAC project. Accessed on March 24th 2017 at https://sites.google.com/site/admacsite/
 * Ottonetti L., L. Tucci, F. Frizzi, G. Chelazzi, and G. Santini. 2010. Changes in ground-foraging ant assemblages along a disturbance gradient in a tropical agricultural landscape. Ethology Ecology & Evolution 22: 7386.
 * Smith M. A., W. Hallwachs, D. H. Janzen. 2014. Diversity and phylogenetic community structure of ants along a Costa Rican elevational gradient. Ecography 37(8): 720-731.