Kapala

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There are sixteen species in this genus which are Parasitoids of ants. More than one parasitoid can complete development on a single host larva.

List of Kapala and their Host Ants
Genus and species Author and Year Ant Host Distribution Notes
Kapala argentina Gemignani, 1933 ants Argentina
Kapala atrata (Walker, 1862) Pachycondyla harpax Brazil
Kapala chacoensis Gemignani, 1947 ants Argentina
Kapala cuprea Cameron, 1913 Pachycondyla crassinoda Guyana
Kapala cynipsea (Walker, 1862) ants Brazil
Kapala dicerodera (Spinola, 1853) ants Brazil
Kapala flabellata (Fabricius, 1804) ants Brazil
Kapala floridana (Ashmead, 1885) Pogonomyrmex badius United States: Florida
Kapala furcata (Fabricius, 1804) ants United States
Kapala inexagens (Walker, 1862) ants Brazil
Kapala iridicolor (Cameron, 1904) Ectatomma ruidum, Gnamptogenys sulcata Nicaragua, Venezuela
Kapala ivorensis Risbec, 1954 ants Afrotropical: Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, Zaire.
Kapala izapa Carmichael, 2006 Ectatomma ruidum Mexico
Kapala splendens Ashmead, 1904 ants Brazil
Kapala sulcifacies (Cameron, 1904) Ectatomma ruidum Nicaragua
Kapala terminalis Ashmead, 1892 ants Cuba

REFERENCES

  • Ashmead, W.H. Classification of the chalcid flies of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museum, collected in South America by Herbert H. Smith. JOURBOOK: Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum VOLUME: 1(4) PAGES: i-xi,225-551,39pls. (1904).
  • Heraty, J.M. A revision of the genera of Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of the World. JOURBOOK: Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute VOLUME: 68 PAGES: 367pp. (2002).
  • Heraty, J.M. A revision of the genus ¦Isomerala¦ (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae). JOURBOOK: Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovenicae VOLUME: 69(1-2) PAGES: 137-145. (2005).
  • Howard, R.W., Pérez-Lachaud, G. and Lachaud, J.-P. 2001. Cuticular hydrocarbons of Kapala sulcifacies (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) and its host, the Ponerine ant Ectatomma ruidum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 94: 707-716.
  • Lachaud J-P, Cerdan P, Pérez-Lachaud G. (2011) Poneromorph Ants Associated with Parasitoid Wasps of the genus Kapala Cameron (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) in French Guiana. Psyche, vol. 2012, Article ID 393486, 6 pages,
  • Pérez-Lachaud, Gabriela, John M Heraty, Andrew Carmichael, Jean-Paul Lachaud, Biology and Behavior of Kapala (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) Attacking Ectatomma, Gnamptogenys, and Pachycondyla (Formicidae: Ectatomminae and Ponerinae) in Chiapas, Mexico, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 99, Issue 3, 1 May 2006, Pages 567–576.
  • Shipp, J.W. A new classification of the genus |Thoracantha| Latr. JOURBOOK: Entomologist VOLUME: 27 PAGES: 188-190. (1894).