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Myrmica divergens
| Myrmica divergens | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
| Tribe: | Myrmicini |
| Genus: | Myrmica |
| Species group: | bergi |
| Species: | M. divergens |
| Binomial name | |
| Myrmica divergens Karavaiev, 1931
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Radchenko & Elmes (2010) - Based on collecting data it seems probable that M. divergens preferred habitat is the intrazonal woodland between riparian meadows and steppe with rivers providing the main routes for connection between populations. The type specimen was taken towards the north of its range on an island in the river Lena. The best data is from collections made in north Mongolia by Michat Woyciechowski (also see notes for Myrmica angulinodis). He collected most colonies of M. divergens from "Riparian Woodland" at about 1000 m a.s.l. on the south-facing bank of the Jeröö river, and some from "Shrublands" about 1100 m a.s.l. that border the steeper valley sides (for vegetative details and photographs of these habitats see Muehlenberg et al. 2000). Nests were constructed directly in the soil or in grass and moss tussocks; one nest was found in the soil in a very wet peat bog in a river valley. M. Woyciechowski found sexuals in the nest at the end of July and in August; a single male was found participating in a mating swarm of M. angulinodis on 10th August 1999. Somewhat confusingly Pisarski (1969a) said that in Mongolia nests were found in the soil, under and in moss and frequently in grass tussocks which conforms to the observations above, but he then gives the habitat of M. divergens as "dry steppe, nests in the soil" (loc. cit., p. 227). We have two nest samples collected by Bogdan Pisarski in 1964, from Larix forest near Ulan Bator, but there is no further data. M. Woyciechowski collected very few dealate queens in the Mongolian M. divergens nest samples, which suggests that their colonies are not highly polygynous.
Identification
A member of the bergi complex of the scabrinodis species group. Radchenko and Elmes (2010) - Based on the morphological characters of the female castes, M. divergens could be placed either in the scabrinodis or lobicornis species groups. For example, the same nest sample may contain some individuals with a broadly rounded anterior clypeal margin and no medial notch, a feature of the scabrinodis-group, and others that have a shallowly notched clypeus, as seen in species of the lobicornis-group. In addition, M. divergens has antennal scapes that are strongly curved or even slightly angled at the base but with no trace of a carina or lobe, this feature distinguishes M. divergens from all schencki-group species, which are typified by the presence of vertical lobe (or at least denticle) on the base of the antennal scape. However, males have a short antennal scape (SI1 < 0.40, SI2 < 0.43), which is a feature of the scabrinodis and schencki-groups and completely distinguishes M. divergens from any species from the lobicornis-group (SI1 > 0.65, SI2 > 0.68). This combination of male and female features led us to place M. divergens in the scabrinodis group (Radchenko et al. 2002).
Keys including this Species
Distribution
South and East Siberia (to the west - until Altai Mts.), Mongolia.
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 47.921378° to 47.19027778°.
| North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Palaearctic Region: Mongolia, Russian Federation (type locality).
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
| Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Estimated Abundance
| Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
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Biology
Castes
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- divergens. Myrmica bergi var. divergens Karavaiev, 1931c: 105, fig. 1 (w.) RUSSIA. Radchenko, Elmes & Woyciechowski, 2002: 411 (q.m.). Subspecies of bergi: Pisarski, 1969a: 227; Dlussky & Pisarski, 1970: 85. Junior synonym of bergi: Radchenko, 1994e: 76. Revived from synonymy and raised to species: Radchenko, Elmes & Woyciechowski, 2002: 411. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 121.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Description
Etymology
Radchenko and Elmes (2010) - M. divergens: from the Latin word divergens = divergent, to indicate the characteristic kind of rugosity on the head dorsum.
References
- Dlussky, G. M.; Pisarski, B. 1970. Formicidae aus der Mongolei. Ergebnisse der Mongolisch-Deutschen Biologischen Expeditionen seit 1962, Nr. 46. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 46: 85-90 (page 85, Subspecies of bergi)
- Dubovikoff, D.A., Yusupov, Z.M. 2017. Family Formicidae - Ants. In Belokobylskij S. A. and A. S. Lelej: Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Proceedingss of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 6: 197-210.
- Ebsen, J.R., Boomsma, J.J. & Nash, D.R. 2019. Phylogeography and cryptic speciation in the Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander, 1846 species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and their conservation implications. Insect Conservation and Diversity 12: 467-480 (doi:10.1111/icad.12366).
- Jansen, G., Savolainen, R., Vepsäläinen, K. 2010. Phylogeny, divergence-time estimation, biogeography and social parasite–host relationships of the Holarctic ant genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 561, 294–304 (doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.029).
- Karavaiev, V. 1931c. Beitrag zur Ameisenfauna Jakutiens. (Auf Grund der Sammelergebnisse der Expeditionen der Wissenschaften der UdSSR., ausgeführt in den Jahren 1925 und 1926.). Zool. Anz. 94: 104-117 (page 105, fig. 1 worker described)
- Pisarski, B. 1969a. Fourmis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de la Mongolie. Fragmenta Faunistica 15: 221-236 (page 227, Subspecies of bergi)
- Radchenko, A. G. 1994f. Survey of the species of the scabrinodis group of the genus Myrmica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from central and eastern Palearctic. Zool. Zh. 73(9 9: 75-82 (page 76, Junior synonym of bergi)
- Radchenko, A. G.; Elmes, G. W.; Woyciechowksi, M. 2002. An appraisal of Myrmica bergi Ruzsky, 1902 and related species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Zool. (Warsaw) 52: 409-421 (page 411, Revived from synonymy and raised to species)
- Radchenko, A.G. & Elmes, G.W. 2010. Myrmica ants of the Old World. Fauna Mundi 3: 1-789.
- Radchenko, A.G., Fisher, B.L., Esteves, F.A., Martynova, E.V., Bazhenova, T.N., Lasarenko, S.N. 2023. Ant type specimens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the collection of Volodymyr Opanasovych Karawajew. Communication 1. Dorylinae, Poneromorpha and Pseudomyrmecinae. Zootaxa, 5244(1), 1–32 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5244.1.1).
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Dlussky G. M., and B. Pisarski. 1970. Formicidae aus der Mongolei. Ergebnisse der Mongolisch-Deutschen Biologischen Expeditionen seit 1962, Nr. 46. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 46: 85-90.
- Dubovikoff D. A., and Z. M. Yusupov. 2018. Family Formicidae - Ants. In Belokobylskij S. A. and A. S. Lelej: Annotated catalogue of the Hymenoptera of Russia. Proceedingss of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 6: 197-210.
- Ebsen J. R., J. J. Boomsma, and D. R. Nash. 2019. Phylogeography and cryptic speciation in the Myrmica scabrinodis Nylander, 1846 species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and their conservation implications. Insect Conservation and Diversity doi: 10.1111/icad.12366
- Jansen G., R. Savolainen, K. Vespalainen. 2010. Phylogeny, divergence-time estimation, biogeography and social parasite–host relationships of the Holarctic ant genusMyrmica(Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 294-304.
- Karavaiev V. 1931. Beitrag zur Ameisenfauna Jakutiens. (Auf Grund der Sammelergebnisse der Expeditionen der Wissenschaften der UdSSR., ausgeführt in den Jahren 1925 und 1926.). Zool. Anz. 94: 104-117.
- Pisarski B. 1969. Fourmis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de la Mongolie. Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw). 15: 221-236.
- Weber N. A. 1947. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica Latreille with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. I. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 40: 437-474.
- Yamane S., and U. Aibek. 2012. Distribution of Myrmica species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Mongolia. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 18(1): 171-185.
- Yamane S., and U. Aibek. 2012. Distribution of Myrmica species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Mongolia. Jpn. J. Syst. Ent. 18(1): 171-185.