Holcoponera pleurodon

Holcoponera pleurodon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Ectatomminae
Tribe:	Ectatommini
Genus:	Holcoponera
Species:	H. pleurodon
Binomial name
Holcoponera pleurodon (Emery, 1896)
Synonyms
Holcoponera emeryi Santschi, 1929 Holcoponera vidua Santschi, 1929 Specimen Label

Kempf (1970) notes a nest preference for pre-existing cavities in plants. It is also a frequent forager on trees and shrubs. Usually found in lowland to premontane humid forests.

Identification

A member of the porcata subgroup (in the striatula species group). Pronotum with concentric costulae; mesonotum with longitudinal costulae, sometimes surrounded by concentric costulae; anterior postpetiolar face with 3-4 transverse costulae and dorsal face with longitudinal costulae; metacoxal tooth acicular. Body dark brown, legs brown. An occasional specimens may have vertical costulation on the dec1ivitous propodeal face, as in Holcoponera striatula, but the backwards tilt of the petiolar node and its brief anterior peduncle will identify H. pleuradon. (Lattke 1995)

Keys including this Species

• Key to New World Gnamptogenys workers

Distribution

Latitudinal Distribution Pattern

Latitudinal Range: 5.917° to -64.3°.

North Temperate	North Subtropical	Tropical	South Subtropical	South Temperate

• Source: AntMaps

Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists

Neotropical Region: Bolivia, Brazil (type locality), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.

Distribution based on AntMaps

Distribution based on AntWeb specimens

Check data from AntWeb

Countries Occupied

Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species.

Estimated Abundance

Relative abundance based on number of AntMaps records per species (this species within the purple bar). Fewer records (to the left) indicates a less abundant/encountered species while more records (to the right) indicates more abundant/encountered species.

Nomenclature

The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.

• pleurodon. Ectatomma (Holcoponera) pleurodon Emery, 1896g: 47 (w.q.) BRAZIL (Pará).
  • Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
  • Type-locality: Brazil: Pará (no collector’s name).
  • Type-depository: MSNG.
  • Combination in Gnamptogenys: Brown, 1958g: 229.
  • combination in Holcoponera: Emery, 1911d: 41; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
  • Subspecies of striatula: Forel, 1908c: 340; Emery, 1911d: 41; Wheeler, W.M. 1922c: 3.
  • Status as species: Santschi, 1929h: 465 (redescription); Brown, 1958g: 229, 320; Kempf, 1960e: 390; Kempf, 1970b: 325; Kempf, 1972a: 114; Lattke, 1990b: 19; Brandão, 1991: 345; Bolton, 1995b: 210; Lattke, 1995: 179; Lattke, et al. 2004: 347; Lattke, et al. 2007: 259 (in key); Lattke, et al. 2008: 95; Bezděčková, et al. 2015: 111; Feitosa, 2015c: 98; Feitosa & Prada-Achiardi, 2019: 672; Camacho, et al. 2020: 456 (in key); Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
  • Senior synonym of emeryi: Brown, 1958g: 229, 320; Kempf, 1972a: 114; Bolton, 1995b: 210; Lattke, 1995: 179; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
  • Senior synonym of vidua: Brown, 1958g: 229; Kempf, 1972a: 114; Bolton, 1995b: 210; Lattke, 1995: 179; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
  • Distribution: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Venezuela.
• emeryi. Holcoponera emeryi Santschi, 1929h: 463, fig. 45 (w.) BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Pará).
  • Type-material: 2 syntype workers.
  • Type-locality: Bolivia: Mapiri (no collector’s name).
  • Type-depository: MSNG.
  • Junior synonym of pleurodon: Brown, 1958g: 229; Kempf, 1972a: 114; Bolton, 1995b: 209; Lattke, 1995: 179; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.
• vidua. Holcoponera vidua Santschi, 1929h: 467, fig. 3 (q.) BRAZIL (Pará).
  • Type-material: holotype queen.
  • Type-locality: Brazil: Pará, Ourena (no collector’s name).
  • Type-depository: MSNG.
  • Junior synonym of pleurodon: Brown, 1958g: 229; Kempf, 1972a: 114; Bolton, 1995b: 211; Lattke, 1995: 179; Camacho, Franco, Branstetter, et al. 2022: 11.

Description

Karyotype

• n = 16, 2n = 32 (French Guiana) (Mariano et al. 2015).

References

• Albuquerque, E., Prado, L., Andrade-Silva, J., Siqueira, E., Sampaio, K., Alves, D., Brandão, C., Andrade, P., Feitosa, R., Koch, E., Delabie, J., Fernandes, I., Baccaro, F., Souza, J., Almeida, R., Silva, R. 2021. Ants of the State of Pará, Brazil: a historical and comprehensive dataset of a key biodiversity hotspot in the Amazon Basin. Zootaxa 5001, 1–83 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5001.1.1).
• Brown, W. L., Jr. 1958g. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 118: 173-362 (page 229, Combination in Gnamptogenys, Revived status as species, and senior synonym of emeryi and vidua)
• Camacho, G.P., Franco, W., Branstetter, M.G., Pie, M.R., Longino, J.T., Schultz, T.R., Feitosa, R.M. 2022. UCE phylogenomics resolves major relationships among Ectaheteromorph ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae, Heteroponerinae): A new classification for the subfamilies and the description of a new genus. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(1): 5; 1–20 (doi:10.1093/isd/ixab026).
• Camargo, K.S. de. 2011. Composicao e diversidade de "Poneromorfas" (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em duas fitofisionomias de cerrado e padroes de distribuicao de "Poneromorfas", Pseudomyrmecinae e Cephalotini (Myrmicinae) para o Brasil. Thesis, Universidade de Brasilia.
• Emery, C. 1896g. Studi sulle formiche della fauna neotropica. XVII-XXV. Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 28: 33-107 (page 47, worker, queen described)
• Emery, C. 1911e. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125 (page 41, Combination in Holcoponera)
• Forel, A. 1908h. Ameisen aus Sao Paulo (Brasilien), Paraguay etc. gesammelt von Prof. Herm. v. Ihering, Dr. Lutz, Dr. Fiebrig, etc. Verh. K-K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 58: 340-418 (page 340, Variety of striatula)
• Franco, W., Ladino, N., Delabie, J.H.C., Dejean, A., Orivel, J., Fichaux, M., Groc, S., Leponce, M., Feitosa, R.M. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674, 509–543 (doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4674.5.2).
• Lattke, J.E., Fernández, F. & Palacio, E.E. 2007. Identification of the species of Gnamptogenys Roger in the Americas (pp. 254-270). In Snelling, R.R., Fisher, B.L. & Ward, P.S. (eds). Advances in ant systematics: homage to E.O. Wilson – 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 690 pp.
• Mariano, C.S.F., Santos, I.S., Silva, J.G., Costa, M.A., Pompolo, S.G. 2015. Citogenética e evolução do cariótipo em formigas poneromorfas. In: Delabie, J.H.C., Feitosa, R.M., Serrao, J.E., Mariano, C.S.F., Majer, J.D. (eds) As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil, 1st edn. Ilhéus, Brasil, pp 102–125 (doi:10.7476/9788574554419.0010).
• Lattke, J. E. 1995. Revision of the ant genus Gnamptogenys in the New World (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Hym. Res. 4: 137-193. PDF
• Teixeira, G.A., Barros, L.A.C., Lopes, D.M., de Aguiar, H.J.A.C. 2019. Cytogenetic variability in four species of Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863 (Formicidae: Ectatomminae) showing chromosomal polymorphisms, species complex, and cryptic species. Protoplasma 257, 549–560 (doi:10.1007/s00709-019-01451-6).

References based on Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics

• Bezdeckova K., P. Bedecka, and I. Machar. 2015. A checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Peru. Zootaxa 4020 (1): 101–133.
• Brown W. L., Jr. 1958. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. II. Tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 118: 173-362.
• Emery C. 1911. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118: 1-125.
• Escalante Gutiérrez J. A. 1993. Especies de hormigas conocidas del Perú (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Peruana de Entomología 34:1-13.
• Fernandes I., and J. de Souza. 2018. Dataset of long-term monitoring of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the influence areas of a hydroelectric power plant on the Madeira River in the Amazon Basin. Biodiversity Data Journal 6: e24375.
• Fernández F., and E. E. Palacio. 1995. Hormigas de Colombia IV: nuevos registros de géneros y especies. Caldasia 17: 587-596.
• Fernández F., and T. M. Arias-Penna. 2008. Las hormigas cazadoras en la región Neotropical. Pp. 3-39 in: Jiménez, E.; Fernández, F.; Arias, T.M.; Lozano-Zambrano, F. H. (eds.) 2008. Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, xiv + 609 pp.
• Fernández, F. and S. Sendoya. 2004. Lista de las hormigas neotropicales. Biota Colombiana Volume 5, Number 1.
• Forel A. 1908. Ameisen aus Sao Paulo (Brasilien), Paraguay etc. gesammelt von Prof. Herm. v. Ihering, Dr. Lutz, Dr. Fiebrig, etc. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 58: 340-418.
• Franco W., N. Ladino, J. H. C. Delabie, A. Dejean, J. Orivel, M. Fichaux, S. Groc, M. Leponce, and R. M. Feitosa. 2019. First checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of French Guiana. Zootaxa 4674(5): 509-543.
• Groc S., J. H. C. Delabie, F. Fernandez, F. Petitclerc, B. Corbara, M. Leponce, R. Cereghino, and A. Dejean. 2017. Litter-dwelling ants as bioindicators to gauge the sustainability of small arboreal monocultures embedded in the Amazonian rainforest. Ecological Indicators 82: 43-49.
• Groc S., J. H. C. Delabie, F. Fernandez, M. Leponce, J. Orivel, R. Silvestre, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, and A. Dejean. 2013. Leaf-litter ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a pristine Guianese rainforest: stable functional structure versus high species turnover. Myrmecological News 19: 43-51.
• Kempf, W.W. 1972. Catalago abreviado das formigas da regiao Neotropical (Hym. Formicidae) Studia Entomologica 15(1-4).
• Lachaud J. P., P. Cerdan, and G. Perez-Lachaud. 2012. Poneromorph ants associated with parasitoid wasps of the genus Kapala Cameron (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) in French Guiana. Psyche doi:10.1155/2012/393486.
• Lattke J. E. 1995. Revision of the ant genus Gnamptogenys in the New World (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 4: 137-193
• Lattke J. E., F. Fernández, E. E. Palacio. 2004. Una nueva especie de Gnamptogenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y comentarios sobre las especies del género en Colombia y Ecuador. Iheringia. Série Zoologia 94: 341-349.
• Lattke, J. E. 1990b. Revisión del género Gnamptogenys Roger en Venezuela (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Terramaris 2: 1-47
• Leponce M., J. H. C. Delabie, J. Orivel, J. Jacquemin, M. Calvo Martin, and A. Dejean. 2019. Tree-dwelling ant survey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Mitaraka, French Guiana, in Touroult J. (ed.), “Our Planet Reviewed” 2015 large-scale biotic survey in Mitaraka, French Guiana. Zoosystema 41 (10): 163-179.
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• Santschi F. 1929. Révision du genre Holcoponera Mayr. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 82: 437-477.
• Silvestre R., C. R. F. Brandão, and R. R. Silva da 2003. Grupos funcionales de hormigas: el caso de los gremios del cerrado. Pp. 113-148 in: Fernández, F. (ed.) 2003. Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, xxvi + 424 pp.
• Sosa-Calvo J. 2007. Ants of the leaf litter of two plateaus in Eastern Suriname. In Alonso, L.E. and J.H. Mol (eds.). 2007. A rapid biological assessment of the Lely and Nassau plateaus, Suriname (with additional information on the Brownsberg Plateau). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 43. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.
• Wheeler W. M. 1922. The ants of Trinidad. American Museum Novitates 45: 1-16.
• da Silva, R.R., C.R.F. Brandao, and R. Silvestre. 2004. Similarity Between Cerrado Localities in Central and Southeastern Brazil Based on the Dry Season Bait Visitors Ant Fauna. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 39(3):191-199.