Camponotus floridanus

Camponotus floridanus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Formicinae
Tribe:	Camponotini
Genus:	Camponotus
Species:	C. floridanus
Binomial name
Camponotus floridanus (Buckley, 1866) Specimen labels
Synonyms
Camponotus atriceps yankee Forel, 1885

Common Name
Florida Carpenter Ant
Language:	English

Common in Florida nesting in old stumps and logs. Very pugnacious.

Photo Gallery

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  Camponotus floridanus major worker. Photo by Alex Wild.
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  Camponotus floridanus attached to Spanish moss moments after the final manipulated biting behavior induced by Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani. Photo by Charissa de Bekker.
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  Camponotus floridanus with the fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis from Florida, United States. Photo by Katja Schulz.
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  Camponotus floridanus with the fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis from Seminole County, Florida, USA. Photo by Charissa de Bekker.

Identification

Keys including this Species

• Key to Camponotus of Israel

Distribution

This very abundant species lives in almost all disturbed and natural habitats in Florida. It readily colonizes containers left outside, and could easily be transported to new areas. Related species or forms of the subgenus Myrmothrix (a group in serious taxonomic disarray) are among the ants that Donisthorpe (1915) reported arriving in England, usually in bunches of bananas, but also in orchids. It occurs through the Florida panhandle, and as Creighton (1950) pointed out, it appears closely related to the Texas form that used to be called Camponotus abdominalis transvectus (now a synonym of Camponotus atriceps). There is a good chance that this complex once occurred around the Gulf of Mexico, and was later separated into eastern and western populations. Further work on the taxonomy of this section of Camponotus is needed before we will be happy with either the nomenclature or provenance of the Florida species. (Deyrup, Davis & Cover, 2000.)

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 33.18° to 18.64075°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Nearctic Region: United States (type locality).

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Biology

Workers can recognize the presence of a highly fertile queen via her eggs, which are marked with the queen’s Cuticular Hydrocarbons (Endler et al. 2006). Information on a queen's fertility is thus encoded in the hydrocarbon profile of her eggs.

Atchison & Lucky (2022) found that this species does not remove seeds.

Flight Period

			X	X	X	X	X	X
Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec

Source: antkeeping.info.

• Check details at Worldwide Ant Nuptial Flights Data, AntNupTracker and AntKeeping.
• Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

Association with Other Organisms

 Explore: Show all Associate data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.

• This species is a host for the eucharitid wasp Obeza floridana (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• This species is a host for the eulophid wasp Horismenus floridensis (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (multiple encounter modes; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• This species is a host for the phorid fly Diocophora trichogaster (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani (a parasitoid) (Quevillon, 2018) (encounter mode primary; direct transmission; transmission outside nest).
• This species is a host for the fungus Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani (a pathogen) (Araujo et al., 2018).

Genetics

Camponotus floridanus has had their entire genome sequenced.

Palomeque et al. (2015) found class II mariner elements, a form of transposable elements, in the genome of this ant.

Life History Traits

• Queen number: monogynous (Frumhoff & Ward, 1992)

Castes

Images from AntWeb

Worker. Specimen code casent0103673. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ABS, Lake Placid, FL, USA.

Worker. Specimen code casent0104894. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by STDC, Shawn T. Dash Collection.

Queen

Images from AntWeb

Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0103675. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ABS, Lake Placid, FL, USA.

Male

Images from AntWeb

Male (alate). Specimen code casent0103676. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences.	Owned by ABS, Lake Placid, FL, USA.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• floridanus. Formica floridana Buckley, 1866: 161 (w.) U.S.A. (Florida).
  • Mayr, 1886d: 423 (q.m.); Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 325 (s.).
  • Combination in Camponotus: Mayr, 1886d: 423;
  • combination in C. (Myrmothrix): Emery, 1925b: 108.
  • Subspecies of atriceps: Mayr, 1886d: 423; Cresson, 1887: 256; Emery, in Dalla Torre, 1893: 231.
  • Subspecies of abdominalis: Emery, in Dalla Torre, 1893: 219 (footnote); Emery, 1893i: 670; Emery, 1896d: 372 (in list); Wheeler, W.M. 1902f: 21; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 571; Wheeler, W.M. 1913c: 117; Emery, 1925b: 108; Smith, M.R. 1930a: 6; Wheeler, W.M. 1932a: 15; Santschi, 1936b: 213; Creighton, 1950a: 396; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 844; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 145; Wilson, 1964b: 11; Smith, M.R. 1967: 366; Kempf, 1972a: 60; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1431; Deyrup & Trager, 1986: 219.
  • Junior synonym of abdominalis: Hashmi, 1973: 82; Brandão, 1991: 334.
  • Status as species: Dalla Torre, 1893: 231; Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 325 (redescription); Deyrup, et al. 1989: 100; Bolton, 1995b: 100; Deyrup, 2003: 44; Hansen & Klotz, 2005: 94; MacGown & Forster, 2005: 66; MacGown, et al. 2007: 18; Deyrup, 2017: 189.
  • Senior synonym of yankee: Mayr, 1886d: 423; Emery, 1896d: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 325; Emery, 1925b: 108; Creighton, 1950a: 396; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 844; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1431; Bolton, 1995b: 100.
• yankee. Camponotus atriceps r. yankee Forel, 1885a: 340 (w.) U.S.A. (Florida, Carolina, Connecticut, Massachusetts).
  • Junior synonym of floridanus: Mayr, 1886d: 423; Emery, 1896d: 372; Wheeler, W.M. 1910d: 325; Emery, 1925b: 108; Creighton, 1950a: 396; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 844; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1431; Bolton, 1995b: 130.

Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.

Description

Worker

Wheeler (1910) - Major Length, 8-10 mm.; head, 3.5 x 3.4 mm.; scape, 2.7 mm.; hind tibia, 3 mm.

Head large, nearly as broad as long, broader behind than in front, with broadly excised posterior and convex lateral margins. Eyes flattened. Mandibles 5- to 6-toothed. Antennae short, scapes flattened at the base but not dilated, enlarged towards their tips, which do not extend beyond the posterior corners of the head. Clypeus carinate, its border produced as a prominent lobe with sharp corners, between which the median edge is angularly excised. Frontal carinae lyrate, rather far apart; frontal area small, triangular; frontal groove distinct. Thorax robust, narrower than the head in front, compressed and more narrowed in the pleural region; in profile rather unevenly arched, with deep pro-meoonotal suture, highest in the mesonotal region; epinotum depressed, sloping, with indistinct and subequal base and declivity. Petiole in profile cuneate, with similar, feebly convex anterior and posterior surfaces; seen from behind, evenly rounded above, with rather blunt border. Legs moderately long and robust; middle and hind tibiae neither compressed nor sulcate, elliptical in cross section.

Mandibles opaque, very finely striated and sparsely punctate; teeth smooth and shining. Head opaque, very densely and minutely punctate or shagreened. Cheeks with small, scattered foveolae; clypeus and lateral borders of front with a few large piligerous foveolte. Thorax, gaster and legs moderately shining, more superficially shagreened.

Hairs coarse, long, fulvous, erect, rather abundant, shorter on the anterior surface of the antennal scapes and on the legs, absent on the cheeks and sides of the head, very short on the mandibles and clypeal border. Pubescence very short and dilute, distinct only on the gaster.

Head ferruginous red; mandibles, antennal scapes and anterior border of cheeks and clypeus darker. Thorax and legs more yellowish red. Gaster black, with the posterior edges of the segments narrowly yellow.

Minor Length, 5.5-7 mm.

Head, excluding the mandibles, about twice as long as broad, with straight, parallel sides and short evenly rounded postocular portion. Eyes rather large and convex. Clypeus like that of the worker major. Antennae slender, scapes not flattened at the base, reaching about half their length beyond the posterior corners of the head. Thorax low, narrow and evenly arcuate above, epinotum without distinct base and declivity. Petiole like that of the worker major.

Head more shining and sometimes of the same yellowish red color as the thorax and legs. Antennae dark red throughout. Pilosity as in the worker major.

References

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• Deyrup, M.; Trager, J. 1986. Ants of the Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Fla. Entomol. 69: 206-228 (page 219, revived from synonymy as subspecies of abdominalis)
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References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

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