Dolichoderus debilis

Identification
Color black; mesosomal dorsum with abundant delicate erect setae; scapes lacking erect setae; dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum meeting at rounded angle and not produced as a projecting flange; face and mesosomal dorsum sublucid; pronotum transverse, with spiniform humeri (Jack Longino).

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Neotropical Region: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Biology
MacKay (1993): This species is usually collected in wet forest. It is a timid ant which nests in twigs, branches, trunks and fence posts, often in a faculative association with Crematogaster carinata (Swain, 1977, 1980). Nests are found in termitaria of Nasutitermes ephratae, N. corniger, and N. columbicus (Wheeler, 1936; Swain, 1977). Workers are found at extrafloral nectaries of Catostemma (Bombacaceae) (Lattke, 1986). It tends coccids and membracids. A single female was collected in March (Costa Rica - LACM). It is occasionally collected in quarantine on banana debris.

Jack Longino: Dolichoderus debilis has been reported on numerous occasions nesting together with other species of ants. Forel (1898) observed Dolichoderus debilis and Crematogaster carinata (as C. limata parabiotica) inhabiting the same nest in Colombia, and coined the term parabiosis to describe the phenomenon of mutual nest sharing. Wheeler (1921) made similar observations. Davidson has multiple observations of parabiotic foraging between D. debilis and C. carinata in Peru (pers. comm.). Her studies indicate that, unlike many other species of Dolichoderus, D. debilis has no chemical defences and has lost them because of its parabiotic associations with other strongly defended ants.

At Carara Biological Reserve in Costa Rica, I observed a parabiotic association between D. debilis and C. carinata. Nests of both species were interdigitated in a cluster of dead branches. The nests of the two species were contiguous, with interconnections among chambers, but they were still largely segregated. In general the Crematogaster occupied smaller and more peripheral chambers, while the Dolichoderus occupied larger chambers in the center of the branches. In some peripheral chambers I found workers of both species together, but these chambers never contained brood. Any chamber with brood always contained only one species.

While this species is known to nest in ant gardens it does not seem to be a true ant-garden taxon (i.e., one that is able to initiate ant gardens or is restricted to ant gardens) and is more likely to be a secondary resident or opportunistic ant-garden nester (Campbell et al., 2022; Madison, 1979; Orivel & Leroy, 2011).

Nomenclature

 *  debilis. Dolichoderus debilis Emery, 1890a: 69 (w.) VENEZUELA. Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1951: 176 (l.). Combination in D. (Monacis): Emery, 1894c: 228; in Monacis: Kempf, 1959b: 247; in Hypoclinea: Lattke, 1987b: 264; in Dolichoderus: Shattuck, 1992c: 77. Senior synonym of parabiotica, sieversi: Kempf, 1959b: 247. See also: Mackay, 1993b: 47.
 * sieversi. Dolichoderus debilis var. sieversi Forel, 1901h: 65 (w.) VENEZUELA. Combination in D. (Monacis): Emery, 1913a: 9. Junior synonym of debilis: Kempf, 1959b: 247.
 * parabiotica. Dolichoderus debilis var. parabiotica Forel, 1912h: 33 (w.q.m.) COLOMBIA. Junior synonym of debilis: Kempf, 1959b: 247.

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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