Male Genitalia

Male genitalia in ants has been reviewed by Boudinot, B.E., 2013. The male genitalia of ants: musculature, homology, and functional morphology (Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Formicidae). J. Hym. Res. 30, 29e49.

Ward & Boudinot (2021) provide the following genitalic term equivalencies among key works (see also Boudinot (2013) and references within cited studies):

• Cupula (= basal ring of Snodgrass (1941, 1957))
• Cuspis (= cuspis or distivolsella)
• Gonocoxa (= gonocoxite in the strict sense, basimere of Snodgrass (1957), gonostipes of Schulmeister (2001))
• Gonopod (= gonopodites in the strict sense, parameres of Snodgrass (1941, 1957), latimeres of Schulmeister (2001), stipites of Kempf (1956), stipes of Birket-Smith (1981))
• Gonapophysis (= digitus of Snodgrass (1941, 1957); Schulmeister (2001))
• Gonostylus (= telomere or harpago of Snodgrass (1957), harpe of Schulmeister (2001))
• Penial sclerite (= aedeagal sclerite of Snodgrass (1941, 1957), sagitta of Snodgrass (1957), penisvalva of Schulmeister (2001))