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Pseudoneoponera bispinosa
Similar to P. rufipes, P. bispinosa also produces a foamy secretion from their gaster when disturbed, which is used for defense.
| Pseudoneoponera bispinosa | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Ponerinae |
| Tribe: | Ponerini |
| Genus: | Pseudoneoponera |
| Species: | P. bispinosa |
| Binomial name | |
| Pseudoneoponera bispinosa (Smith, F., 1858)
| |
Photo Gallery
Identification
Distribution
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 32.628611° to 23.5°.
| North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Oriental Region: India (type locality), Nepal.
Palaearctic Region: China.
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
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Biology
Castes
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- bispinosa. Pachycondyla bispinosa Smith, F. 1858b: 107 (w.) (“Hab. Australia?”)
- Type-material: holotype(?) worker.
- [Note: presumed holotype worker is labelled “type. Sm. Coll. 79. 32”, with no locality data on the label. There is no proof that this specimen is in fact the holotype. If the “79” refers to 1879, as is usual in old BMNH accessions, that would rule out this specimen because the holotype was collected before 1858.]
- Type-locality: Australia: “Hab. Australia?” (no further data).
- [Note: type-locality India, after Forel, 1886d: 246, Forel, 1900d: 326, Bingham, 1903: 97.]
- Type-depository: BMNH.
- Combination in Ponera (Pachycondyla): Roger, 1861a: 8;
- combination in Pachycondyla: Mayr, 1863: 439;
- combination in Bothroponera: Emery, 1889b: 495; Bingham, 1903: 97;
- combination in Pachycondyla (Bothroponera): Emery, 1901a: 45;
- combination in Pseudoneoponera: Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, 2014: 135.
- Junior synonym of rufipes: Forel, 1886d: 246.
- Status as species: Roger, 1861a: 8; Roger, 1863b: 18; Mayr, 1863: 439; Emery, 1889b: 495; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35; Emery, 1895k: 459; Forel, 1900d: 326; Bingham, 1903: 97; Forel, 1906b: 91; Emery, 1911d: 76; Wheeler, W.M. 1927b: 42; Menozzi, 1939a: 328; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49; Bolton, 1995b: 303; Zhou & Ran, 2010: 107; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 60; Bharti, Guénard, et al. 2016: 53.
- Distribution: China, India, Myanamar.
The following notes on F. Smith type specimens have been provided by Barry Bolton (details):
Holotype (presumed) worker in The Natural History Museum. Labelled “type. Sm. Coll. 79. 32.” No locality is given. In the original description Smith gives the type-locality as “Australia?.” There is thus no proof that this specimen is in fact the holotype. If the “79” refers to 1879, that would rule out this specimen.
Description
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from Bingham (1903) described as Bothroponera bispinosa.
Worker
In colour and sculpture entirely resembling B. rufipes, Jerdon, but larger, and the metanotum armed on each side at the posterior end of the basal portion with a subtriaugular flat blunt spine pointing backwards and upwards.
Length: 16-18 mm
References
- Bharti, H., Sharma, Y.P., Kaur, A. 2009. Seasonal patterns of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Punjab Shivalik. Halteres 1: 36-47.
- Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. (page 97, Combination in Bothroponera; Revived from synonymy)
- Emery, C. 1889c. Formiche di Birmania e del Tenasserim raccolte da Leonardo Fea (1885-87). [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 27[=(2)(7): 485-512 (page 495, Combination in Bothroponera)
- Emery, C. 1889c. Formiche di Birmania e del Tenasserim raccolte da Leonardo Fea (1885-87). [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 27[=(2)(7): 485-512 (page 495, Revived from synonymy)
- Forel, A. 1886d. Indian ants of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, No. 2. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal Part II Nat. Sci. 55: 239-249 (page 246, Junior synonym of rufipes)
- Forel, A. 1900f. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part VII. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 303-332 (page 326, Revived from synonymy)
- Liu, C., Fischer, G., Hita Garcia, F., Yamane, S., Liu, Q., Peng, Y.Q., Economo, E.P., Guénard, B., Pierce, N.E. 2020. Ants of the Hengduan Mountains: a new altitudinal survey and updated checklist for Yunnan Province highlight an understudied insect biodiversity hotspot. ZooKeys 978, 1–171 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.978.55767).
- Schmidt, C.A. & Shattuck, S.O. 2014. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa 3817, 1–242 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1).
- Smith, F. 1858b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. (page 107, worker described)
- Subedi, I.P., Budha, P.B., Bharti, H., Alonso, L. 2020. An updated checklist of Nepalese ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1006, 99–136 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.1006.58808).
- Subedi, I.P., Budha, P.B., Bharti, H., Alonso, L., Yamane, S. 2023. Ponerine ants of Nepal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Ponerinae): a generic synopsis, new faunal records, and rediscovery of a rare ant, Emeryopone franzi (Baroni Urbani 1975). (doi:10.20362/am.016003).
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Basu P., N. Tak, and A. K. Sanyal. 2013. Ants (insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Bethuadahari wildlife sanctuary, Nadia, West Bengal, India. Rec. zool, Surv. India: 113(4): 17-22.
- Bharti H., Y. P. Sharma, M. Bharti, and M. Pfeiffer. 2013. Ant species richness, endemicity and functional groups, along an elevational gradient in the Himalayas. Asian Myrmecology 5: 79-101.
- Bharti H., Y. P. Sharma, and A. Kaur. 2009. Seasonal patterns of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Punjab Shivalik. Halteres 1(1): 36-47.
- Chapman, J. W., and Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monogr. Inst. Sci. Technol. Manila 1: 1-327
- Dad J. M., S. A. Akbar, H. Bharti, and A. A. Wachkoo. 2019. Community structure and ant species diversity across select sites ofWestern Ghats, India. Acta Ecologica Sinica 39: 219–228.
- Emery C. 1889. Formiche di Birmania e del Tenasserim raccolte da Leonardo Fea (1885-87). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 27: 485-520.
- Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
- Forel A. 1900. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part VII. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 13: 303-332.
- Forel A. 1906. Les fourmis de l'Himalaya. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 42: 79-94.
- Guénard B., and R. R. Dunn. 2012. A checklist of the ants of China. Zootaxa 3558: 1-77.
- Tiwari R.N., B.G. Kundu, S. Roychowdhury, S.N. Ghosh. 1999. Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Pp. 211-294 in: Director; Zoological Survey of India (ed.) 1999. Fauna of West Bengal. Part 8. Insecta (Trichoptera, Thysanoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera and Anoplura). Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, iv + 442 pp.
- Xu Z., Lai Y., Li T. and Dai S. 1998. Five species of Formicidae newly recorded in China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Southwest Forestry College 18: 245-249.