Cephalotes

Identification
Key to Cephalotes Species

Nomenclature

 *  CEPHALOTES [Myrmicinae: Cephalotini]
 * Cephalotes Latreille, 1802a: 357. Type-species: Formica atrata, by monotypy.
 * [Type-species not Formica cephalotes, unjustified subsequent designation by Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 160; corrected by Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 78.]
 * Cephalotes junior synonym of Cryptocerus: Fabricius, 1804: 419.
 * Cephalotes senior synonym of Cryptocerus: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 78; Smith, M.R. 1949c: 19; Kempf, 1951: 107.
 * Cephalotes senior synonym of Eucryptocerus, †Exocryptocerus, Zacryptocerus (and its junior synonyms Cyathocephalus, Cyathomyrmex, Harnedia, Hypocryptocerus, Paracryptocerus): De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 59.
 * CRYPTOCERUS [junior synonym of Cephalotes]
 * Cryptocerus Latreille, 1803: 311. Type-species: Formica atrata, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 437.
 * [Type-species not Cryptocerus umbraculatus, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1914c: 38; repeated in Emery, 1924d: 305.]
 * Cryptocerus junior synonym of Cephalotes: Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 78; Smith, M.R. 1949c: 19; see also discussion in Kempf, 1951: 105. [Cephalotes and Cryptocerus share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
 * CYATHOMYRMEX [junior synonym of Cephalotes]
 * Cyathomyrmex Creighton, 1933: 100 [as subgenus of Cryptocerus]. Replacement name for Cyathocephalus Emery, above. [Junior homonym of Cyathocephalus Kessler, 1868: 135 (Cestoda).]
 * Cyathomyrmex subgenus of Paracryptocerus: Smith, M.R. 1949c: 21.
 * Cyathomyrmex junior synonym of Paracryptocerus: Kempf, 1972a: 175.
 * Cyathomyrmex junior synonym of Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 59.
 * EUCRYPTOCERUS [junior synonym of Cephalotes]
 * Eucryptocerus Kempf, 1951: 127. Type-species: Cryptocerus oculatus, by original designation.
 * Eucryptocerus junior synonym of Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 59.
 * †EXOCRYPTOCERUS [junior synonym of Cephalotes]
 * †Exocryptocerus Vierbergen & Scheven, 1995: 159. Type-species: †Exocryptocerus serratus, by original designation.
 * †Exocryptocerus junior synonym of Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 59.
 * HARNEDIA [junior synonym of Cephalotes]
 * Harnedia Smith, M.R. 1949c: 20 [as subgenus of Paracryptocerus]. Type-species: Cryptocerus umbraculatus, by original designation.
 * Harnedia junior synonym of Paracryptocerus: Kempf, 1972a: 175.
 * Harnedia junior synonym of Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 59.
 * HYPOCRYPTOCERUS [junior synonym of Cephalotes]
 * Hypocryptocerus Wheeler, W.M. 1920: 53 [as subgenus of Cryptocerus]. Type-species: Formica haemorrhoidalis, by original designation.
 * Hypocryptocerus raised to genus: Wheeler, W.M. 1936b: 200.
 * Hypocryptocerus junior synonym of Zacryptocerus: Kempf, 1973c: 460.
 * Hypocryptocerus junior synonym of Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 59.
 * PARACRYPTOCERUS [junior synonym of Cephalotes]
 * Paracryptocerus Emery, 1915i: 192 [as subgenus of Cryptocerus]. Type-species: Cryptocerus spinosus, by original designation.
 * Paracryptocerus raised to genus: Smith, M.R. 1949c: 20; Kempf, 1951: 153.
 * Paracryptocerus senior synonym of Cyathocephalus (homonym), Cyathomyrmex, Harnedia: Kempf, 1972a: 175.
 * Paracryptocerus junior synonym of Zacryptocerus: Kempf, 1973c: 460.
 * Paracryptocerus junior synonym of Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 59.
 * ZACRYPTOCERUS [junior synonym of Cephalotes]
 * Zacryptocerus Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 175 (see also footnote). Type-species: Cryptocerus clypeatus, by original designation.
 * [Zacryptocerus Ashmead, 1905b: 384. Nomen nudum. (Based on a non-existent type-species: Cryptocerus multistrigus. Nomen nudum, attributed to Smith, F.).]
 * Zacryptocerus senior synonym of Hypocryptocerus, Paracryptocerus (and its junior synonyms Cyathomyrmex, Cyathocephalus (homonym), Harnedia): Kempf, 1973c: 460.
 * Zacryptocerus junior synonym of Cephalotes: De Andrade & Baroni Urbani, 1999: 59.

Additional References

 * Hespenheide, H.A. 1986.  Mimicry of ants of the genus Zacryptocerus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).  Journal of the New York Entomological Society 94: 394-408.