Aphaenogaster tennesseensis
Aphaenogaster tennesseensis | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Myrmicinae |
Tribe: | Stenammini |
Genus: | Aphaenogaster |
Species: | A. tennesseensis |
Binomial name | |
Aphaenogaster tennesseensis (Mayr, 1862) | |
Synonyms | |
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This species is presumed to be a temporary parasite in ground nests of other species of Aphaenogaster, including Aphaenogaster fulva, Aphaenogaster picea and Aphaenogaster rudis (Smith, 1979). Workers forage on trees and nest in rotting wood.
At a Glance | • Temporary parasite |
Photo Gallery
- Socially parasitic ants are usually describable by their relatively small queens, as ants that start new colonies by infiltrating existing nests do note need large body reserves. The queen of A. tennesseensis - a temporary nest-founding parasite of several other woodland Aphaenogaster - is scarcely larger than their own workers. Urbana, Illinois, USA. Photo by Alex Wild.
- This parasitic A. tennesseensis queen has just penetrated a nest of her host species. Aphaenogaster rudis. She is highly attractive to her victims, who unknowingly tend her and begin raising her eggs as their own. The original host queen killed, this colony will gradually turn into a full nest of A. tennesseensis, Manhattan, Kansas, USA. Photo by Alex Wild.
- On the underside of a sun-soaked leaf, Aphaenogaster tennesseensis tending to Entylia sp. treehoppers. The treehoppers secrete sweet honeydew for the ants in exchange for protection from parasites and predators. The spiky-looking bugs are the immature stages of the larger shield-shaped insects. Lake Glendale, Illinois, USA. Photo by Alex Wild.
Identification
Workers are relatively large, dark reddish-brown, with heavy sculpture, long curved propodeal spines, and have the postpetiole broader than long and suboval in shape. The queens are very distinctive looking and are almost entirely smooth, lacking any obvious sculpture, and have long blunt tipped propodeal spines.
This ant is easily diagnosed by its lack of hair on the mesosoma and metasoma, and by the propodeal spines that curve back towards the gaster (DeMarco, 2015).
Florida
Deyrup (2016) - This species has a protuberance on the ventral side of the postpetiole, and coarse irregular ridges on the mesopleuron, both features shared by Aphaenogaster mariae. It lacks the long, fine ridges at the base of the first gastral tergite found in A. mariae. Aphaenogaster tennesseensis differs from all other Florida species in the lack of any erect hairs on the mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and gaster. It is also distinguished by its extraordinarily long propodeal spines, which are thick at the base and somewhat curved, tapering to a sharp point. In the field, tennesseensis might be mistaken for Aphaenogaster lamellidens.
Keys including this Species
Distribution
Florida
Deyrup (2016) - Quebec south into Florida, west into Minnesota and Oklahoma (Smith 1979). In Florida, tennesseensis is known from a few sites in the northern part of the state. It appears to be rare in Florida.
Latitudinal Distribution Pattern
Latitudinal Range: 47.838781° to 29.96666667°.
North Temperate |
North Subtropical |
Tropical | South Subtropical |
South Temperate |
- Source: AntMaps
Distribution based on Regional Taxon Lists
Nearctic Region: United States (type locality).
Distribution based on AntMaps
Distribution based on AntWeb specimens
Check data from AntWeb
Countries Occupied
Number of countries occupied by this species based on AntWiki Regional Taxon Lists. In general, fewer countries occupied indicates a narrower range, while more countries indicates a more widespread species. |
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Biology
Florida
Deyrup (2016) - This species usually occurs in mesic woodlands. It is believed to be a temporary nest parasite of other Aphaenogaster, on the basis of the small size and large spines of the queen, and the discovery of three small mixed colonies of tennesseensis and some species in the fulva—rudis complex (Wheeler 1910a). These colonies were found under stones, rather than in rotten wood, where mature colonies of tennesseensis occur (Wheeler 1910a). Nests may be in rotting stumps or logs, in standing dead trees, and in dead portions of live trees (Smith 1965). Mature colonies have several hundred to several thousand individuals (Smith 1965). The latter estimate would be unusually high for a species of eastern Aphaenogaster. Foraging is usually on the ground, where the workers collect small arthropods (Carroll 1975). Alates have been found in the nest in August (Carroll 1975).
Flight Period
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Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Source: antkeeping.info.
- Check details at Worldwide Ant Nuptial Flights Data, AntNupTracker and AntKeeping.
Explore: Show all Flight Month data or Search these data. See also a list of all data tables or learn how data is managed.
Castes
Queen
Images from AntWeb
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Queen (alate/dealate). Specimen code casent0103602. Photographer April Nobile, uploaded by California Academy of Sciences. | Owned by ABS, Lake Placid, FL, USA. |
Nomenclature
The following information is derived from Barry Bolton's Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World.
- tennesseensis. Atta tenneseensis Mayr, 1862: 743 (w.) U.S.A. (Tennessee).
- [Justified emendation of spelling to tennesseensis by Roger, 1863b: 30.]
- Type-material: syntype workers (number not stated).
- Type-locality: U.S.A.: Tennessee (no collector’s name).
- Type-depository: NHMW.
- Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 411 (m.); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1953b: 61 (l.).
- Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 30;
- combination in Stenamma (Aphaenogaster): Emery, 1895c: 301;
- combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 60.
- Status as species: Roger, 1863b: 30; Mayr, 1863: 397; Forel, 1886b: xli; Mayr, 1886d: 443 (in key); Cresson, 1887: 260; Dalla Torre, 1893: 107; Emery, 1895c: 301; Wheeler, W.M. 1904e: 303; Wheeler, W.M. 1905f: 382; Wheeler, W.M. 1906b: 4; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 565; Wheeler, W.M. 1913c: 114; Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 586; Wheeler, W.M. 1917i: 461; Emery, 1921f: 60; Menozzi, 1932b: 311; Smith, M.R. 1932: 160; Dennis, 1938: 287; Wesson, L.G. & Wesson, R.G. 1940: 94; Buren, 1944a: 285; Creighton, 1950a: 151; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 797; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 118; Carter, 1962a: 6 (in list); Kutter, 1968b: 203; Francoeur, 1977b: 207; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1362; DuBois & LaBerge, 1988: 137; Deyrup, et al. 1989: 95; Wheeler, G.C., et al. 1994: 302; Bolton, 1995b: 73; Deyrup, 2003: 44; Coovert, 2005: 50; MacGown & Forster, 2005: 71; Ellison, et al. 2012: 232; Deyrup, 2017: 51; Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407 (redescription).
- Senior synonym of ecalcaratum: Creighton, 1950a: 151; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 118; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1363; Bolton, 1995b: 73; Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407.
- Senior synonym of laevis: Mayr, 1886d: 446; Dalla Torre, 1893: 107; Emery, 1895c: 301; Emery, 1921f: 60; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 796; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1362; Bolton, 1995b: 73; Coovert, 2005: 50; Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407.
- Senior synonym of subrubra: Mayr, 1886c: 365; Dalla Torre, 1893: 107; Emery, 1895c: 301; Wheeler, 1902f: 26; Emery, 1921f: 60; Creighton, 1950a: 151; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 796; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1363; Bolton, 1995b: 73; Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407.
- Distribution: Canada, U.S.A.
- ecalcaratum. Stenamma (Aphaenogaster) tennesseense var. ecalcaratum Emery, 1895c: 301 (w.) U.S.A. (New Hampshire).
- Type-material: lectotype worker (by designation of Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407), 6 paralectotype workers, 1 paralectotype queen, 1 paralectotype male.
- [Notes (i): only workers are mentioned in the original description; (ii) Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407, cite “3 cotype workers” in MCZC, also paralectotypes.]
- Type-locality: U.S.A.: New Hampshire (no collector’s name).
- Type-depositories: MSNG (lectotype); MCZC, MSNG (paralectotypes).
- Combination in Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma): Emery, 1921f: 60.
- Subspecies of tennesseensis: Wheeler, W.M. 1906b: 5; Wheeler, W.M. 1910g: 565; Emery, 1921f: 60; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 797.
- Junior synonym of tennesseensis: Creighton, 1950a: 151; Smith, M.R. 1958c: 118; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1363; Bolton, 1995b: 69; Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407.
- laevis. Atta laevis Mayr, 1862: 743 (q.) U.S.A. (Tennessee).
- Type-material: holotype queen.
- Type-locality: U.S.A.: Tennessee (no collector’s name).
- Type-depository: NHMW.
- Combination in Aphaenogaster: Roger, 1863b: 30.
- Status as species: Roger, 1863b: 30; Mayr, 1863: 396.
- Junior synonym of tennesseensis: Mayr, 1886d: 446; Dalla Torre, 1893: 107; Emery, 1895c: 301; Emery, 1921f: 60; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 796; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1362; Bolton, 1995b: 70; Coovert, 2005: 50; Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407.
- subrubra. Myrmica subrubra Buckley, 1867: 336 (w.q.) U.S.A. (District of Columbia, Virginia).
- Type-material: syntype workers, syntype queens (numbers not stated).
- Type-localities: U.S.A.: nr Washington D.C. (S.B. Buckley), U.S.A.: Virginia, Aquia (S.B. Buckley).
- Type-depository: unknown (no material known to exist).
- Combination in Aphaenogaster: Cresson, 1887: 260.
- Status as species: Cresson, 1887: 260 (error).
- Junior synonym of tennesseensis: Mayr, 1886c: 365; Dalla Torre, 1893: 107; Emery, 1895c: 301; Wheeler, 1902f: 26; Emery, 1921f: 60; Creighton, 1950a: 151; Smith, M.R. 1951a: 796; Smith, D.R. 1979: 1363; Bolton, 1995b: 73; Mackay & Mackay, 2017: 407.
Description
References
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- Ant Associate
- Host of Aphaenogaster fulva
- Host of Aphaenogaster picea
- Host of Aphaenogaster rudis
- Temporary parasite
- Photo Gallery
- North temperate
- North subtropical
- FlightMonth
- Species
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- Formicidae
- Myrmicinae
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- Aphaenogaster
- Aphaenogaster tennesseensis
- Myrmicinae species
- Stenammini species
- Aphaenogaster species