Formica
Formica Temporal range: 48.6–0 Ma Eocene – Recent | |
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Formica rufa | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Formicini |
Genus: | Formica Linnaeus, 1758 |
Type species | |
Formica rufa | |
Diversity | |
283 species 69 fossil species (Species Checklist, Species by Country) | |
Synonyms | |
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A large holarctic genus that are common in many northern temperate areas. For many reasons this genus as a whole has many well studied species. The taxonomy is fractured into many smaller subdivisions (both subgenera and species groups; see Formica species groups), many of which have no official taxonomic designation and are poorly delineated. In some cases older group names have been replaced by newer names, and new arrangements of species, but the older groups remain in use by some myrmecologists and not others.
Photo Gallery
Identification
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See images of species within this genus |
Keys including this Genus
- Key to Ant Genera of the Navajo Reservation
- Key to North American Genera of Formicinae
- Key to the Ant Genera of New Mexico
Keys to Species in this Genus
- Key to US Formica pallidefulva group species
- Key to Nearctic species in the Formica rufa group
- Key to Formica subgenus Coptoformica workers of Europe
- Key to Formica subgenus Coptoformica queens of Europe
- Key to Formica rufibarbis group
- Key to Formica cinerea group
- Key to Nearctic Formica fusca group males
- Key to Nearctic Formica fusca group queens
- Key to Nearctic Formica fusca group workers
- Key to New England Formica
- Key to Palaearctic Formica rufa group species
- Key to Palaearctic species in the Formica rufa group
- Key to subgenera of Formica of Greece
- Key to Formica species of the subgenus Formica of Greece
- Key to Formica species of the subgenus Serviformica of Greece
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 98 | 33 | 21 | 113 |
Total Species | 2841 | 1736 | 3045 | 932 | 835 | 4379 | 1741 | 2862 |
Fossils
Fossils are known from: Aix-en-Provence, France (Late Oligocene), Auxillac, Auvergne, France (Early Oligocene), Baltic amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Bitterfeld amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Bolshaya Svetlovodnaya, Sikhote-Alin, Russia (Priabonian, Late Eocene), Bournemouth, Dorset, U.K. (Bartonian, Middle Eocene), Danish-Scandinavian amber (Bartonian, Middle to Late Eocene), Florissant, Colorado, United States (Late Eocene), Joursac, Auvergne, France (Late Miocene), Kishenehn Formation shale, Montana, United States (Lutetian, Middle Eocene), Kleinkems, Germany (Early Oligocene), Lac Chambon, Auvergne, France (Pliocene), Mokrina (Krottensee), Czech Republic (Late Burdigalian, Early Miocene), Oeningen, Switzerland (Messinian, Late Miocene), Ormety, Georgia (Serravallian, Miocene), Quesnel, British Columbia, Canada (Early Miocene?), Radoboj, Croatia (Burdigalian, Early Miocene), Rovno amber, Baltic Sea region, Europe (Priabonian, Late Eocene), Rott, Westphalia, Germany (Late Oligocene), Shanwang, China (Early Miocene), Mossy Creek, near Wellborn, Texas, United States (Late Eocene).
Biology
Subgeneric Phylogentics Romiguier et al. (2018) "resolved the phylogenetic relationships among palearctic Formica subgenera (Formica str. s., Coptoformica, Raptiformica and Serviformica). Interestingly, our phylogenetic tree reveals that the free-living Serviformica species do not form a monophyletic clade, and that parasitic colony founding in wood ants and Raptiformica slave-makers is likely to have a single origin. Our results suggest that parasitic colony founding is likely to be an intermediary step between free-living hosts and slave-maker parasites in the Formica genus. Similar studies in other genera containing slave-making species (e.g. Temnothorax, Harpagoxenus, Myrmoxenus, Protomognathus…) will be necessary to get a better global picture of the evolution of slave-making in ants."
Association with Other Organisms
Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Species Uncertain
- An unknown species is a xenobiont for the ant Strumigenys pergandei (a xenobiont) in United States (Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1905) (In soil).
- An unknown species is a host for the braconid wasp Elasmosoma vigilans (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
- An unknown species is a host for the braconid wasp Elasmosoma berolinense (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
- An unknown species is a associate (details unknown) for the ichneumonid wasp Pseomachus sp. (a associate (details unknown)) (Quevillon, 2018).
- An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Eucharis adscendens (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
- An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Eucharis esakii (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
- An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Eucharis adscendens (a parasite) (Universal Chalcidoidea Database) (primary host).
- An unknown species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Eucharis esakii (a parasite) (Universal Chalcidoidea Database) (primary host).
- An unknown species is a host for the fungus Beauveria bassiana (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest).
- An unknown species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps subunilateralis (a pathogen) (Shrestha et al. 2017).
- An unknown species is a host for the nematode Diploscapter lycostoma (a parasite) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest).
- An unknown species is a host for the nematode Diploscapter lycostoma (a parasite) (Wahab, 1962).
- An unknown species is a prey for the tiger beetle Cicindela tranquebarica (a predator) in United States (Valenti & Gaimari, 2000; Polidori et al., 2020).
- An unknown species is a prey for the tiger beetle Cicindelidia marginipennis (a predator) in United States (Valenti & Gaimari, 2000; Polidori et al., 2020).
All Associate Records for Genus
Taxon | Relationship | Associate Type | Associate Taxon | Associate Relationship | Locality | Source | Notes |
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Formica | associate (details unknown) | ichneumonid wasp | Pseomachus sp. | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma berolinense | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma vigilans | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis adscendens | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | primary host | |
Formica | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis adscendens | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis esakii | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | primary host | |
Formica | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis esakii | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica | host | fungus | Beauveria bassiana | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica | host | fungus | Ophiocordyceps subunilateralis | pathogen | Shrestha et al. 2017 | ||
Formica | host | nematode | Diploscapter lycostoma | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | multiple encounter modes; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica | host | nematode | Diploscapter lycostoma | parasite | Wahab, 1962 | ||
Formica | prey | tiger beetle | Cicindela tranquebarica | predator | United States | Valenti & Gaimari, 2000; Polidori et al., 2020 | |
Formica | prey | tiger beetle | Cicindelidia marginipennis | predator | United States | Valenti & Gaimari, 2000; Polidori et al., 2020 | |
Formica | xenobiont | ant | Strumigenys pergandei | xenobiont | United States | Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1905 | In soil |
Formica accreta | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | properly ''Polyergus umbratus'' | |
Formica accreta | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon albicomatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica accreta | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon cothurnatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica accreta | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon piperi | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica adamsi | temporary parasite | ant | Formica neorufibarbis | host | |||
Formica adamsi alpina | slave maker | ant | Formica neorufibarbis | host | Mackay and Mackay 2002 | ||
Formica adamsi whymperi | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon cothurnatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica adamsi whymperi | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon piperi | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aerata | associate (details unknown) | encyrtid wasp | Comperiella bifasciata | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aerata | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | properly ''Polyergus umbratus'' | ||
Formica aerata | host | aphelinid wasp | Aphytis melinus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica altipetens | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica altipetens | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica altipetens | host | ant | Formica wheeleri | slave maker | |||
Formica altipetens | host | ant | Polyergus breviceps | slave maker | Trager, 2013; Torres & Tsutsui, 2016; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica altipetens | mutualist | aphid | Bipersona torticauda | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis assis | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis collaris | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis nephereus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis orbicularis | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis pilicoxa | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Cirrospilus curvineurus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Cirrospilus vittatus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Derostenus gemmeus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Dicladocerus westwoodii | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Elachterus artaeus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Pediobius metallicus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Pnigalio longulus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Pnigalio pectinicornis | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Sympiesis gordius | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Sympiesis sericeicornis | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | associate (details unknown) | eulophid wasp | Sympiesis xanthostoma | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aquilonia | host | beetle | Monotoma angusticollis (Coleopotera: Monotomidae) | myrmecophile | Europe | Wagner et al., 2020 | |
Formica aquilonia | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma berolinense | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica aquilonia | host | braconid wasp | Neoneurus auctus | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Achrysocharoides niveipes | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis assis | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis collaris | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis nephereus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis orbicularis | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Chrysocharis pilicoxa | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Cirrospilus curvineurus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Cirrospilus vittatus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Derostenus gemmeus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Dicladocerus westwoodii | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Elachertus artaeus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Pediobius metallicus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Pnigalio longulus | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Pnigalio pectinicornis | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Sympiesis gordius | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Sympiesis sericeicornis | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | host | eulophid wasp | Sympiesis xanthostoma | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis brohmeri | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis craccivora | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis evonymi | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis fabae | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis jacobaeae | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis pomi | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis subnitidae | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis viburni | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Callipterinella tuberculata | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus albitorosus | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus albus | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populeti | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populialbae | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus salicti | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara boerneri | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara laricis | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara piceae | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Gibb and Johansson, 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara piceicola | trophobiont | Gibb and Johansson, 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pinea | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pini | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Glyphina betulae | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum padi | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Schizaphis gramina | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Schizaphis pyri | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | mutualist | aphid | Symydobius oblongus | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aquilonia | temporary parasite | ant | Formica fusca | host | Chernenko et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica aquilonia | temporary parasite | ant | Formica picea | host | Chernenko et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica aquilonia | xenobiont | ant | Formica fusca | xenobiont | Finland | Czechowski & Vepsalainen, 1999; Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Forest on rocks. Mound of ''F. lugubris'' |
Formica aquilonia | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
Formica aquilonia | xenobiont | ant | Lasius flavus | xenobiont | Finland | Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Different successional series of rocky habitats. Mound of ''Formica aquilonia''. |
Formica archboldi | host | ant | Polyergus oligergus | slave maker | King & Trager, 2007; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | as ''Polyergus lucidus'' in early records | |
Formica archboldi | host | cricket | Myrmecophila pergandei | myrmecophile | |||
Formica argentea | host | ant | Formica aserva | slave maker | Wheeler & Wheeler, 2002 | ||
Formica argentea | host | ant | Formica densiventris | slave maker | |||
Formica argentea | host | ant | Formica gynocrates | slave maker | Bono et al., 2006; de la Mora et al., 2021 | host as ''Formica'' sp. cf. ''argentea'' | |
Formica argentea | host | ant | Formica microgyna | temporary parasite | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica argentea | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica argentea | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Moffett, 2010; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica argentea | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica argentea | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Anuraphis subterranea | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis aiddletonii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis gossypii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis lugentis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis medicaginis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis sambucifolii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis ulmariae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Bipersona torticauda | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Braggia eriogoni | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus nigrae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populicola | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populifolii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus viminalis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Cinara apini | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Cinara ponderosae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Cryptomyzus ribis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Drepanaphis acerifoliae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Hyperomyzus lactucae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Lachnus glaber | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Macrosiphum euphorbiae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Myzaphis rosarum | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Myzocallis discolor | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Myzus persicae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Periphyllus negundinis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Prociphilus fraxinifolii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Pterocomma smithiae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon ambrosiae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon erigeronense | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon solidaginis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon taraxaci | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica argentea | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon lanceolatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aserva | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | doubtful, needs confirmation | ||
Formica aserva | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica aserva | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica aserva | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasite | Canada (Alberta) | van Paridon et al., 2017; Martin-Vega et al., 2018; Criscione et al., 2020 | |
Formica aserva | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aserva | mutualist | aphid | Aphis salicariae | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aserva | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aserva | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica aserva | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon albicomatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aserva | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon cothurnatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aserva | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon piperi | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aserva | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon tristis | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica aserva | slave maker | ant | Formica argentea | host | Wheeler and Wheeler, 2002 | ||
Formica aserva | slave maker | ant | Formica neorufibarbis | host | Wheeler and Wheeler, 1986 | ||
Formica aserva | slave maker | ant | Formica podzolica | host | Ruano et al., 2018; Savolainen & Deslippe, 2001; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica aterrima | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populifolii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica biophilica | host | ant | Formica densiventris | slave maker | doubtful, possible misidentification of host species | ||
Formica biophilica | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica biophilica | host | ant | Polyergus ruber | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica bradleyi | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica bradleyi | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | doubtful, slave maker possibly ''Formica pergandei'' | ||
Formica bradleyi | host | ant | Formica wheeleri | slave maker | |||
Formica bradleyi | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica bruni | temporary parasite | ant | Formica (Serviformica) species | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica brunneonitida | temporary parasite | ant | Formica candida | host | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | ||
Formica canadensis | host | ant | Polyergus breviceps | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis lugentis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis medicaginis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis pomi | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis valerianae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populifolii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pseudotsugae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Drepanaphis acerifoliae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Drepanosiphum braggii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Tuberolachnus salignus | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica canadensis | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon ambrosiae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica candida | host | ant | Formica brunneonitida | temporary parasite | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | ||
Formica candida | host | ant | Formica pisarskii | temporary parasite | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | ||
Formica caucasicola | temporary parasite | ant | Formica picea | host | Georgia | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | |
Formica ciliata | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus hirticornis | xenobiont | |||
Formica cinerea | associate (details unknown) | bacterium | Serratia symbiotica | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica cinerea | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | |||
Formica cinerea | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Trager, 2013; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica cinerea | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica cinerea | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium lanceatum | parasite | Armenia | Arakelian et al., 1997 | as ''Formica cinerea armeniaca'' |
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis forbesi | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis gossypii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis medicaginis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis pomi | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Addicott, 1978; Breton and Addicott, 1992; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Aphthargelia symphoricarpi | trophobiont | Addicott, 1978; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Bipersona torticauda | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Brachycaudus helichrysi | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Cinara coloradensis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Cinara cupressi | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Cinara hottesi | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pseudotsugae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Diuraphis calamagrostis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Eriosoma americanum | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Pleotrichophorus quadritrichus | trophobiont | Addicott, 1978; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Prociphilus fraxinifolii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Protaphis middletonii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum maidis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon ambrosiae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon erigeronense | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinerea | mutualist | butterfly | Glaucopsyche alexis | Obregon et al. 2015 | |||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis craccivora | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis fabae | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis farinosa | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis gossypii | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis nasturtii | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis sambuci | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis serpylli | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis spiraecola | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis verbasci | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Brachycaudus cardui | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Brachycaudus helichrysi | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Brachycaudus lychnidis | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Brachyunguis tamaricis | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus longisetosus | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Cinara acutirostris | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Cinara maritimae | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pilicornis | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pruinosa | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Myzus lythri | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Nearctaphis bakeri | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Periphyllus aceris | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Pterocallis albidus | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Pterocallis alni | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Schizaphis miscanthi | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Schizolachnus pineti | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Sipha maydis | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Symydobius oblongus | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cinereofusca | mutualist | aphid | Toxoptera aurantii | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica clara | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Trager, 2013; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica clara | mutualist | aphid | Cinara confinis | trophobiont | Pakistan | Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020 | |
Formica clara | mutualist | aphid | Cinara orientalis | trophobiont | Pakistan | Gull-E-Fareen et al., 2020 | |
Formica clara | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus sibiricus | xenobiont | Seifert, 2023 | ||
Formica coloradensis | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica comata | mutualist | aphid | Cinara apini | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica comata | mutualist | aphid | Cinara schwarzii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica comata | mutualist | aphid | Cinara splendens | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica creightoni | slave maker | ant | Formica neogagates | host | J. Trager (pers. comm.) | ||
Formica creightoni | slave maker | ant | Formica pallidefulva | host | J. Trager (pers. comm.) | ||
Formica cunicularia | host | ant | Formica exsecta | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica cunicularia | host | ant | Formica pratensis | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica cunicularia | host | ant | Formica rufa | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica cunicularia | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica cunicularia | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Romani et al., 2006; D'Ettorre et al., 2000; Mori et al., 2000; Visiccio et al., 2000; Visiccio et al., 2001; Romani et al., 2006; Seifert, 2018; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica cunicularia | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma luxemburgense | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica cunicularia | host | braconid wasp | Neoneurus vesculus | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica cunicularia | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis adscendens | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica cunicularia | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasite | Germany | Hohorst & Graefe, 1961 | |
Formica cunicularia | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium lanceatum | parasite | Armenia | Arakelian et al., 1997 | |
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Acyrthosiphon pisum | trophobiont | Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Acyrthosiphon rubi | trophobiont | Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis acetosae | trophobiont | Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis brotericola | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis craccivora | trophobiont | Özdemir et al., 2008; Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis fabae | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis nasturtii | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis pomi | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis solanella | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Aphis spiraecola | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Brachycaudus tragopogonis | trophobiont | Mortazavi et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus albus | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populeti | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populialbae | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara boerneri | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara palaestinesis | trophobiont | Latibari et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pini | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Macrosiphoniella pulvera | trophobiont | Novgorodova, 2005; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Macrosiphum rosae | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | aphid | Sipha maydis | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica cunicularia | mutualist | butterfly | Zizeeria knysna | Obregon et al. 2015 | |||
Formica cunicularia | xenobiont | ant | Lasius flavus | xenobiont | United Kingdom | Kanizsai et al., 2013; Morley, 1945 | Foreshore. Under stone |
Formica curiosa | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica curiosa | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica dakotensis | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populicola | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica dakotensis | mutualist | aphid | Cinara apini | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica fusca | host | |||
Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica glacialis | host | J. Trager, pers. comm. | sometimes as a cohabiting inquiline | |
Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lepida | host | |||
Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica montana | host | |||
Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica pallidefulva | host | |||
Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica subsericea | host | |||
Formica decipiens | host | fungus | Aegeritella superficialis | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica densiventris | mutualist | aphid | Aphis lugentis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica densiventris | mutualist | aphid | Obtusicauda frigidae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica densiventris | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon manitobensis | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica densiventris | slave maker | ant | Formica argentea | host | |||
Formica densiventris | slave maker | ant | Formica biophilica | host | doubtful, possible misidentification of host species | ||
Formica densiventris | slave maker | ant | Formica neogagates | host | |||
Formica densiventris | slave maker | ant | Formica neorufibarbis | host | |||
Formica densiventris | slave maker | ant | Formica puberula | host | |||
Formica densiventris | slave maker | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | host given as ''Formica fusca'', but likely ''Formica subaenescens'', needs confirmation | ||
Formica densiventris | slave maker | ant | Formica subpolita | host | |||
Formica densiventris | slave maker | ant | Formica subsericea | host | host possibly ''Formica podzolica'', needs confirmation | ||
Formica difficilis | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica difficilis | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon tristis | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica difficilis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica incerta | host | |||
Formica dirksi | temporary parasite | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | |||
Formica dolosa | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica dolosa | host | ant | Polyergus longicornis | slave maker | Goodloe & Sanwald, 1985; MacGown & Brown, 2006; King & Trager, 2007; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | slave-maker misidentified as ''Polyergus lucidus'' | |
Formica dolosa | host | ant | Polyergus sanwaldi | slave maker | Goodloe and Sanwald, 1985; Goodloe, Sanwald and Topoff, 1987; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica exsecta | host | beetle | Monotoma angusticollis (Coleopotera: Monotomidae) | myrmecophile | Europe | Wagner et al., 2020 | |
Formica exsecta | host | fungus | Aegeritella superficialis | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | |||
Formica exsecta | host | fungus | Pandora formicae | pathogen | Małagocka et al., 2017 | ||
Formica exsecta | host | fungus | Pandora myrmecophaga | pathogen | Romania | Csata et al., 2013 | |
Formica exsecta | host | phorid fly | Aenigmatias lubbocki | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica exsecta | temporary parasite | ant | Formica cunicularia | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica exsecta | temporary parasite | ant | Formica fusca | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica exsecta | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lemani | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica exsecta | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
Formica exsectoides | host | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon abstrusus | predator | Maryland (type), Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia | Thompson, 1981 | |
Formica exsectoides | inquiline | ant | Formica fusca | host | |||
Formica exsectoides | inquiline | ant | Formica subsericea | host | |||
Formica fennica | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica foreli | temporary parasite | ant | Formica (Serviformica) species | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | primary host likely to be ''F. fusca'', ''F. cunicularia'' or ''F. rufibarbis'' | |
Formica foreliana | host | ant | Polyergus topoffi | slave maker | Trager, 2013 | ||
Formica forsslundi | mutualist | butterfly | Glaucopsyche alexis | Obregon et al. 2015 | |||
Formica forsslundi | temporary parasite | ant | Formica picea | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica forsslundi | temporary parasite | ant | Formica transkaucasica | host | |||
Formica fossaceps | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica fossaceps | slave maker | ant | Formica montana | host | |||
Formica frontalis | temporary parasite | ant | Iberoformica subrufa | host | Spain | de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 | |
Formica fukaii | host | ant | Polyergus samurai | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | a relatively rare host | |
Formica fukaii | temporary parasite | ant | Formica japonica | host | Kubota & Kondoh, 1954; Hayashida, 1963 | ||
Formica fukaii | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lemani | host | Yamaoka, 1977 | ||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica aquilonia | temporary parasite | Chernenko et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | |||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica exsecta | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica lugubris | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Chernenko et al., 2013 | ||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica pratensis | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 | ||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica rufa | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica suecica | temporary parasite | |||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Formica truncorum | temporary parasite | Chernenko et al., 2011; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica fusca | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; Sulger et al., 2014; de la Mora et al., 2021 | properly ''Polyergus umbratus'' | |
Formica fusca | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Trager, 2013; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica fusca | host | labial gland disease | unknown agent | parasite | Spain | Espadaler & Riasol, 1981; Elton, 1991 | |
Formica fusca | xenobiont | ant | Camponotus herculeanus | xenobiont | Poland | Czechowski, 2005; Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Forest edge. Under wood |
Formica fusca | xenobiont | ant | Camponotus vagus | xenobiont | Hungary | Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Pine and poplar forest patches. In/under wood |
Formica fusca | xenobiont | ant | Formica aquilonia | xenobiont | Finland | Czechowski & Vepsalainen, 1999; Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Forest on rocks. Mound of ''F. lugubris'' |
Formica fuscocinerea | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica fuscocinerea | xenobiont | ant | Lasius flavus | xenobiont | Poland | Czechowski & Czechowska, 2000; Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Grassy mountain slope. Under stone |
Formica gagates | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Trager, 2013; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica gagates | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium chinensis | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica gagates | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica gagates | mutualist | aphid | Aphis farinosa | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica gagatoides | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | |||
Formica gerardi | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica glabridorsis | host | ant | Polyergus samurai | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica glacialis | host | ant | Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | J. Trager, pers. comm. | sometimes as a cohabiting inquiline | |
Formica glacialis | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | Apple et al., 2014; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica glacialis | host | ant | Formica subintegra | slave maker | Apple et al., 2014; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica glauca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis craccivora | trophobiont | Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica glauca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis fabae | trophobiont | Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica glauca | mutualist | aphid | Aphis galliiscabri | trophobiont | Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica glauca | mutualist | aphid | Brachycaudus (Appelia) tragopogonis | trophobiont | Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica glauca | mutualist | aphid | Brachycaudus cardui | trophobiont | Özdemir et al., 2008; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica gnava | host | ant | Polyergus topoffi | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica gnava | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica gnava | xenobiont | ant | Monomorium minimum | xenobiont | United States | Kanizsai et al., 2013 | |
Formica gnava | xenobiont | ant | Myrmecina americana | xenobiont | United States | Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1901 | |
Formica gynocrates | slave maker | ant | Formica argentea | host | Bono et al., 2006; de la Mora et al., 2021 | host as ''Formica'' sp. cf. ''argentea'' | |
Formica gynocrates | slave maker | ant | Formica lasioides | host | Snelling & Buren, 1985 | uncommon | |
Formica gynocrates | slave maker | ant | Formica neogagates | host | Snelling & Buren, 1985 | uncommon | |
Formica gynocrates | slave maker | ant | Formica perpilosa | host | S. Cover, MCZbase | ||
Formica gynocrates | slave maker | ant | Formica vinculans | host | Snelling & Buren, 1985 | ||
Formica hayashi | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | Japanese Ant Image Database | ||
Formica hayashi | host | ant | Polyergus samurai | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | a relatively rare host | |
Formica hewitti | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica hewitti | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica impexa | slave maker | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | |||
Formica incerta | host | Microdon ocellaris | predator | Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania (type), South Carolina | Curran, 1924 | ||
Formica incerta | host | ant | Formica difficilis | temporary parasite | |||
Formica incerta | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica incerta | host | ant | Polyergus lucidus | slave maker | Goodloe & Sanwald, 1985; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica incerta | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica incerta | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica incerta | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica indianensis | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica integra | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma pergandei | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica integra | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma petulans | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica integroides | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica integroides | mutualist | aphid | Aphis farinosa | trophobiont | Addicott, 1978; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica integroides | mutualist | aphid | Aphis salicariae | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica integroides | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Addicott, 1978; Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica integroides | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica integroides | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus hirticornis | xenobiont | |||
Formica japonica | host | ant | Formica fukaii | temporary parasite | Kubota & Kondoh, 1954; Hayashida, 1963 | ||
Formica japonica | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | Ruano et al., 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica japonica | host | ant | Polyergus samurai | slave maker | Tsuneoka, 2008; Tsuneoka & Akino, 2009; Tsuneoka & Akino, 2012; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica japonica | host | butterfly | Lampides argyrognomon | myrmecophile | Mizuno et al., 2018 | ||
Formica japonica | host | histerid beetle | Hetaerius gratus | myrmecophile | Kubota, 1965 | ||
Formica japonica | host | labial gland disease | unknown agent | parasite | Japan | Sonobe, 1974; Elton, 1991 | |
Formica japonica | host | Staphylinid beetle | Kigatrodes gracilis | myrmecophile | Sawada, 1974 | ||
Formica knighti | temporary parasite | ant | Formica subsericea | host | needs confirmation | ||
Formica kozlovi | host | ant | Polyergus nigerrimus | slave maker | |||
Formica lasioides | host | ant | Formica gynocrates | slave maker | Snelling & Buren, 1985 | uncommon | |
Formica lasioides | host | ant | Formica microgyna | temporary parasite | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica lasioides | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica lasioides | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica lasioides | host | ant | Formica wheeleri | slave maker | |||
Formica lasioides | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica lasioides | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica lasioides | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lasioides | mutualist | aphid | Aphis salicariae | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lasioides | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Addicott, 1978; Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lasioides | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lemani | host | ant | Formica exsecta | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica lemani | host | ant | Formica lugubris | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica lemani | host | ant | Formica pressilabris | temporary parasite | |||
Formica lemani | host | ant | Formica pressilabris | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica lemani | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | Ruano et al., 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica lemani | host | ant | Formica suecica | temporary parasite | |||
Formica lemani | host | ant | Formica truncorum | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 | ||
Formica lemani | host | fungus | Pandora formicae | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica lemani | host | fungus | Pandora myrmecophaga | pathogen | Boer, 2008; Csata et al., 2013 | ant identification as ''Formica'' cf. ''lemani'' | |
Formica lemani | host | labial gland disease | unknown agent | parasite | Spain | Collingwood, 1956; Espadaler & Riasol, 1981; Elton, 1991 | |
Formica lemani | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon murayami | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica lemani | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon mutabilis | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica lemani | xenobiont | ant | Formica japonica | xenobiont | Yamaoka, 1977; Kvifte and Soule, 2017 | plesiobiotic | |
Formica lepida | host | ant | Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | |||
Formica lepida | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica lepida | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica lepida | host | ant | Formica wheeleri | slave maker | |||
Formica lepida | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lepida | mutualist | aphid | Aphis salicariae | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lepida | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lepida | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica limata | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lugubris | host | beetle | Monotoma angusticollis (Coleopotera: Monotomidae) | myrmecophile | Europe | Wagner et al., 2020 | |
Formica lugubris | host | fungus | Aegeritella superficialis | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica lugubris | host | labial gland disease | unknown agent | parasite | Spain | Espadaler & Riasol, 1981; Elton, 1991 | |
Formica lugubris | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica lugubris | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pini | trophobiont | Sudd, 1983; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica lugubris | temporary parasite | ant | Formica (Serviformica) species | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 1=2019 | ||
Formica lugubris | temporary parasite | ant | Formica fusca | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Chernenko et al., 2013 | ||
Formica lugubris | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lemani | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica lugubris | temporary parasite | ant | Formica picea | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Chernenko et al., 2013 | ||
Formica lugubris | xenobiont | ant | Formica fusca | xenobiont | Finland | Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Different successional series of rocky habitats. Mound of ''F. lugubris'' |
Formica lugubris | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
Formica manchu | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica manni | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica mesasiatica | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica mesasiatica | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica microgyna | temporary parasite | ant | Formica argentea | host | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica microgyna | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lasioides | host | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica microgyna | temporary parasite | ant | Formica neogagates | host | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica microgyna | temporary parasite | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica microphthalma | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | properly ''Polyergus umbratus'' | |
Formica moki | host | ant | Polyergus vinosus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica moki | xenobiont | ant | Temnothorax andrei | xenobiont | Mann, 1911 | nature of relationship unknown | |
Formica morsei | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica neoclara | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica neoclara | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica neoclara | host | ant | Polyergus breviceps | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica neoclara | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | doubtful, ''P. breviceps'' more likely | |
Formica neoclara | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica neoclara | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon albicomatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica neoclara | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon cothurnatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica neoclara | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon manitobensis | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica neoclara | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon piperi | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica neogagates | host | ant | Formica creightoni | slave maker | J. Trager (pers. comm.) | ||
Formica neogagates | host | ant | Formica densiventris | slave maker | Mackay and Mackay 2002 | ||
Formica neogagates | host | ant | Formica gynocrates | slave maker | Snelling & Buren, 1985 | uncommon | |
Formica neogagates | host | ant | Formica microgyna | temporary parasite | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica neogagates | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | Mackay and Mackay 2002 | ||
Formica neogagates | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | doubtful, needs confirmation | ||
Formica neogagates | host | ant | Formica wheeleri | slave maker | Mackay and Mackay 2002 | ||
Formica neogagates | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica neogagates | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarium | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica neogagates | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica neogagates | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica neogagates | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon lanceolatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Formica adamsi | temporary parasite | Mackay and Mackay 2002 | ||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Formica adamsi alpina | slave maker | Mackay and Mackay 2002 | ||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Formica aserva | slave maker | Wheeler and Wheeler 1986 | ||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Formica densiventris | slave maker | |||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Formica wheeleri | slave maker | |||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Polyergus bicolor | slave maker | |||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Mackay and Mackay 2002; de la Mora et al., 2021 | as ''Polyergus breviceps'' | |
Formica neorufibarbis | host | cricket | Myrmecophilus nebrascensis | myrmecophile | United States | ||
Formica neorufibarbis | host | eucharitid wasp | Eucharis sp. | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica neorufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | as ''Formica neorufibarbis gelida'' | |
Formica neorufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis salicariae | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | as ''Formica neorufibarbis gelida'' | |
Formica neorufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | as ''Formica neorufibarbis gelida'' | |
Formica neorufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica neorufibarbis | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon albicomatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica neorufibarbis | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon piperi | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica nepticula | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica nevadensis | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica obscuripes | host | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon xanthopilis | predator | California (type), Idaho, Washington | Townsend, 1895 | |
Formica obscuripes | host | ant | Formica talbotae | workerless inquiline | British Columbia, Canada | ||
Formica obscuripes | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma michaeli | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica obscuripes | host | cricket | Myrmecophilus manni | myrmecophile | Mexico, United States | ||
Formica obscuripes | host | cricket | Myrmecophilus nebrascensis | myrmecophile | United States | ||
Formica obscuripes | host | eurytomid wasp | Sycophila sp. | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica obscuripes | host | tenebrionid beetle | Alaudes singularis | myrmecophile | |||
Formica obscuripes | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica obscuripes | mutualist | aphid | Aphis salicariae | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica obscuripes | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Addicott, 1978; Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica obscuripes | mutualist | aphid | Pleotrichophorus utensis | trophobiont | Billick et al., 2007; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica obscuripes | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica obscuripes | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon escalantii | trophobiont | Billick et al., 2007; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica obscuripes | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon albicomatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica obscuripes | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon cothurnatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica obscuripes | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon piperi | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica obscuripes | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon tristis | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica obscuripes | temporary parasite | ant | Formica pacifica | host | |||
Formica obscuripes | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus diversipilosus | xenobiont | |||
Formica obscuripes | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus hirticornis | xenobiont | |||
Formica obscuriventris | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica obscuriventris | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica obscuriventris | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma michaeli | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica obscuriventris | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma sp. | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica obscuriventris | host | cricket | Myrmecophilus pergandei | myrmecophile | United States | ||
Formica obscuriventris | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon cothurnatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica obscuriventris | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon piperi | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica obtusopilosa | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica obtusopilosa | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | as ''Formica munda'' | |
Formica occulta | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Bono et al., 2006; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica occulta | host | ant | Polyergus breviceps | slave maker | Mackay and Mackay, 2002; Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021; Bono et al., 2006; Bono et al., 2007; Johnson, 2000; Johnson et al., 2005 | ||
Formica occulta | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | as ''Formica'' cf. ''occulta'' | |
Formica occulta | xenobiont | ant | Lasius latipes | xenobiont | |||
Formica occulta | xenobiont | ant | Lasius sitiens | xenobiont | |||
Formica occulta | xenobiont | ant | Myrmica hamulata | xenobiont | |||
Formica opaciventris | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma petulans | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica opaciventris | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica opaciventris | mutualist | aphid | Aphis medicaginis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica oreas | host | eucharitid wasp | Orasema coloradensis | parasite | Universal Chalcidoidea Database | associate | |
Formica oreas | host | eucharitid wasp | Orasema coloradensis | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica oreas | host | eucharitid wasp | Orasema sp. nr coloradensis | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode independent; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica oreas | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica pacifica | host | ant | Formica obscuripes | temporary parasite | British Columbia, Canada | J. Roth, pers. comm., 2019 | |
Formica pacifica | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica pallidefulva | host | ant | Formica creightoni | slave maker | J. Trager (pers. comm.) | ||
Formica pallidefulva | host | ant | Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | |||
Formica pallidefulva | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica pallidefulva | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica pallidefulva | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica pallidefulva | host | ant | Formica subintegra | slave maker | Mackay and Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica pallidefulva | host | ant | Polyergus montivagus | slave maker | King & Trager, 2007; de la Mora et al., 2021 | slave-maker misidentified as ''Polyergus lucidus'' in some publications | |
Formica pallidefulva | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma schwarzi | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica pallidefulva | host | cricket | Myrmecophilus pergandei | myrmecophile | United States | ||
Formica pallidefulva | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarium | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica pallidefulva | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica pallidefulva | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon ocellaris | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica pallidefulva | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon tristis | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica pallidefulva | prey | tiger beetle | Cicindela bellissima | predator | United States | Valenti & Gaimari, 2000; Polidori et al., 2020 | |
Formica pergandei | slave maker | ant | Formica biophilica | host | |||
Formica pergandei | slave maker | ant | Formica difficilis | host | |||
Formica pergandei | slave maker | ant | Formica dolosa | host | |||
Formica pergandei | slave maker | ant | Formica glacialis | host | Apple et al., 2014; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica pergandei | slave maker | ant | Formica incerta | host | |||
Formica perpilosa | host | ant | Formica gynocrates | slave maker | S. Cover, MCZbase | ||
Formica perpilosa | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma vigilans | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica picea | host | ant | Formica aquilonia | temporary parasite | Chernenko et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica picea | host | ant | Formica caucasicola | temporary parasite | Georgia | Seifert, 2021 | |
Formica picea | host | ant | Formica forsslundi | temporary parasite | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica picea | host | ant | Formica lugubris | temporary parasite | Chernenko et al., 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica picea | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | |||
Formica picea | host | phorid fly | Aenigmatias lubbocki | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica picea | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; indirect transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica pisarskii | temporary parasite | ant | Formica candida | host | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | ||
Formica pisarskii | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
Formica pisarskii | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus sibiricus | xenobiont | Seifert, 2023 | misidentified as ''Formica pressilabris'' | |
Formica podzolica | host | ant | Formica aserva | slave maker | Ruano et al., 2018; Savolainen & Deslippe, 2001; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica podzolica | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica podzolica | host | ant | Formica subintegra | slave maker | Savolainen & Deslippe, 2001; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica podzolica | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica podzolica | host | braconid wasp | Neoneurus mantis | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica podzolica | mutualist | aphid | Aphis asclepiadis | trophobiont | Mooney et al., 2008; Nielsen et al., 2009; Abdala-Roberts et al., 2012; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica podzolica | mutualist | aphid | Aphis valerianae | trophobiont | Petry et al., 2012; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica podzolica | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon cothurnatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica polyctena | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica polyctena | host | labial gland disease | unknown agent | parasite | Elton, 1991 | ||
Formica polyctena | temporary parasite | ant | Formica (Serviformica) species | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica postoculata | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica pressilabris | host | fungus | Aegeritella tuberculata | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica pressilabris | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lemani | host | |||
Formica pressilabris | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lemani | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica propinqua | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populicola | trophobiont | Wimp and Whitham, 2001; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica puberula | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarium | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica puberula | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica puberula | mutualist | aphid | Aphis salicariae | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica puberula | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Addicott, 1979a; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica puberula | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica subpolita | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica altipetens | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica bradleyi | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica densiventris | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica hewitti | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica lasioides | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica lepida | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica montana | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica neoclara | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica neorufibarbis | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica occulta | host | Bono et al., 2006; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica pallidefulva | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica puberula | slave maker | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | reported as ''Formica fusca'' | |
Formica querquetulana | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | J. Trager, pers. comm. | ||
Formica querquetulana | temporary parasite | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | |||
Formica ravida | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica ravida | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon cothurnatus | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica ravida | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon piperi | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica ravida | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus hirticornis | xenobiont | |||
Formica ravida | xenobiont | ant | Temnothorax andrei | xenobiont | Mackay & Mackay, 1984 | nature of relationship unknown | |
Formica rubicunda | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma petulans | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica rubicunda | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica altipetens | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica argentea | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica aserva | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica bradleyi | host | doubtful, slave maker possibly ''Formica pergandei'' | ||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica fossaceps | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica lasioides | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica lepida | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica montana | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica neoclara | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica neogagates | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica neorufibarbis | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica obscuriventris | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica obtusopilosa | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica pallidefulva | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Formica subsericea | host | |||
Formica rubicunda | slave maker | ant | Myrmica | host | possibly a prey item rather than a slave | ||
Formica rufa | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | probable ephemeral host | |
Formica rufa | host | labial gland disease | unknown agent | parasite | Elton, 1975; Elton, 1991 | ||
Formica rufa | mutualist | aphid | Aphis helianthi | trophobiont | Mooney et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufa | mutualist | aphid | Aphis medicaginis | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufa | mutualist | aphid | Aphis salicariae | trophobiont | Mooney et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufa | mutualist | aphid | Aphis valerianae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufa | mutualist | aphid | Aphis varians | trophobiont | Mooney et al., 2015; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufa | mutualist | aphid | Brachycaudus cardui | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufa | mutualist | aphid | Chaitophorus populifolii | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufa | temporary parasite | ant | Formica cunicularia | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica rufa | temporary parasite | ant | Formica fusca | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica rufa | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
Formica rufa | xenobiont | ant | Leptothorax muscorum | xenobiont | Sweden | Kanizsai et al., 2013; Wheeler, 1901 | |
Formica rufibarbis | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | |||
Formica rufibarbis | host | ant | Formica truncorum | temporary parasite | Chernenko et al., 2011; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Mori et al., 2000; Trager, 2013; Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma luxemburgense | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica rufibarbis | host | fungus | Aegeritella tuberculata | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | host | ichneumonid wasp | Hybrizon buccatus | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica rufibarbis | host | labial gland disease | unknown agent | parasite | Elton, 1991 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | host | nematode | Mermithidae (unspecified "Mermix") | parasite | Germany | Gosswald, 1930; Laciny, 2021 | |
Formica rufibarbis | host | phorid fly | Aenigmatias brevifrons | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica rufibarbis | host | phorid fly | Aenigmatias dorni | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica rufibarbis | host | phorid fly | Aenigmatias lubbocki | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica rufibarbis | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasite | de Bekker et al., 2018 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium dendriticum | parasite | Germany | Hohorst & Graefe, 1961 | |
Formica rufibarbis | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium lanceatum | parasite | Armenia | Arakelian et al., 1997 | |
Formica rufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis pomi | trophobiont | Akyildirim et al., 2014; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Aphis spiraecola | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Cinara indica | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Cinara occidentalis | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Dysaphis devecta | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Myzus ornatus | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Myzus padellus | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | mutualist | aphid | Tuberolachnus salignus | trophobiont | Akyürek et al., 2016; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica rufibarbis | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon sp. | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica scitula | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica selysi | associate (details unknown) | fungus | Aspergillus parasiticus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica selysi | associate (details unknown) | fungus | Penicillium sizovae | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica selysi | associate (details unknown) | fungus | Penicillium skrjabinii | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica selysi | associate (details unknown) | fungus | Petromyces alliaceus | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica selysi | associate (details unknown) | fungus | Purpureocillium lilacinum | associate (details unknown) | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica selysi | host | fungus | Aspergillus flavus | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica selysi | host | fungus | Beauveria bassiana | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica selysi | host | fungus | Metarhizium brunneum | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica spatulata | temporary parasite | ant | unknown | host | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica dakotensis | slave maker | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica densiventris | slave maker | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica dirksi | temporary parasite | Mackay and Mackay 2002 | ||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica impexa | slave maker | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica microgyna | temporary parasite | Gregg, 1963; Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica querquetulana | temporary parasite | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica ulkei | temporary parasite | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Formica wheeleri | slave maker | |||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Polyergus bicolor | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica subaenescens | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | |||
Formica subaenescens | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subaenescens | xenobiont | ant | Camponotus pennsylvanicus | xenobiont | United States | Gaige ,1914; Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Hardwood forest. Under log. |
Formica subcyanea | host | ant | Polyergus topoffi | slave maker | |||
Formica subnitens | host | eucharitid wasp | Orasema coloradensis | parasite | Wheeler, 1907; Johnson et al., 1986; Baker et al., 2019; Universal Chalcidoidea Database | questionable, needs confirmation | |
Formica subpolita | host | ant | Formica densiventris | slave maker | |||
Formica subpolita | host | ant | Formica puberula | slave maker | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica subpolita | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | true slave maker ''Polyergus laeviceps'' | ||
Formica subpolita | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma vigilans | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica subpolita | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarium | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica subpolita | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica subsericea | host | ant | Formica dakotensis | temporary parasite | |||
Formica subsericea | host | ant | Formica densiventris | slave maker | |||
Formica subsericea | host | ant | Formica knighti | temporary parasite | needs confirmation | ||
Formica subsericea | host | ant | Formica pergandei | slave maker | |||
Formica subsericea | host | ant | Formica rubicunda | slave maker | |||
Formica subsericea | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica subsericea | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma pergandei | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica subsericea | host | braconid wasp | Elasmosoma petulans | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica subsericea | host | cricket | Myrmecophilus pergandei | myrmecophile | United States | ||
Formica subsericea | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica subsericea | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica subsericea | mutualist | aphid | Aphis coreopsidis | trophobiont | Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subsericea | mutualist | aphid | Aulacorthum solani | trophobiont | Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subsericea | mutualist | aphid | Cinara atlantica | trophobiont | Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subsericea | mutualist | aphid | Cinara pinivora | trophobiont | Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subsericea | mutualist | aphid | Hyperomyzus nabali | trophobiont | Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subsericea | mutualist | aphid | Neomyzus circumflexum | trophobiont | Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subsericea | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subsericea | mutualist | aphid | Uroleucon pieloui | trophobiont | Favret et al., 2010; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica subsericea | prey | ''Microdon'' fly | Microdon megalogaster | predator | Quevillon, 2018 | ||
Formica suecica | temporary parasite | ant | Formica fusca | host | needs confirmation | ||
Formica suecica | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lemani | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica suecica | temporary parasite | ant | Formica transkaucasica | host | |||
Formica talbotae | workerless inquiline | ant | Formica obscuripes | host | |||
Formica tianshanica | host | ant | Polyergus rufescens | slave maker | Seifert, 2018; de la Mora et al., 2021 | ||
Formica transkaucasica | host | ant | Formica forsslundi | temporary parasite | |||
Formica transkaucasica | host | ant | Formica sanguinea | slave maker | |||
Formica transkaucasica | host | ant | Formica suecica | temporary parasite | |||
Formica transkaucasica | host | ant | Formica uralensis | temporary parasite | |||
Formica transkaucasica | host | phorid fly | Aenigmatias lubbocki | parasitoid | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest | |
Formica transkaucasica | host | trematode | Dicrocoelium lanceatum | parasite | Armenia | Arakelian et al., 1997 | |
Formica truncorum | host | fungus | Aegeritella superficialis | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica truncorum | temporary parasite | ant | Formica fusca | host | Chernenko et al., 2011; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018; Seifert, 2018 | ||
Formica truncorum | temporary parasite | ant | Formica lemani | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 | ||
Formica truncorum | temporary parasite | ant | Formica polyctena | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Seifert, 2018 | single observation | |
Formica truncorum | temporary parasite | ant | Formica pratensis | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 | ||
Formica truncorum | temporary parasite | ant | Formica rufibarbis | host | Chernenko et al., 2011; de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 | ||
Formica truncorum | xenobiont | ant | Formica fusca | xenobiont | Finland | Czechowski, 2004; Kanizsai et al., 2013 | Different successional series of rocky habitats. In rock crevice |
Formica truncorum | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
Formica ulkei | mutualist | aphid | Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae | trophobiont | Jones, 1927; Saddiqui et al., 2019 | ||
Formica ulkei | temporary parasite | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | |||
Formica uralensis | host | labial gland disease | unknown agent | parasite | Japan | Elton, 1991 | needs confirmation |
Formica uralensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica transkaucasica | host | |||
Formica uralensis | xenobiont | ant | Formicoxenus nitidulus | xenobiont | Holldobler & Wilson 1990; Busch 2001; Martin et al. 2007 | ||
Formica vinculans | host | ant | Formica gynocrates | slave maker | Snelling & Buren, 1985 | ||
Formica vinculans | host | ant | Polyergus mexicanus | slave maker | Trager, 2013; de la Mora et al., 2021 | identity of slave maker need confirmation, likely not ''P. mexicanus'' | |
Formica vinculans | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | parasite | Quevillon, 2018 | encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission within nest | |
Formica vinculans | host | fungus | Laboulbenia formicarum | pathogen | Espadaler & Santamaria, 2012 | ||
Formica wheeleri | slave maker | ant | Formica altipetens | host | |||
Formica wheeleri | slave maker | ant | Formica bradleyi | host | |||
Formica wheeleri | slave maker | ant | Formica lasioides | host | |||
Formica wheeleri | slave maker | ant | Formica lepida | host | |||
Formica wheeleri | slave maker | ant | Formica neogagates | host | Mackay and Mackay, 2002 | ||
Formica wheeleri | slave maker | ant | Formica neorufibarbis | host | |||
Formica wheeleri | slave maker | ant | Formica subaenescens | host | given as ''Formica fusca'' but probably ''Formica subaenescens'' | ||
Formica yessensis | temporary parasite | ant | Formica (Serviformica) species | host | de la Mora et al., 2021; Ruano et al., 2018 |
Flight Period
All Flight Records for Genus
Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Taxon | Month | Source | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Formica altipetens | Jul • Aug | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | |
Formica aquilonia | Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica argentea | Jul • Aug | Mackay & Mackay, 2002 | |
Formica aserva | Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica biophilica | Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica bruni | Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica brunneonitida | Jun • Jul • Aug | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | |
Formica caucasicola | Jul • Aug | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | |
Formica cinerea | Jun • Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica clara | Jun • Jul | Seifert & Schultz, 2009; antkeeping.info | |
Formica cunicularia | Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica exsecta | Jun • Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica exsectoides | Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica foreli | Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica forsslundi | Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica francoeuri | Apr • May • Jun | antkeeping.info | |
Formica fuscocinerea | Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep | antkeeping.info | |
Formica gagates | Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica gagatoides | Jul • Aug | ||
Formica glacialis | Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica glauca | Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica incerta | Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica integra | May | antkeeping.info | |
Formica integroides | Apr | antkeeping.info | |
Formica lemani | Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep | Collingwood, 1979; Japanese Ant Image Database; antkeeping.info | |
Formica longiceps | Jul • Aug | ||
Formica lugubris | May • Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica manchu | Jun • Jul • Aug | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | |
Formica mesasiatica | Jun • Jul • Aug | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | |
Formica moki | Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica neogagates | Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica obscuripes | Apr • May | antkeeping.info (April) | Washington (May) |
Formica obscuriventris | Jun | antkeeping.info | |
Formica pacifica | Apr | antkeeping.info | |
Formica paralugubris | May • Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica pisarskii | Aug | Seifert & Schultz, 2021 | |
Formica podzolica | Jun • Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica pressilabris | Jun • Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica ravida | May • Jun • Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica rubicunda | Jul | antkeeping.info | |
Formica rufibarbis | Jun • Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica selysi | Jun • Jul • Aug • Sep | antkeeping.info | |
Formica subaenescens | Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica subpolita | Jun | antkeeping.info | |
Formica subsericea | Apr • May • Jun • Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica transkaucasica | Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica transmontanis | Oct • Nov | antkeeping.info | |
Formica truncorum | Jun • Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica ulkei | Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info | |
Formica uralensis | Jun • Jul • Aug | antkeeping.info |
Life History Traits
- Mean colony size: 500-300000000 (Greer et al., 2021)
- Compound colony type: dulosis; inquilinism; temperary parasite (Greer et al., 2021)
- Nest site: hypogaeic (Greer et al., 2021)
- Diet class: omnivore (Greer et al., 2021)
- Foraging stratum: subterranean/leaf litter (Greer et al., 2021)
- Foraging behaviour: cooperative (Greer et al., 2021)
Castes
Morphology
Worker Morphology
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• Antennal segment count: 12 • Antennal club: absent • Palp formula: 6,4; 5,4 • Total dental count: 7-10(0-3) • Spur formula: 1 simple, 1 simple • Eyes: >100 ommatidia • Ocelli: present • Scrobes: absent • Pronotal Spines: absent • Mesonotal Spines: absent • Propodeal Spines: absent • Petiolar Spines: absent • Caste: monomorphic, some with marked size-variation • Sting: absent • Metaplural Gland: present • Cocoon: polymorphic
Karyotype
Species Uncertain
- Formica sp.3: n = 27 (Crozier, 1975) ('Formica fusca group).
- Formica sp.4: n = 26 (Crozier, 1975).
All Karyotype Records for Genus
- See additional details at the Ant Chromosome Database.
Explore: Show all Karyotype data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Taxon | Haploid | Diploid | Karyotype | Locality | Source | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formica | 26 | Crozier, 1975 | ||||
Formica | 27 | Crozier, 1975 | 'Formica fusca'' group | |||
Formica aquilonia | 26 | Finland | Rosengren et al., 1980 | |||
Formica cinerea | 27 | 54 | Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976 | ||
Formica cunicularia | 27 | 54 | France | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976 | ||
Formica dakotensis | 26 | Crozier, 1975 | ||||
Formica exsecta | 26 | 52 | Switzerland | Agosti & Hauschteck-Jungen, 1987; Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976 | ||
Formica gagates | 27 | 54 | France; old Yugoslavia | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976 | ||
Formica gerardi | 27 | Spain | Lorite et al., 1998a; Lorite et al., 2002b | |||
Formica lemani | 54 | Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976 | |||
Formica lugubris | 26 | 52 | Finland; Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976; Rosengren et al., 1980 | ||
Formica obscuripes | 26 | USA | Hung, 1969 | |||
Formica picea | 26 | 52 | Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976 | ||
Formica pressilabris | 26 | Finland | Rosengren et al., 1980 | |||
Formica reflexa | 26 | Crozier, 1975 | ||||
Formica rufibarbis | 27 | 54 | Finland; Switzerland | Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976; Rosengren et al., 1980 | ||
Formica transkaucasica | 26 | Finland | Rosengren et al., 1980 | as ''F. transkaucasica'' (incertae sedis) | ||
Formica truncorum | 26 | 52 | Finland; Japan; Switzerland | Imai & Yosida, 1964; Imai, 1969; Hauschteck-Jungen & Jungen, 1976; Rosengren et al., 1980 | ||
Formica truncorum | 28 | Finland | Rosengren et al., 1980 | Only one pupa analyzed was ''n=27 | ||
Formica ulkei | 26 | USA | Hung, 1969 | |||
Formica uralensis | 26 | Finland | Rosengren et al., 1980 |
Phylogeny
Formicinae |
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See Phylogeny of Formicinae for details.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- FORMICA [Formicinae: Formicini]
- Formica Linnaeus, 1758: 579. Type-species: Formica rufa, by subsequent designation of Curtis, 1839: 752.
- Formica senior synonym of Formicina: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
- Formica senior synonym of Raptiformica, Serviformica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote).
- Formica senior synonym of Coptoformica (and its junior synonym Adformica): Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448.
- Formica senior synonym of Neoformica: Buren, 1968a: 39.
- Formica senior synonym of Coptoformica, Formicina, Neoformica, Raptiformica, Serviformica: Agosti, 1994a: 106.
- ADFORMICA [junior synonym of Formica]
- Adformica Lomnicki, 1925a: 164 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica exsecta, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1927b: 316.
- Adformica junior synonym of Coptoformica: Stitz, 1939: 306 (as Adformica and Coptoformica share the same type-species synonymy is absolute).
- COPTOFORMICA [junior synonym of Formica]
- Coptoformica Müller, 1923: 146 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica exsecta, by subsequent designation of Donisthorpe, 1941f: 37.
- Coptoformica senior synonym of Adformica: Stitz, 1939: 306 (as Adformica and Coptoformica share the same type-species synonymy is absolute).
- Coptoformica junior synonym of Formica: Smith, M.R. 1951a: 860; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
- FORMICINA [junior synonym of Formica]
- Formicina Shuckard, in Swainson & Shuckard, 1840: 172. Type-species: Formica rufa, by subsequent designation of Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
- [Type-species not Formica flava, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1916a: 61 (footnote); repeated by Emery, 1916b: 239 and Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 170.]
- Formicina junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1911c: 860; Wheeler, W.M. 1911f: 164.
- Formicina incorrectly as replacement name for Lasius Fabricius: Emery, 1916a: 60; Emery, 1916b: 239; Bondroit, 1918: 19.
- Formicina incorrectly as subgenus of Lasius: Wheeler, W.M. 1916k: 172.
- Formicina incorrectly as junior synonym of Lasius: Emery, 1925b: 226; Brown, 1973b: 180.
- Formicina incorrectly as junior synonym of Acanthomyops: Donisthorpe, 1927b: 209.
- Formicina junior synonym of Formica: Agosti, 1994a: 106.
- [Formica and Formicina share the same type-species, synonymy is therefore absolute.]
- NEOFORMICA [junior synonym of Formica]
- Neoformica Wheeler, W.M. 1913a: 82 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica pallidefulva, by original designation.
- [Neoformica also described as new by Wheeler, W.M. 1913f: 548.]
- Neoformica junior synonym of Formica: Buren, 1968a: 39; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
- RAPTIFORMICA [junior synonym of Formica]
- Raptiformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica sanguinea, by original designation.
- Raptiformica subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1925b: 258; Creighton, 1950a: 460.
- Raptiformica junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 107.
- SERVIFORMICA [junior synonym of Formica]
- Serviformica Forel, 1913i: 361 [as subgenus of Formica]. Type-species: Formica fusca, by original designation.
- Serviformica subgenus of Formica: Forel, 1913i: 361; Forel, 1917: 250; Emery, 1925b: 245.
- Serviformica junior synonym of Formica: Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 699 (footnote); Francoeur, 1973: 34; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1448; Agosti, 1994a: 106.
References
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