Poneracantha
Poneracantha | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Ectatomminae |
Tribe: | Ectatommini |
Genus: | Poneracantha Emery, 1897 |
Type species | |
Ectatomma (Holcoponera) bispinosum, now Poneracantha bispinosa
| |
Synonyms | |
|
Identification
See images of species within this genus |
Keys including this Genus
Keys to Species in this Genus
Distribution
Distribution and Richness based on AntMaps
Species by Region
Number of species within biogeographic regions, along with the total number of species for each region.
Afrotropical Region | Australasian Region | Indo-Australian Region | Malagasy Region | Nearctic Region | Neotropical Region | Oriental Region | Palaearctic Region | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Species | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
Total Species | 2840 | 1735 | 3042 | 932 | 835 | 4378 | 1740 | 2862 |
Biology
Brown's (1993) account of predation and feeding for the species Poneracantha ingeborgae provides insight into how some of the species in this genus specialize on millipede prey.
Castes
Morphology
Phylogeny
Ectatomminae |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Phylogeny of Ectatomminae for details.
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- PONERACANTHA [Ectatomminae: Ectatommini]
- Poneracantha Emery, 1897d: 547 [as subgenus of Ectatomma]. Type-species: Ectatomma (Holcoponera) bispinosum Emery, 1890b: 40, by original designation.
Taxonomic history
- Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma: Emery, 1911d: 43; Forel, 1917: 236; Wheeler, W.M. 1922a: 643; Donisthorpe, 1943f: 685.
- Poneracantha as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 211; Kempf, 1972a: 111; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1337; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 10; Bolton, 1995b: 43; Bolton, 2003: 174.
- Poneracantha as genus: Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
- Poneracantha as senior synonym of Barbourella: Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
- Poneracantha as senior synonym of Parectatomma: Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
- Poneracantha references: Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11 (diagnosis).
- [For references pre-2022 see under Gnamptogenys.]
References
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and Classification of Formicidae. Mem. Am. Entomol. Inst. 71: 370pp (page 174, Poneracantha as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys)
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1958g. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 118: 173-362 (page 211, Poneracantha as junior synonym of Gnamptogenys)
- Camacho, G.P., Franco, W., Branstetter, M.G., Pie, M.R., Longino, J.T., Schultz, T.R., Feitosa, R.M. 2022. UCE phylogenomics resolves major relationships among Ectaheteromorph ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A new classification for the subfamilies and the description of a new genus. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(1): 5; 1–20 (doi:10.1093/isd/ixab026).
- Emery, C. 1897d. Viaggio di Lamberto Loria nella Papuasia orientale. XVIII. Formiche raccolte nella Nuova Guinea dal Dott. Lamberto Loria. [part]. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. 38[=(2(18): 546-576 (page 547, Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma)
- Emery, C. 1911e. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125 (page 43, Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma)
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bull. Soc. Vaudoise Sci. Nat. 51: 229-253 (page 236, Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma)
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922i. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. A contribution to the myrmecology of Africa. VII. Keys to the genera and subgenera of ants. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 45: 631-710 (page 643, Poneracantha as subgenus of Ectatomma)