Melophorus majeri
Melophorus majeri | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Formicinae |
Tribe: | Melophorini |
Genus: | Melophorus |
Species group: | majeri |
Species: | M. majeri |
Binomial name | |
Melophorus majeri Agosti, 1998 |
Known from a couple of records from heathland near the south coast of WA (Agosti 1997) and, more recently, from Eneabba. The one known nest was made directly into white sand. (Heterick 2009)
Identification
Heterick et al. (2017) - The armed propodeum in all worker sub-castes, the flattened and laterally carinate pronotum and mesonotum in the minor worker, the raised antennal lobes, and the absence of a metatibial apical spur distinguish Melophorus majeri from all other Melophorus and cause it to be placed in its own, unique species-group (Melophoprus majeri species-group).
This enigmatic species can be distinguished from all other Melophorus by reason of its armed propodeum in all worker subcastes. Other apomorphies include the absent metatibial apical spur (shared only with the unrelated Melophoprus anderseni group and Melophorus fulvidus) and the peculiarly flattened and carinate mesosoma in the minor worker, hence our tentative placement of M. majeri in its own species-group. The affinities of this ant are unknown, as no specimens were available for sequencing, but the appearance of the major worker suggests it may be close to the Melophoprus biroi species-group, if not a very aberrant member of that group.
Heterick (2009) - Minor workers of M. majeri are the only Melophorus with propodeal spines, and the dorsal and lateral surfaces of their flattened mesosomas are delimited by carinae. The minors also have very elongate heads and antennal scapes
Keys including this Species
Distribution
Known from southwestern WA.
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: -34.66666667° to -34.66666667°.
North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Australasian Region: Australia (type locality).
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
Estimated Abundance
Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species. |
Biology
Heterick et al. (2017) - The only known specimens (one nest series and a couple of strays) have come from white sand in southwestern WA. The minor worker, in particular, has more than a suggestion of being a mimic of a pselaphid beetle inquiline, with an extraordinary antennal scape that becomes incrassate distally and a flattened mesosoma. Could this be a kleptoparasite or subterranean nest raider of other ants? However that may be, minor workers are also active on the soil surface and have been collected as foragers. The nest series was associated with a piece of wood (Agosti 1997).
Castes
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Worker
Images from AntWeb
Paratype of Melophorus majeri. Worker. Specimen code casent0104699. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by AMNH, New York, NY, USA. |
Holotype of Melophorus majeri. Worker. Specimen code casent0172019. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia. |
Paratype of Melophorus majeri. Worker. Specimen code casent0172020. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by ANIC, Canberra, Australia. |
Paratype of Melophorus majeri. Worker. Specimen code casent0173922. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Paratype of Melophorus majeri. Worker. Specimen code casent0173923. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by CAS, San Francisco, CA, USA. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- majeri. Melophorus majeri Agosti, 1998: 166, figs. 6-9 (s.w.) AUSTRALIA.
Unless otherwise noted the text for the remainder of this section is reported from the publication that includes the original description.
Description
Worker
Heterick et al. (2017) - (n = 2): CI 70-102; EI 21-30; EL 0.14-0.19; HL 0.65-0.89; HW 0.46-0.91; ML 0.92-0.24; MTL 0.44-0.64; PpH 0.09-0.14; PpL 0.32-0.47; SI 96-223; SL 0.88-1.01
Minor. Head. Head elongate, truncate posteriad; posterior margin of head planar to strongly convex; frons matt or with weak sheen, microreticulate or microreticulate-shagreenate; frons consisting exclusively or almost exclusively of well-spaced, appressed setae only (small, erect setae, if present, usually confined to ocular triangle or posterior margin of head). Eye small (eye length less than 0.2 × length of side of head capsule); in full-face view, eyes set above midpoint of head capsule; in profile, eye set around midline of head capsule; eyes elliptical or slightly reniform. In full-face view, frontal carinae straight or weakly convex; frontal lobes straight, elevated. Anteromedial clypeal margin narrowly convex and protruding, clypeal margin entire or very weakly indented; clypeal psammophore set at or just above anterior clypeal margin; palp formula 6,4. Five to six mandibular teeth in minor worker; mandibles triangular, weakly incurved; third mandibular tooth distinctly shorter than apical tooth and teeth numbers two and four; masticatory margin of mandibles approximately vertical or weakly oblique. Mesosoma. Integument of pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleuron matt or with weak sheen and microreticulate throughout; anterior mesosoma in profile gently undulate, dorsal and lateral surfaces separated by carinae; erect pronotal setae absent; in profile, metanotal groove a weak or vestigial furrow; propodeum matt or with a weak sheen and microreticulate; propodeum distinctly angulate, propodeal angles produced as short, erect denticles; length ratio of propodeal dorsum to its declivity about 3:2; erect propodeal setae always absent; appressed propodeal setulae short, separated by more than own length and inconspicuous; propodeal spiracle situated at least twice its width from the declivitous face of propodeum, and longer (length ≥ 0.50 × height of propodeum). Petiole. In profile, petiolar node trapezoidal with sharply defined flange posteriad; in full-face view, shape of petiolar node tapered with squared-off vertex; node matt and microreticulate. Gaster. Gaster matt with distinct microreticulate pattern; pilosity of first gastral tergite consisting of well-spaced short, inconspicuous, appressed setae only, erect setae always absent. General characters. Colour blackish-brown.
Major. Head. Head square; posterior margin of head planar or weakly concave; cuticle of frons matt or with weak sheen, microreticulate; frons consisting exclusively or almost exclusively of well-spaced, appressed setae only (small, erect setae, if present, usually confined to ocular triangle or posterior margin of head). Eye small (eye length less than 0.2 × length of head capsule); in full-face view, eyes set above midpoint of head capsule; in profile, eye set anteriad of midline of head capsule; eyes elliptical. In full-face view, frontal carinae straight or weakly convex; frontal lobes straight, elevated. Anterior clypeal margin convex, acuminate anteromedially, margin entire; clypeal psammophore set at or just above anterior clypeal margin; palp formula 6,4. Five mandibular teeth in major worker; mandibles triangular, weakly incurved; third mandibular tooth distinctly shorter than apical tooth and teeth numbers two and four; masticatory margin of mandibles approximately aligned vertically or weakly oblique. Mesosoma. Integument of pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleuron matt or with weak sheen and microreticulate throughout; anterior mesosoma in profile gently sinuous after initial steep pronotal incline; erect pronotal setae short, (i.e., shorter than length of eye) and unmodified; in profile, metanotal groove a narrow but deep slit; propodeum matt or with a weak sheen and microreticulate; propodeum distinctly angulate, propodeal angles produced as short denticles; length ratio of propodeal dorsum to its declivity between 1:1 and 1:2; erect propodeal setae absent; appressed propodeal setae short, separated by more than own length and inconspicuous; propodeal spiracle situated nearer to midpoint of propodeum than to its declivitous face, and shorter (length less than 0.50 × height of propodeum). Petiole. In profile, petiolar node squamiform; in full-face view, shape of petiolar node generally rounded with median indentation; node matt, and microreticulate. Gaster. Gaster matt with a distinct microreticulate pattern; pilosity of first gastral tergite consisting of well-spaced, erect and semi-erect setae interspersed with regularly spaced appressed setae. General characters. Colour generally dark brown, head brown.
Type Material
Heterick et al. (2017) - Holotype minor and paratype major workers Hassel Road, Jerramungup, Western Australia. American Museum of Natural History, Australian National Insect Collection, California Academy of Sciences (examined: ANIC holotype (second ant on pin of three workers) and paratypes CASENT0172019, CASENT017020, AntWeb images of AMNH (CASENT0104674) and CASC (CASENT0173922, CASENT0173922) specimens). The AntWeb Automontage image for the holotype erroneously depicts a paratype major worker from the same pin as the holotype. specimens , Note. Syntype label also erroneously displayed for CASENT0104674 (paratype).
- Holotype, worker, 15km SW Welletead, Western Australia, Australia, Australian National Insect Collection.
- Paratype, worker(s), 15km SW Welletead, Western Australia, Australia, American Museum of Natural History.
- Paratype, 9 workers, 15km SW Welletead, Western Australia, Australia, Australian National Insect Collection.
- Paratype, worker(s), 15km SW Welletead, Western Australia, Australia, The Natural History Museum.
- Paratype, 3 workers, 15km SW Welletead, Western Australia, Australia, Museum of Comparative Zoology.
- Paratype, worker(s), 15km SW Welletead, Western Australia, Australia, Musee d'Histoire Naturelle Genève.
- Paratype, worker(s), 15km SW Welletead, Western Australia, Australia, Tropical Ecology Research Centre.
- Paratype, 1 worker, Yokinup Bay, Cape Arid National Park, Western Australia, Australia.
References
- Agosti, D. 1998a [1997]. Two new enigmatic Melophorus species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Australia. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 105: 161-169. (page 166, figs. 6-9 soldier, worker described)
- Heterick, B. E. 2009a. A guide to the ants of South-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 76: 1-206. Part 2.
- Heterick, B.E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I: Systematics. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 86, 1-245 (doi:10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245).
- Heterick, B.E. 2022. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part II: Distribution and biology. Records of the Western Australian Museum, supplement 86: 247-510 (doi:10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2022.247-510).
- Heterick, B.E., Castalanelli, M., Shattuck, S.O. 2017. Revision of the ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 700, 1–420 (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.700.11784).
References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics
- Agosti D. 1998. Two new enigmatic Melophorus species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Australia. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 105: 161-169.