Tetramorium carinatum

Tetramorium carinatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Crematogastrini
Genus:	Tetramorium
Species:	T. carinatum
Binomial name
Tetramorium carinatum (Smith, F., 1859) Specimen Labels
Synonyms
Xiphomyrmex aruensis Karavaiev, 1935 Xiphomyrmex costatus Emery, 1897 Xiphomyrmex costatus deficiens Emery, 1897 Xiphomyrmex costatus flavescens Emery, 1897

Collections have been made in rainforest from wood (dead branch, rotting wood).

Identification

Bolton (1977) - The species most closely related to carinatum is Tetramorium aspersum, and their relationship appears to be close indeed. They are separable on details of cephalic sculpture which appear to be consistent and by the fact that they seem to be mutually exclusive as regards their respective ranges. Although this is based on relatively little material it is interesting to note that the known range of carinatum includes Sulawesi, New Guinea and the Aru Is whilst that of aspersum tends to be more easterly, occurring in the Philippines, Morotai I., Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Is.

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: -1.966167° to -10.444°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Indo-Australian Region: Indonesia (type locality), New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Castes

Worker

Images from AntWeb

Syntype of Xiphomyrmex costatus. Worker. Specimen code casent0904800. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Syntype of Xiphomyrmex costatus flavescens. Worker. Specimen code casent0904801. Photographer Z. Lieberman, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by MSNG, Genoa, Italy.

Lectotype of Tetramorium carinatum. Worker. Specimen code casent0901375. Photographer Will Ericson, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by OUM, Oxford, UK.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• carinatum. Myrmica carinata Smith, F. 1859a: 148 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Combination in Xiphomyrmex: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 455; in Tetramorium: Bolton, 1977: 86. Senior synonym of aruensis, costatus, deficiens, flavescens: Bolton, 1977: 86.
• costatus. Xiphomyrmex costatus Emery, 1897c: 587, pl. 15, fig. 26 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of carinatum: Bolton, 1977: 86.
• deficiens. Xiphomyrmex costatus subsp. deficiens Emery, 1897c: 588 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Junior synonym of carinatum: Bolton, 1977: 86.
• flavescens. Xiphomyrmex costatus subsp. flavescens Emery, 1897c: 588 (w.) NEW GUINEA. Mann, 1919: 348 (m.). Junior synonym of carinatum: Bolton, 1977: 86.
• aruensis. Xiphomyrmex aruensis Karavaiev, 1935a: 105, fig. 24 (w.) INDONESIA (Aru I.). Junior synonym of carinatum: Bolton, 1977: 86.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Bolton (1977) - TL 3.9-4.6, HL 0.92-1.00, HW 0.82-0.90, CI 86-93, SL 0.94-1.04, SI 109-119, PW 0.64-0.74, AL 1.16-1.24 (20 measured).

Mandibles usually very feebly striate, more rarely smooth. Antennal sea pes elongate, projecting beyond the occipital border when laid back in full-face view and with SI> 105. Antennal scrobes reduced to an impression bounded above by the frontal carinae and below by a strong longitudinal ruga but appearing quite distinctive as they lack any sculpture to the level of the posterior margin of the eye. Propodeal spines quite short (Fig. 3), generally feebly upcurved along their length. Metapleural lobes dentiform, usually narrow and acute but more rarely triangular. Peduncle of petiole long, the node in profile high and narrow. Sculpture on dorsum of head sparse, consisting anteriorly of a few longitudinal, widely spaced and strongly defined carina-like rugae. Posteriorly on the dorsum, behind the level of the eyes, these rugae tend to branch and to form cross-meshes so that a very loose and open rugoreticulum is present. The spaces between all these rugulae are smooth and unsculptured. Dorsal alitrunk loosely reticulate-rugose, the pedicel and gaster unsculptured. Colour uniform yellowish brown to light brown, often with the head and gaster darker in shade than the alitrunk.

Type Material

Bolton (1977) - LECTOTYPE worker, Indonesia: Aru Is (A. R. Wallace) (Oxford University Museum of Natural History), here designated [examined].

The following notes on V.A. Karavaiev type specimens have been provided by Martynov & Radchenko (2016) based on material held in the Institute of Zoology, Ukrainian Academy of Science:

Xiphomyrmex aruensis Karawajew, 1935.

Type locality(-ies): “Wammar, Aroe Archipel, 9.III.1913, W. Karawajew, Nr. 2567, Kolonie in eimen morschen Baumstamm, zahlreiche ww”.

Original Karawajew label(-s): “2567”.

Material: SYNTYPES, 11 w (newly mounted, IN 314/6/1), 128 w (in alcohol, IN 314/BAMS1/Karaw55).

References

• Bolton, B. 1977. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology. 36:67-151. (page 86, Combination in Tetramorium, Senior synonym of aruensis, costatus, deficiens and flavescens:)
• Donisthorpe, H. 1932c. On the identity of Smith's types of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Alfred Russell Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, with descriptions of two new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 10(10): 441-476 (page 455, Combination in Xiphomyrmex)
• Emery, C. 1897c. Formicidarum species novae vel minus cognitae in collectione Musaei Nationalis Hungarici quas in Nova-Guinea, colonia germanica, collegit L. Biró. Természetr. Füz. 20: 571-599.
• Martynov, A.V., Radchenko, A.G. 2016. Karawajew's ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Zootaxa 4097 (2): 244–254.
• Radchenko, A.G., Fisher, B.L., Esteves, F.A., Martynova, E.V., Bazhenova, T.N., Lasarenko, S.N. 2023. Ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the collection of Volodymyr Opanasovych Karawajew. Communication 1. Dorylinae, Poneromorpha and Pseudomyrmecinae. Zootaxa, 5244(1), 1–32 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5244.1.1).
• Smith, F. 1859a. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the islands of Aru and Key. [part]. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool. 3: 132-158 (page 148, worker described)

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Bolton B. 1977. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 36:67-151.
• Bolton, B. "The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicinae. The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions and in Australia." Bulletin of the British Museum (National History): Entomology series 36, no. 2 (1977): 68-151.
• CSIRO Collection
• Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
• Donisthorpe H. 1948. A third instalment of the Ross Collection of ants from New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11)14: 589-604.
• Donisthorpe H. 1949. A fifth instalment of the Ross Collection of ants from New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (12)1: 487-506.
• Emery C. 1897. Formicidarum species novae vel minus cognitae in collectione Musaei Nationalis Hungarici quas in Nova-Guinea, colonia germanica, collegit L. Biró. Természetrajzi Füzetek 20: 571-599.
• Janda M., G. D. Alpert, M. L. Borowiec, E. P. Economo, P. Klimes, E. Sarnat, and S. O. Shattuck. 2011. Cheklist of ants described and recorded from New Guinea and associated islands. Available on http://www.newguineants.org/. Accessed on 24th Feb. 2011.
• Karavaiev V. 1935. Neue Ameisen aus dem Indo-Australischen Gebiet, nebst Revision einiger Formen. Treubia 15: 57-118.
• Mann W. M. 1919. The ants of the British Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63:273-391.
• Mann William. 1916. The Ants of the British Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 63(7): 273-391
• Mann, W.M. 1919. The ants of the British Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard College 63: 273-391
• Martynov A. V., and A. G. Radchenko. 2016. Karawajew’s ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Zootaxa 4097 (2): 244–254.
• Viehmeyer H. 1912. Ameisen aus Deutsch Neuguinea gesammelt von Dr. O. Schlaginhaufen. Nebst einem Verzeichnisse der papuanischen Arten. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologische-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden 14: 1-26.
• Wheeler W.M. 1935. Check list of the ants of Oceania. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum 11(11):1-56.
• Wheeler, William Morton. 1934. Formicidae of the Templeton Crocker Expedition, 1933. California Academy of Sciences. 21(14):173-181.
• Wheeler, William Morton.1935.Checklist of the Ants of Oceania.Occasional Papers 11(11): 3-56