Myrmica cachmiriensis

Myrmica cachmiriensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Tribe:	Myrmicini
Genus:	Myrmica
Species:	M. cachmiriensis
Binomial name
	Myrmica cachmiriensis; Forel, 1904 Specimen Label
Synonyms
	Myrmica smythiesi lutescens Menozzi, 1939;

M. cachmiriensis has been found at altitudes between 2100 and 3500 m, but its ecology is poorly known. Philip Ward (pers. comm.) found it in open pine and fir-pine forests, while Menozzi (1939) noted this species was found on irrigated fields in oases in arid territories. Alate queens and males have been collected in mid July. (Radchenko and Elmes 2010)

This species forms small nests (with 10-50 workers) under stones in soil covered with scattered vegetation. However, few nests were found in dense forests in soil covered with leaf litter. These ants appear to prefer shady areas, as they were never observed in exposed habitats. Nest temperature ranged from 14°C to 22°C and relative humidity 91%. Alates were observed during July and August. Altitudinal range for this species is 1829 to 3500m above mean sea level. (Bharti et al., 2016)

Identification

A member of the cachmiriensis complex of the rugosa species group. It most resembles Myrmica wardi, but differs from the latter by the much finer sculpture on the head dorsum. (Radchenko and Elmes 2010)

Keys including this Species

Key to Myrmica of the Himalaya and Afghanistan

Distribution

India (Kashmir), NE Pakistan. A record for China (Eidmann 1941) almost certainly belongs to another species. (Radchenko and Elmes 2010)

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 34.5° to 32.48611°.


North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Oriental Region: India (type locality), Pakistan.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Biology

Castes

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

cachmiriensis. Myrmica smythiesii r. cachmiriensis Forel, 1904c: 23 (w.) INDIA. Menozzi, 1939a: 292 (m.). Raised to species: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 251. Senior synonym of lutescens: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 251. See also: Radchenko & Elmes, 2010: 107.
lutescens. Myrmica smythiesi var. lutescens Menozzi, 1939a: 292 (w.q.) INDIA. [First available use of Myrmica smythiesii r. cachmiriensis var. lutescens Forel, 1904c: 23; unavailable name.] Junior synonym of cachmiriensis: Radchenko & Elmes, 2001a: 251.

Type Material

Myrmica cachmiriensis

Lectotype of (designated by Radchenko & Elmes, 2001): “Kashmir, Sind Valley, 9500ft (Wroughton)”, “M.smythiesii v. kashmiriensis Forel, type” (MHNG).
Paralectotypes (designated by Radchenko & Elmes, 2001): 2 workers with same labels as lectotype (MHNG); 1worker, “M.smythiesii For. var. kaschmiriensis w type Sind Valley, 7500’ Kaschmir (Wroughton) Jh.6” (MSNG).

M. smythiesi lutescens

Lectotype of (designated by Radchenko & Elmes, 2001): worker, “Cachmire (Smythies)”, “M. smythiesi For. r. cachmiriensis For. v. lutescens For., type” (MHNG).

Description

Etymology

Radchenko and Elmes 2010 - M. cachmiriensis: named from the Himalayan region of Cachmire (alternative spelling of Kashmir) combined with the Latin suffix ensis = place of origin, to indicate where the type material was collected.

References

Bharti, H., Sasi, S., Radchenko, A. 2016. Biogeography and ecology of Myrmica species (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Himalayan regions. Sociobiology 63, 956-975 (DOI 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i3.1145).
Forel, A. 1904d. Miscellanea myrmécologiques. Rev. Suisse Zool. 12: 1-52 (page 23, worker described)
Menozzi, C. 1939a. Formiche dell'Himalaya e del Karakorum raccolte dalla Spedizione italiana comandata da S. A. R. il Duca di Spoleto (1929). Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 78: 285-345 (page 292, male described)
Radchenko, A. G.; Elmes, G.W. 2001b. A taxonomic revision of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804 from the Himalaya (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Entomol. Basil. 23: 237-276 (page 251, Raised to species and senior synonym of lutescens)
Radchenko, A.G. & Elmes, G.W. 2010. Myrmica ants of the Old World. Fauna Mundi 3: 1-789.
Rasheed, M.T., Bodlah, I., Fareen, A.G., Wachkoo, A.A., Huang, X., Akbar, S.A. 2019. A checklist of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pakistan. Sociobiology 66(3), 426-439 (doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v66i3.4330).
Subedi, I.P., Budha, P.B., Bharti, H., Alonso, L. 2020. An updated checklist of Nepalese ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1006, 99–136 (doi:10.3897/zookeys.1006.58808).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

Bharti H., S. Sasi, and A. Radchenko. 2016. Biogeography and ecology of Myrmica species (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Himalayan regions. Sociobiology 63(3): 956-975.
Bharti H., Y. P. Sharma, M. Bharti, and M. Pfeiffer. 2013. Ant species richness, endemicity and functional groups, along an elevational gradient in the Himalayas. Asian Myrmecology 5: 79-101.
Mani M. S., and S. Singh. 1962. Entomological survey of Himalaya. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 59(1): 84-85.
Menozzi C. 1939. Formiche dell'Himalaya e del Karakorum raccolte dalla Spedizione italiana comandata da S. A. R. il Duca di Spoleto (1929). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. 78: 285-345.
Radchenko A. G., and G. W. Elmes. 2001. A taxonomic revision of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804 from the Himalaya (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Entomologica Basiliensia 23: 237-276.
Radchenko A. G., and G. W. Elmes. 2010. Myrmica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Old World. Fauna Mundi 3. Warsaw: Natura Optima Dux Foundation, 790 pp.
Radchenko, A. G., and G. W. Elmes. "A taxonomic revision of the ant genus Myrmica Latreille, 1804 from the Himalaya (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Entomologica Basiliensia 23 (2001): 237-276.
Rasheed M. T., I. Bodlah, A. G. Fareen, A. A. Wachkoo, X. Huang, and S. A. Akbar. 2019. A checklist of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pakistan. Sociobiology 66(3): 426-439.
Weber N. A. 1947. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica Latreille with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. I. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 40: 437-474.